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专题 10 阅读七选五说明文
目录
题型综述 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
解题攻略 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
题型 01 主旨概括句题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
题型 02 过渡衔接句题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
题型 03 细节支撑句题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
题型 04 结论概括句题
高考练场
题型简介高考英语阅读七选五说明文，主要向读者介绍知识、说明事物原理、解释操作流程或阐释社会文化现象等
。文本条理清晰，常运用小标题、数字序号、逻辑连接词来组织行文，让复杂内容层次分明，方便读者理
解。这类题型要求考生从七个备选项中选出五个合适的句子，填补文章空缺处，使文意连贯、逻辑顺畅，
综合考查阅读理解、语篇分析及上下文衔接能力。
命题类型
主旨概括句：常位于段落开头，用来点明段落核心主题，起引领全段内容的作用，如选段围绕某种环
保新技术展开，此空句子会概括该技术的总体特性。
过渡衔接句：衔接上下文，既总结上文要点，又引出下文话题，让行文过渡自然，毫无突兀感。比如
前文讲传统教育模式，后文谈线上教育革新，中间过渡句就需关联二者。
细节支撑句：为前文提出的论点、概念提供具体例子、数据、解释说明，充实文章内容，让抽象观点
变得具体可感，像提到健康饮食好处后，紧跟列举具体有益的食材。
结论概括句：考查对文章结论的概括能力，选项需要能够总结文章的主要观点。
解题思路
通读全文，把握大意：快速浏览文章标题、首尾段以及各段首句，明晰文章大致主题，明确是介绍科
技产品、文化习俗，还是科普自然现象等，构建宏观框架认知。
看设空位置，预判功能：如果空缺在段首，大概率是主旨句，要找能总领全段的选项；在段中，多为
过渡或细节支撑句，需联系前后文语义关联；处于段尾，可能是总结句，或是引出下段话题的过渡
语。
圈画关键词，找呼应：在设空处上下文中圈出名词、动词、形容词等实词，以及逻辑连接词。比对选
项，找出含相同、相近关键词，或是存在因果、转折、并列等逻辑呼应的句子。例如，上文有 “but”
表转折，选项也应有转折语义相关内容。
利用逻辑线索：关注文中 “firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“however ”“therefore” 这类逻辑词，它们能清
晰展示行文顺序、语义递进、转折对比、因果推导关系，顺着逻辑链条筛选适配选项。
代入检查：把选定的选项依次代入原文空缺处，通读全文，核查上下文衔接是否流畅，语义是否连
贯，语法有无错误，若读起来拗口、语义断裂，需重新斟酌选项。
题型01 主旨概括句题（2024·重庆·模拟预测）Very few people can say that they have achieved all that they are capable of. But
what is it that is preventing you from fulfilling your potential (潜能)?
16 They know that they have something special to contribute and they are determined to make their
mark. This does not mean that they are too proud. On the contrary, they are self critical and push themselves hard
because they know that they can achieve more.
It is easy and natural to settle into a rut (墨守成规). Why try something new when you are already doing that
you are good at? 17 They take risks. They move out of their comfort zones. They take on difficult challenges.
They push themselves to acquire new skills and to face new examinations of their abilities. 18 Where are you
right now — inside your comfort zone or taking risks?
19 Thinking and planning are great but it is action that leads to success. It is only by doing things and
doing the right things that you change the world.
Let’s face it — your friends and family are really nice people but they are not challenging you to achieve
more. Spend more time with high flyers and positive thinkers who understand ambition and achievement. Share
some of your thoughts, dreams and challenges with them. 20
A．High achievers go further.
B．This means that they run the risk of failure.
C．All successful people have strong self-belief.
D．They can take comfort in modest achievements.
E．You waste a lot of time every day on low value activities.
F．They will encourage you and give you the direct advice you need.
G．It is really very hard to make progress if you have no ambition for your life.
题型02 过渡衔接句题（23-24高三上·安徽·期末）Vegetables are filled with nutrients. However, kids usually hate eating them.
Here are five of the most common reasons why most kids don’t really enjoy them.
Kids lack in exposure. The best way to get kids to eat their vegetables is to ensure that they are exposed to
them early on. 21 . Therefore, if you want your kids to love vegetables, start, exposing them early.
The vegetables taste bitter. Kids are super into the sweet and salt y flavors, but sometimes vegetables have
a bitter taste. The good news is that the more you eat vegetables, the less unpleasant they’ll taste. If your kids just
won’t eat them, you can mix them with other food or cook them differently. 22 .
Kids are allergic(过敏的). Vegetables contain vitamins and minerals. 23 . Some kids are allergic to
certain vegetables, making it hard to eat them. So it’s best to find out if your kids are allergic to any vegetables
before you try to get them to eat.
Kids are forced to consume. If you have no idea why they don’t eat them, try giving them a snack with
some vegetables. 24 . Instead, praise your kids for eating them. Then they’re more likely to try and eat.
25 . Sometimes kids go with the flow and do what others do. They tend to copy the behavior of their
parents. So if you’re not eating your vegetables, your kids won’t, either. The bottom line is that if your kids are
picky eaters, it’s probably because of you.
A．Just keep trying
B．Family hate vegetables
C．However, this doesn’t mean they’re for everyone
D．Don’t try too hard to get your kids to eat vegetables
E．Some vegetables are not fresh and don’t look appealing
F．Most kids don’t start eating vegetables until about age 2 or 3
G．What they hear about vegetables affects their thoughts about them题型03 细节支撑句题
（23-24高三上·山东青岛·期末）As we dive into the New Year with fresh resolutions, a big question is:
How long are we going to stick with them? 36 But there is a strategy known as SMART can help both in
setting goals and sticking with them.
Specific. In daily life, we’re driven by our habits, which come easily. We can drive, listen to the radio and
chew gum at the same time. 37 We need to get rid of distractions and stay focused. Mastering a new skill is
slow going, so it’s best to be clear on our aim.
Measurable. When it comes to goals, there’s often a divide between intention and action. One way to bridge
this gap is to track what we’ve achieved each day. 38 So, if you’re learning to play the piano, log your
practice. If your aim is to eat better, journal your meals.
Achievable. 39 It’s a reality check on how much time and resources you have to devote to it. And, it
sometimes begs a bigger question: Why should I commit to this goal?
Relevant. Goals and values should be connected. We may spend years living out other people’s dreams for
us. If you’re extrinsically (外在地) motivated, you may power through. But you may not be happy with the
outcome, even if you’re very successful. 40
Time-bound. It’s important to set goals that have clear time frames. Map out an action plan, and throughout
the year you can refer back to the plan.
Set concrete goals and plan a pain forward. When you’re filling your days with tasks and activities in line
with your goals, it’s time well spent.
A．But working toward a new goal can require a lot of brain power.
B．We know it matters to eat healthier, but it is hard to follow through.
C．Break your goal down into smaller pieces and think whether it’s doable.
D．People who regularly monitor their progress are more likely to succeed.
E．If you pick a goal you really care about, you’ll get it done and feel better.
F．We often start with determination and quickly find our passion decreasing.G．To keep you on track, write down your goals and share them with your teachers.
题型04 结论概括句
（23-24高三上·广东梅州·期末）Getting and staying focused can be a challenge even in the best of times.
But with everything going on in the world, concentrating can often feel down-right impossible. Below are some
tips to help you find your flow.
Distract (使分心) your brain. Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your
mind to travel into what’s called the “default (默认的) mode network” for a bit of freestyle activities. 66 . It’s
the place where our minds find innovation and creativity and often make better decisions than the focused mind.
67 . This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace
enjoyable — maybe it’s a walk through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm sandy beach. Doing this
several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand.
Block interruptions before diving into deep work. 68 . To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and
social media alerts. Be vital when you want a deep dive into focus. Your important work benefits when you shut
off or put away your phone and other screens.
Know your body clock. Whether you are sharp in the morning or a night owl, don’t spend your day — in
particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork. 69 .
Try new hobbies. Engaging in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to
problems we’re facing at work or home. 70 .
A．Try to daydream what happened
B．We try to obtain focus but in vain
C．Engage in positive constructive daydreaming
D．Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuff
E．This network of the brain circuit is where magic happensF．Our days are filled with distractions, from others and ourselves
G．Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation
(2024年1月浙江首考)
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.
___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you?
___17___
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage
of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose
sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing
to study
online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you
going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you
would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It
is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to
watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate
each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or
schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷)
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect,
professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take
the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my
laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,
but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the
Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a
bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000
words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a
word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one
definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding
experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
(2024年新课标高考英语II卷)
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on
making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try
a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解七选五）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of
your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things
you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the
ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
（2023·新高考卷II阅读理解七选五）
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art
journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete
beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___36___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create apainting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___39___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___40___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
A
（2024·河南·一模）Players, in Project SEKAI a world where reality and digital fantasy intertwine, 1
.
A Symphony of Taps: Engaging Rhythm Mechanics
Project Sekai transforms familiar rhythm gameplay into an enthralling experience where precision and
timing bring music to life. Adjustable difficulty settings ensure that both newcomers and seasoned players find
their rhythm, challenging them to perfect performances and ascend the leaderboards.
Interwoven Stories and Evolving Characters
At the heart of Project Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—from virtual idols to vibrant
human protagonists— 2 . Through fully voiced dialogues and interactive stories, players explore personal
growth and friendships that evolve with each note sung.
Exploring the Dual Dimensions of Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage
In the heart of Shibuya, Tokyo, the game unfolds, presenting a unique scenario where beloved virtual idols
like Hatsune Miku exist only within the confines of fiction. Yet, these characters discover a gateway to “SEKAI”,a
mysterious alternate reality that forms in response to human emotions. 3 This game sets players on a
compelling quest alongside these virtual singers to navigate their complex worlds and unravel the truths hidden in
their “true feelings.”
Besides, the game pivots around a silent, melody-less song called “Untitled,” that mysteriously appears on
various personal devices. 4 , transforming as players delve deeper into understanding and expressing their
emotion. As they interact with the song, it gradually develops a melody, lyrics, and finally a name, mirroring the
player's emotional journey. 5 ,challenging players to find balance and harmony between two worlds.
A．bring their own dreams and dilemmasB．display a variety of emotions stirred from themselves
C．It acts as a key to SEKAI
D．immerse themselves in it with the rhythmic spotlight surrounded
E．Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emotional landscapes of those who access it
F．embark on their captivating musical adventure
G．It allows for a fluid movement between the tangible reality of Tokyo and the ethereal realms of SEKAI
B
（2024·广东佛山·二模）An essential writing skill is the ability to use plain language effectively to convey
ideas clearly. Plain language involves using direct and accessible language with a straightforward structure. To
write in plain language, it is important to follow certain guidelines.
6 The only details necessary are those necessary for understanding. For example, the sign “Wait
behind the yellow line,” at a train platform includes “yellow” so travelers know where to stand.
Plain language avoids using vocabulary that requires specialized knowledge. If you work in IT, you can
comfortably use the word “latency” with your colleagues. 7 But when speaking with someone without an IT
background, you might instead use “slow” to ensure that they know what you’re talking about.
Plain language is more than word choices, though. It also involves structuring writing to prioritize clarity.
8 For example, use clear headers for each section. Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write
directly to your reader. 9 Additionally, use the active voice whenever possible to enhance clarity.
It is important to note that not every guideline for plain writing will apply to every piece of writing. The
ultimate goal is to create contents that are accessible and easily understood. By using plain language, you
demonstrate respect for your readers’ time and intelligence. 10
A．That is because they know what it means.
B．This can be achieved in the following ways.
C．Thus, it develops positive relationships with them.
D．In many cases, this means writing in the second person point of view.
E．One key aspect of plain writing is ensuring sentences are as short as possible.
F．This can be especially important for those who speak English as a second language.
G．Plain language reduces the risk of misunderstandings caused by confusing language choices.
C
（2024·福建泉州·二模）While most of us work hard to shine at the presentations and speeches we can
prepare for, we may find impromptu (即兴的) communication scary. Actually, you just need to learn specific
skills to communicate effectively when put on the spot. Here are a few pointers.
11 What do you want your audience to know? How do you want them to feel, and what do you want
them to do? Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. Then you
can prioritize what to say and choose your exact words more wisely.
Organize Your Thoughts. When making formal presentations, most people give a logical structure thataudiences can easily follow. But few of us adequately organize thoughts in impromptu situations. 12 In fact,
the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for
example.
Listen as well as you talk. 13 You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better
understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively.
Paraphrasing or asking open-ended follow-up questions can help confirm your understanding and provide extra
time to think about your response.
Dare to be dull. Don’t feel you need to give a standout performance. One popular saying applies here, “
14 ” Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an
actor or a robot. Research shows that the most effective speech includes moderate use of fillers such as “um” and
“uh”.
The real problem in impromptu communication isn’t an inability to communicate. 15 Fortunately, a
measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your
time to shine.
A．Identify a communication goal.
B．He knows most who speaks least.
C．Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
D．It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impossible to do so on the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement.
G．Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters.
D
（2024·湖南邵阳·三模）In the journey of life, there’s an often ignored hero — labor. Yes, that’s right,
good old-fashioned hard work. Whether it’s mowing lawns, babysitting, or washing dishes, the act of laboring not
only fills pockets but also shapes characters and molds futures.
Let’s face it, we live in a world where instant satisfaction is the norm (标准). But what if we told you that
delaying that satisfaction and putting in some good, honest sweat can actually be beneficial? It’s true! 16
17 Imagine a teenager tasked with mowing lawns for a summer job. Suddenly, they’re responsible for
showing up on time, doing a thorough job, and managing their earnings. These are life skills that no classroom
lecture can match.
Moreover, labor breeds (培养) perseverance. 18 Instead of throwing in the towel, they persevere,
learning from each setback and growing stronger in the process. This perseverance becomes a cornerstone (基石)
for success in all aspects of life.
But perhaps the most profound impact of labor is its ability to foster empathy and appreciation. 19 As
teenagers serve meals to the less fortunate, they gain a newfound perspective on privilege and gratitude. Suddenly,
that new smartphone doesn’t seem as important as lending a helping hand to those in need.
In conclusion, labor isn’t just about earning a paycheck but it’s also about shaping character and building a
foundation for success. So, the next time you see a teenager sweating it out on a hot summer day, remember —20
A．Labour is significantly beneficial to health.
B．Take, for instance, volunteering at a local soup kitchen.
C．labor isn’t just about earning money and training skills.
D．First, labor gradually acquires a sense of responsibility.
E．Imagine a young adult facing rejection after rejection while job hunting.
F．they’re not just mowing lawns, they’re paving their path to a brighter future.
G．The process of laboring teaches invaluable lessons that textbooks simply can’t convey.
E
（23-24高三下·海南省直辖县级单位·开学考试）Some of the oldest living things on our remarkable
planet are trees. The record holders are bristlecone pines (狐尾松) of the western United States, quite a few of
which are known to be more than 3,000 years old. One individual, discovered in 2012, is estimated to be more
than 5,060 years old, making it the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world! 21 : individuals across a
number of other tree species have also been around for thousands of years.
So, how do trees survive for thousands of years? 22 . Undoubtedly, part of the answer lies in luck.
Ancient trees have obviously not submitted to deadly diseases, pests, fires, droughts, windstorms, landslides, or
the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured.
The other part of the answer has to do with how trees age. In fact, there is quite a debate about whether
ancient trees can be considered “immortal (永生的)”. That is, will such trees ever die if they are not killed by an
outside force? We may never know the answer to that, but, at the very least, 23 . While cell death is an
important factor in the aging of humans and other animals, one study found little evidence of cell death in the
ginkgo tree vascular cambium (银杏树维管形成层). In addition, a study of bristlecone pine pollen (花粉) found
no significant increase in mutation (变异) rates with age, which is another factor associated with animal aging.
24 .
Older trees benefit greatly from having bodies made mostly of dead woody tissue. In fact, an old tree might
be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wood does not require metabolic (新陈代谢的)
activity to maintain it, 25 .
A．so an old tree doesn’t really need to do much to keep living
B．This is a question that has something to do with the good luck of trees
C．However, bristlecones are certainly not alone in terms of the oldest creatures
D．This is a fascinating question for biologists that does not yet have a settled answer
E．What’s more, some ancient trees have superior chemical defenses against pests and diseases
F．which means that trees can survive everywhere without being limited by external and internal conditions
G．we know that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different from the ways that most animals and
even other plants age
