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2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the followin text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark
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A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Wh do people read ne ative Internet comments and do other thin s that will
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obviousl be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertaint ,
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accordin to a recent stud in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that
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the need to know is so stron that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even
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when it is clear the answer will 3
In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the Universit of Chica o
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and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to 4 themselves
to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant
was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.
The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.
Twent -seven students were told which pens were electrified; another
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twenty-seven were told onl that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room,
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the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and
incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 . Subsequent
experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fin ernails
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on a chalkboard and photographs of disgustin insects.
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The drive to 10 is deepl rooted in humans, much the same as the basic
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drives for 11 or shelter, sa s Christopher Hsee of the Universit of Chica o.
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Curiosity is often considered a ood instinct - it can 12 new scientific advances,
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for instance - but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insi ht that curiosity
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can drive ou to do 14 thin s is a profound one.
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U呻ealth curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment,
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participants who were encoura ed to 16 how the would feel after viewin an
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unpleasant picture were less likel to 17 to see such an ima e. These results
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su est that ima inin the 18 of followin throu h on one's curiosity ahead of
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time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. "Thinkin about lon -term
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20 is ke to reducin the possible ne ative effects of curiosit ," Hsee sa s. In
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other words, don't read online comments.
英语（二）试题 . 1 . (共 14 页）1.A. protect B.resolve C.discuss D.ignore
2.A. refuse B.wait C.regret D.seek
3.A. hurt B.last C.mislead D.rise
4.A. alert B.tie C.treat D.expose
5.A. message B.review C.trial D.concept
6.A. remove B.weaken C.interrupt D.deliver
7.A. When B.If C.Though D.Unless
8.A. continue B.happen C.disappear D.change
9.A. rather than B.regardless of C.such as D.owing to
10.A. discover B.forgive C.forget D.disagree
11.A. pay B.marriage C.schooling D.food
12.A. lead to B.rest on C.learn from D.begin with
13.A. withdrawal B.persistence C.inquiry D.diligence
14.A. self-reliant B.self-destructive C. self-evident D.self-deceptive
15.A. define B.resist C.replace D.trace
16.A. overlook B.predict C.design D.conceal
17.A. remember B.promise C.choose D.pretend
18.A. relief B.plan C.duty D.outcome
19.A. why B.whether C.where D.how
20.A. consequences B.investments C.strategies D.limitations
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题 . 2 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text 1
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as thou h he has to justify his
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efforts to ive his students a better future.
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Mr. Koziatek is part of somethin pioneerin . He is a teacher at a New
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Hampshire hi h school where learnin is not somethin of books and tests and
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mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that
students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterl
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overwhelmed b a broken bike chain?
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As Koziatek knows, there is learnin in just about everythin . Nothin is
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necessaril ained b forcin students to learn eometry at a graffitied desk stuck
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with enerations of discarded chewin gum. The can also learn eometry b
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assemblin a bic cle.
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But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Workin with our hands is
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seen as almost a mark of inferiorit . Schools in the famil of vocational education
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"have that stereotype…that it's for kids who can't make it academicall ," he sa s.
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On one hand, that viewpoint is a lo ical product of America's evolution.
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Manufacturin is not the economic en ine that it once was. The job securit that the
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US econom once offered to hi h school graduates has lar el evaporated. More
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education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and ri htfull so.
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But the headlon push into bachelor's degrees for all and the subtle devaluin
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of anythin less misses an important point: That's not the onl thin the American
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econom needs. Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent
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of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and hi h-skill
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manufacturin . But onl 44 percent of workers are adequatel trained.
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In other words, at a time when the workin class has turned the country on its
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political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishin ,
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one obvious solution is starin us in the face. There is a ap in workin -class jobs, but
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the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. Koziatek's
Manchester School of Technology Hi h School is tryin to fill that ap.
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Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it
risks overlookin a nation's diversity of ifts.
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英语（二）试题 . 3 . (共 14 页）21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students'lack of
A. practical ability
B. academic trainin
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C. pioneerin spirit
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D. mechamcal memonzat10n
22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who .
A. have a stereotyped mind
B. h ave no career mot1vat10n
C. are not academicall successful
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D. are financiall disadvanta ed
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23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that hi h school graduates .
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A. used to have bi financial concerns
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B. used to have more job opportunities
C. are reluctant to work in manufacturin
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D. are entitled to more educational privile es
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24.The headlon push into bachelor's degrees for all .
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A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
B. ma narrow the ap in workin -class jobs
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C. is expected to ield a better-trained workforce
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D. indicates the overvaluin of hi her education
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25.The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as
A. supportive
B. tolerant
C. disappointed
D. cautious
英语（二）试题 . 4 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text2
While fossil fuels coal, oil, as still enerate rou hl 85 ercent of the
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world's energy su l , it's clearer than ever that the future belon s to renewable
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sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is ickin u momentum
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around the world: The now account for more than half of new ower sources oin
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on line.
Some growth stems from a commitment b overnments and farsi hted
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businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasin l the story is about the
gy
plummeting rices of renewables, es eciall wind and solar. The cost of solar anels
p p y p
has dro ed b 80 ercent and the cost of wind turbines b close to one-third in the
pp y p y
ast ei ht ears.
p g y
In many arts of the world renewable ener is alread a rinci al ener
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source. In Scotland, for exam le, wind turbines rovide enou h electricit to
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ower 95 ercent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notabl
p p y
China and Euro e, the United States is also seein a remarkable shift. In March, for
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the first time, wind and solar ower accounted for more than 10 ercent of the ower
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enerated in the US, re orted the US Energy Information Administration.
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President Trum has underlined fossil fuels es eciall coal as the ath to
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economic growth. In a recent s eech in Iowa, he dismissed wind ower as an
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unreliable energy source. But that messa e did not la well with man in Iowa,
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where wind turbines dot the fields and rovide 36 ercent of the state's electricit
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eneration and where tech iants like Microsoft are bein attracted b the
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availability of clean energy to ower their data centers.
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The question "what ha ens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't
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shine?" has rovided a quick ut-down for ske tics. But a boost in the stora e
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ca acit of batteries is makin their ability to kee ower flowin around the clock
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more likel .
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The advance is driven in art b vehicle manufacturers, who are lacin bi
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bets on battery- owered electric vehicles. Althou h electric cars are still a rarit on
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roads now, this massive investment could chan e the icture rapidl in comin ears.
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While there's a lon way to o, the trend lines for renewables are s ikin . The
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ace of chan e in ener sources a ears to be s eedin u erha s just in time
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to have a meanin ful effect in slowin climate chan e. What Washin ton does or
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doesn't do to romote alternative ener ma mean less and less at a time of a
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lobal shift in thou ht.
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英语（二）试题 . 5 . (共 14 页）26.The word " lummeting" (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .
p
A. stabilizing
B. changing
C. falling
D. nsmg
27.According to Paragra h 3, the use ofrenewable energy in America .
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A. is rogressing notabl
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B. is as extensive as in Euro e
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C. faces man challenges
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D. has roved to be im ractical
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28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .
A. wind is a widel used energy source
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B. wind energy has re laced fossil fuels
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C. tech giants are investing in clean energy
D. there is a shortage of clean energy su l
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29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragra hs 5&6?
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A. Its a lication has boosted battery storage.
pp
B. It is con皿onl used in car manufacturing.
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C. Its continuous su l is becoming a reality.
pp y
D. Its sustainable ex loitation will remain difficult.
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30.It can be inferred from the last aragra h that renewable energy .
p p
A. will bring the US closer to other countries
B. will accelerate global environmental change
C. is not reall encouraged b the US government
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D. is not com etitive enough with regard to its cost
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英语（二）试题 . 6 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text3
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital econom is astonishing
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Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocer chain Whole
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Foods for $ 13.Sbn, but two ears ago Facebook paid even more than that to
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acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have an ph sical
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product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finel
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detailed web of its users'friendships and social lives.
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link
phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the
deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge
of who sent them and to whom was enormousl revealing and still could be. What
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political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the
WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Ma 's enemies are currentl plotting? It ma be
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that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but
the records of which customers have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the onl wa to address these imbalances of
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power. But it is clums . For one thing, it is ver slow compared to the pace of
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change within the digital economy. B the time a problem has been addressed and
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remedied it ma have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced b new abuses of
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power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as
presentl interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not
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obvious when the users of these services don't pa for them. The users of their
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services are not their customers. That would be the people who bu advertising
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from them - and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital
advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.
The product the 're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data
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for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for
the hone dew the produce when the feed, so Google farms us for the data that
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our digital lives ield. Ants keep predator insects awa from where their aphids
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feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or
democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.
英语（二）试题 . 7 . (共 14 页）31.Accordin to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .
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A. di ital products
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B. user information
C. ph sical assets
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D. quality service
32.Linkin phone numbers to Facebook identities ma .
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A worsen political disputes
B. mess up customer records
C. pose a risk to Facebook users
D. mislead the European commission
33. Accordin to the author, competition law .
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A. should serve the new market powers
B. may worsen the economic imbalance
C. should not provide just one le al solution
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D. cannot keep pace with the chan in market
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34. Competition law as presentl interpreted can hardl protect Facebook users
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because .
A. the are not defined as customers
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B. the are not financiall reliable
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C. the services are enerall di ital
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D. the services are paid for b advertisers
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35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .
A. a win-win business model between di ital iants
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B. a typical competition pattern amon di ital iants
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C. the benefits provided for di ital iants'customers
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D. the relationship between di ital iants and their users
g g
英语（二）试题 . 8 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Text4
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being bus , Cal Newport, author of
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Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a
habit of "deep work" -the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work - be it
length retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a dail ritual; or taking a
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"journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when ou can throughout
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the day. Whichever approach, the ke is to determine our length of focus time and
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stick to it.
Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions
and get more done in less time. "At an given point, I should have deep work
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scheduled for roughl the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I
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would a doctor's appointment or important meeting", he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how ou
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prioritise our da - in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of
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Mess : The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a stud in the earl
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1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out
monthl goals and stud activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in
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much more detail, da b da .
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While the researchers assumed that the well-structured dail plans would be
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most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, the were wrong: the detailed
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dail plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often
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render the dail to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a
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list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace
downtime, or as Newport suggests, "be lazy".
"Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to
the brain as vitamin D is to the bod …[idleness] is, paradoxicall , necessary to
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getting an work done," he argues.
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Srini Pilla , an assistant professor of ps chiatry at Harvard Medical School,
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believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivit ma be due to
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the wa our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and
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unfocused on a task, the tend to be more efficient.
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"What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks the need to
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use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain," sa s Pilla .
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英语（二）试题 . 9 . (共 14 页）36. The ke to mastering the art of deep work is to .
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A. keep to our focus time
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B. list our immediate tasks
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C. make specific dail plans
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D. seize every minute to work
37. The stud in the earl 1980s cited b Harford shows that .
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A. distractions ma actuall increase efficienc
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B. dail schedules are indispensable to stud ing
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C. students are hardl motivated b monthl goals
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D. detailed plans ma not be as fruitful as expected
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38. According to Newport, idleness is .
A. a desirable mental state for bus people
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B. a major contributor to ph sical health
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C. an effective wa to save time and energy
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D. an essential factor in accomplishing an work
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39.Pilla believes that our brains'shift between being focused and unfocused .
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A. can result in ps chological well-being
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B. can bring about greater efficienc
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C. is aimed at better balance in work
D. is driven b task urgenc
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40.This text is mainl about .
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A. wa s to relieve the tension of bus life
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B. approaches to getting more done in less time
C. the ke to eliminating distractions
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D. the cause of the lack of focus time
英语（二）试题 . 10 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the uestions b choosing the most suitable
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subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra
subtitles which ou do not need to use. Mark our answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
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(10 points)
[A] Just sa it
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[B] Be present
[C] Pa a uni ue compliment
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[D] Name, places, things
[E] Find the "me too''s
[F] Skip the small talk
[G]Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links, which means when ou have a conversation with a new
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person a link gets formed and every conversation ou have after that moment will
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strengthen the link.
You meet new people every da : the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people
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at work or the securit guard at the door. Simpl starting a conversation with them
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will form a link.
Here are five simple wa s that ou can make the first move and start a
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conversation with strangers.
41.
Suppose ou are in a room with someone ou don't know and something within
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ou sa s "I want to talk with this person" this is something that mostl happens
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with all of us. You wanted to sa something the first word but it just won't come
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out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is m advice: just
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get it out.
Just think: what is the worst that could happen? The won't talk with ou? Well,
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the are not talking with ou now!
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I trul believe that once ou get that first word out everything else will just flow.
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英语（二）试题 . 11 . (共 14 页）So keep it simple: "Hi", "He "or "Hello" do the best ou can to gather all of the
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enthusiasm and energy ou can, put on a big smile and sa "Hi".
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42.
It is a problem all of us face; ou have limited time with the person that ou
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want to talk with and ou want to make this talk memorable.
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Honestl , if we got stuck in the rut of "hi", "hello", "how are ou?" and ''what is
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going on?", ou will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so
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memorable.
So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, ou'll be surprised
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to see how much people are willing to share if ou just ask.
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43.
When ou meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things
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which ou and that person have in common so that ou can build the conversation
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from that point. When ou start conversation from there and then move outwards,
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ou'll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
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44.
Imagine ou are pouring our heart out to someone and the are just bus on
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their phone, and if ou ask for their attention ou get the response "I canmultitask".
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So when someone tries to communicate with ou, just be in that communication
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wholeheartedl . Make e e contact. Trust me, e e contact is where all the magic
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happens. When ou make e e contact, ou can feel the conversation.
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45.
You all came into a conversation where ou first met the person, but after some
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time ou ma have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward! So,
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remember the little details of the people ou met or ou talked with; perhaps the
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places the have been to, the places the want to go, the things the like, the things
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the hate whatever ou talk about.
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When ou remember such things ou can automaticall become investor in their
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wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to ou to keep that relationship going.
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That's it. Five amazing wa s that ou can make conversation with almost an one.
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Every person is a reall good book to read, or to have a conversation with!
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英语（二）试题 . 12 . (共 14 页）微信公众号【鱼哥考研】免费分享最新考研干货资料
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write our translation neatl on the
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ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a
list of occupations. He ticks "astronaut" but quickl adds "scientist" to the list and
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selects it as well. The bo is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as
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man career paths as he likes. And so he reads - everything from enc clopedias to
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science fiction novels. He reads so passionatel that his parents have to institute a "no
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reading polic " at the dinner table.
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That bo was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading et - not even after
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becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowada s, his reading
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material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recentl , he revealed
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that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a ear. Gates chooses nonfiction titles
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because the explain how the world works. "Each book opens up new avenues of
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knowledge to explore", Gates sa s.
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英语（二）试题 . 13 . (共 14 页）N
Section Writing
PartA
47.Directions:
Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit
Professor Smith. Write him an email to
1) apologize and explain the situation, and
2) suggest a future meeting.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead
Do not write your address. (10 points)
PartB
48.Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1)interpret the chart, and
2)give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
4.70%
服务
26.80%
价格
．环境
·特色
·其他
2017 年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素
英语（二）试题 . 14 . (共 14 页）
