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2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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考生编号
考生姓名2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the followin text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark
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A, B, C or Don the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Wei hin ourself regularl is a wonderful wa to sta aware of an significant
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wei ht fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more
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than it 2
As for me, wei hin m self every da caused me to shift m focus from bein
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enerall health and ph sicall active, to focusin 3 on the scale. That was bad
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to m overall fitness oals. I had ained wei ht in the form of muscle mass, but
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thinkin onl of 4 the number on the scale, I altered m trainin program. That
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conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 m oals.
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I also found that wei hin m self dail did not provide an accurate 6 of the
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hard work and progress I was makin in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a
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month to notice significant chan es in our wei ht 7 alterin our trainin
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program. The most 8 chan es will be observed in skill level, stren th and inches
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lost.
For these 9 , I stopped wei hin m self every da and switched to a
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bimonthl wei hin schedule 10 . Since wei ht loss is not m oal, it is less
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i ortant for me to 11 m wei ht each week. Wei hin every other week allows
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me to observe and 12 an significant wei ht chan es. That tells me whether I
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need to 13 m tramm program.
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I use m bimonthl wei h-in 14 to et information about m nutrition as
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well. If m trainin intensit remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and
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droppin wei ht, this is a 16 that I need to increase m dail caloric intake.
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The 17 to stop wei hin m self every da has done wonders for m overall
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health, fitness and well-bein . I'm experiencin increased zeal for workin out since I
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no lon er carry the burden of a 18 mornin wei h-in. I've also experienced
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greater success in achievin m specific fitness oals, 19 I'm trainin accordin to
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those oals, not the numbers on a scale.
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Rather than 20 over the scale, tum our focus to how ou look, feel, how
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our clothes fit and our overall energy level.
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英语（二）试题 . 1 . (共 14 页）1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C] Otherwise [D] However
2. [A] helps [B] cares [C] warns [D] reduces
3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally
4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting
5. [A] modify [B] set [C] review [D] reach
6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction
7. [A] due to [B] regardless of [C ] aside from [D] along with
8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate
9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods
10. [A] instead [B] though [C] again [D] indeed
11. [A] track [B] overlook [C] conceal [D] report
12. [A] depend on [B] approve of [C] hold onto [D] account for
13. [A] share [B] adjust [C] confi皿 [D] prepare
14. [A] results [B] features [C] rules [D] tests
15. [A] bored [B] anxious [C] hungry [D] sick
16. [A] principle [B] secret [C] belief [D] sign
17. [A] request [B] necessity [C] decision [D] wish
18. [A] disappointing [B] surprising [C] restricting [D] consuming
19. [A] if [B] unless [C] until [D] because
20. [A] obsessing [B] dominating [C ] puzzling [D] triumphing
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题 . 2 . (共 14 页）Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and an er, guilt emer es a little
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later, in conjunction with a child's growin grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't
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born knowin how to sa "I'm sorry"; rather, the learn over time that such statements
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appease parents and friends and their own consciences. This is wh researchers enerall
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re ard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a ood thin .
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In the popular ima ination, of course, guilt still ets a bad rap. It is deepl
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uncomfortable it's the emotional equivalent of wearin a jacket wei hted with
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stones. Yet this understandin is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a
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rethinkin about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve," sa s Amrisha Yaish, a
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ps chology researcher at the Universit of Vir inia, addin that this revival is part of
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a lar er recognition that emotions aren't binary feelin s that ma be advanta eous
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in one context ma be harmful in another. Jealous and an er, for example, ma have
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evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, b promptin us to think more deepl about our oodness, can
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encoura e humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words,
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can help hold a cooperative species to ether. It is a kind of social lue.
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Viewed in this li ht, guilt is an opportunit . Work b Tina Malti, a ps chology
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professor at the Universit of Toronto, su ests that guilt ma compensate for an
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emotional deficienc . In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt
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and sympath ma represent different pathwa s to cooperation and sharin . Some
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kids who are low in sympath ma make up for that shortfall b experiencin more
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guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: Hi h s mpath can
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substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Usin care iver
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assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall
s mpath level and his or her tendenc to feel ne ative emotions after moral
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transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and iven a chance to
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share them with an anonymous child. For the low-s mpath kids, how much the
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shared appeared to tum on how inclined the were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones
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shared more, even thou h the hadn't ma icall become more sympathetic to the
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other child's deprivation.
"That's ood news, " Malti sa s. "We can be prosocial because we caused harm
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and we feel regret."
英语（二）试题 . 3 . (共 14 页）21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .
[A] regulate a child's basic emotions
[B] improve a child's intellectual ability
[C] foster a child's moral development
[D] intensify a child's positive feelings
22. According to Paragraph 2, man people still consider guilt to be .
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[A] deceptive
[B] burdensome
[C] addictive
[D] inexcusable
23. Yaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .
[A] emotions are context-independent
[B] emotions are sociall constructive
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[C] emotional stability can benefit health
[D] an emotion can pla opposing roles
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24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing
[A] may help correct emotional deficiencies
[B] can result from either sympath or guilt
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[C] can bring about emotional satisfaction
[D] ma be the outcome of impulsive acts
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25.The word "transgressions" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to
[A] teachings
[B] discussions
[C] restnct10ns
[D] wrongdoings
英语（二）试题 . 4 . (共 14 页）Text2
Forests ive us shade, quiet and one of the harder challen es in the fi ht a ainst
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climate chan e. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a ood share of the
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carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatenin their ability to do so. The climate
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chan e we are hastenin could one da leave us with forests that emit more carbon
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than the absorb.
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Thankfull , there is a wa out of this trap but it involves strikin a subtle
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balance. Helpin forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" lon into the future ma
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require reducin their capacit to absorb carbon now. California is leadin the wa , as
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it does on so man climate efforts, in fi urin out the details.
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The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out oun
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trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporaril lowers carbon-carryin
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capacity. But the remainin trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so
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the grow and thrive, restorin the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air.
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Health trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less
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easil burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
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The need for such plannin is increasin l ur ent. Alread , since 2010, drou ht
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and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016
alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35, 000 acres of forest a ear b 2020, and 60,000 b
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2030 financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's
onl a small share of the total acrea e that could benefit, about half a million acres in
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all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drou ht.
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The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in wood material removed from
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the forests is locked awa in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles
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that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is
alread under wa .
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State overnments are well accustomed to mana in forests, but traditionall
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the 've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Onl recentl
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have the come to see the vital part forests will have to pla in storin carbon.
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California's plan, which is expected to be finalized b the overnor next ear, should
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serve as a model.
英语（二）试题 . 5 . (共 14 页）26.B sa ing "one of the harder challenges," the author implies that .
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[A] global climate change ma get out of control
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[B] people ma misunderstand global warn血g
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[C] extreme weather conditions may arise
[D] forests ma become a potential threat
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27.To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks," we may need to .
[A] preserve the diversity of species in them
[B] accelerate the growth of oung trees
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[C] strike a balance among different plants
[D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacit
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28.California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to
[A] cultivate more drought-resistant trees
[B] reduce the density of some of its forests
[C] find more effective wa s to kill insects
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[D] restore its forests quickl after wildfires
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29.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5?
[A] To handle the areas in serious danger first.
[B] To carry it out before the ear of 2020.
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[C] To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.
[D] To obtain enough financial support.
30.The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as .
[A] ambiguous
[B] tolerant
[C] supportive
[D] cautious
英语（二）试题 . 6 . (共 14 页）Text3
American farmers have been complainin of labor shorta es for several ears. The
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complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more strai htforward visa for
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agricultural workers that would let foreign workers sta lon er in the U.S. and chan e
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jobs within the industry. If this doesn't chan e, American businesses, communities,
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and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such
workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are
chan in . Toda 's farm laborers, while still predominantl born in Mexico, are more
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likel to be settled rather than migratin and more likel to be married than sin le.
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The 're also a in . At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were
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over the a e of 35. Now more than half are. And pickin crops is hard on older bodies.
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One oft-debated cure for this labor shorta e remains as implausible as it's been all
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alon : Native U.S. workers won't be returnin to the farm.
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Mechanization isn't the answer, either not et, at least. Production of com,
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cotton, rice, so beans, and wheat has been lar el mechanized, but man hi h-value,
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labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where
robots do a small share of milkin , have a lon wa to o before the 're automated.
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As a result, farms have grown increasin l reliant on temporary guest workers
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usin the H-2A visa to fill the aps in the workforce. Startin around 2012, requests
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for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural
work, which is limited to 66,000 a ear. Even so, emplo ers complain the aren't
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iven all the workers the need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and
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unreliable. One surve found that bureaucratic dela s led the avera e H-2A worker to
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arrive on the job 22 da s late. The shorta e is compounded b federal immigration
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raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.
In a 2012 surve , 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent ofraisin
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and berry growers said the were short of labor. Some western farmers have
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responded b movin operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the
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fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of
i orts was 25.8 percent.
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In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
英语（二）试题 . 7 . (共 14 页）31.What problem should be addressed accordin to the first two paragraphs?
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[A] Discrimination a ainst foreign workers in the U.S.
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[B] Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
[C] Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
[D] Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.
32.One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .
[A] the risin number of ille al immigrants
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[B] the hi h mobility of crop workers
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[C] the lack of experienced laborers
[D] the a in of immigrant farm workers
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33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shorta e in U.S. farmin ?
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[A] To attract youn er laborers to farm work.
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[B] To et native U.S. workers back to farmin .
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[C] To use more robots to grow hi h-value crops.
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[D] To stren then financial support for farmers.
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34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .
[A] slow grantin procedures
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[B] limit on duration of stay
[C] ti htened requirements
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[D] control of annual adm1ss10ns
35. Which of the followin could be the best title for this text?
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[A] U.S. A riculture in Decline?
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[B] Import Food or Labor?
[C] America Saved by Mexico?
[D] Manpower vs. Automation?
英语（二）试题 . 8 . (共 14 页）Text4
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for ou:
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It's eas to beat plastic. The 're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video
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for World Environment Da encouraging ou, the consumer, to swap out our
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single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.
The ke messages that have been put together for World Envirornnent Da do
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include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the
overarching message is directed at individuals.
M concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of
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what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or
quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us.
The could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever
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progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions a kind of "moral licensing"
that alla s our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
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While the conversation around our envirornnent and our responsibility toward it
remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power
that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainabl , rather than as "citizens"
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hold our governments and industries to account to push for real s stemic change.
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It's important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's priorit or
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even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book, Wh Good
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People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesle College professor Elizabeth R.
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DeSombre argues that the best wa to collectivel change the behavior of large
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numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing polic such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to
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environmentall problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India
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has just announced it will "eliminate all single-use plastic in the country b 2022."
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There are also incentive-based wa s of making better environmental choices easier,
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such as ensuring rec cling is at least as eas as trash disposal.
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DeSombre isn't sa ing people should stop caring about the environment. It's just
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that individual actions are too slow, she sa s, for that to be the onl , or even primary,
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approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things into
perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape
collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens
pushing for change.
英语（二）试题 . 9 . (共 14 页）36.Some celebrities star in a new video to
[A] demand new laws on the use of plastics
[B] ur e consumers to cut the use of plastics
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[C] invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
[D] disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
3 7. The author is concerned that "moral licensin " ma .
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[A] mislead us into doin worthless thin s
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[B] prevent us from makin further efforts
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[C] weaken our sense of accomplishment
[D] suppress our desire for success
38. B pointin out our identity "citizens", the author indicates that .
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[A] our focus should be shifted to community welfare
[B] our relationship with local industries is improvin
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[C] we have been activel exercisin our civil ri hts
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[D] we should press our overnment to lead the combat
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39.DeSombre argues that the best wa for a collective chan e should be .
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[A] a win-win arran ement
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[B] a self-driven mechanism
[C] a cost-effective approach
[D] a top-down process
40.The author concludes that individual efforts
[A] can be too a ressive
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[B] can be too inconsistent
[C] are far from sufficient
[D] are far from rational
英语（二）试题 . 10 . (共 14 页）PartB
Directions:
Read the followin text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to
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its co espondin information in the ri ht column. There are two extra choices in the
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ri ht column. Mark our answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
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In choosin a new home, Camille McClain's kids have a sin le demand: a
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backyard.
McClain's little ones aren't the onl kids who have an opinion when it comes to
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housin , and in man cases oun sters' views wei h heavil on parents' real estate
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decisions, accordin to a 2018 Harris Poll surve of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.
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While more families buck an older- eneration proclivity to leave kids in the dark
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about real estate decisions, realty a ents and ps cholo ists have mixed views about
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the financial, personal and lon -term effects kids'opinions ma have.
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The idea of involvin children in a bi decision is a great idea because it can
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help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelmin
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process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical ps cholo ist in Chica o.
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"Children ma face serious difficulties in copin with significant moves,
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especiall if it removes them from their current school or support s stem," he said.
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Gre Jaroszewski, real estate broker with Ga liardo Realty Associates, said he's
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not convinced that kids should be involved in selectin a home but their opinions
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should be considered in re ards to proximity to friends and social activities, if
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possible.
Youn er children should feel like the 're choosin their home without actuall
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ettin a choice in the matter, said Adam Baile , real estate attorne based in New
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York.
Askin them questions about what the like about the back ard of a potential
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home will make them feel like the 're bein included in the decision-makin process,
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Baile said.
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Man of the aspects of homebu in aren't a consideration for children, said
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Trace Hampson, a real estate a ent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placin too
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much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.
"Speakin with our children before ou make a real estate decision is wise,
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but I wouldn't base the purchasin decision solel on their opinions." Hampson said.
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The other issue is that man children especiall older ones ma base their real
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英语（二）试题 . 11 . (共 14 页）state knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Grou in Riverside,
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Calif.
"The love Chi and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us," he said.
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"HGTV has seriousl changed how eo le view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a
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lifest le. With that mindset change come some serious mone consequences."
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Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them
ersonall , Norris said.
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Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires ma change
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over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate anal st with FitSmallBusiness.com.
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"Their o inions can change tomorrow," Gurner said. "Harsh as it ma be to sa ,
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that decision should likel not be made contingent on a child's o inions, but rather
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made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and
give them an o ortunit to customize it a bit and make it their own."
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This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more arents want to
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embrace the ideas of their children, des ite the cu enthousing crunch.
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[A] remarks that significant moves ma ose challenges to
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children.
41.R an Hoo er [B] sa s that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate
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decisions.
42.Adam Baile [C] advises that home urchases should not be based onl on
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children's o inions.
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43.Trace Ham son [D] thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in
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homebu ing decisions.
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[E] notes that as ects like children's friends and social activities
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44.Aaron Norris
should be considered u on homebu ing.
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[F] believes that homebu ing decisions should be based on
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45. Julie Gurner
children's needs rather than their o inions.
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[G] assumes that man children's views on real estate are
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influenced b the media.
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英语（二）试题 . 12 . (共 14 页）Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the followin text into Chinese. Write our translation on the ANSWER
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SHEET. (15 points)
It is eas to underestimate En lish writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant,
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readable style that one mi ht think that an one could imitate it. How man times
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have I heard people sa , "I could write a book. I just haven't the time." Easil said.
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Not so easil done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it eas in
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his earl da s of, as he put it, "havin a o at the writin ame". While he obviousl
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had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he ave to the world
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was the result of ears of practicin , re-writin and readin . Like the majority of
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authors, he had to suffer man disappointments and rejections alon the wa , but
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these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everythin he achieved in life
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was earned the hard wa and his success in the literary field was no exception.
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英语（二）试题 . 13 . (共 14 页）Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.
Write him an email to
1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
2) tell him about your arrangements.
You should write about words on the ANSWER SHEET.
100
Do not use your one name. Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
PartB
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about words on the ANSWER SHEET. points)
150 (15
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
圈2013年
50.0%
迈 2018年
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
L0.0%
0.0%
就业 升学 创业
某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计
英语（二）试题 . 14 . (共 14 页）
