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考向 52 阅读理解
点式与网式细节理解题的突破策略
【策略学习】
点式细节理解
点式细节理解题答案可以在原文中找到，考生一般可以通过读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，
此类题属于低层次题。解答点式细节理解题，采取“先题后文，题干定位法”，即从问题中抓关键词(题眼)，
运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词或与关键信息相关的段落，仔细推敲，最后确
定答案。
策略1：3步全取直接细节题
直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话
的信息。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket
information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections
between trains or between train services and bus services.
21．What would you do to get ticket information?
A．Call 13 16 17.
B．Visit translink.com.au.
C．Ask at the local station.
D．Check the train schedule.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：ticket information
·第二步 定位到原文：在原文中定位原词 ticket information，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“For ticketinformation，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。
·第三步 比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。
策略2：4种特征直取间接细节题
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得
出结论。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers，
spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders，”Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：astonished
·第二步 定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词 astonished定位文中的“We were so amazed that
they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词 。
·第三步 比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。
策略3：“加减乘除”破解数字计算题
数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、
乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。【典例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)
Visitor Information
How__to__Get__to__Holker
By Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6.Approximate travel times：Windermere—20 minutes，Kendal—
25 minutes，Lancaster—45 minutes，Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail：The nearest station is Cark－in－Cartmel with trains to Carnforth，Lancaster and Preston for connections to
major cities & airports.
Opening__Times
Sunday－Friday (closed on Saturday ) 11：00 am－4：00pm，30th March－2nd November.
Admission__Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults： ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50
22．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A．￡12.00. B．￡ 9.00.
C．￡8.00. D．￡ 5.50.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：Hall & Gardens
·第二步 定位到原文：利用原文数据和题干数据关系确定答案，有Admission Charges及Groups：
￡9.00 ￡5.50的内容可直接得出答案。
·第三步 比对选项：团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人是9英镑。
网式细节理解题网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定要不厌其烦，题目涉
及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。
策略1：3步搞定正误判断题
【典例】 (2015·浙江卷阅读A)
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl，who had just come to us from a school where
she had had a very hard time，looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then，still looking at me，she
said slowly and seriously，“Mr.Holt，do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously，“I mean every word of
it.”
During the spring she really astonished me.One day，she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I
thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself，“It can’t be，”and went to take a closer look.Sure enough，she
was reading Moby Dick，in the edition with woodcuts.I said，“Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She
answered，“Oh，sure，but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
44．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
【分析】
·第一步 分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。
·第二步 确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I said，‘Don’t you find parts of it...the
next good part.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。
·第三步 逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择
容易理解的部分来阅读。故A项错误，选C项。
策略2：“耐心”敲定多细节理解题
对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原
文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Some parents will buy any high－tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children
with math－related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，
found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be
a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents’ income，education and the amount
of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found
children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months
of age.
24．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A．Building confidence.
B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning self－control.
D．Gaining high－tech knowledge.
【分析】
·第一步 分析题干：根据题干定位到children benefit from puzzle play。
·第二步 一一比对信息源：由第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine...spatial skills.” 及第三段内容的信息源，
不厌其烦，一一比对。
·第三步 综合概括：孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。
【检测训练】
1
Future City Competition
Future City starts with a question—how can we make the world a better place? To answer it, 10th, 11th, and 12th
grade students imagine, research, design, and build cities of the future that showcase their solution to a citywide
sustainability issue. Past topics include Urban Agriculture, Public spaces, and Green energy while the topic of this year isLiving on the Moon. Teams will design a futuristic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses Moon resources
to keep its residents safe and healthy.
Participants complete five deliverables: a 1,500-word city essay: a scale model; a project plan; a presentation video;
and a virtual/online Q&A session with /judges. Regional winners represent their region at the international Finals. After
completing Future City, student participants are not only prepared to be citizens of today’s complex and technical world,
but also ready to become the drivers of tomorrow.
What you can learn
This flexible, cross-curricular(跨课程的) educational program gives students an opportunity to do the things that
engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions; test, retest and build; and share their results. With
this at its center, Future City is an engaging way to build students’ 21st century skills. Students participating in Future
City also learn how their communities work and become better citizens and develop strong time management and project
management skills.
What you need
Future City costs just $25 per organization—and you can register I team or 100. The price always stays the same.
We keep the price affordable so everyone can participate. Not only that, we limit the budget for materials for the
City Model and City Presentation to $100 and encourage teams to use recycled materials. You don’t need expensive
equipment to excel. Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get ahead.
Please note: Some regions limit the number of teams an organization can bring to the Regional Competition. Please
check with your Regional Coordinator to find out the guidelines in your region.
1. In Future City Competition 2021, students need to ________.
A. complete more than five taskes
B. design a city with green energy
C. address problems on the moon
D. make use of lunar resources
2. What lies at the core of Future City Competition?
A. Designing cities.
B. Identifying problems.
C. Training better citizens
D. Engineering design process
3. If you want to succeed in the competition, you need ________.
A. to be creative and devoted.
B. to use the recycled materials.C. to buy some expensive equipment.
D. to ask more people to join in your team.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“未来城市竞赛”这一活动的相关内容和参加这一项目需要注意的事项。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Teams will design a futuristic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses
Moon resources to keep its residents safe and healthy.（团队将设计一个未来的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球
资源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在 2021年未来城市竞赛中，学生需要利用到月球资源。
故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据 What you can learn 部分的“This flexible, cross-curricular(跨课程的) educational program
gives students an opportunity to do the things that engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions;
test, retest and build; and share their results. With this at its center, Future City is an engaging way to build students’ 21st
century skills.（这种灵活的、跨课程的教育计划让学生有机会做工程师所做的事情——发现问题：头脑风暴；
设计解决方案；测试、再测试和构建；并分享他们的成果。以这为中心，未来城市是培养学生 21世纪技能的一
种引人入胜的方式。）”可知，未来城市竞赛的核心是工程设计过程。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据What you need部分的第二段“Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get
ahead.（创造力、努力工作和承诺是你获得成功所需要的一切。）”可知，如果想要在竞赛中获得成功，就需要
富有创造力并且努力投入工作。故选A项。
2
Is there a strange something high up in the world’s tallest mountains? If so, is it a big bear? Is it a monkey? Or is it a
kind of man? No one knows. This mystery has puzzled the world for years.
In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow. They looked like the footsteps of a very large man.
But men don’t walk without shoes in the snow!
In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps. He saw a very large animal standing on two legs. As he watched, it
ran away very quickly. Fifteen years later, a newspaper had new stories about the “something”. A mountain climber said
he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said it looked like a very large man.
From then on, more and more people had stories to tell. But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the
pictures of large footsteps. The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a
monkey. Could it be an apeman (猿人)? And the mystery keeps growing. Some day, we may find out just what it is that
makes the largest footsteps.
4. The passage is about ________.
A. some mountain climbersB. some strange animals
C. the snow
D. the mystery of the large footsteps
5. Why were people interested in footsteps?
A. Because they were the footsteps of a large bear.
B. Because they looked like the footsteps of a large man.
C. Because they were found in the snow.
D. Because they were found in the mountains.
6. Why did the mystery grow when a mountain climber brought back pictures of large footsteps?
A. They were the footsteps of an apeman.
B. They were the footsteps of a snowman.
C. The pictures showed clearly how the snowman walked.
D. People still don’t know who made the footsteps.
7. Which is the best title?
A. Snow B. The large footsteps
C. A big bear D. Monkey
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天
依然是未解之谜。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887年，一位登山
者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者
看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.”（有
一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上
发现的巨大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。故选D。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段“A mountain climber said he had seen the “snowman” walk slowly in the snow. He said
it looked like a very large man.”（一位登山者说，他看到“雪人”在雪地里慢慢地走。 他说它看起来像一个非常
高大的人）可知人们会对脚印感兴趣是因为它们看起来像一个巨大的人的脚印。故选B。
6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But not until 1951 did a mountain climber bring back the pictures of large footsteps.
The pictures showed clearly that the snowman walked on two legs. So it was not a bear or a monkey. Could it be an
apeman (猿人)? And the mystery keeps growing.”（但直到1951年，一位登山者才带回了大脚印的照片。 图片清
楚地显示了雪人用两条腿走路。 所以不是熊或猴子。 会是猿人吗? 谜团还在继续）可推知当一名登山者带回
巨大脚印的照片时，这个谜团变得更加神秘是因为人们仍然不知道是谁留下了这些脚印。故选D。7. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In 1887, a mountain climber found large footsteps in the snow.”（1887年，一位登山
者在雪地里发现了巨大的脚印）和第三段“In 1906, another climber saw more footsteps”（1906年，另一名登山者
看到了更多的脚印）以及最后一段“Some day, we may find out just what it is that makes the largest footsteps.”（有
一天，我们会发现是什么制造了这些大脚印）结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了人们在世界上最高的山上
发现的大脚印来自于什么动物，直到今天依然是未解之谜。这篇文章最好的题目是“巨大的脚印”。故选B。
3
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn't long for a favorite Chinese dish?
But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is
becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of “tonic (滋补品) food”.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one's well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the
custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil (芝麻油) hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was
believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the
body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as being "hot", while others, such as Chinese cabbage and
radish, are seen as being "cold". One should be careful not to eat too much of either "hot" or "cold" food. However, how
much "hot" or "cold" food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared, what it is prepared
with, and the individual's health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal
medicines, such as wolfberry (枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a tonic
addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers
with a serving of pig's brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic food you were
looking for.
8. What is the present situation of tonic food?
A. It is catching less attention.
B. It is well known worldwide.
C. It is becoming increasingly popular.
D. It is enjoyed by many young people.
9. What is believed to benefit new mothers?
A. Chinese cabbage. B. Fruit tea. C. Sesame oil hot pot. D. Pig's brain soup.
10. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Charm of Chinese Cuisine.B. The Popularity of Tonic Food.
C. An Introduction to Chinese Tonic Food.
D. Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章从定义、好处、作用和影响等方面介绍了中国食补。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost
unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of “tonic
(滋补品) food”.(但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念——古老的“食补”习俗，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻，而
在东方也越来越被年轻人忽视)”可知，滋补品的现状是正在很少被关注。故选A。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame
oil (芝麻油) hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the
muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body.(例如，在过去的习俗中，新妈妈在
生完孩子后的第一个月每天都要吃麻油火锅。人们认为这道菜有益于肌肉，减轻疼痛，改善循环，刺激出汗，
温暖身体)”可知，麻油火锅对新妈妈有益。故选C。
10. 标题判断题。根据第一段第三句But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost
unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East-the ancient custom of
“tonic(滋补品) food”.(但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念——古老的“食补”习俗，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻，
而在东方也越来越被年轻人忽视)”，第二段第一句“Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one's well-
being or avoid sickness. (食补是指为增进健康或避免疾病而食用的食物)”，第三段第一句“The custom of
employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry.(以食补养生的习俗也影响着饮食业)”和
最后一段“So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental
powers with a serving of pig's brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic food you
were looking for.(所以，无论你是需要大喝鸡汤来增强体力，还是用猪脑汤来增强你的脑力，你都会发现古老的
中国食补习俗可能就是你在寻找的食补食物)”可知，文章主要是介绍中国的滋补食物。所以C选项（中国食补
概论）是最好的标题。故选C。
4
Sawyer Current’s first visit to Isla Mujeres, a small island off the coast of Cancun, Mexico, was meant to be a
getaway. But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches, Current was disappointed at the number of unwanted animals
wandering the streets. “Dogs were everywhere, coming out of the bushes and along the sides of the road,” she recalls of
that trip 25 years ago. “They were dirty and covered with fleas and scars.” “It was sad,” she says. “I just couldn’t stand to
watch it.”Current decided to help fix it. She built a second home on Isla Mujeres in 2000, and beginning with a skinny,
toothless cat she rescued from the streets, she went on to find homes for more than 2,000 dogs and cats. Today, thanks to
Current’s efforts, the island no longer has a wild-dog problem, and “people are more aware of their pets’ needs,” says
Marcelino Velazquez, 34, a property manager from Isla Mujeres. “They vaccinate them and don’t abandon them on the
streets. The way of thinking has changed.”
For Current, it was a hard-fought transformation. “At first I was angry and thought it was horrible,” Current says of
the conditions on the island when she began her work. “But these weren’t bad people. They were people without
resources.” When she first arrived, the community had no small-animal vet, and animal control consisted of a team of
government workers who’d round up street dogs in a truck and kill them. “I used to follow the truck, and when they’d go
for lunch, I’d let the dogs out,” she says. “One time I let the air out of their tires.”
At one point she was caring for more than 65 rescued dogs in her home, and she estimates she has spent about $1
million of her own savings on her efforts. “It was exhausting,” she admits. Now Isla Animals has an on-site shelter with a
small staff, and many volunteers and donors among the island’s tourists. Each year the group re-homes more than 170
pets, many of which fly with volunteers to families in the U.S. and Canada.
“There’s nothing in the world like finding a starving dog, nursing it back to good health and finding it a loving
home,” Current says.
11. What made Current feel disappointed with the island?
A. Insects biting people. B. People without resources.
C. Houses in poor conditions. D. Animals abandoned in the streets.
12. Why did Current follow the truck and let the air out of its tires?
A. To show the local people how to solve their problems.
B. To draw public attention to what she was doing.
C. To stop the workers from killing the animals.
D. To help the government punish bad people.
13. Which of the following words can best describe Current?
A. Loving. B. Ambitious. C. Intelligent. D. Cautious.
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sawyer Current在一个小岛Isla Mujeres度假时，看到很多流浪动物，感
到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。
11. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches, Current was disappointed at the
number of unwanted animals wandering the streets.(但是，Current并没有在白色的沙滩上放松，而是对流浪动物的数量感到失望)”可知，动物被遗弃在街道上，这让Current对这个岛感到失望。故选D。
12. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When she first arrived, the community had no small-animal vet, and animal control
consisted of a team of government workers who’d round up street dogs in a truck and kill them. “I used to follow the
truck, and when they’d go for lunch, I’d let the dogs out,” she says. “One time I let the air out of their tires.”(她刚来的时
候，这个社区没有小动物兽医，动物控制中心由一组政府工作人员组成，他们用卡车把流浪狗围捕并杀死。她
说：“我过去常常跟着卡车，当他们去吃午饭时，我就把狗放出来，有一次我把他们轮胎的气给放了。”)”可
知，Current会跟在卡车后面把轮胎放气，是为了阻止工人杀死动物。故选C。
13. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““There’s nothing in the world like finding a starving dog, nursing it back to good
health and finding it a loving home,” Current says.(Current说：“世界上没有什么比找到一只饥饿的狗，照顾它恢
复健康，给它找到一个充满爱的家更好的了。”)”结合文章讲述了Sawyer Current在一个小岛Isla Mujeres度假
时，看到很多流浪动物，感到失望，于是开始致力于救助这些流浪动物的故事。可推知，Current是个有爱心的
人。故选A。
5
My Biggest Challenge
As a writer on an adventure sports magazine, I’d always fought shy of doing the adventurous stuff myself,
preferring instead to observe the experts from a safe distance and relay their experiences to readers in the form of written
language. Thus, when I was challenged to take part in a mountain climb in aid of raising money for charity — and to
write about it afterwards — I was unwilling, to say the least.
I was lucky enough to have a brilliant climbing coach called Keith, who put me through my paces after my daily
work. He gave me knowledge about everything from the importance of building muscle groups to how to avoid tiredness
through nutrition. It quickly became apparent that the mechanics of climbing were more complex than I had imagined.
There was the equipment and techniques I’d never even heard of, all of which would come in handy on the snow-capped
peak I’d be climbing.
Aware of the challenge, Keith made a detailed action plan and I forced myself to stick to it, doing a daily workout at
the gym and going on hikes with a heavy pack. I perfected my technique on the climbing wall and even went to climb the
mountains to get vital experience. My self-belief increased alongside my muscle power and I became confident about
finishing the climb.
All too soon I was on a plane to my destination. On that day, when I looked up at the mountain, I thought of
abandoning it. But then I remembered all the hard work I’d done and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up at the
last minute-not to mention letting down the charity and the sense of failure I’d experience myself. With a deep breath I
gathered my equipment and headed out into the sunshine to meet the rest of the group.And as I sit here now, tapping away on my laptop, I’m amazed at the details in which I can recall every second of
the climb: the burning muscles, the tiredness, the minor problems along the way. Could I have been better prepared?
Possibly. Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not. The feeling of being excited when I stood on top of the world
is a never-to-be-repeated experience but one I will enjoy forever nevertheless.
14. At the beginning of the activity, the author revealed his ______.
A. disappointment in the coming adventure.
B. expectation of writing about his experience.
C. lack of enthusiasm for the challenge he’d been offered.
D. curiosity about taking part in the mountain climb for charity.
15. What did the author realise during his climb training?
A. The knowledge about climbing was really confusing.
B. The equipment was the key factor to reach the peak.
C. Climbing was much more complicated than expected.
D. Hard training was far more important than making plans.
16. How did the author feel after he succeeded in climbing the mountain?
A. He was relieved that he wouldn’t have to do it again.
B. He was well satisfied that he had done his best for it.
C. He was surprised that he had managed to complete it.
D. He was regretful that it wasn’t as smooth as imagined.
【答案】14. C 15. C 16. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者被要求参加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，内心很不情愿。在经过训练后，作者
成功爬上了山顶，作者很兴奋，但依然庆幸自己以后再也不用爬山了。
14. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thus, when I was challenged to take part in a mountain climb in aid of
raising money for charity — and to write about it afterwards — I was unwilling, to say the least. (因此，当我被要求参
加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，并在活动结束后将其写下来时，至少可以说，我是不愿意的)”可知，在活动一
开始，作者就表现出了对所接受的挑战缺乏热情。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“It quickly became apparent that the mechanics of climbing were more complex
than I had imagined. (很快我就发现攀岩的技巧比我想象的要复杂得多)”可知，在他的攀岩训练中，作者意识到攀
岩比预想的要复杂得多。故选C。
16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not. The feeling of being
excited when I stood on top of the world is a never-to-be-repeated experience but one I will enjoy forever nevertheless.
(我会再来一次吗？值得庆幸的是没有。当我站在世界之巅时那种兴奋的感觉是一种永远不会重复的经历，但我将永远享受这种感觉)”可知，成功地爬上了那座山后，作者很欣慰他不用再这样做了。故选A。
6
We often hear friends ask why they should read fiction. There is so much to learn from history, from what is going
on at the frontiers of science, and from contemporary studies of human behavior. Why should they spend their scarce
"free time" reading fiction, the purpose of which, at best, is only entertainment?
We are disappointed about such comments. Yes, we respond, we do find pleasure in reading fiction. But we also
learn much about how to best live our lives in ways that can only be captured by fiction. We recognize that some novels
are entertaining, but leave no lasting impression. What makes a novel more than entertainment?
Our answer is that we don't just read great books - they read us as well. The human condition is complex and
contradictory, layered like an ice-cream dessert, with flavors mixed among the layers. A great novel reflects that
complexity. We may read it several times, as we do with our favorites, and each time it is like finding an old friend and
gaining new insights from that friend. We put it down with new understandings of the world around us and, most
important, of ourselves.
Let's look at the novel Frankenstein, written in 1818 by Mary Shelley. Frankenstein is not the monster, but a young
man seeking out the secrets of the universe. He collects body parts and charges it with life. When the dull yellow eyes
open, however, Frankenstein, shocked by what he has done, abandons the creature, which ultimately kills Frankenstein's
brother, his bride, and his best friend.
On one level, Frankenstein is entertaining - a good horror story, though a little dated. But Shelley writes more than
just that. On a deeper level, her book forces us to ask whether humans reach too far to gain knowledge that is as
forbidden as the fruit of the Garden of Eden. This theme, as old as the legend of Prometheus （普罗米修斯），
dominates Frankenstein. Shelley, of course, knew nothing of genetic （遗传的）engineering that happens today. She
was deeply troubled by what human beings might discover about themselves, and the effects of those discoveries on
society. Our reading of great literature can also be enriched by understanding the author's personal interests and
anxieties.
17. How does the author feel about fiction reading?
A. It is a window to a whole new world.
B. It helps us discover the frontiers of science.
C. It offers insight into how to live best lives.
D. It holds some clues to understanding our memory.
18. Why does the author say great books read us as well?
A. Because they deserve reading several times.B. Because they lead us to a rich and colorful life.
C. Because they explore humans' complex reality.
D. Because they improve the writer-reader relationship.
19. What do we know about the novel Frankenstein!
A. It is based on a grand theme.
B. It is a record of a historic event.
C. It is merely a great horror story.
D. It is about the legend of Prometheus.
20. What is the best title of the text?
A. Why should we read fiction?
B. Can novel reading last long?
C. Read for fun or read for none?
D. Is Frankenstein really entertaining?
【答案】17. C 18. C 19. A 20. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为什么要读小说，以及小说带来的好处。
17. 细节理解题。根据文章“we also learn much about how to best live our lives in ways that can only be captured by
fiction.（我们也学到了很多关于如何以只有小说才能捕捉到的方式最好地生活的知识。）”可知，此处想要表
示读小说提供了如何过上最好生活的见解。故选C项。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章“we don't just read great books - they read us as well. The human condition is complex
and contradictory, layered like an ice-cream dessert, with flavors mixed among the layers. A great novel reflects that
complexity.（我们不只是阅读伟大的书籍-他们也阅读我们。人类的情况是复杂而矛盾的，像冰淇淋甜点一样分
层，层层之间混合着各种味道。一部伟大的小说反映了这种复杂性。）”可知，伟大的书探索了复杂的现实。
故选C项。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章“On a deeper level, her book forces us to ask whether humans reach too far to gain
knowledge that is as forbidden as the fruit of the Garden of Eden. This theme, as old as the legend of Prometheus，
dominates Frankenstein.（在更深的层面上，她的书迫使我们去问，人类是否达到了太远的程度而无法获得像伊
甸园的果实那样被禁止的知识。这个主题，就像普罗米修斯的传说一样古老，支配着弗兰肯斯坦）”可知，此
处表示小说《弗兰肯斯坦》有更深层次的意义，这个主题，像普罗米修斯的传说一样古老，可推知，这本书是
基于一个宏大的主题。故选A项。
20. 主旨大意题。根据文章首段“We often hear friends ask why they should read fiction.（我们经常听到朋友问他
们为什么要读小说。）”以及下文“Why should they spend their scarce "free time" reading fiction, the purpose ofwhich, at best, is only entertainment?（他们为什么要把自己稀缺的“空闲时间”花在阅读小说上，而小说的目的
充其量只是娱乐？）”可知，此处想要讨论的是我们为什么要读小说。故选A项。
7
When buying suitable plants for my garden, I would read the label carefully, which contains critical information that
can tell me whether the plant is likely to work for me.
The label tells me the plant's name, including both a common name, which is easy to remember, and a botanical
name, which is more precise and reliable. The botanical name is very useful as it's the key to finding more information
about the plant.
The label also states the plant's light needs. They can tell me that the plant needs full sun, full shade or part sun,
which are somewhere in between.
I will also find information about how much winter cold the plant can handle. This is usually expressed in terms of
the zones on a plant hardiness (耐寒性) map. My Chicago home is generally in Zone 5, with a few spots near the lake in
Zone 6. It's safe to buy plants that are hardy in Zone 5 or the colder Zones 4 and 3. Some labels only show a temperature,
such as 10 degrees below zero, which is the coldest air temperature the plant is believed to be able to survive.
As an experienced gardener, I never forget to learn about the plant's size from the label. It tells me how tall and
wide the plant will eventually grow to be. This is especially critical information if I am shopping for trees because just
five or ten years later, that plant can outgrow its site.
There's a lot that plant labels don't tell me, for example, the soil a plant needs. Fortunately, I have a handy tool to
learn more: my phone. A quick search for the plant 's botanical name can bring me a wealth of information beyond the
label.
21. Why is a plant's botanical name important?
A. It's easy to remember.
B. It sounds formal and reliable.
C. It helps to understand the label.
D. It can be used to search for more information.
22. From the text we can see ________ suits the author's garden.
A. a plant that is tall and wide
B. a plant that is hardy in Zone 5
C. a plant that requires full sunshine
D. a plant that can survive at 10 degrees below zero
23. Where does the author get information about a plant’s suitable soil?
A. From the label.B. From the Internet.
C. From a plant hardiness map.
D. From an experienced gardener.
24. Which word can best describe the author?
A. Thoughtful B. Curious. C. Determined. D. Particular.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者在为自己家的花园选择植物时会从标签上获得一些有用的信息。
21. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The botanical name is very useful as it's the key to finding more information
about the plant.”（这个植物学名称非常有用，因为它是找到关于该植物更多信息的关键。）可知，一株植物的
植物学名称非常重要因为它可以用来搜索更多的信息。故选D。
22. 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句和第四句“My Chicago home is generally in Zone 5, with a few spots near the
lake in Zone 6. It's safe to buy plants that are hardy in Zone 5 or the colder Zones 4 and 3.”（我在芝加哥的家一般在第
5区，在第6区有一些靠近湖的地方。在5区或寒冷的4区和3区购买耐寒的植物是安全的。）可知，5区耐寒
的植物适合作者的花园。故选B。
23. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There's a lot that plant labels don't tell me, for example, the soil a plant needs.
Fortunately, I have a handy tool to learn more: my phone. A quick search for the plant 's botanical name can bring me a
wealth of information beyond the label.”（有很多东西植物标签没有告诉我，例如，植物需要的土壤。幸运的是，
我有一个方便的工具来学习更多：我的手机。快速搜索一种植物的植物学名称可以给我带来丰富的标签以外的
信息。）可知，作者从网上得知一株植物适合的土壤。故选B。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段“When buying suitable plants for my garden, I would read the label carefully, which
contains critical information that can tell me whether the plant is likely to work for me.”（在购买适合我的花园的植物
时，我会仔细阅读标签，其中包含了重要的信息，可以告诉我这种植物是否适合我。）可知，作者是一个细致
周到的人。故选A。
