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重难语法 02 形容词副词、情态动词
目录
题型综述.............................................................................................................................................2
解题攻略.............................................................................................................................................2
考点01 形容词副词....................................................................................................................3
考点02 情态动词........................................................................................................................5
高考练场...........................................................................................................................................15高考英语语法填空中，形容词、副词和情态动词是重要的语法考点。这些考点不仅涉及基本的词法和
句法知识，还要求考生结合语境灵活运用。以下是这些语法点的主要考点概述：
形容词和副词的基本用法
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词的词类转换
常见情态动词的基本用法
情态动词 + have done 的用法
一、 形容词副词级别
01 基本用法
1. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态，在句中一般作定语、表语或宾语补
足语等。
Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. (作定语)
English is compulsory for Chinese students. (作表语)
Please keep the door open. (作宾补)
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频
率等，在句中主要作状语。
Please write slowly and carefully. (修饰动词)
Mary and Jane are quite different. (修饰形容词)
He spoke too quickly to understand. (修饰副词)
He is badly in need of money. (修饰介词短语)
Generally , it’s a book worth reading. (修饰句子)
2. 形容词和副词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上人或事物之间的
比较。比较的对象应为同类，且不能相互包容，常用结构为“比较级＋than＋比较对象”，“the＋最高级
＋比较范围”。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
Allan is the second tallest player in the team.
Lucy runs faster than Lily.
02 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成1：规则变化
例词
构 成
原级 比较级 最高级
small smaller smallest
单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est great greater greatest
hard harder hardest
fine finer finest
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双
cute cuter cutest
音节词加-r和-st
able abler ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的 fat fatter fattest
词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
easy easier easiest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er
happy happier happiest
和-est
early earlier earliest
clever cleverer cleverest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est
narrow narrower narrowest
careful more careful most careful
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在
popular more popular most popular
前面加more和most
efficiently More efficiently most efficiently
2：不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good,well better best
bad,ill worse worst
many,much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3：形容词和副词比较等级常见句式
项 目 例 句
She is as tall as her mother.
as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…”
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……”
I have never seen a more interesting film.
less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……” This room is less beautiful than that one.
the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……” The harder you work,the more progress you willmake.
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 I have never spent a more worrying day.
more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……” He is more shy than unfriendly.
以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。 The book is superior to that one I just finished
如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等 reading.
This book is no more interesting than that
no+比较级+than两者都不
once.
The+比较级+of the two两者中较为…… the older of the two
03 形容词、副词的倍数表达法
(1)... 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...
The big box is four times as heavy as the small one. 大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。
(2)... 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...
The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆轿车跑得比那辆卡车快两倍。
(3)... 倍数＋the＋度量衡名词＋of...
The newly built square is four times the size of the previous one. 新建的广场是之前的四倍大。
(4)... 倍数＋what从句
Cotton output is now ten times what it was ten years ago. 目前棉花产量是十年前的十倍。
(5)... 倍数＋that/those of...
In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January. 这个车间七月的产量是一月的3.5倍。
04 形容词作定语的位置
形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定
nobody absent,everything possible
代词时
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰 the best book available,the only solution
的名词之后 possible
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置 the only person awake
和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with二、 情态动词
考法1 考查情态动词的基本用法
对于情态动词,通常是在具体的语境(尤其是对话)中考查其基本含义。个别高频情态动词在特殊语境下的特
殊含义(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟然”,shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等)
是高考的热点和难点。常见情态动词的基本用法是高考考查的重点。
例题：
1．Some scientific evidence suggests musical training before the age of seven ________ have a significant
impact on the brain's development.
答案：can 句意为：一些科学证据表明人在七岁以前的音乐训练对大脑的发育可能有重要影响。can
表示可能性。
考法2 考查“情态动词+have done”的用法
“情态动词+have done”用法是高考的难点,主要是给出动词,让考生根据语境选择适当的情态动词填空,既可
能考查情态动词的使用,也可能考查动词过去分词的形式。
例题：
I ________ have passed my examination easily, but I made too many stupid mistakes.
答案：could/would/might 句意为：我本能很轻松地通过考试，但我犯了很多愚蠢的错误。与过去事实相
反，主句用would/could/might/have done。
考法3 考查虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气主要会在语篇填空或短文改错题目中出现,同时if的省略所产生的倒装现象也是常考的语法点。考
生要根据上下文语境来揣摩句子的语气,同时注意if引导的非真实条件句中省略if引起倒装的语法现象。
(1)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时,从句或主句中动词的形式。
(2)虚拟语气在with,without,but for,under,or等构成的结构代替条件状语从句时的用法。
(3)wish后的宾语从句,表示建议、愿望、命令等的动词或名词后的名词性从句以及 as if/as though引导的从
句中虚拟语气的用法。例题：
2..I couldn't________ (go) through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help.
答案 have gone [句意：要不是老师慷慨而及时的帮助，我不可能熬过那段艰难的岁月。根据句意可知设
空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为have gone。本句中的but for相当于if it hadn't been for...。]
3．I was ill that day, otherwise I would ________ (take) part in the sports meet.
答案 have taken [句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。根据语境可推知设空处为与过去事实相
反的虚拟语气，故答案为have taken。]
4．The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we ________ (reflect) on
ourselves.
答案 reflected/should reflect [句意：全国范围内的雾霾在不断提醒我们是时候反思自己了。由“it is high
time sb. did/should do sth.”可知填reflected/should reflect。]
一、单句语法填空
1．People who have benefited from good behaviour are (likely) to do something nice for someone
else later on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．According to some reports, this satellite and other US spy satellites have the technology to take even
(sharp) images, with a resolution of up to around 4 inches (10cm). (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．The evening is the (blessed) time of the day. Take this time to enjoy the happy times with friends
and family. Have a laughter-filled evening. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．The tribes are working to build a (big) museum that will be closer to U.S. Highway 93. It’s a push
to share their history with more people. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to decide which of the two courses could be
(appropriate). (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
8．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has
(attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．The students were even (confused) but started the test by then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the
(unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore because we knew that our teachers
worked (hard) than we did. (所给词的适当形式填空)12．After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working (well). (所给词的
适当形式填空)
13．The principles we are finding in the fruit fly(果蝇)brain-the logic and organization- be the same as
those in human brains. (用适当的词填空)
14．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no
weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空)
15．At the same time, live, detailed maps of Earth’s surface aid humanity in amazing ways. (用适当的
词填空)
16．If you don’t know the names of certain people, you be able to ask older relatives, thereby
involving them in your research. (用适当的词填空)
17．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put
a chemical preservative in it. (用适当的词填空)
18．Whisper Camel-Means, the tribes division manager for the wildlife refuge, said under the Fish and Wildlife
Service supervision, the exhibits there previously used a different tribes’ word for bison, which they not
accept. (用适当的词填空)
19．How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We react to them like evils of selfishness or like
heroes of love. (用适当的词填空)
20．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She not have spoken at the meeting. (用适当
的词填空)
21．The school has made it a rule that students not use mobile phones in class. (用适当的词填空)
22．They have missed the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
(用适当的词填空)
23．It is taken for granted in China that children support their parents. (用适当的词填空)
24．From the moment he read, he was never without a book in his hands. (用适当的词填空)
25．For all the attention I was getting I as well not have been there. I felt a stranger. (用适当的词填
空)
26．“I hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told
the BBC． (用适当的词填空)
27．Teachers and chaperones model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
(用适当的词填空)
28．Class activities will vary from day to day, but students be ready to complete short inclass writings.
(用适当的词填空)
29．Interestingly, the letters did not contain the usual warnings to children that they not receive their
presents if they were not good. (用适当的词填空)
30．Every step in the refurbishing and decorating process has to follow historical recordings and precedent, says
the designer. If relevant documentation is vague, restorers leave certain parts untouched to retain marksleft by time. (用适当的词填空)
二、语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, no Spring Festival celebration would be complete without oranges. The sweet fruit not only
decorates homes, but also serves as a good snack for visitors because it peels 1 (easy).
The popularity of the fruit during the festive season has a long history, 2 (date) back to the Qing
Dynasty, 3 Chinese parents would place fruit like oranges, dates or persimmons (柿子) beside their
children’s pillows, along with red 4 (envelope) under the pillow. The tradition was meant 5
(scare) monsters (怪兽) off from folk tales.
There is a common 6 (explain) for why oranges have come to be considered such a lucky symbol.
A major part of that comes from pronunciation. Some say the Mandarin pronunciation of the fruit “ju” sounds like
the word for “ji” (good luck). Besides having 7 auspicious (吉祥) ring to its name, the reddish golden
color and round shape of oranges are widely seen as symbols of good luck.
Today, orange is so popular 8 Chinese people that the fruit has become practically a necessity for
the most important holiday in almost every household in China. The tradition of giving oranges during Chinese
New Year has also spread to Southeast Asian countries, where oranges 9 (exchange) in pairs among
relatives as an act of well-wishing. The oranges with stems and leaves still 10 (attach) to them carry
extra symbolism of longevity and fertility.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On December 4, 2024, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
added the Spring Festival to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) of
Humanity.
As a signature part of Chinese culture, the Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most
important festivals 11 (practice) in China and around the world. The UNESCO’s move is seen as an
official 12 (recognize) of the Spring Festival’s Chinese origins.
The Spring Festival puts family at its core. The Chinese cherish (珍视) family and the strong bonds among
family members, and extend this affection 13 the community and the nation and beyond. That’s 14
each Spring Festival, hundreds of millions of people travel home to reunite(团聚) with 15 (they)
relatives.
The Spring Festival includes a 16 (comprehension) range of intangible cultural heritages at
various levels. It is a festival filled with folk tales 17 the traditions based on them. Celebrations for the
festival last for 15 days, 18 (end) with the Lantern Festival.
The Spring Festival 19 (bear) Chinese civilization’s pursuit of peace and harmony, promotes best
wishes for the future, and substantiates the common 20 (value) of humanity such as social inclusion
and a sound relationship between man and nature.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
In a gray-tiled house along Liyang Old Street in Huangshan city, East China’s Anhui province, sits 21
extraordinary studio. It is the workshop of Gan Erke, a master of Chinese lacquerware (漆器).
Gan Erke, 22 is an inheritor (传承人) of the Huizhou lacquerware decoration technique, has
devoted his life to creating delicate lacquerware pieces. 23 (preserve) this technique essence and
maintain China’s world-class standards, he has done a lot, and even revived (复原) some elements of the craft that
were close to being lost.
Lacquerware involves coating objects with natural liquid from lacquer trees. China is considered its
birthplace, as evidenced by findings from the Jingtoushan site in East China’s Zhejiang province, 24
(reveal) that ancient Chinese were among the first to utilize lacquer tree sap some 8,000 years ago.
The Huizhou lacquerware technique, 25 its thousand-year history, is known for its refinement and
elegance. The local craft 26 (reach) its peak during the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644).
Creating lacquerware demands precision and patience. A single piece requires at least three to four months,
27 even a year, to complete, because multiple steps 28 (involve) in the process.
Gan’s journey began at a local arts and crafts factory from 1979 to 1986. He found that although it originated
in China, a concerning gap exists between China’s traditional lacquer techniques and contemporary works. This
29 (realize) drove Gan to conduct deep research.
“Made-in-China lacquerware should stand equal to, if not surpass, any other lacquerware 30
(global),” Gan says. For Gan, lacquerware represents more than artistry—it embodies Chinese civilization’s
brilliance.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the delicate touch of her fingers, Wu Man carefully unties the threads of a distant past. When the 31
(international) celebrated pipa master took the stage at the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing on
Dec 3, she performed music pieces based on ancient scores from the Mogao Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage
Site in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, going beyond the boundaries of time and space.
With the pipa, Wu doesn’t just re-create history — she channels it, 32 (breathe) life into ancient
melodies (旋律) preserved in the cave walls for over a thousand years.
Wu, 33 the same day, announced the release of her new album Music From the Dunhuang Caves.
According to Wu, the idea of recording the album started in 2021 when she 34 (invite) to join a
documentary about Dunhuang. “When I visited the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, 35 the ancient pipa
manuscripts (手稿) were discovered, I was like a child full of 36 (curious). I was deeply moved when I saw
the historical site,” she recalls. “I felt a strong responsibility 37 (preserve) and bring attention to this
invaluable cultural heritage.”
Wu’s album 38 (represent) a significant contribution to the world of classical Chinese music.
Undoubtedly, 39 (it) release is a timely reminder of the rich cultural history that we must preserve and
innovate for future 40 (generation), all while continuing to honor the traditions that have shaped our artisticidentities.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional design and practices for building Chinese wooden arch bridges have recently been added to
Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
The wooden arch bridges, mostly 41 (find) in eastern China’s Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, are
built without a single metal nail or rivet (铆钉). Instead, they rely merely on 42 (complicated) fitted
wooden structures. A superstructure in traditional Chinese wooden style crowns the bridge, 43 functions
as a magnificent roof while also strengthening the stability of the entire structure.
Wooden arch bridges are more than just means of transportation; they are centers for gatherings,
entertainment, trade and other social 44 (activity). Every now and then, events like weddings, funerals
and birthdays 45 (hold) on these bridges. During the Dragon Boat Festival, locals believe the more times
one crosses the bridges, the 46 (wealthy) their life will become.
Gabriella Bonino, an Italian architect, said she once visited craftsmen behind wooden arch bridges, 47
(feel) the depth of their impressive traditional skills. “Walking across Chinese wooden arch bridges, I could feel the
connection 48 art and nature. UNESCO’s 49 (recognize) shows how much effort has been
made to protect and pass down the traditional skills of building these bridges. Knowing that these skills are now
safe and will continue for future generations makes me feel proud and hopeful. It’s 50 success for
preserving culture in today’s fast-changing world,” she said.
