文档内容
2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
保命班讲义
CET-6
2021.12
主讲：刘晓艳 克克
-1-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
目 录
第一部分 写作............................................................................................................................- 4 -
一、短句的写法..........................................................................................................................................- 4 -
二、被动.......................................................................................................................................................- 4 -
三、并列句..................................................................................................................................................- 4 -
四、复合句..................................................................................................................................................- 6 -
五、文章.......................................................................................................................................................- 9 -
第二部分 翻译..........................................................................................................................- 16 -
一、评分标准............................................................................................................................................- 16 -
二、英汉差异对比....................................................................................................................................- 16 -
三、翻译方法............................................................................................................................................- 17 -
四、翻译步骤............................................................................................................................................- 18 -
第三部分 阅读理解..................................................................................................................- 20 -
一、传统阅读（仔细阅读）....................................................................................................................- 20 -
二、长篇阅读............................................................................................................................................- 25 -
三、选词填空............................................................................................................................................- 28 -
第四部分 听力..........................................................................................................................- 30 -
一、听力锦囊一：视听一致+题文同序..................................................................................................- 30 -
二、听力锦囊二：四原则解锁长对话....................................................................................................- 32 -
三、听力锦囊三：四原则攻克篇章........................................................................................................- 35 -
四、听力锦囊四：四原则攻克讲座........................................................................................................- 39 -
五、听力锦囊五：睡不着起来猜............................................................................................................- 43 -
六、听力锦囊六：涂卡............................................................................................................................- 44 -
七、听力锦囊七：戒浮躁多练习............................................................................................................- 45 -
-2-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
六级时间分配
试卷结构 测试内容 测试题型 题目数量 分值比例 考试时间
写作 写作 短文写作 1 15% 30分钟
长对话 8 8%
听力理解 听力篇章 选择题（单选） 7 7% 30分钟
讲话/报道/讲座 10 20%
词汇理解 选词填空 10 5%
阅读理解 长篇阅读 匹配 10 10% 40分钟
仔细阅读 选择题（单选） 10 20%
翻译 汉译英 段落翻译 1 15% 30分钟
合计 57 100% 130分钟
-3-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
第一部分 写作
一、短句的写法
Aman comes.
Heis attractive.
Ilove him.
Iwill give him adog.
Itcanmake him happy.
二、被动
很多人认为合作比个人能力更重要。
Cooperationis claimedtobemore crucialthan personalability.
人们普遍认为网购已经成为一种流行趋势。
Online shoppingis arguedtobe apopular trend among the young andthe old.
在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。
Various measures,inthe pastdecades,havebeen takento preventdisasters.
最近，中国科学院(ChineseAcademyofSciences) 出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系
列报告。
An annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year was recently
published by ChineseAcademyof Science.
三、并列句
常见的逻辑关系词
第一，表示因果（世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系）
1.表示原因
because,inthat,as,since
becauseof =be responsible for=due to=owing to =thanksto
2.表示结果
so= hence=therefore =thereby =thus =consequently = inconsequence=as aresult/consequence
第二，表示对比
-4-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
1.表示“相似性的”对比
likewise =similarly =equally= simultaneously = atthe sametime=in the meanwhile
2.表示“差异性的”对比
but=by contrast=conversely=alternatively=onthecontrary=ontheotherhand =otherwise=while =
whereas
第三，表示递进
besides = also= inaddition =moreover = furthermore= apart∕aside from
to putit another way =putanother way =in other words
换句话说（有补充解释说明的作用）
第四，表示让步
① despite=inspiteof=notwithstanding=although=though=as=while=even （if）=muchas （用
于句首）虽然 =granting ∕granted that
② certainly= ofcourse=indeed =itistruethat… 的确
③ undoubtedly= thereis no doubtthat…毫无疑问的是……
④ Itmay be true that… 或许真实的是……
⑤ Thereisno denying that…不可否认的是……
⑥ In effect∕fact∕reality =indeed= virtually 实际上，事实上，的确
第五，表示条件
① if= providing∕provided ∕suppose∕supposingthat 如果，假如
② in caseof= inthe eventof 万一……
第六，表示目的
to= inorder to=soas to
第七，表示引出新对象
① About= concerning=regarding= with regardto= as for ∕to=in respectof 关于
② in termsof 就……而论，在……方面
③ when itcomesto… 当提到……时
第八，表示强调
① Above all =mostimportant
② In effect∕fact∕reality =indeed= virtually 事实上，实际上，的确，其实
第九，表示总结
① Onthewhole=allinall=overall=inconclusion∕summary∕general=generally （speaking）=asa
whole = mainly =substantially = tosumup =conclude =cometothe conclusion 总的来说
② in short∕brief =in aword 简而言之
③ in any case= atanyrate= anyway 总之，无论如何
第十，表示举例
Like=suchas=forinstance∕example=take∕consider∕thinkof∕remember…（ asanexample ） =a
good casein pointis…=from …to …（ to…） = toillustrate= asan illustration
-5-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
1.在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化,是一座展现古文明的博物馆。
In the past thousand years, the water system and the lifeway of Wuzhen have not gone through many
changes.Therefore,itnow isthe museumto show ancientcivilization.
2.在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。
In Weifang,Shandong,kites arenotonly toys butalso symbolsofculture ofthe city.
3.这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。
现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。(2014年四级）
These funds are used to improve educational facilities, purchase books and more than 160 thousand
primary schools and middle schools benefit from it. In addition, the fund is to be used for purchasing
music and painting facilities.As a consequence, nowadays the children in the rural areas can have the
music andpainting classesas sameas the children inthe coastalcities do.
4.由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越
来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人仍然 帮着照看孙辈。年
轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage. By
contrast, today, the tradition is changing. With the improvement of housing conditions, an increasing
number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. Nevertheless, the connection between
them remains strong. Many old people still have to look after their grandchildren. At the same time,
young couples also get around to visit their parents，especially during the holidays, such as the spring
festival andMid-autumnFestival.
四、复合句
1.主语从句
例：
大学教育极大地促进了社会的进步是显而易见的。
Itis beyond disputethat university educationpromotes the progress ofour society obviously.
常见句式结构：It is…that…
① Itiscommonknowledge that...
② Itismybeliefthat... =Ithink that...
③ Itisself-evidentthat...
④ Ithas been foundthat...
⑤ Itisbeyonddispute that...
-6-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
⑥ Itisuniversally acknowledgedthat...
⑦ Ithas been widelyaccepted that...
⑧ Itisgenerallyagreed that...
2.同位语
Garbage sorting,anecessary behavior tocontrol pollution,proves quitecrucialthroughoutchina.
Hunting for jobs,ahottopic among undergraduates,has becomethe public concern recently.
Optimism,an active mentality,plays akeyrolein the generalroutine ofeveryday living.
3.定语和定语从句
Ilove thiskind girl.
Ilove the girlof kindness.
Ilove the girlas kindas anangel.
Ilove the girlbeing as kindas an angel.
Ilove the girlwho keeps sokind.
例：
①中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen， which has become a kind of elegant and
colorful arts andcraftsafter hundreds ofyears ofcontinuousimprovement.
②乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐
馆。
Wuzhen, which is an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou
Grand Canal，which is really a charming place with many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and
restaurants there.
③功夫是中国武术的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。
它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人老年人都练。
Kung Fu is the common name of Chinese martial arts which can be traced back to self-defense needs,
hunting activities and military training in ancient China. Besides, it is a traditional Chinese sport that both
the young andthe elderlycan practise.
④剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在
明朝和清朝时期（the Ming andQing Dynasties）特别流行。
Paper cutting is one of the most popular arts in china which has a 1.5thound year history and was quite
-7-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
famousin the Ming andQingDynasties.
⑤中国人自古以来就在中秋节庆祝丰收，这与北美庆祝感恩节非常相似。
Chinese have had the tradition to celebrate harvest in the Middle-Autumn, which proves quite similar
withThanksgivingDay in NorthAmerica.
4.状语和状语从句
① Ilove mygirlfriend.
② Keeping pets can cultivate the kindness of children although they sometimes bring much trouble for
their owners.
•or because takingcare ofthoselittle animals needs patienceandcare.
•or when there exists only achild inonefamily.
•or by taking ashower or talkingwith those little animals.
③ They are singingsongs although they have had class forthe whole day.
They, a group of young men, who will take part in the examination of CET-6 are singing songs which
were oncepopular whenwe were young.
5.三大经典句型
1) 强调句型 it is…that…
Nothing is moreimportantthan self-reliancein acompetitiveinternationalenvironment.
就是因为你，我没有通过六级考试。
Becauseof you,Ifailedin CET-6.
Itis becauseofyou that IfailedinCET-6.
就是有很多的因素可以解释我的观点。
There exist numerous factors toaccountformyargument.
2) 虚拟语气
Ifyou are atear inmyeye,Iwillnever shedit.
3）倒装
①否定词位于句首时
我从来没有这样开心过。
Never haveIbeen sohappy.
在任何情况下我们绝不能忽略……的重要性/严重性
Under no circumstancescanwe failtopour attention into…(gravity/ severity)
②含有so…that…结构的句子，将so引导的部分位于句首时
-8-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
这个问题是如此重要以至于我们要给与足够的重视。
Theissue issogravethat we cannot failtopour attention toit.
So grave isthe issue that……
在大学校园中，浪费这个问题是如此的严重以至于不得不引起（arose）我们的注意了。
So seriousiswaste that ithastoarouseour attention.
③only引出的状语位于句首时
只有以这种方式，我们才能解决这个问题。
Only inthis waycan we settlethe issue/relieve the phenomenon.
6.句子的改写和扩写
1) 我绝不嫁给你。
2) 自行车很重要
句子扩写：
Ilove Liu Xiaoyan.
I,auniversitystudentfromBeijing,have lovedLiuwhois themostgracefulandelegantEnglishteacherI
haveever seen sinceImether for thefirsttime.
Smilemakes people loveyou.
Smile, the best means for communicating, makes people who may look serious and distant love you at
the firstsight.
Pollution keeps exceedingly serious.
Pollution, a global issue which threatens almost every one, keeps exceedingly serious with the rapid
urbanization.
五、文章
【历年真题】
-9-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
1. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation
andmethods inlearning.Youcancite examples toillustrate your views.Youshould write at least
150words but nomore than200 words.
There exists, among teenagers and youngsters, a hot debate on the importance of motivation and
methods in learning. From my perspective, it is motivation and methods that prove to be more crucial
than the studyitself.
Quite a few factors, as a matter of fact, could account for my opinion. As the primary element,
Motivation can make us brave in front of difficulties. If we desire to complete heavy tasks smoothly, it is
motivation that would make us be confronted with troubles without fear. One of Chinese famous
businessmen, Mayun, is a good case inpoint. Beforehe becamethe top man known toall,he hadfailed
thousands of times. With motivation, he might got nothing. Besides, proper methods are also crucial.
because right ways enable you to attain what you want rapidly and effectively. The more efficiently you
study,the greater successyou willachieve.
In a word, motivation and methods play a vital role in the study of youngsters. So parents should
educatetheirkidstostudywitharightmethodandmotivation.Asauniversitystudent,we shouldexplore
more effective ways to learn. Only in such ways of thinking can our work be done rapidly and
comfortably.
2. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a
sense of community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200
words.
There is no doubt that the issue about community responsibility has caused wide public attention
recently. From my perspective, it is indispensable both in social development and individual
improvement.
It is quite a few causes that could account for my argument. First and foremost, not only is a strong
sense of community responsibility helpful to develop harmonious interpersonal relationships but also is
beneficial to personal development. As we all know, the sound working atmosphere and interpersonal
-10-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
relationships among employees are crucial to both physical and mental pleasure. In addition,community
responsibility can improve efficiency in the fast-paced modern society where time is money and
efficiency holds the key to success. As a saying goes ,”united ,we stand; divided, we fall ”. So great
importance should be attached to the cultivation of the sense of community responsibility and we will
eventuallybenefitfrom it.
From what has been mentioned above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the sense of
communityresponsibilityisakindofgoodpersonalquality,whichdeservesourattention.Soitisworthof
our attention under modernconditions.Onlyinthis way canwe haveaharmonious society.
1. 议论文
1) 第一段引出主题的句子：
① Recently the issue / problem of…has been in the limelight（处于关注的中心）/ brought into focus /
broughtto public attentive（留意的，关心的）concern…
② Recently with the development / advance / progress of science and technology, the phenomenon
of…hasaroused wideconcern.
③ Nowadays, it is undeniable that……has almost become the biggest concern of the present-day
world.
④ Whatisyour ideaas to…?
There exist varying /avariety ofpoints concerning it.
2) 第一段表示个人观点的表达:
Inmyopinion/asfarasIamconcerned/formypart/frommyperspective/itkeepsmyperspectivethat
3) 第二段分析原因的总起句:
① Themajority ofpeoplewould agreethat sthhas its deep roots.
② It is superficially a simple phenomenon, but when subjected to analysis, it has its fundamental
reasons.
③ There standat leasttwo reasons,from myperspective, for the presentphenomenon.
④ As we know,recognizing aproblemis the firststep infindingasolution.
⑤ There exist numerous elementsbeingresponsible for the issue.
⑥ Thereason for thisis notfar toseek.
-11-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
⑦ Thereare arguments forwhy ......
4) 第二段无话可说怎么办？
① 分类论证
the importanceofmutual understandingand respectininterpersonalrelationships
In a dormitory, if every member could understand and respect each other, they might become more
creative and effective in their study. In addition, it is such mutual understanding in interpersonal
relationships that will result in a warm campus environment. In the end, there would be less conflict
throughoutour country.How desirable the visionis！
例：为什么培养孩子迎接挑战的能力？
Although numerous cases are available for this argument, the following one about my teacher Liu is the
most suitable. She was born in a poor family with three siblings. Furthermore, she, years later, failed to
realize her dream to attend an esteemed university even though she studied hard during her senior high
school. Under such situations, she has never given herself up, being convinced that “from the gutter,we
can still look up at stars”. And what she believes is that poverty is never scaring. What we should be
afraid is that your minds are needy. It is through years of endeavors that her dream came true. Still, she
keeps my spiritual mentor. So the story vividly tells us that it is necessary that students should be
encouraged todevelop the ability tomeetchallenges.
② 因果论证
Why should students beencouraged todevelop effective communicationskills？
Ifuniversitystudents candevelopeffectivecommunication skills,theywillmakemorefriends.Inaddition,
the more friends they have, the more comfortable life they will have on campus. As a result, they will
have a better learning environment, which consequently lead to a more harmonious context throughout
the nation.
例：四级（2020年12月）
“changes inthe way oftransportation”
5) 第三段总结措施段:
措施: 我们/政府/家长/学校
举例：
Students, from their early age, could be educated to cultivate the awareness that methods of learning
-12-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
are more importantthanlearning itself.
Authorities couldbroadcastthe importanceofcommunity responsibility inpublic.
2. 谚语警句型
【2020-7-六级】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying: The best
preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. You should write at least 150 words but no
morethan 200 words.
There exists a famous saying that the best preparation for tomorrow is to do your best work today.
Simple as the saying sounds,itinformsreaders that one doesn’t need to worry about the future if he can
makeefforts to dothe currentjobnow.
As we know, recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution. It is generally believed that
taking immediate action is of great importance. Doing good work today enables people to achieve their
great goals step by step. let us visualize an undergraduate who keeps indulged in his illusion of passing
the examination of postgraduates without any efforts and hard work. What would he achieve in the end?
He would attain nothing but failures. The same situation exists for quite a few grown-ups who aspire to
gain fameandwealthbutnever seek toputtheir fantastic plansintopractice immediately.
Therefore, it is by some means that we must take actions to pursue our goals. On one hand, kids
can be educated by their parents to put dreams into action. On the other hand, teenagers are supposed
to put our efforts into every single day and never look down upon little things. Only in this way can we
fulfill our dreams.
【2020-9-六级】
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying Wealth of
themindistheonlytruewealth.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
When it comes to wealth, ideas may differ among men and women in all walks. From my
perspective,Iapprovethe argumentthatit iswealthof the mindthat keeps the only true wealth.
-13-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
Although numerous cases are available for this argument, the following one about my teacher Liu is
the most suitable. She was born in a poor family with three siblings. Furthermore, she, years later,failed
to realize her dream to attend an esteemed university even though she studied hard during her senior
highschool.Undersuchsituations,shehasnevergivenherselfup,beingconvincedthat“fromthegutter,
wecanstilllookupatthestars.”Andwhatshedisagreedisthatpovertyisneverscaring;whatwe should
scare is that your minds are needy. It is through years of endeavors that her dream came true. Still, she
keeps my spiritual mentor. So the story vividly tells us that wealth of minds is more essentially valued
than funds.
Toconclude，itishightimeforteenagersandyoungsterstopursuementalrichnessbecausethereis
no boundary about the wealth of money . Only by thinking like this can we become more optimistic and
lead aharmonious life.
第一段：引出主题+解释你的理解
引出主题常用表达
with respectto /with regard to/when itcomesto/……
People's argumentsvary from person toperson.
People may have diverseperspectives onit.
Attitudes differfrom personto person.
There are differentopinionsamong peopleas to…
3. 书信作文
【四级2019-12】
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn
Chinese. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than
180words.
Dear myfriend,
IamdelightedtoknowthatyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChineseinrecentdays.Therefore，the
letter,to be honest,isto recommendacityto you.
When the idea occurs to me, the first city flashing in my mind is Beijing, the capital of China. Firstly,
there exists an authentic language environment which plays a key role in the process of language
learning. As a result, as a modern city, it provides an excellent language environment for language
-14-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
learners. Besides, in one of the biggest cities, people are open-minded, hospitable, and inclusive. You
willsoon findthat you can makefriends with themquickly.
Finally, I hope that you could take my suggestions into serious consideration, and I am looking
forwardto your reply atyour earliestconvenience.Good luckto you with allaspects oflife.
Yours sincerely,
LiMing
-15-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
第二部分 翻译
翻译内容
中国历史 / 文化 / 经济 / 社会
文章长度
六级180-200 words
30words 15分
一、评分标准
本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评
分标准见下表：
13-15分 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
10-12分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
7-9分 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
4-6分 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。
1-3分 译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。
0分 未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
二、英汉差异对比
1. 汉语意合，英语形合
什么是汉语的句子？
什么是英语的句子？
逻辑关系词的使用
•similarly equally likewise at thesametime
•nevertheless conversely on the contrary by contrast
•therefore consequently as aresult
•besides furthermore moreover in addition
2. 英语多被动，汉语多主动
何时用被动？
何时无被动？
3. 英语多长句，汉语多短句
-16-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
总结：短句变长句的方法
三、翻译方法
1. 方法1：非谓语动词
长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。（2017年四级）
TheYangzi River,flowing through different ecological systems, keeps the habitat of plentiful endangered
animals,irrigating onefifthofChina’sland.
乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。
Wuzhen,anancientwater town ofZhejiangprovince,is locatednear theBeijing-Hangzhou GrandCanal,
whichis reallyacharmingplace with many ancient bridges,Chinesestyle hotels and restaurants there.
2. 方法2：从句
人们还会在门上粘贴对联（couplets）对联的主题有健康，发财和好运。(2013年六级）
Doors willbedecorated with couplets whosetopicsare involvedin health, wealth andgood luck.
大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。
Pandaswhichmainlylive in theforest ofsoutheastinChina are the rarestmembers ofthe bear family.
中国人自古以来就在中秋节庆祝丰收，这与北美庆祝感恩节非常相似。
Chinese have had the tradition to celebrate harvest in the Middle-Autumn, which proves quite similar
withThanksgivingDay in NorthAmerica.
3. 方法3：连词
在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化,是一座展现古文明的博物馆。
In the past thousand years, the water system and the life way of Wuzhen have not gone through many
changes.Therefore,itnow isthe museumto show ancient civilization.
在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志（2016年四级）
In Weifang,Shandong,kites arenotonly forentertainment but alsosymbols ofculture ofthe city.
-17-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现
在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。
These funds are used to improve educational facilities and purchase books, and more than 160
thousand primary schools and middle schools benefit from it. In addition, the fund is to be used for
purchasingmusic and paintingfacilities.Asaconsequence,nowadays thechildren intheruralareascan
havethe music andpainting classesas sameas the children inthe coastalcities do.
四、翻译步骤
1. 以意群为单位读句子，确定句子的时态和语态
2. 确定句子的主干，非主干部分用定语或状语来翻译
3. 每句话翻译完之后都要看该句话和下句话的逻辑关系，加逻辑关系词
【2021-6 六级】
海南是仅次于台湾的中国第二大岛，是位于中国最南端的省份。海南岛风景秀丽，气候宜人，阳光充足，
生物多样，温泉密布，海水清澈，大部分海滩几乎全年都是游泳和日光浴的理想场所，因而被誉为中国的
四季花园和度假胜地，每年都吸引了大批中外游客。海南1988年建省以来，旅游业、服务业、高新技术
产业飞速发展，是中国唯一的省级经济特区。在中央政府和全国人民的大力支持下，海南将建成中国最大
的自由贸易试验区。
Hainan, China's second largest island after Taiwan, is the southernmost province in China. There are
beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, abundant sunshine, diverse organisms, abundant hot springs and
clear water. Most of the beaches are ideal places for swimming and sunbathing almost all year round.
Therefore, Hainan Island is known as the garden of the four seasons and a holiday resort in China,
attracting a large number of tourists from home and abroad every year. Since its establishment in 1988,
Hainan has witnessed rapid development of tourism, service industry and high-tech industry. Hainan is
the only provincial special economic zone in China.With the strong support of the central government
andpeople throughoutthe country,Hainan willbebuiltinto China'slargestpilotfree trade zone.
【2015-12六级】
在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是
为孩子。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。
如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即
使孩子根本不感兴趣。
-18-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
然而在美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。
中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间
的关系。
Parents in China are always trying to help their children, even to make the most important decision
for them, regardless of what the children really want, because parents believe it's all for the benefit of
their children.This has led to the result that the children's growth and education tend to give way to their
parents'wishes.
Once the parents decide to sign up an after-school class for their children in order to increase their
chance of being admitted to a good school, they will stick on their decision, even their children have no
interestin itatall.
In America, however, parents tend to respect their children, especially when making decisions.
Perhaps it is commendable that Chinese parents lay much importance on education, but Chinese
parents still need to keep the balance between the parents and children in the perspective of education
as theAmerican parentsdo.
-19-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
第三部分 阅读理解
一、传统阅读（仔细阅读）
1. 时间： 8 分钟/篇
2. 指导原则：
1) 读首段以及各段的首句，把握文章的中心
2）顺序原则
出题顺序与行文顺序一致
3. 题型分类：
（1）主旨题：
（2）细节题
1）特点
用主旨做不出来的题都是细节题
2）方法
定位
a. 关键词定位
b. 顺序定位
3）正确答案特征
a. 位置：定位句＋定位句的前后句
b. 细节题的正确答案一定来自于文中某句话
作者态度题不选词：
indifferent biased prejudiced
detached neutral pessimistic
subjective puzzled confused
1. 例题
【2020年12月】
Imagine that an alien species landed on Earth and, through their mere presence, those aliens
caused our art to vanish, our music to homogenize, and our technological know-how to disappear.That
is efectivelywhathumans have been doingto our closestrelatives—chimps (大猩猩)
Back in 1999, a team of scientists led byAndrew Whiten showed that chimps from dif erent parts of
Africa behave very dif erently from one another. Some groups would get each other s attention by
rappingbrancheswith their knuckles (指关节),while others diditby loudly rippingleaveswith their teeth.
-20-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
The team identified 39 of these traditions that are practiced by some communities but not others a
pattern that, at the time, hadn'tbeen seen in any animal except humans. It was evidence, the team said,
thatchimps havetheir own cultures
Ittookalongtimetoconvinceskepticsthatsuchculturesexist,butnow we haveplentyofexamples
of animalslearning localtraditions from oneanother.
But just when many scientists have come to accept the existence of animal cultures, many of those
cultures might vanish. Ammie Kalan and her colleagues have shown, through years of intensive
fieldwork that the very presence of humans has eroded the diversity of chimp behavior. Where we
flourish, the cultures wither.It is a bitterly ironic thing to learn on the 20th anniversary of Whiten’s classic
study.
“It’s amazing to think that just 60 years ago, we knew next to nothing of the behavior of our sister
species in the wild,” Whiten says. “But now, just as we are truly getting to know our primate (灵长类)
cousins,the actions ofhumans are closingthe window on allwe havediscovered.”
"Sometimes in the rush to conserve the specie, I think we forget about the individuals,” says Cat
Hobaiter,aprofessor atthe Universityof St.Andrews.
“Each population, each community, even each generation of chimps is unique. An event might only
have asmallimpact onthe total populattionof chimps,butit maywipe outan entire community-an entire
culture. No matter what we do to habitat or support population growth, we may never be able to restore
thatculture.”
No one knows whether the destruction of chimp culture is getting worse. Few places have tracked
chimp behavior over long periods, and those that have are also more likely to have protected their
animals fromhumaninfluence.
Obviously conservationists need to think about saving species in a completely new way-by preserving
animal traditions as well as bodies and genes. “Instead of focusing only on the conservation of
genetically based entities like species, we now need to also consider culturally based entities, ” says
Andrew Whiten.
51.Whatdoes the author say we humanshavebeen doingtochimps?
A) Ruiningtheir culture.
-21-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
B)Accelerating their extinction.
C)Treating themas alienspecies.
D) Homogenizingtheir living habits.
52.Whatisthe findingofAndrew Whiten’steam?
A) Chimpsdemonstrate highly developed skills ofcommunication.
B) Chimpsrelyheavily upon their body languagetocommunicate.
C) Chimps behavein ways quitesimilar to thoseofhumanbeing.
D) Diferentchimpgroupsdifer in their way of communication.
53.WhatdidAmmieKalanand her colleaguesfind through their intensive fieldwork?
A) Whiten’sclassic studyhas little impacton thediversity ofchimpbehavior.
B) Chimpbehavior becomeslessvaried with the increaseofhumanactivity.
C) Chimps altertheir culture toquickly adapttothe changedenvironment.
D) Itmightalreadybe too late topreventanimalculturesfrom extinction.
54.Whatdoes CatHobaiter thinkwe should dofor chimpconservation?
A)Trytounderstandour sister species behavior inthe wild
B) Makeef orts topreserve each individualchimpcommunity
C) Study the uniquecharacteristicsof eachgenerationof chimps
D) Endeavor torestore chimphabitatstoexpand its totalpopulation.
55.Whatdocs the author suggestconservationists do?
A) Focus entirely on culturally-based entitiesrather than genetically-based ones
B) Placemore stress onanimaltraditions thanon their physical conservation
C) Conserve animalspecies inanovel and all-round way.
-22-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
D) Explore the cultures ofspecies beforethey vanish.
【2020年12月】
Every five years, the government tries to tell Americans what to put in their bellies. Eat more
vegetables. Dial back the fats. It’s all based on the best available science for leading a healthy life. But
the best available science also has a lot to say about what those food choices do to the environment,
and some researchers are annoyed that new dietary recommendations of the USDA ( United States
Department ofAgriculture) released yesterday seem toutterly ignorethatfact.
Broadly,the 2016 – 2020 dietary recommendations aim for balance: More vegetables, leaner meats
andfar lesssugar.
ButAmericans consumemore calories per capita than almostany other country in the world. So the
things Americans eat have a huge impact on climate change. Soil tilling releases carbon dioxide, and
livery vehicles emit exhaust. The government’s dietary guidelines could have done a lot to lower that
climate cost.Not justbecause of their position of authority:The guidelinesdrive billions ofdollars of food
production throughfederalprogramslikeschool lunches andnutrition assistance for the needy.
On its own, plant and animal agriculture contributes 9 percent of all the country’s greenhouse gas
emissions.That’s not counting the fuel burned in transportation, processing, refrigeration, and other way
points between farm and belly. Red meats are among the biggest and most notorious emitters, but
trucking a salad from California to Minnesota in January also carries a significant burden. And
greenhouse gas emissions aren’t the whole story. Food production is the largest user of fresh water,
largestcontributor tothe lossofbiodiversity,andamajor contributorto usingup naturalresources.
All of these points and more showed up in the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee’s scientific
report, released last February. Miriam Nelson chaired the subcommittee in charge of sustainability for
the report, and is disappointed that eating less meat and buying local food aren’t in the final product.
“Especiallyifyou considerthateatinglessmeal,especialyredandprocessed,hashealthbenefits,”she
says.
So what happened?The of ficial response is that sustainability falls too far outside the guidelines’of
icialscope, whichis toprovide“nutritional and dietary information.”
-23-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
Possibly the agencies in charge of drafting the decisions are too close to the industries they are
supposed to regulate. On one hand, the USDAis compiling dietary advice. On the other,their clients are
USagriculture companies.
The line about keeping the guidelines’ scope to nutrition and diet doesn't ring quite right with
researchers. David Wallinga, for example, says,“In previous guidelines, they’ve always been concerned
with things like food security—which is presumably the mission of the USDA. You absolutely need to be
worriedabout climateimpacts andfuturesustainabilityif you wantsecure food inthe future.”
51.Whyare someresearchers irritatedatthe USDA’s2016 –2020 DietaryGuidelines?
A) Itignoresthe harmfuleffectofred meatandprocessedfood on health.
B)Toomuchemphasis isgiven toeating less meatand buyinglocalfood.
C)Thedietary recommendations are notbased onmedicalscience.
D) Ittakesno noticeofthe potentialimpacton the environment.
52. Why does the author say the USDAcould have contributed a lot to lowering the climate cost through
its dietary guidelines?
A) Ithasthe capacity andthe financialresources todoso.
B) Its researchershavealreadysubmitted relevant proposals.
C) Itsagencies incharge ofdrafting the guidelineshavethe expertise.
D) Itcanraisestudents’environmentalawareness through its programs.
53.Whatdowe learnfrom the DietaryGuidelinesAdvisory Committee’sscientific report?
A) Food iseasily contaminated fromfarm tobelly.
B) Greenhouseefectis anissue still under debate.
C) Modern agriculture hasincreased food diversity.
D) Farming consumesmostofour naturalresources.
54. Whatmay account for the neglect of sustainability in the USDA's Dietary Guidelines according to the
-24-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
author?
A) Its exclusiveconcernwithAmericans'food safety.
B) Its soleresponsibility forproviding dietaryadvice.
C) Itsclose ties with theagriculture companies.
D) Itsalleged failure toregulatethe industries.
55.Whatshould the USDAdo toachieve food securityaccording to David Wallinga?
A) Givetop priority tothings like nutritionand foodsecurity.
B) Endeavor toensure the sustainable developmentofagriculture.
C) Fulfillits mission by closely cooperatingwith the industries.
D) Study the long-term impactofclimatechange onfood production.
二、长篇阅读
解题步骤 （15分钟）
1. 看大标题，小标题
了解文章中心，推测文章大概内容及作者态度
例如 UniversityBranchOut
大学业务拓展
2. 找题干中的定位词 回头定位
提示：一次性把10句话中关键词全标注出来
1）专有名词：
时间 地点 数字 人名 地名 国家名
2）固定概念：合成词、专业概念、特别说法、具体的名词
e.g. take-to-self pronoun
3）如以上定位线索没有，则是：
常用动词、极端词、最高级、形容词、副词
4）文章的中心词不能拿来定位
-25-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
3. 重叠选项，得出答案
注意：找出明显定位词后，最好阅读一下该句子意思，和选项是否意思一致。
4. 查漏补缺
找不到定位的就最后再做
读每段的重点句：
1）段首段尾句
2）段中转折词，因果词 ，递进词后
注意：已对应两个句子的段落，可不用再阅读
一般有7-8个左右句子可明显定位
1. 举例：【2020年12月六级】
Whylifelonglearning isthe internationalpassporttosuccess
36.Students shoulddevelop the keyskills before theystart aproject.
H) The most critical skills will be developed before the project even starts, in the form of boot camps (短
期强化训练), while the rest can be fostered along with the project, putting them to immediate use and
thus providingarich learningcontext.
37. By acquiring reasoning skills in the first few years of college, students can lay a foundation for
lifelong learning.
E) The Bachelor’s degree could be your passport to lifelong learning. For the first few years, student
would ‘learn to learn’ and get endowed with reasoning skills that remain with them for the rest of their
lives.
38.The easy access to learning and rapid technological changes have brought the traditional model of
education under challenge.
B) ……Students meet at the university campus (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time ). This
classical model has traditionally produce universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of
society—which allows everybody who is connected to the internet to access learning—and by the need
to acquire skills instep with afast-changing world.
39. Unbelievable as it may seem, part-time students constitute a considerable portion of the student
body in many universities acrossthe world.
K) Sound like science fiction? In many countries, part--time studying is not exceptional: on average
across OECD countries, part-time students in 2016 represented 20 per cent of enrolment in tertiary
-26-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
education. In many countries, this share is higher and can exceed 40 per centinAustralia, New Zealand
andSweden.
40. Some social and managerial skills, which are not easily automated, will be of great importance to
students’future careers.
I)Inadditiontotechnicalcapabilities.theverynatureofprojectsdevelopsaxialandentrepreneurialskills,
such as design thinking, initiative taking, team leading, activity reporting or resource planning. Not only
will those skills be actually integrated into the curriculum but they will be very important to have in the
futurebecausethey are difficulttoautomate.
41. A new model of college education should provide students with the knowledge and skills that will
makethem moreinventive andcapable oflifelong learning.
C) The university model needs to evolve. It must equip students with the right skills and knowledge to
compete in a world where value will be derived largely from human interaction and the ability to invent
and interpret things that machines cannot', as the English futurist Richard Watson puts it. By hing
foundationalknowledge andup-to-date skills,universities willprovide students with thefuture-proofskills
of lifelonglearning,notjustgetthem ‘job-ready’.
42.Amixed studentbody may changethe classroom dynamicsandbenefitlearning.
J) ……Second, freshly graduated students would mix with professionally experienced ones. This would
change the classroom dynamics,perhaps for the best.Project-basedlearning with amixed team reflects
the reality ofthe professionalworld andcouldtherefore be abetter preparation for it.
43.Thequestion ofwho willbear the costoflifelong learning isatopicofconstant debate.
N) Even if time were not an issue, who will pay for lifelong learning: That’s the eternal debate: should it
be the learner’sresponsibility,that ofhis employer,or ofthe state?
44. To the traditional subjects of math and physics should be added a new discipline which combines
computer sciencewith statistics andother components.
F) Therefore, a new discipline blending computer programming, statistics and machine learning should
be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics. These three pillars would
allow you to keep learning complex technical subjects all your life because numeracy (计算) is the
foundationupon whicheverythingelseiseventually built.
45.Students who areburdenedwith family duties mightchoose totake onlinecourses.
-27-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
M) This could fix the main organisational challenges for the university, but not for the learners, due to
lackoftime,familyobligationsorfunds.Here,online learningmightbeanoptionbecauseitallows you to
saveyour ‘travel time’,butithasits limits.
三、选词填空
步 骤：（7--8分钟）
1. 标注选项中单词的词性，归类；
2. 看文章首句，了解文章中心；
3. 根据每个空出现的位置判断需要填的单词的词性；
4. 把对应词性的选项带入，符合意思一致即正确答案。
举例：【2020年12月】
A) amazing I) sentimentally B) closer J) spiritually
C) driven K) temptations D) engaged L) thriftier
E) malignant M) tickled F) oppressing N) unique
G) premises O) vulnerable H) random
Social distancing is putting people out of work, canceling school and tanking the stock market. It has
been 26 by fear,and itiscreating evenmore fear as moneyproblemsand uncertaintygrow.
C) driven D) engaged M) tickled
However, at its core is love, and a sacrifice to protect those most 27 to the coronavirus’ (冠状病毒)
effects—the elderly, people with compromised immune systems, and those whose life-saving resources
would be used upby a 28 epidemic
27.A) amazing B) closer D) engaged E) malignant F) oppressing H)
random M) tickled N) unique O) vulnerable
28 同上adj
Americans make life-saving decisions every day as a matter of course. We cut food into bite-sized
pieces, we wear seatbelts, and we take care not to exceed the speed limit. But social distancing is 29
in thatitiscompletely self-sacrificing.
29.A) amazing B) closer D) engaged E) malignant F) oppressing
-28-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
H) random M) tickled N) unique O) vulnerable
Those who will benefit may be the elderly relatives of the 30 person we didn’t pass in Starbucks, on
the subway,or in theelevator.
30.A) amazing B) closer D) engaged E) malignant F) oppressing
H) random M) tickled N) unique O) vulnerable
Social distancing is millions of people making hundreds of sacrifices to keep the elderly alive. It doesn’t
include the 31 to run from society or make an excuse to avoid one's obligations such as life-saving
medicalwork or the parental obligation tobuygroceries.
31.K) temptations G) premises
What it does include is applying love through caution.And in doing so, it offers an 32 opportunity for
those whocare aboutthe elderlyto findnew ways to love them.
32.A) amazing D) engaged F) oppressing
If we’re not 33 as much in our normal work or school, we have extra time to call parents and
grandparents.
33.A) amazing B) closer D) engaged F) oppressing M) tickled
N)unique O) vulnerable
We can also ask elderly relatives how to best support them 34 and use our sacrifices as an
opportunity tobring us,our community andthe world 35 .
34.I) sentimentally J) spiritually
35.B) closer F) oppressing M) tickled L) thriftier
-29-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
第四部分 听力
一、听力锦囊一：视听一致+题文同序
(一) 做题方法
方法一：闭眼听完再做
方法二：边看边做边听
（二）视听一致
1. 如何“视”：
脑：四不要--不急躁；不抠生词；不乱翻译；不久留；
眼：眼珠活起来--横看不同点+默读（名词，动宾短语，否定，比较级，最高级）；
--竖看相同点。
2. 如何“听”：
耳：原则--题文同序
选项单词读到越多，多为正确选项。（注意同义替换）
当选项中某单词被读到，该题目就开始。
（三）做题应用
例1：【2020年 12月】
5.A) It isn’t soenjoyable as he expected.
B) It isn’t so motivatingas hebelieved.
C)It doesn’t enable himto earn as much money as he usedto.
D) It doesn’t seem to offer as much freedom as heanticipated.
6.A) Not all ofthem care about theiremployees behaviors.
B) Few ofthem are awareof theiremployees feelings.
C)Few ofthem offer praise and reward totheir employees.
D) Not all ofthem knowhowtomotivatetheiremployee.
7.A) Job satisfaction. B) Self-awareness.
C)Autonomy. D) Money.
-30-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
例2：【2021年 6月】
1.A) Weird. B) Efficient. C)Tolerant. D) Toxic.
2.A) They are arrogant. C)They are ambitious.
B) They are ignorant. D) They are accommodating.
3.A) They can thinkbig. C)They can break conventions.
B) They can airtheirviews. D) They can work flexiblehours.
4.A) It can alter people’s mindsets. C)It enables people to learn and grow.
B) It can lead to newdiscoveries. D) It isconductive to critical thinking.
参考录音文本
例1：【transcript】
W:Howdoyoulikebeingself-employed?
M: There are obvious benefits, (5) though I don't seem to have the freedom I anticipated as I just don't seem
able to decline work offers. And working alone, there have been times I’ve found that money alone provides
insufficientmotivation.Haveyouexperiencedthesamesinceyoubeganworkingforyourself?
W: Sometimes unlike the rest of the workforce who have managers to prompt motivation, whenever they're
feeling lazy or bored,we self-employed workers perform our jobs withouta manager to lift our spirits. There's no
onearoundtoofferpraiseorinitiatecollaboration,noonetomakegreateruseofourinterestsandtalents.
M:That's afact.Noteverymanagerbehaveswith suchawarenessandcare,ofcourse. (6)Andcertainly notall
managers have a clue how to motivate people. Still, having a manager nearby at least indicates there's an
opportunity.They'llbedecentenoughtolookoutforyouwhenyourenergyandfocusbegintodeplete.
W: (7) The motivator I value, most is autonomy. I've learned not to sacrifice my prized autonomy by
workingallhoursofthedayandbysayingtoeveryclientrequest.
Q5.Whatdoesthemansayabouthislifeofbeingself-employed?
Q6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutmanagers?
Q7.Whatdobothspeakersvaluemostaboutself-employment?
例2：【transcript】
M:Howareyouenjoyingyournewjob?
W:Sofarsogood.Idon’tmisshavingmanagerswhodeliverblunt,harshfeedbackinthenameofefficiency.
M:Fromthewayyoudescribedyourlastcompany,nowondertheyhadaproblemwithhighstaffturnover.
W: Yeah,Icouldn’t waittogetoutofthere oncemycontractexpired.(1) The problem withacompany culture
that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out
anderodesitselffromwithin.
-31-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
M:(2) Mycompany’smanagerstend tobe accommodating andkind,overlookingmistakesorissues soas not
tohurtfeelings.Issuesoftengetignoredthereuntiltheybuildupandreachacrisispoint.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and
directness. (3) Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real
time.Itseemstohelpustocoursecorrect,improveandmeetchallengeswhilealsobuildingteamsthatcollaborate
andcareforoneanother.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret
feedbackassomekindofpersonalattack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get
feedback from someone we trust, we understand thatthe feedback isn’t some kind ofpersonalattack. It’s actually
a kind of support, because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift
theirmindsetsaroundhowtheyreceivefeedback.
M: Yes. (4) Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow. It’s the basis for healthy parenting,
lastingfriendships,careerdevelopment,andsomuchmore.Ifweshelterourchildren,friendsandcolleaguesfrom
informationthatmightenrichandenhancetheirlives,we’renotbeingcaring.We’reactuallydoingharmtothem.
W:That’sexactlyright.
Q1.Howdoesthewomandescribeherpreviouscompany’sculture?
Q2.Whatdoesthemansayabouthiscompany’smanagers?
Q3.Whatdoesthewomansaytheemployeesinhernewcompanycando?
Q4.Whatdoesthemansayaboutconstructivefeedback?
二、听力锦囊二：四原则解锁长对话
（一）解题原则
1. 抓头原则
2. 对话原则
（1）问题在于找节奏定位
（2）答句常出题重首尾
3. 关键词原则
① 极端词
first, firstly,at first, at least, only...
② 最高级
most, mostimportant, best, worst
③ 逻辑关系词
因果关系：
-32-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
because, because of,since, as, for,dueto, owing to, main reason...
转折关系:
however,but, unfortunately
递进关系：
besides; apart from; inaddition; furthermore; what’smore; moreover
举例关系：
for example/forinstance/such as
结论观点：
① 人物观点（人名+介绍+动词+that）
② experts/professors/scientists say
③ study/research/evidence shows
4. 重复原则（某一选项中词汇被重复读到）
（二）做题应用
例3:【2021年 6月】
5.A) He kept lookingfor thebest place to stay.
B) He met many touristsfrom othercountries.
C)He hadagreat timesightseeing and relaxing.
D) He managed tovisita different city each day.
6.A) Prioritizewhat is essential totheirbest advantage.
B) Stretch out theprocess insearch oftheoptimal.
C)Deliberate theconsequences that may occur.
D) Takeall relevant factors intoconsideration.
7.A) Timepressure. C)Modern technology.
B) Tight budget. D) Fiercecompetition.
8.A) Research as many different optionsas possible. C)Focus onwhat is practical.
B) Avoid going over thesameoptions repeatedly. D) Trust theirgut instinct.
例4：【2020年 9月】
5.A) They can predict futureevents. C)They have cultural connotations.
B) They have nospecial meanings. D) They cannot beeasily explained.
6.A) It was canceled dueto bad weather. C)Shedreamed ofaplane crash.
B) Sheoverslept andmissed theflight. D) It was postponedtothefollowing day.
7.A) They can beaffected bypeople’s childhood experiences.
B) They may sometimesseem ridiculous to arational mind.
-33-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
C)They usually result from people’s unpleasant memories.
D) They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.
8.A) They call for scientific methods tointerpret.
B) They mirrortheir long-cherished wishes.
C)They reflect theircomplicated emotions.
D) They are often related toirrational feelings.
参考录音文本
例3：【transcript】
W:Howwasyourholiday?Nottoomanyothertouristsaround,werethere?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to
find the perfect place. It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was
lookingforthebestspot.
W: It seems you suffer from “fear of better options”. I’ve read aboutit. It describes this loop ofindecision as part
of our programming. (6) Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making
process. Because as human beings, we are hardwired to optimize. We have always looked to get the best things
wecanasasortofsurvivalofthefittest.Optimizingisn’ttheproblem,butrathertheprocessthatwegothrough.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7-1) But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more
easily and have more access to choice and customization. We can now see whatwe could have, how we might
get it and what others have that we might want. We keep looking over and returning to the same options, again
andagain.
W:Yes. (7-2) Fearof better options offerslittle benefit.It’sanailment ofabundance. Youmusthave choices
tohavethatfearofmissingoutonbetteroptions.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time
worryingoverwhattohaveforlunch,I’mrobbingmyselfoftheenergytofocusonthethingsthatmatter.
Q5.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisholiday?
Q6.Whatdoesthewomansaypeopletendtodowhenmakingdecisions?
Q7.Whathasmadedecisionmakingincreasinglydifficult?
Q8.Accordingtothewoman,whatshouldpeopledowhenmakingimportantdecisions?
例4：【transcript】
M:Doyouthinkdreamshavespecialmeanings?
W:No.Idon'tthinktheydo.(5)
M: I don't either, but some people do. I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are
superstitious,especiallynowadays. Inthepast,duringthetimes ofancientEgypt,GreeceorChina,peopleusedto
-34-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today,with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it's
muchhardertobelieveinthesesortsofthings.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. Once, (6) she dreamed that
the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn't take that
flight. She didn't even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight but a week
later.Andeverythingwasfineofcourse.Noplaneevercrashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It's been statistically
proven.Peoplecanbesoirrationalsometimes.
W:Yes, absolutely. But, even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) emotions can be just as powerful as rational
thinking.
M: Exactly.People do allsorts of crazy things because of their irrationalfeelings. But in fact, some psychologists
believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. I think it was Sigmund Freud
who said that children's dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes, things they wished would
happen. (8) But in adults', dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated
sentiments.
W: Isn't it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bazaar as
dreams?Psychologyisliketherationalstudyofirrationalfeelings.
Q5:Whatdobothspeakersthinkofdreams?
Q6:Whydidn'tthewoman'sgrandmothertakeherscheduledflight?
Q7:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeople'semotions?
Q8:WhatdidpsychologistSigmundFreudsayaboutadults'dreams?
三、听力锦囊三：四原则攻克篇章
（一）解题原则
1. 抓头原则
2. 关键词原则
① 极端词
first, firstly,at first, at least, only...
② 最高级
most, mostimportant, best, worst
③ 逻辑关系词
因果关系：
because, because of,since, as, for,dueto, owing to, main reason, result from, the reason why;
-35-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
so, therefore, lead to,result in,contribute to...
转折关系:
however,but, unfortunately
递进关系：
besides; apart from; inaddition; furthermore; what’smore; moreover
举例关系：
for example/forinstance/such as
数字：
decade=10years
one fifth=20%
50%=half
3. 结论原则
① 人物观点（人名+介绍+动词+that）
② experts/professors/scientists say
③ study/research/evidence shows
Indicate,find,believe,conclude,identify,reveal,discover,suggest,argue,report,it turns out....
4. 重复原则（某一选项中词汇被重复读到）
听到逻辑关系词，快速匹配，匹配不上就接着听，不要回想。
（二）做题应用
例5：【2020年 12月】
9.A) Try to earn as much money as possible.
B) Invest shrewdly in lucrative businesses.
C)Save one-fifth oftheirnet monthly income.
D)Restrain themselves from high-risk investments.
10.A) Cut20%of theirdaily spending. C)Try to stickto theirinitialplan.
B) Aska closefriend for advice. D) Start bydoing somethingsmall.
11.A) Aproper mindset. C)An optimisticattitude.
B) An ambitiousplan. D) Akeen interest.
例6：【2021年 6月】
9.A) It isbeneficial topoor as well as rich communities.
B) It is conducive to children’s futuredevelopment.
C)It is welcome to parents but not to children.
-36-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
D) It isnot of much help to younger children.
10.A) It may put somestudents inremote areas at adisadvantage.
B) It gives themajorityof students ready access to theirteachers.
C)It effectively improves thelearning qualityof students in rural areas.
D) It can bridge thelearning gap between kids ofdifferent backgrounds.
11.A) Diligent students tend todotheir homework independently.
B) The focus ofhomework should always beonschool subjects.
C)Doing homework exerts apositiveeffect onkids’personality development.
D) Thebenefits ofdoing homework vary widely from individualto individual.
例7：【2020年 9月】
12.A) He foundtherehad been littleresearch ontheirlanguage.
B) He was trying to preserve thelanguages oftheIndian tribes.
C)His contact with asocial worker hadgreatly aroused hisinterest in thetribe.
D) His meeting with Gonzalezhad madehim eager to learn moreabout the tribe.
13.A) He taught Copeland to speak theTarahumaras language.
B) He persuaded theTarahumaras to accept Copeland’s gifts.
C)He recommended one ofhis best friends as an interpreter.
D) He acted as anintermediary between Copeland and thevillagers.
14.A) Unpredictable. B) Unjustifiable. C)Laborious. D) Tedious.
15.A) Theirappreciation ofhelp from theoutsiders.
B) Their senseof sharing and caring.
C)Their readiness to adapt totechnology.
D) Theirbelief in creating wealth for themselves.
参考听力文本
例5：【transcript】
To achieve financial security, how much you save is always more important than the amount you earn or how
shrewdly you invest. (9) If you are under 30 years old, your goal should be to save 20% of your monthly
income aftertax deductions. This is irrespective of how much you earn.Approximately 50% should be reserved
for the essential like food and accommodation. Through mainly 30% is for recreation and entertainment. But for
many young people, it’ll be difficult to designate such a large proportion of their income for savings. (10) If you
findithardtosaveanymoneyatall, startbycuttingallunnecessaryspending.Allocateatatinyamountof1
or 2 percent for savings, and gradually increase that amount. Always keep that 20% goal in mind for prevent
yourself from becoming complacent. It can be challenging to stick to such a strict plan. But if you adopt the
-37-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
right mindset, you should be able to make it work foryou. So, what should you be doing with the money that
yousaving? Somemustbekepteasilyaccessibleincaseyouneedsomecashinemergency.Thelargestproportion
should be invested retirement plans. Either for the young employer or privately.And you can keep some money
for high risk but potentially lucrative investments. Dividends can be re-invested or used to purchase something
you like. By following this plan, you should hopefully be able to enjoy your life now, and still be financially
secureinfuture.:
Q9.Whatarepeopleunderthirtyadvisedtodotoachievefinancialsecurity?
Q10.Whatshouldpeopledoiftheyfinditdifficulttofollowthespeakers’adviceontheirfinancialplan?
Q11.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkisimportantforachievingfinancialsecurity?
例6：【transcript】
The roleof homework inclassrooms is nota newdebate.Manyparents andteachersareardentsupportersof
homework. Butdo all students benefitfrom homework? (9) A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation
betweenthe amount of homeworkdone by astudent and future academic achievement formiddle and high
school students. But not so much for younger kids. A Stanford study in 2014 suggested the same was true for
students in California’s affluent communities. The findings challenged the idea that homework was inherently
good. The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and
achievement, suggesting that high school students shouldn’t be doing more than two hours of homework a night.
Andthemostvaluablekindofhomeworkforelementarylevelchildrenwassimplyassignedfreereading.
The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urban communities. (10)
Studies found that in remote areas, the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a
disadvantage because 70% of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access. But
oneinthreehouseholdsdoesn’thaveInternet.ExpertsasserthomeworkrequiringtheInternetisn’tfair.
While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements, there are studies
focusing on other benefits of homework. (11) A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect
on students’ personalities, suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become more conscientious
andindependentlearners.
Q9.Whatdidthe2006researchfindabouthomework?
Q10.WhatdoexpertsthinkofhomeworkrequiringInternetaccess?
Q11.WhatconclusioncouldbedrawnfromthestudyinGermany?
例7：【transcript】
The idea to study theAmerican Indian tribe --Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, (12)when he
discoveredthat verylittle researchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.Hecontactedthetribe memberthrougha
social worker who worked with the tribes in Mexico. At first, the tribe member named Gonzalez was very
reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland
-38-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez
agreed to help. (13) He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary. Copeland says, thanks to
him,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhattheirmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.
(14) Entering the world of Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland. To reach their
homeland,hemuststrivetwoandhalfdaysfromHustonTaxes.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribe’s
men can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe
anyhumiliatingwealth,takethefoodandshareamongthemselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying but also has enriched his life in
several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another
notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says, “I experienced the simplicity of living in
nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) I see a lot of beauty and their sense of sharing
andconcernforeachother.”
Q12:WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribe--Tarahumaras?
Q13:HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?
Q14:WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?
Q15:WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?
四、听力锦囊四：四原则攻克讲座
（一）解题原则
1. 抓头原则
2. 关键词原则
① 极端词
first, firstly,at first, at least, only...
② 最高级
most, mostimportant, best, worst
③ 逻辑关系词
因果关系：
because, because of,since, as, for,dueto, owing to, main reason, result from, the reason why;
so, therefore, lead to,result in,contribute to..
转折关系:
however,but, unfortunately
递进关系：
-39-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
besides; apart from; inaddition; furthermore; what’smore; moreover
举例关系：
for example/forinstance/such as
数字：
decade=10years
one fifth=20%
50%=half
3. 结论原则
① 人物观点（人名+介绍+动词+that）
② experts/professors/scientists say
③ study/research/evidence shows
4. 重复原则（某一选项中词汇被重复读到）
听到逻辑关系词，快速匹配，匹配不上就接着听，不要回想。
（二）做题应用
例8：【2021年 6月】
19.A) They have better dietary habits.
B) They bear fewersocial responsibilities.
C)They are bornwith astronger abilityto socialize.
D) They are better able tosurvive orhandle disease.
20.A) They have alimited reproductive ability.
B) They depend onadequate sleep to thrive.
C)They keep dividingthroughout one’s life.
D) They strengthen withregular exercise.
21.A) Theprocess of aging can ultimately bebrought under control.
B) Improved health care fortheelderly will contributeto longevity.
C)Prevention of heart diseaseand strokewill increase lifeexpectancy.
D) Theresolution of age-related diseases will solvethemystery ofaging.
例9：【2020年 12月】
22.A) Olderpeople's aversion tonew music.
B) Older people's changing musical tastes.
C)Insights into thefeatures of good music.
D) Deterioration in thequality ofnewmusic.
-40-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
23.A) They seldom listen to songs released in theirteens.
B) They can makesubtledistinctionsabout music.
C)They find all musicsounds thesame.
D) They nolonger listentonew music.
24.A) Themore you experience something, thebetter you' ll appreciateit.
B) The moreyou experience something, thelongeryou'll remember it
C)The moreyou are exposed to something, the deeper you'll understand it
D) Themore you are exposedto something, themorefamiliar it'll betoyou.
25.A) Teenagers are muchmoresensitive.
C)Teenagers memories are morelasting.
B) Teenagers are much more sentimental.
D) Teenagers' emotionsare more intense.
例10：【2020年 9月】
22.A) Few people can identify its texture.
B) Few peoplecan describe it precisely.
C)Its real value isopen tointerpretation.
D) Its importanceis often over-estimated.
23.A) It has never seen any change.
B) It has much to dowith color.
C)It is a well-protected government secret.
D) It isa subject of studybymany forgers.
24.A) Peoplehad littlefaith in paper money.
B) They could last longer in circulation.
C)It predicted their valuewould increase.
D) They were more difficult tocounterfeit.
25.A) Thestabilization ofthedollar value.
B) The issuingof government securities.
C)A gold standard forAmerican currency.
D) Asteady appreciation oftheU. S.dollar.
参考录音文本
例8：【transcript】
Agingisacuriousthing,andpeople’sdesiretobeatitanddeathhasbecomeanindustryworthhundredsofbillions
of dollars. Despite the huge investment into research, aging remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain
-41-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
things researchers do understand. They know that women tend to have longer life spans, living on average six years
longer than men. (19) No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the
idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men. For virtually every disease, the
effects are greater on men than they are on women. Some suggest that women’s immune systems benefit from their
tendencytoprioritizeandnurturesocialconnections.Butforme,thisexplanationishardlyconvincing.
Researchers also know to an extent what causes aging. For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to
divide forever. (20) It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people’s cells divide a smaller
number of times than younger people’s. Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. Human cells
have a limited reproductive ability. To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells’ dividing through
nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the aging process. And researchers
areyet toanswerthe ultimate questionofaging: why doesthe bodyultimatelyfall topieces?Inthe opinionofsome of
the world’s best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don’t yet have any answer is because many
researchers are looking in the wrong direction. (21) Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of
age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the aging process, but, say some top scientists,
that’scompletelyerroneous. They point out,when the diseases ofchildhoodwere eliminated...this didnot provide any
insightintochildhooddevelopment.
In the same way, the idea that the resolution ofageassociated diseases like heart disease and stroke will inform us
about aging is not based on sound science or logic. At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were
eliminated,thiswouldonlyaddadecadetoaveragelifeexpectancy.Butwhilethereismoneyavailabletobespentonit,
thesearchtounderstandthesecretsofagingwillbeongoing.
Q19.Whatdowelearnaboutthepossiblereasonwhywomentendtolivelonger?
Q20.Whatistherecentdiscoveryabouthumancells?
Q21.Whatdomanypublichealthpolicymakersbelieve?
例9：【transcript】
(22)Why do old people dislike new music? As I’ve grown older,I often hearpeoplemy age say things like
they just don’t make good music like they used to. Why does this happen?Luckily, psychology can give us some
insightsintothispuzzle.Musicaltastesbegintocrystallizeasearlyasage13or14.Bythetimewe’reinourearly
20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.
(23)In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new
music. Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular
amongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.
There could be a biological explanation for this, as there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle
distinctions betweendifferentchords,rhythms,andmelodiesdeteriorateswith age.Sotoolderpeople,newer,less
familiarsongsmightall“soundthesame.”
But there’re maybe some simpler reasons for older people’s aversion to newer music. (24) One of the most
researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect.”, which in essence means
thatthemorewe’reexposedtosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.
Thishappenswithpeopleweknow,theadvertisementsweseeand,thesongswelistento.
When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching
musicvideos.Yourfavoritesongsandartistsbecomefamiliar,comfortingpartsofyourroutine.
For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase, so there’s less time to spend discovering new
music. Instead, many will simply listen to old, familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had
morefreetime.
Of course, those teenyears weren’tnecessarily carefree. They’re famously confusing, which is whyso many
TVshowsandmoviesrevolvearoundthehighschoolturmoil.
-42-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
(25)Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense
than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories
and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so
memorableandbeloved.
So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather, it’s all part of the
naturalorderofthings.
例10：【transcript】
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or
texture.（22）Butfewpeopleindeedcanaccuratelydescribetheworld'smostpowerful,importantcurrency.
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; （23）the exact
composition ofthe paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret. Despite its weighty importance, the
dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at a pound. Not only is the dollar bill
lightweight,butitalsohasabrieflifespan.Fewdollarbillssurvivelongerthan18months.
The word "dollar" is taken from the German word "taler," the name for the world's most important currency
in the 16th century. The taler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of
Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the
Constitution was signed, （24）people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing
valueduringthecolonialera.Becauseofthislackoffaith,the newAmericangovernment mintedonlycoins
forcommon currency.Interest-bearing banknotes wereissuedatthe same time, buttheir purposewaslimited to
providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first
non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862, at the height of the Civil War. At this
point, citizens' old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green
coloredpapermoneyquicklyearnedthenickname"greenback."
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the twelve Federal
Reserve banks aroundtheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentkeepsasteadysupplyofapproximatelytwo billion bills
incirculationatalltimes.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill.（25） American history has seen
generations ofpoliticiansargueinfavorofagoldstandardforAmericancurrency.However,forthepresent,
theAmericandollarbillholdsthevaluethatisprintedonit,andlittlemore.Theonlyotherguaranteeonthebillis
aFederalReservepledgeofasaconfirmationintheformofgovernmentsecurities.
Q22:WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericandollarbill?
Q23:WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheexactcompositionoftheAmericandollarbill?
Q24:WhydidthenewAmericangovernmentmintonlycoinsforcommoncurrency?
Q25:WhathavegenerationsofAmericanpoliticiansarguedfor?
五、听力锦囊五：睡不着起来猜
1. 猜有最高级、极端、数字或者否定的选项 （概率大）
2. 含义相同的选项中选答案
-43-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
【2019年 6月】
A) Doing what they likebest. C)Making noexcuses for failures.
B) Loving thework they do. D) Following theirnatural instinct.
【2021年 6月】
A)When they are ongood terms with theirmanagers.
B)When they find their job goals easily attainable.
C)When they find their supervisors helpful.
D)When they are financially motivated.
【2018年 6月】
A)The return of abottled message toits owner’s daughter.
B)ANew Hampshire man’s joke withfriends onhis wife.
C)Afather’s message forhis daughter.
D)The historyofa century-old motel.
六、听力锦囊六：涂卡
一定要注意涂卡很重要！
作文结束试音时间
长对话Directions (38S )---看长对话1选项
长对话1问题（60S）--- 看长对话2选项
长对话2问题（60S）--- 看篇章1选项
篇章Directions (30S)--- 涂完长对话答案，看篇章1选项
篇章1问题（45S）--- 看篇章2选项
篇章2问题（60S）--- 看讲座1选项
讲座Directions（30S）--- 涂完篇章答案，看讲座1选项
讲座1问题（50S）--- 看讲座2选项
讲座2问题（50S）--- 看讲座3选项
讲座3问题（70S）--- 涂完讲座答案，剩余其他选项
-44-2021年12月大学英语六级保命班讲义
七、听力锦囊七：戒浮躁多练习
1. 上午模考练习，目前听到比听懂更重要！切勿纠结。
2. 复盘真题，进行跟读练习，熟悉发音。（坚持到考前）
①拿出一个片段，先听做题；
②看着原文听录音；
③听一句跟读一句；
④ 闭眼盲听，知道每一个单词都听到。
⑤对自己要求高的同学，可以对原文进行翻译总结。（听懂需要大量时间）
3. 调试好耳机，如果怕出问题带两幅。
-45-
