2024年12月四级真题+解析第2套_英语四六级保存避免失效_最新更新，视频都在这_2026、6月四级速转存易和谐_0、2025年12月四级_04.笑过四级全程班周思成_00.讲义_四级真题

2024 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on how to enrich students’ knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1．A)Theywillseea27%higherpricetobuynaturalgas. B)Theywillhaveinsufficientheatingoiltokeepwarm. C)Theywillhaveacostlybilltopaytoheattheirhomes. D)Theywillexperiencethecoldestwinterinfourdecades. 2．A)ProvidedadditionalfundingtoLowIncomeHomeEnergyAssistanceProgram. B)AssuredU.S.citizensofanincreaseinenergysuppliesbytheendofthisyear. C)Predicteda10%jumpinheatingbillsformostU.S.householdsthiswinter. D)Decidedonthisyear’senergyassistancepackageof$8billionintotal. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3．A)Theycarelessabouttheirdietnowthanbefore. B)Theymaylackadequateknowledgeofhealthyfood. C)Theymayholdtoooptimisticaviewabouttheirdiet. D)Theypayinsufficientattentiontotheirchoiceoffood. 4．A)Thosewhofinished24-hourfoodquestionnaires. B)Thosewhofullyunderstoodtheratingscale. 1真题集训 CET-4 C)Thosewhocaredaboutfoodquality. D)Thosewhoratedtheirdietaspoor. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5．A)Theyexperiencedaheartbreakingmoment. B)Theygatheredtogethertorescueanelephant. C)Theyheardanoisefromthebottomofawell. D)Theyfoundanelephantwanderingaroundawell. 6．A)Toborrowtheircrane. B)Toaskthemforhelp. C)Toreportthestrangenoise. D)Togetfoodfortheelephant. 7．A)Theelephantwasabletoreturntothejungle. B)Thearmyofficerswereexaminedforinjuries. C)Thearmyofficerswererewardedfortheirrescueefforts. D)Theelephantwasgivenmedicaltreatmentformanydays. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B）,C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8．A)Hefoundithadcausedhimmuchinconvenience. B)Itledhimtospendmoremoneythannecessary. C)Itwasmuchlesssecurethanpayingwithcash. D)Hewantedtobelessdependentonhisphone. 9．A)Livingbeyondhermeans. B)Lackofbudgetingstrategies. C)Fashionaddiction. D)Impulsepurchasing. 10．A)Eathealthierfoodwithlessmoney. B)Orderfoodlikeburgersandchips. C)Avoidgettingaddictedtojunkfood. D)Payeitherincashorwithhisphone. 11．A)Makingashoppinglist. B)Stickingtohisbudget. 22024年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） C)Withdrawingcashonlyonceamonth. D)Thinkingtwicebeforebuyingsomething. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12．A)Hedoesnotenjoyanyballgames. B)Hehastoprepareforthefuture. C)Hehasbreathingproblems. D)Heisnotuptoanythingchallenging. 13．A)Soccer. B)Badminton. C)Volleyball. D)Basketball. 14．A)Thepossibilitiesofjoiningtheschoolsportsteam. B)Theopportunitiesofwinningsomechampionships. C)Thechancesofgettinganathleticscholarshiplateron. D)Theoddsofbecomingaprofessionalsportsmansomeday. 15．A)Itdiffersentirelyfromindoorvolleyball. B)Itappealstobothschoolgirlsandschoolboys. C)Itislesspopularthanindoorsportsinthecountry. D)Itiscompletelydifferentfromotheroutdoorgames. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16．A)Itusuallyrequiresyearsofpreparations. B)Itdoesalotofharmtotheenvironment. C)Itoftenburnsoverthreehundredtonnesofrefinedfuel. D)Itprovestobethemostcomplicatedstageofspacemissions. 17．A)Theyareburntupinouterspace. B)TheyareguidedbacktoEarth. C)Theyarereusedupto100times. D)Theyaretreatedasexpendable. 18．A)Newtechnologiesforbringingbackspacevehiclesforrecycling. B)Thetechnologyformeetingtheneedsofcommercialspacetravel. 3真题集训 CET-4 C)ManyofthetechnologiestolimittheimpactofspacetravelonEarth. D)Thetechnologyforeffectivelyprotectingozonefrombeingdestroyed. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19．A)Itcanhelpunskilledreadersfeelmoresecure. B)Itcanencouragereluctantreaderstoreadaloud. C)Itcanstrengthenchildren’sconfidenceinothers. D)Itcanboostchildren’sinterestincommunication. 20．A)Bymotivatingchildrentofindoutabouttheirfavouritepets. B)Bytakingchildrentothelibrarytoborrowbooksonanimals. C)Byallowingchildrentosurftheinternetaboutpetsbythemselves. D)Byshowingchildrenhowtoacquireknowledgeabouthealthypets. 21．A)Bylearningthatraisingpetscandomuchgood. B)Bywatchinghowhealthypetsarebroughtup. C)Byhearingabouttheirpeers’passionforpets. D)Byvisitingfriendswhohavehouseholdpets. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22．A)Sendwould-bestudentsapacketofinformation. B)Updateregularlyallinformationontheirwebsites. C)Informprospectivestudentsoftheiryearlyenrollment. D)Answerquestionsraisedbyapplicantsandtheirparents. 23．A)Overseeprivateinstitutionsdirectly. B)Followotherstates’example. C)Superviseallschoolsconsistently. D)Regulatepublicinstitutionsbylaw. 24．A)Theyareresourceful. B)Theyarecompetitive. C)Theyprovidethebestopportunitytorealizeone’sdream. D)TheyappealmosttostudentsfromotherstatesintheU.S. 25．A)Somestudentswastemuchtimesurfingthenet. B)Studentsmayneedtovisittoomanywebsites. C)Studentshavetosearchfortheinformation. D)Somestudentsmaylackadequateaccess. Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word 42024年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． WhenToniMorrisondiedin2019,theworldlostoneofitsmostinfluentialauthors.ButMorrison wasnotanearlysuccess.Herfirstnovelwasnotpublisheduntilshewas39,andherlastappeared whenshewas84.AndMorrisonwasnot26inthisregard.Numerouswritersproducemasterpieces wellintotheir70sandbeyond.Such27accomplishmentshighlightanimportantpoint.Our capacitytospeak,writeandlearnnewvocabularydoesnotseemto28withage.Oureyesightmay dimandourrecallmayweaken,but,bycomparison,ourabilitytoproduceandto29languageis wellpreservedintoolderadulthood. Indeed,thelatestresearchthathasemergedonlanguageandagingshowsthatlanguagemastery isa30thatwebeginasinfantsandcontinueonfortherestofourlives.Someaspectsofour languageabilities,suchasourknowledgeofwordmeanings,31improveduringmiddleandlate adulthood.Onestudy,forexample,foundthatadultsoversixtyhadanaveragevocabularysizeofover 21,000words.Theresearchersalsostudieda32ofcollegestudentsandfoundthattheiraverage vocabularycontained3316,000words.Inanotherstudy,olderadults,withanaverageageof75, 34betterthanparticipantsintheiryouthormiddleyearsontasksthatrequiredthemtodetermine themeaningofwords.Thus,languageseemstobeaskillthat,contrarytowhatmanymight35, doesnotweakenwithage. A)actually F)deteriorate K)rarely B)approximately G)equivalent L)sample C)assume H)journey M)undermined D)component I)literary N)unique E)comprehend J)performed O)unit Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. If we care about plastic waste, why won’t we stop drinking bottled water? We have all seen the damage plastic waste is doing around the world, but sales of bottled water have continued to grow. A)F oralltheinnovationandchoicethatdefinethefoodanddrinkindustries,ifyouwanttomake money,youcoulddoalotworsethanfillabottlewithwaterandsellit.Alitreoftapwater, thestuffwehavecleverlypipedintoourhomes,costslessthanhalfapenny.Alitreofbottled 5真题集训 CET-4 watercancostwelloverapound,especiallyforsomethingfancythathasbeensuckedthrough amountain. B)Yetthebottledwatermarketislivelierthanever.Itdefiesourincreasingawarenessofthe harmplasticsdototheenvironmentandabroader,growingsensethatsomethinghasto change.SalesintheUKwerewortharecord£558.4millionthispastyear,anincreaseof 7%,accordingtothelatestfiguresfromthemarketanalystKantar.Separatedatafromother analystsshowthatlastyeartheBritishconsumedmorethan2.2billionlitresofbottledwater, including“take-home”and“on-the-go”products.That’sanannualriseinvolumeof8.5%. C)Environmentalcampaignersarestrugglingtounderstandwhynationsblessedwithcleantap watergrowonlyfonderofthebottle.“It’sverysurprisingtome,”saysSamChetanWalsh,a politicaladviseratGreenpeaceandcampaigneragainstoceanplastic.“Publicawarenesshas neverbeenhigher,butthemessageisnotquitereachingallthepeopleitneedsto.”Whereit isheard,themessageiscausingconcern.Plasticwaterbottlesrequireoceansoffossilfuelsto makeandship.Additionally,single-useplasticsofalltypesarepollutingourcitiesandseas. Numerousdocumentarieshaveshownhowplasticisultimatelykillingwildlife. D)M ovesagainstvariousplasticshavegatheredpace,fromshoppingbagstostrawsandplastic- linedcoffeecups.Chetan-Walsharguesthatbottledwaterisdifferentbecausethealternatives aresoobvious.“Ifaproductthatissonakedlyunnecessarycanexist,thenthewholesystemis failing,”hesays. E)H opeisnotentirelyoutofreach.Therateofgrowthhasbeguntoease(saleswereup7%in theyear,comparedwith8%thepreviousyear). F)Buteveniflargenumbersofpeoplearequittingbottledwaterbecauseofcareforthe environment,othersaretakingitup.Theintroductionofthe“sugartax”onjuicesandsoda drinkshaspushedmorepeopletobottledwater,whilehealthawarenesshasboostedits desirability.Tapwaterconsumptionisgrowingatroughlythesamepace(UKconsumersstill drinkalmostthreetimesasmuchtapwaterasbottledwater). G)Sotheplastictideonlycreepshigher.Theindustryisquicktopointoutthatallitsbottles arerecyclable.“Butcollectionratesare,atthemostgenerousestimates,56%,sotheactual recyclingratewillbelowerthanthat,”Chetan-Walshsays.Andwhilebottlesmaybe recyclable,veryfewaremadeofrecycledplastic.Onewaterbottlecompanylaunched recycledhalf-litre“eco”bottlesalongsideitsstandardbottles.Anotherhaspledgedtouseonly recycledplasticacrossitsrangeby2025.Chetan-Walshbelievesinabanonsingleusebottles. Bansdoexistinsomeplaces.Organisersofafamousmusicfestivalannouncedthatwater bottleswillnotbesoldthissummer.SanFranciscohasbannedthemfromcitypropertyand events.Lastyear,theUKgovernmentsetoutplanstobansingle-useplasticfromitsestate. H)W aterbottlers,unsurprisingly,don’tsupportbans.Buttheyraiseconcernsabouthealthrather thanprofitmargins.Lastmonthonechiefexecutiveofawaterbottlingcompanysaidthat banswould“resultingreaterconsumptionofsugarydrinks,addingtoallthehealthdangers 62024年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） ofobesity,diabetesandtoothdecay”.KinvaraCarey,generalmanagerofanassociationof thebiggestbottledwatermanufacturers,citesasurveyinwhichpeoplewereaskedwhatthey woulddoifbottledwaterwerenotavailable.“Forty-fourpercentwouldbuyanotherdrink, whichisnotgreat,14%wouldgowithoutand4.5%saidtheywouldfindafountain,”shesays. “Thechoiceisimportant.” I)Whatiffountainsweremorenumerous,andtapwatermoreclearlyavailableincafes, restaurantsandelsewhere?DozensoffountainsarebeinginstalledinLondon.Therearesimilar initiativeselsewhere.Beforeplasticandthemarketingthatmadepeoplethinktheyneeded bottledwaterinthefirstplace,fountainswereanurbanfixture.Greenpeace,amongothers,is alsopushingfora“depositreturn”scheme.Thiswouldmeantaxonbottledwaterwouldbe refundedtocustomerswhoreturnedtheplasticforrecycling. J)E venifbottledwatersalesaregrowingslightlymoreslowly,theindustryisracingtoadaptto changingconcernsandtastes.Flavouredwaterisbooming:salesofthesparklingvarietyshot upby20%,accordingtothelatestanalystdata.Meanwhile,internationalwaterbrands,aswell asarangeofnewcompanies,aresellinghigh-endreusablebottles.Andifyoumustfillthem withtapwater,whynotaddflavouring? K)A stheownerofmultiplesugarydrinkbrandsandbottledwater,PepsiCoisfacingchallenges onhealthandenvironmentalfronts.Lastyear,thecompanyboughtSodaStream(adrinks companythatsellsmachinesformakingtapwaterbubblyandthenconsumersaddflavours) for$3.2billion.Italsolaunchedarangeoffancybottlesthatworkwithtapwaterandflavour packets.Thebottleisreusable.Thepackets?Notsomuch,and,yes,theyaremadeofplastic, althoughthecompanyinvitesuserstopostthembackforrecycling. L)A sissooftenthecase,clevermarketingcanbeatreason;awarenessisrarelyenough.“There isalwaysthiskindofslipbetweenconcern,intentandchangedbehaviour,”saysGilesQuick, ananalystofbottledwater.“Thebestexampleisfiveaday,therecommendationtohaveat leastfiveportionsoffruitandvegetableseveryday.Almosteveryoneisawareofthis,but somethinglike15%ofusachieveit.”Unlessafar-reachingbottlebandoescomeintoforce,it willbeuptoconsumerstonotonlydemandchange—buttoactthemselves. 36．Judgingfromtheslowingrateofsalesgrowth,thereisstillhopetocombatbottledwater. 37．Bottledwatermanufacturersbasetheirargumentsagainstbansofplasticbottlesonhealth concernsratherthanonprofits. 38．SalesofbottledwaterinBritainhitarecordhighlastyeareventhoughpeopleareincreasingly awarethatplasticsareenvironmentallyunfriendly. 39．Itoftenhappensthatpeoplecanlackreasonwhenfacedwithskillfulmarketing. 40．OnecityonthewestcoastofAmericahasbannedsingle-usebottlesfromitspropertyandevents. 41．Manufacturingandshippingofplasticwaterbottlesconsumeatremendousamountoffossilfuels. 42．Onelargebeveragecompanyhasadapteditsoperationswhenconfrontedwithchallengesfrom healthandenvironmentaladvocates. 7真题集训 CET-4 43．Bottledwaterisconsiderablymoreexpensivethantapwater. 44．Fountainscouldbeseenincitiesbeforebottledwaterbecamepopular. 45．Morepeoplehavetakentobottledwaterbecauseoftheirhealthawareness Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Theweakeningofthehumanconnectiontonaturemightbegoodforeconomicgrowthbutisbad forpeople.Atippingpointwasreachedin2020whenhuman-madematerials—suchassteel,concrete andplastic—werefoundtoweighmorethanalllifeonEarth.Continuingtogrowconcreteforests ratherthanrealonesisshortsighted.Simplybeinginthenearestwoodhassuchhealthbenefitsthatthe WoodlandTrustsuccessfullylobbiedforittobeprescribedbydoctors. Yetslippingfrompopularcultureisthewonderandbeautyofthenaturalworld.Foreverythree nature-relatedwordsinhitsongsofthe1950s,researchersfound,therewasonlyslightlymorethan one50yearslater.Itisnotamomenttoosoonthatteenagerswillbeabletotakeanaturalhistory test,giventhatfordecadeschildrenhavebeenabletonamemorevideogamecharactersthanwildlife species. Partofremedyingthissocialdiseasewouldbeforparliamenttopassa“righttogrow”law, allowinganyonetoturnunderusedpublicspacesintovegetableandfruitgardens.Theideaisfor peopletogetbackintouchwiththesoil—whileproducingfoodsustainably. Vegetableplantinghasarespectabletradition.InApril1649,localsrespondedtohighprices andfoodshortagesbycultivatingvegetablesoncommonlandinSouthernEngland.Thepracticeof throwingseedbombstoturnvacantplotsoflandgreentookoffin1970sNewYork,andhasbeen revived (使复活)bygreen-thumbed (有园艺才能的)socialmediainfluencerswhodefylocalUS regulationsinawaronuglyspotsincities. Apartfromtheurgenttaskofprovidingmorehealthynutrientstothosewhoincreasinglycan’t affordthem,publiclyaccessiblefruitandvegetablegardensconnectwhatweeattowhereitcomes from—themeansofproduction,ifyouwill.Theycanmakeunlovelyspaceslovely,andmarryuse andbeautyaswellashelppromoteasenseofcommunity.Plantsarealso,ofcourse,ourfirstdefence againstspecieslossandclimatechange.Suchplantingisasmallstepforhumanity—intheright direction. 46．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoemphasiseinthefirstparagraph? A)Theyear2020wasabigturningpointinhumanhistory. 82024年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） B)Economicgrowthbenefitspeoplelittleinthelongrun. C)Itisunwisetoweakenthehumanconnectiontonature. D)Itisharmfultomankindtousehuman-madematerials. 47．Whatdidresearchersfindaboutpopularculture? A)Itisincreasinglydetachedfromthenaturalworld. B)Itisfilledwithallkindsofvideogamecharacters. C)Itisespeciallyappealingtothetasteofteenagers. D)Itisstillimpactedbythehitsongsofthe1950s. 48．Whatdoestheauthorproposepeopledo? A)Takemeasurestoensuresustainablefooddevelopment. B)Reconnectwithnaturethroughtherighttogrow. C)Standbytheparliamentinfightingsocialdiseases. D)Coverpublicspaceswithfruittreesandvegetableplants. 49．Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutvegetableplanting? A)Itallstartedin1649inSouthernEngland. B)ItisprotectedbyUSgovernmentregulations. C)Ithaslongbeenusedtoincreasefoodsupplyandimproveurbanlandscape. D)Ithasbeenpopularisedworldwidewiththeincreasinginfluenceofsocialmedia. 50．Whatcanpubliclyaccessiblefruitandvegetablegardensdoapartfromtheirpracticalfunctions? A)Raisepeople’senvironmentalawareness. B)Addtothegreatvarietyofplantspecies. C)Actasthefirstdefenceagainstnaturaldisasters. D)Enhancepeople’scommunityspirit. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. EngineeringintheU.S.haslongbeenamale-dominatedprofession.Fiftyyearsago,itlooked likethatmightchange. In1970,thepercentageofwomenmajoringinengineeringwaslessthan1%.In1979,that numberwas9%.Manyhopedwomenwouldcontinuetoenterthefieldatthesamerate.Butthat’snot whathappened.Today,only21%ofengineeringmajorsarewomen,anumberlargelyunchangedsince 2000. Iamahistorianwho,alongwithmycolleagues,surveyed251womenengineerswhograduated fromcollegeinthe1970s.Thesepioneersreflectedonthechallengestheyfaced—andhadadvicefor womenenteringthefieldtoday. Onesurveytakerexplained,“Thegreatestchallengeformewascontinuingtobelieveinmyself, whenallthemessagesIwasgettingwerethatIwouldneverbetakenseriouslyorpromotedorgiven raisesatthesamerateasmen,whowereclearlylessqualifiedandnotassmartasIwas.” Achemicalengineerwhoworkedinmanufacturingagreed,“Youhavetoproveyourselfjust 9真题集训 CET-4 becauseyouarefemale.Andyouhavetoworktwiceashard!” Acivilengineersaid,“Weare‘womenengineers.’Peopledon’trefertoamanasa‘man engineer’—he’sanengineer.Weareconstantlyremindedthatwedon’ttrulybelong.”Anothercivil engineerstated,“Onmanylevels,you’reneverquiteoneofthegroups.” Womenalsotalkedaboutfamilycaregivingresponsibilities.Aretiredvicepresidentfromamajor chemicalcompanystated,“Youngwomenengineersareonanequalfootinguntiltheyhavechildren, thentheystruggletobalanceworkandfamily—andcompetewithmenwhodon’thavethesame householdresponsibilities.” Butovertheyearsthingshavechangedalot.Youngwomenengineersaremoreacceptedmostly becausetherearejustmoreofthem. Manywomenengineershailedthebenefitsoftheirchosencareer.Aprogrammanagerin manufacturingstatedthatengineeringisthebestdegree.Amechanicalengineersaid,“Itwillgiveyou theflexibilitytodoalmostanything.Itisalsosatisfyingtoseetheeffectsofwhatyouhavedone.” 51．WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheengineeringprofessionintheUnitedStates? A)Ithasseenachangeinattitudetowardswomenengineerssince1979. B)Itwitnessedasignificantincreaseinwomenengineersinthe1970s. C)Ithasexperiencedthegradualweakeningofmaledominance. D)Itboastedthelargestnumberofengineeringmajorsin2000. 52．Whatdoesonesurveytakersaywashergreatestchallenge? A)Nottofeelsuperiortolessqualifiedmaleengineers. B)Nottotakeseriouslyallthemessagesshewasgetting. C)Nottothinkhighlyofherqualificationswhenpromotedorgivenapayraise. D)Nottoloseself-confidencethoughconstantlydiscouragedorunfairlytreated. 53．Howdowomenengineersfrequentlyfeelaccordingtothetwocivilengineers? A)Disqualifiedonmanylevels. B)Excludedfromthegroup. C)Overworkedbytheirorganizations. D)Lookeddownuponbymalecolleagues. 54．Whatprobablymakesyoungwomenengineersmoreacceptednowadays? A)Theirsuccessingaininganequalfooting.C)Thechangeintheirresponsibilities. B)Theirabilitytobalanceworkandfamily.D)Theincreaseintheirnumber. 55．Whatcanweconcludeaboutmanyfemaleengineersfromthestatementofamechanical engineer? A)Theytakegreatprideintheirchosencareer. B)Theyhavereapedthebenefitsofbeingflexible. C)Theyenjoydoingengineeringtothebestdegree. D)Theyhaveprovedcapableofdoingalmostanything. 102024年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套） Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 敦煌莫高窟（MogaoGrottoes）数字展示中心于 2014 年开放启用，是莫高窟保护利用工程 的重要组成部分。展示中心采用数字技术和多媒体展示手段，使游客进入洞窟参观之前就能了 解莫高窟的历史文化，鉴赏莫高窟的艺术经典。这将减少开放洞窟的数量，缩短游客在洞窟内 的逗留时间，减轻参观对莫高窟造成的影响，以使这一世界文化 遗产得到妥善保护、长久利用。 11真题集训 CET-4 2024 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题 答案与解析 ( 第 2 套） Part I Writing He preservation and enrichment of traditional Chinese culture is vital for maintaining national identity. This can be achieved through education, international exchange, and economic support. Firstly, incorporating traditional culture into the education system fosters a deeper understanding among youth. By teaching calligraphy, folklore, and classical texts, schools can instill cultural pride. Secondly, cultural exchange programs can showcase Chinese traditions globally, promoting mutual respect and appreciation. Lastly, supporting traditional artisans with subsidies and markets helps sustain crafts and encourages innovation. In summary, enriching traditional Chinese culture involves educational initiatives, international engagement, and economic backing for artisans. By adopting these strategies, we can ensure the enduring legacy of our cultural heritage. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A News Report One (1) Across the U.S., families are looking to the winter with fear as energy costs soar. A number of factors are creating a bad situation. Global energy consumption is up, but supplies have been reduced. The Energy Department projects heating bills will jump 28% this winter for those who rely on natural gas. Natural gas is used by nearly half of U.S. households for heat. Heating oil is projected to be 27% higher and electricity 10% higher. That comes against inflation rates that accelerated last month with consumer prices growing 6.6%. That’s the fastest pace in four decades. The pain will be especially acute in parts of the country that heavily rely on heating oil to keep homes warm. It’s projected to cost more than $2,300 to heat a typical home with heating oil this winter. (2) Last month, the federal government added $1 billion in funding to Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, bringing the total to $4.8 billion. But that represents a reduction from last year’s energy assistance package of over $8 billion. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1． Why are families across the U.S. looking to this winter with fear? 2． What did the federal government do last month? 122024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） 1． 【答案】C 【考点分析】新闻题黄金倒三角原则，前三句出答案，留意相关信息。 同义替换，原文第一句提到，随着能源成本飙升，美国各地家庭对冬天充满恐惧。其中 energy costs soar与C选项中的costly bill to pay to heat their homes构成同义替换，故C选 项正确。 【错误选项分析】A B D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“27% higher, natural gas, heating oil, keep warm, winter, four decades”，信息表述不完整。 2． 【答案】A 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，上个月，联邦政府向低收入家庭能源援助项目追 加了10亿美元的资金，使总额达到48亿美元。直接对应选项A。 【错误选项分析】B C D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“supplies, 10%, U.S. households, energy assistance package, $8 billion”，信息表述不完整。 News Report Two (3) Many Americans think they make healthy food choices, but they may be viewing their diet too optimistically. That’s the main finding of a new study by researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Stoneville, Mississippi. The study aimed to identify disconnects between how healthily Americans think they eat and how they actually do. For the study, the researchers asked participants to rate their diet as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor. Folks also completed 24-hour food questionnaires. Then, the researchers compared answers to see how well responses to the two exercises matched up. Of more than 9,700 people, roughly 85% were off base when asked to rate the quality of their diet, and almost all overestimated how healthy it was. (4) Those who rated their diet as poor tended to be far more accurate. Their rating matched that of the researchers more than nine times out of ten. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3． What is the main finding of a new study about many Americans? 4． Who tended to rate their diet more accurately in the survey? 3． 【答案】C 【考点分析】新闻题黄金倒三角原则，前三句出答案，留意相关信息。 所听即所选，原文第一句提到，很多美国人认为自己选择了健康食品，但他们对自己的饮 食可能过于乐观。直接对应选项C。 【错误选项分析】A B D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“diet, healthy food choices”，信息表述不完整。 4． 【答案】D 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，认为自己饮食不健康的人往往更准确。直接对应 选项D。 13真题集训 CET-4 【错误选项分析】A偷换概念，不是题干中对饮食质量评价更准确的人。 B C细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“rate, quality”，信息表述不完整。 News Report Three (5) It was a heartwarming moment that dozens of Indian rescuers rallied together to use a crane in order to save an elephant trapped at the bottom of a 20-foot well. The massive rescue effort took place last week close to an army camp. The elephant wandered out of the jungle and fell into the well. The army officers heard a noise coming from the well and realized an elephant was trapped deep inside. (6) The officers then threw in some food for the creature and called the local forest department for help. Video of the rescue operation shows how the team used a crane to lift up the huge animal out of the well and onto the back of a truck. It was then taken to an examining room for evaluation of any injuries. (7) The elephant was kept under close supervision for a few days before it was successfully released back into the wild. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5． What does the report say dozens of Indians did last week? 6． Why did the army officers call the local forest department? 7． What does the news report say happened finally? 5． 【答案】B 【考点分析】新闻题黄金倒三角原则，前三句出答案，留意相关信息。 同义替换，原文第一句提到，这是让人感动的时刻，一头大象被困在20英尺深的井 底，数十名印度救援人员聚集在一起，使用起重机将其救出。其中rallied与B选项中的 gathered构成同义替换，rescue与save构成同义替换，故B选项正确。 【错误选项分析】A D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“moment, elephant, wandered”，信息表述不完整。 C偷换概念，不是题干中上周数十名印度救援人员的信息，而是军官们的信息。 6． 【答案】B 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，军官们给这头大象扔了一些食物，同时打电话向 当地林业部门寻求帮助。直接对应选项B。 【错误选项分析】A C D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“crane, noise, food”， 信息表述不完整。 7． 【答案】A 【考点分析】同义替换，原文中提到，被密切照看几天后，这头大象成功回归野外。其中 was released back into the wild与A选项中的return to the jungle构成同义替换，故A选项正确。 【错误选项分析】B C细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“army officers, examining, injuries, rescue effort”，信息表述不完整。 D无中生有，在原文中未提及。 142024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） Section B Conversation One M: I need to stop at the bank to withdraw some cash. W: Why not just pay with your phone? M: Well, actually, I’ve stopped using online payments for the past three months now. W: Stopped paying online? Oh, you must be worried that online payments aren’t secure. M: No, they are safe. But paying online is too convenient. (8) I spent too much money on things I didn’t need. W: ( 9) Oh, impulse purchases can be an issue for me, too. I’ve definitely bought clothes and shoes I didn’t need because they were on sale, and paying with my phone was so easy. But I’ve found that if I review my spending every night, that keeps me from spending too much. M: I tried that strategy, but it just didn’t work, because I’d be busy studying all day. (10) Then when I was tired and hungry, I’d use my phone to order food, like burgers and other junk, instead of going to the canteen where I could get a healthier meal for half the price. W: Well, what do you do now then? It seems like you’d have the same problems with cash. M: I go to the bank once a week, and the rest of the time I keep my bank card at home, so I can’t get more cash out. And I also have a notebook where I record my expenses. W: But what prevents you from just going to the bank and getting more money if you want to buy something? M: The first month I did withdraw extra cash twice, but I felt guilty about it. (11) And after that, I refused to spend more than what I had budgeted. And by now, it’s just a habit. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8． Why has the man stopped paying online for the last three months? 9． What problem does the woman say she may also have? 10． What does the man say he could do at the canteen? 11． What is now just a habit for the man? 8． 【答案】B 【考点分析】所听即所选，对话中男士表示，他在不需要的东西上花了太多钱。直接对应 选项B。 【错误选项分析】A相反信息，原文中提到，在线支付太方便了。 C相反信息，原文中提到，在线支付很安全。 D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“phone”，信息表述不完整。 9． 【答案】D 【考点分析】所听即所选，对话中女士表示，冲动购物对她来说也是个问题。直接对应选项D。 【错误选项分析】A C无中生有，在原文中均未提及。 B细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“strategy”，信息表述不完整。 15真题集训 CET-4 10． 【答案】A 【考点分析】同义替换，对话中男士表示，当他又累又饿的时候，只会用手机订餐，比 如汉堡和其他垃圾食品，不会去食堂吃饭，食堂的饭菜价格便宜一半，还更健康。其中 meal与A选项中的food构成同义替换，half the price与less money构成同义替换，故A 选项正确。 【错误选项分析】B偷换概念，不是题干中男士可以在食堂做的事情，而是他会用手机做 的事情。 C D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“junk, food, cash, phone”，信息表述不完整。 11． 【答案】B 【考点分析】长对话一问一答容易出考点，留意相关信息。 所听即所选，对话中男士表示，在那之后，他就拒绝花超过预算的钱。直接对应选项B。 【错误选项分析】A无中生有，在原文中未提及。 C D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“withdraw cash, buy something”，信息表 述不完整。 Conversation Two M: Please hear me out. I don’t want our son to spend his afternoons doing something he hates, even if it might prepare him for the future. What about getting him to join a sport like soccer? From all the running and training, he could become quite athletic, not to mention the great physical benefits from exercising outside every day. W: ( 12) Um, I don’t think he should be doing something so challenging with all his breathing issues. What about playing an indoor sport like badminton? The environment is easier to control, and he can still get a good workout in addition to improving his hand-eye coordination. Besides, I could teach him some of the basics from my time as a badminton player. M: Um, I’m thinking team sports should be the way to go. There’s nothing like playing as part of a unit to accomplish a goal like winning a game or even a championship. (13) He could try basketball since many of the courts are indoors now; and it’s a sport that could help him understand team spirit while cooperating with others. Maybe he could even join the school basketball team when he’s ready. W: Oh, oh, what about volleyball? It’s a team sport, and they often have mixed-gender teams, so he could socialize with both girls and boys. (14) It’s not as popular as some sports, which means he has better odds of possibly getting an athletic scholarship in the future. I also believe you were a beach volleyball athlete yourself not so long ago. M: ( 15) As I’ve said many times before, beach volleyball and indoor volleyball are completely different. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12． Why is the woman opposed to their son joining a sport like soccer? 162024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） 13． What does the man suggest their son try in order to understand team spirit? 14． What is one of the woman’s considerations in choosing a sport for her son? 15． What does the man say about beach volleyball? 12． 【答案】C 【考点分析】长对话前2个回合容易出答案，留意相关信息。 所听即所选，对话中女士表示，儿子有呼吸问题，不应该做这么有挑战性的事。直接对应 选项C。其中issues与C选项中的problems构成同义替换。 【错误选项分析】A D 细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如 “basketball, challenging”，信息表述不完整。 B偷换概念，不是题干中女士反对孩子踢足球的原因，而是男士的看法。 13． 【答案】D 【考点分析】所听即所选，对话中男士表示，可以让儿子尝试打篮球，因为现在许多球场 都在室内，而且打篮球可以帮助孩子在与他人的合作中更好理解团队精神。直接对应选 项D。 【错误选项分析】A B C偷换概念，不是题干中可以帮助孩子理解团队精神的运动。 14． 【答案】C 【考点分析】所听即所选，对话中女士表示，排球不像某些运动那样受欢迎，这意味着儿 子将来获得体育奖学金的可能性更大。直接对应选项C。其中odds与C选项中的chances 构成同义替换，in the future与later on构成同义替换。 【错误选项分析】A B D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“possibly, join, team, winning, championship, odds”，信息表述不完整。 15． 【答案】A 【考点分析】所听即所选，对话中男士表示，沙滩排球和室内排球完全不同。直接对应选 项A。其中completely与A选项中的entirely构成同义替换。 【错误选项分析】B C D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“girls and boys, popular, indoor, completely different”，信息表述不完整。 Section C Passage One (16) Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes. For instance, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO2. This is the equivalent produced by your average car driving almost 70 times around the world. As well as greenhouse gases, rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone. These issues are growing more pressing with the emergence of commercial spaceflight. There were 114 space launches in 2020, but there may be up to 1,000 per year in future. Sustainable fuels are the top priority to enable greener space travel. Current spacecraft 17真题集训 CET-4 use a variety of fuels, but most are based on fossil fuels. One potentially greener option is liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be obtained sustainably by using solar power to break water down into oxygen and hydrogen. Reusable rockets can cut down on some of the waste associated with spaceflight. (17) Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable. But guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner opens new possibilities—most components from the Falcon 9 can be reused up to 100 times. Truly environmentally friendly space travel is still some way off. (18) But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16． What do we learn from the passage about the lift-off of spacecraft? 17． What happens traditionally to boosters, fuel tanks and other components in spaceflight? 18． What does the passage say we already have regarding spaceflight? 16． 【答案】B 【考点分析】短文前三后二原则，前三句易出考点，留意相关信息。 所听即所选，原文第一句提到，在所有的太空任务中，发射阶段通常都是对环境危害最大 的阶段，大量燃料会在短短几分钟内就燃烧殆尽。直接对应选项B。 【错误选项分析】A C D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“usually, burnt up, 336, tonnes of refined fuel, stage of any space mission”，信息表述不完整。 17． 【答案】D 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件被视为消耗品。 直接对应选项D。 【错误选项分析】A细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“burnt up, space”，信息表 述不完整。 B C偷换概念，不是题干中传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件的信息。 18． 【答案】C 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，但我们已经拥有了很多必要的技术，可以开始减 少太空旅行对地球的影响。直接对应选项C。其中our planet与C选项中的Earth构成同 义替换。 【错误选项分析】A B D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“back, commercial, space travel, destroy ozone”，信息表述不完整。 Passage Two Helping to look after a pet can facilitate numerous aspects of a child’s emotional development. (19) Research shows that reading to a loyal and non-judgmental companion, such as a dog or cat, can encourage reluctant readers to read aloud, which will in turn boost their self-confidence. Having a companion to talk to about their feelings can also help children feel secure and develop communication 182024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） skills. A household pet can also cultivate a child’s sense of responsibility as their parent explains the necessary processes of keeping their pet happy and healthy. As a child matures, they can then take on more of the daily responsibilities, boosting their sense of independence. Pets also provide a fantastic subject for research and learning. (20) Parents can encourage their child to research their favourite pets at the library or during a supervised internet search. Taking children along to the pet shop to buy food and supplies will support their cognitive development as their passion for learning flourishes. A child’s physical development can benefit greatly from taking pets for walks in the fresh air. Even their fine motor skills can be utilised in taking care of a beloved animal. When responsibilities are well paced and communicated, a child can benefit greatly from involvement in bringing up a happy and healthy pet. (21) And of course, if a child doesn’t have a pet in their own household, they can still benefit from all of the above when visiting a friend who does. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19． What does research show about reading to a loyal and non-judgmental companion? 20． How can parents make pets a fantastic subject for their children’s research and learning? 21． How can children still benefit even when their family doesn’t have a pet? 19． 【答案】B 【考点分析】短文前三后二原则，前三句易出考点，留意相关信息。 所听即所选，原文中提到，研究表明，给忠实且不妄加批判的同伴（如狗或猫）读书，可 以鼓励那些不愿意朗读的孩子大声朗读，还能增强他们的自信心。直接对应选项B。 【错误选项分析】A C D 细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如 “secure, self- confidence, communication”，信息表述不完整。 20． 【答案】A 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，父母可以鼓励孩子去图书馆或在监督下进行 网络搜索，研究他们最喜欢的宠物。直接对应选项A。其中encourage与A选项中的 motivating构成同义替换。 【错误选项分析】B C D细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“library, internet, healthy pet”，信息表述不完整。 21． 【答案】D 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，如果孩子的家里没有宠物，在去有宠物的朋友家 里做客时，他们仍然可以从中受益。直接对应选项D。 【错误选项分析】A B C细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“learning, healthy pet, bringing up, passion”，信息表述不完整。 Passage Three (22) A new bill in the Ohio legislature would require state public colleges and universities to send prospective students a packet of information. This would include costs of college, grants 19真题集训 CET-4 and scholarships. It would also include expected monthly loan payments and projected salary after college. State Representative Adam Mathews is one of the two legislators who proposed the bill. He said it would give prospective students more information about what to expect once they graduate. “Putting that information in front of them will give them the best opportunity to match their skills and their dreams to what our schools can provide,” said Mathews. (23) He notes that the state can only regulate public institutions in this way, but he hopes private institutions in Ohio follow the lead of the state and post similar information. He believes giving out this information will help Ohio’s colleges and universities to be more competitive. The information will highlight what a great value they have for their very reasonable cost. (24) Ohio’s schools are already competitive. The state attracts more undergraduate students than it sends to colleges out of state. Many colleges and universities currently provide similar information on their websites. This includes tuition, fees, graduation rates and more. (25) But students need to search for the information. This bill would require the universities and colleges to send a packet directly to students. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22． What would the new bill in the Ohio legislature require public colleges and universities to do? 23． What can the state only do according to Adam Mathews? 24． What do we learn about Ohio’s schools from the passage? 25． What is the problem with schools providing information on their websites? 22． 【答案】A 【考点分析】短文前三后二原则，前三句易出考点，留意相关信息。 所听即所选，原文第一句提到，俄亥俄州立法机构的一项新法案将要求州立公立学院和 大学向有意愿的学生发送一份资料。直接对应选项A。其中prospective与A选项中的 would-be构成同义替换。 【错误选项分析】B C细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“information, prospective students”，信息表述不完整。 D无中生有，在原文中未提及。 23． 【答案】D 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，马修斯指出该州用这种方式只能对公立大学进行 监管，但他希望俄亥俄州的私立大学能够效仿做法，发送类似的信息。直接对应选项D。 【错误选项分析】A B C细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“private institutions, follow, schools”，信息表述不完整。 24． 【答案】B 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，俄亥俄州的学校已经很有竞争力了。直接对应选 项B。 【错误选项分析】A D无中生有，在原文中均未提及。 C细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“the best opportunity, dreams”，信息表述不完整。 202024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） 25． 【答案】C 【考点分析】所听即所选，原文中提到，但学生需要自己去搜索这些信息。直接对应选项C。 A D无中生有，在原文中均未提及。 【错误选项分析】B细节干扰，利用原文个别词设置陷阱，比如“websites”，信息表述不完整。 Part III Reading Comprehension ◎选项解读 选项 形式 词义 A) actually 副词 实际上 B) approximately 副词 大约，大概 C) assume 动词 假设，认为 D) component 名词 成分, 组成部分 E) comprehend 动词 理解 F) deteriorate 动词 减弱，衰退 G) equivalent 形容词 等同的，等效的 H) journey 名词 旅行，行程 I) literary 形容词 文学的 J) performed 动词 完成，做（任务） K) rarely 副词 很少地；难得 L) sample 名词 样品；样本 M) undermined 动词 暗中破坏；逐渐削弱 N) unique 形容词 独一无二的 O) unit 名词 单位，单元 ◎选项分类 名词 动词 形容词 副词 D) component C) assume G) equivalent A) actually H) journey E) comprehend I) literary B) approximately L) sample F) deteriorate N) unique K) rarely O) unit J) performed M) undermined 21真题集训 CET-4 ◎考题精析 26．【答案】N) unique 【词性判断】空格前为was not，可推断该空应为形容词或动词的分词形式。 【答案选定】根据下文可知，很多作家年逾 70 还能创作出佳作。由此可知，莫里森的经 历并不是独一无二的，故答案为N。 27． 【答案】 I) literary 【词性判断】空格前后为such和名词accomplishments，因此该空为形容词或动词的分词 形式。 【答案选定】Such 指的是前面列举的作家的例子，因此结合选项和原文意思，故答案为I。 28． 【答案】F) deteriorate 【词性判断】空格前是动词词组 seem to，因此该空应为动词原型。 【答案选定】由前面列举的例子可以看出，年龄增长不会减弱作家的创作能力，结合选项， 该空应为F。 29． 【答案】 E) comprehend 【词性判断】空格前为to produce and to _______ language 作 ability 的后置定语，因此该空 为及物动词的原型。 【答案选定】上一句提到了说话、写作以及学习新词汇的能力，说话、写作属于运用语言， 学习新词汇属于理解语言，因此答案为E。 30． 【答案】H) journey 【词性判断】空格前为不定冠词a，因此该空为名词。 【答案选定】根据上下文可知“持续一生” 说明掌握语言是一个时间较长的过程或跨度， 因此答案为H。 31． 【答案】A) actually 【词性判断】根据句子结构，该空应为副词修饰动词improve。 【答案选定】根据下文列举的三个例子可以看出，无论是在词汇量还是对词义的理解方面， 老年人均占优势，所以语言能力在中老年阶段 “实际上” 是提高了，因此答案为A。 32． 【答案】L) sample 【词性判断】空格前后分别是不定冠词a和介词of，因此答案为名词。 【答案选定】根据上下文可知，这个调查不可能囊括所有的大学生，只能进行抽样研究，， 因此答案为L。 33． 【答案】B) approximately 【词性判断】空格前后分别是谓语contained和16000 words作宾语，且数词前不能用形容 词修饰，故答案为副词。 【答案选定】根据常识，词汇量不可能是确切的数字，只是一个大概，因此答案为B。 34． 【答案】J) performed 【词性判断】根据句子分析，该空缺少谓语，因此答案为动词。 【答案选定】该空表达的意思指的是，在另一项研究中，平均年龄为 75 岁的老年人在需 要判断词义的任务中，_______要优于青年或中年参与者。结合选项，该空为J。 222024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） 35． 【答案】C) assume 【词性判断】空格前有情态动词 might，因此该空为动词原形。 【答案选定】一般来说，人们会认为老年人的语言能力不如年轻人，而实际并非如此,结 合选项，答案为C。 ◎全文对译 当托尼-莫里森于 2019 年去世时，世界失去了一位最具影响力的作家。但莫里森并不是 很早就获得成功。她的第一部小说直到 39 岁才出版，而她的最后一部小说是在 84 岁时问世的。 在这方面，莫里森并非独一无二。许多作家直到 70 多岁甚至更老的时候才创作出杰作。这些 文学成就凸显了一个重要问题。我们说话、写作和学习新词汇的能力似乎并没有随着年龄的增 长而退化。 似乎不会随着年龄的增长而退化。我们的视力可能会减退，记忆力可能会减弱，但相比之下， 我们创造和理解语言的能力却能很好地保持到老年。 事实上，关于语言和衰老的最新研究表明，掌握语言是我们从婴儿时期开始并持续一生的 旅程。我们语言能力的某些方面，如对词义的了解，实际上在成年中期和晚期会有所提高。例如， 一项研究发现，六十岁以上的成年人平均词汇量超过 21,000 个单词。研究人员还对大学生进行 了抽样调查，发现他们的平均词汇量约为 16,000 个单词。在另一项研究中，平均年龄为 75 岁 的老年人在完成要求他们确定词语含义的任务时，比青年或中年参与者表现得更好。因此，语 言似乎是一种技能，与许多人可能认为的相反，它不会随着年龄的增长而减弱。 36． 【答案】E 【选项对译】从销售增速放缓的情况来看，打击瓶装水仍有希望。 【定位选择】本题定位词为the slowing rate 和 hope。 【考点定位】题干中的 there is still hope和 the slowing rate 分别与定位段中的 Hope is not entirely out of reach和The rate has begun to ease相对应，故答案为 E。 37． 【答案】H 【选项对译】 瓶装水生产商反对塑料瓶禁令的理由是健康问题而非利润。 【定位选择】本题定位词为Bottled water manufacturers、health concerns 和 profits 。 【考点定位】题干中的on health concerns rather than on profits与定位句中的concerns about health rather than profit margins相对应，故答案为H。 38． 【答案】B 【选项对译】尽管人们越来越意识到塑料瓶不环保，但去年英国瓶装水的销量仍创下了历 史新高。 【定位选择】本题定位词为hit a record high和environmentally unfriendly。 【考点定位】B段第二、三句。题干中的hit a record high和people are increasingly aware that plastics are environmentally unfriendly分别与定位句中的a record £558.4 million和our increasing awareness of the harm plastics do to the environment相对应，故答案为B。 39． 【答案】L 【选项对译】 面对巧妙的营销，人们往往会缺乏理智。 23真题集训 CET-4 【定位选择】本题定位词为reason和skillful marketing。 【考点定位】L段第一句的前半句。题干中的It often happens that，lack reason和skillful marketing分别与定位句中的As is so often the case，beat reason，和clever marketing相对应， 故答案为L。 40． 【答案】G 【选项对译】美国西海岸的一个城市禁止在其物业和活动中使用一次性瓶子。 【定位选择】本题定位词为One city on the west coast of America和property and events。 【考点定位】G 段倒数第二句。题干中的 One city on the west coast of America 和 its property and events分别与定位句中的San Francisco和city property and events相对应，故 答案为G。 41． 【答案】C 【选项对译】塑料水瓶的生产和运输消耗了大量的化石燃料。 【定位选择】本题定位词为Manufacturing and shipping和fossil fuels。 【考点定位】C段倒数第三句。题干中的Manufacturing and shipping与定位句中的make and ship 相对应，而题干中的 consume a tremendous amount of fossil fuels 与定位句中 require oceans of fossil fuels形成同义转述，故答案为C。 42． 【答案】K 【选项对译】 一家大型饮料公司在面对健康和环保倡导者的挑战时，调整了自己的运营方 式。 【定位选择】本题定位词为challenges from health and environmental advocates。 【考点定位】K段第一至三句。题干中的One large beverage company 和confronted with challenges from health and environmental advocates 分 别 与 定 位 句 中 的 As the owner of multiple sugary drink brands and bottled water 和 PepsiCo is facing challenges on health and environmental fronts相对应。因此答案为K。 43． 【答案】A 【选项对译】瓶装水比自来水贵得多。 【定位选择】本题定位词为more expensive than tap water。 【考点定位】A段第二、三句。由定位句可知，1升自来水的成本不到半便士，而1升瓶 装水的价格可能超过1英镑，题干对定位句句做出了总结，因此答案为A。 44． 【答案】I 【选项对译】在瓶装水流行之前，城市里就能看到喷泉。 【定位选择】本题定位词为Fountains和before bottled water became popular。 【考点定位】I段倒数第三句。题干中的Fountains could be seen in cities与定位句中的 fountains were an urban fixture相对应，故答案为I 45． 【答案】F 【选项对译】由于健康意识的提高，越来越多的人开始使用瓶装水。 【定位选择】本题定位词为have taken to bottled water和health awareness。 【考点定位】F段第二句。题干中的have taken to bottled water与定位句中的pushed more 242024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） people to bottled water和boosted its desirability对应，故答案为F。 ◎全文对译 如果我们关心塑料垃圾，为什么我们还不停止喝瓶装水？ 我们都目睹了塑料垃圾对全球环境的破坏，但瓶装水的销量仍然在增长。 A) 食品和饮料行业的创新与选择，如果你想赚钱，你可以把瓶子装满水然后卖掉。一升 自来水，也就是我们巧妙地用管道输送到家里的水，成本不到半便士。而一升瓶装水的 价格可能远远超过一英镑，尤其是那些从山里吸出来的高档水。 B) 然而，瓶装水市场却空前活跃。我们越来越意识到塑料对环境造成的危害，也越来越 广泛地意识到必须有所改变。根据市场分析机构 Kantar 的最新数据，去年英国瓶装水 的销售额达到创纪录的 5.584 亿英镑，同比增长 7%。其他分析机构的数据显示，去年 英国人消费了超过 22 亿升瓶装水，其中包括 “带回家 ”和 “随身携带 ”的产品。年增 长率为 8.5%。 C) 环保人士正在努力理解为什么拥有干净自来水的国家反而更喜欢瓶装水。“这让我非 常惊讶，”绿色和平组织的政治顾问、反对海洋塑料的活动家萨姆·切坦沃尔什（Sam ChetanWalsh）说。“公众的意识从未像现在这样高涨，但这一信息并没有传达给所有需 要的人。”在听到这个消息的地方，这个消息引起了关注。塑料水瓶的制造和运输需要 大量的化石燃料。此外，各种类型的一次性塑料正在污染我们的城市和海洋。许多纪录 片都展示了塑料最终是如何杀死野生动物的。 D) 从购物袋到吸管和内衬塑料的咖啡杯，反对各种塑料的行动已经加快了步伐。Chetan- Walsh认为瓶装水是不同的，因为替代品是如此明显。他说：“如果一个毫无必要的产 品能够存在，那么整个系统就会失灵。” E) 希 望并非完全遥不可及。增长速度已经开始放缓（今年的销售额增长了7%，而去年为 8%）。 F) 但是，即使很多人因为关心环境而放弃了瓶装水，其他人也在接受它。对果汁和苏打 饮料征收“糖税”促使更多人选择瓶装水，而健康意识也提高了瓶装水的吸引力。自来 水的消费量也在以大致相同的速度增长（英国消费者饮用的自来水几乎是瓶装水的三 倍）。 G) 因此，塑料潮只会越来越高。塑料行业很快就指出，他们生产的所有瓶子都是可回收的。 “切坦-沃尔什说：”但最乐观的估计是，回收率为 56%，因此实际回收率将低于这一数字。 虽然瓶子可以回收，但很少有瓶子是用回收塑料制成的。一家水瓶公司在推出标准水瓶 的同时，还推出了可回收的半升 “环保 ”水瓶。另一家公司承诺，到 2025 年，其所有 产品都只使用再生塑料。切坦-沃尔什（Chetan-Walsh）认为应该禁止一次性水瓶。有 些地方确实存在禁令。一个著名音乐节的组织者宣布，今年夏天将不出售水瓶。旧金山 已禁止在城市物业和活动中使用水瓶。去年，英国政府制定了禁止在房地产中使用一次 性塑料的计划。 H) 瓶装水生产商不支持禁令，这一点不足为奇。但他们担心的是健康问题，而不是利润率。 上个月，一家瓶装水公司的首席执行官说，禁令将 “导致更多的含糖饮料消费，增加肥胖、 糖尿病和蛀牙等所有健康危险”。最大的瓶装水生产商协会总经理金瓦拉-凯里（Kinvara 25真题集训 CET-4 Carey）引用了一项调查，在这项调查中，人们被问及如果没有瓶装水，他们会怎么做。“她 说：”44% 的人会买另一种饮料，这并不是很好，14% 的人会不喝，4.5% 的人说他们会 去找饮水机。“选择很重要。 I) 如果咖啡馆、餐馆和其他地方的饮水机数量更多，自来水供应更明确，情况会怎样？伦 敦正在安装数十个喷泉。其他地方也有类似的举措。在塑料和市场营销使人们认为他们 首先需要瓶装水之前，喷泉是城市的固定设施。绿色和平组织等也在推动 “押金返还 ” 计划。这意味着瓶装水的税款将退还给将塑料水退回回收的顾客。 J) 即使瓶装水的销售增长略显缓慢，该行业也在竞相适应不断变化的关注点和口味。风味 水正在蓬勃发展：根据最新的分析数据，气泡水的销售额增长了 20%。与此同时，国际 水品牌以及一系列新公司也在销售高端可重复使用瓶装水。如果一定要装自来水，为什 么不添加香精呢？ K) 作为多个含糖饮料品牌和瓶装水的拥有者，百事公司正面临着健康和环境方面的挑战。 去年，该公司以 32 亿美元的价格收购了 SodaStream（一家饮料公司，出售将自来水制 成气泡水的机器，然后消费者可以添加香精）。该公司还推出了一系列可使用自来水和 香精包的花式瓶子。瓶子可以重复使用。香精包呢？是的，它们是由塑料制成的，不过 该公司邀请用户将它们寄回回收。 L) 就 像经常发生的那样，巧妙的营销可以战胜理智，但意识却很少足够。“瓶装水分析师 盖尔斯-奎克说：”在关注、意图和行为改变之间，总是存在这样那样的偏差。最好的 例子就是 “一天五份”，即建议每天至少吃五份水果和蔬菜。几乎每个人都知道这一点， 但只有大约 15%的人做到了。除非一项影响深远的瓶装水禁令真的生效，否则消费者 不仅要要求改变，还要自己行动起来。 Passage One 46． 【答案】C 【题干对译】作者在第一段中想强调什么？ A) 2020 年是人类历史上的一个重大转折点。 B) 从长远来看，经济增长对人们的益处不大。 C) 削弱人与自然的联系是不明智的。 D) 使用人造材料对人类有害。 【考点定位】根据题干中的emphasise和in the first paragraph，可定位到首段第一句。 【答案解析】根据定位句可知，削弱人类与自然的联系是不明智的，故答案为C。 【干扰排除】首段第二句提到，人类与自然的联系达到了一个临界点，并不是人类历史的 重大转折点，故排除A；定位句提到的是人类与自然联系的减弱与经济增长的关系，而 不是经济增长和人类之间的关系，故排除B；首段强调的是人类与自然联系的减弱有害， 而不是人造材料的数量之多，也不是使用人造材料的害处，故排除D。 47． 【答案】A 【题干对译】研究人员对大众文化有何发现？ A) 它越来越脱离自然世界。 262024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） B) 充斥着各种电子游戏角色。 C) 特别迎合青少年的口味。 D) 流行文化仍然受到 20 世纪 50 年代流行歌曲的影响。 【考点定位】根据题干中的of popular culture，可定位到第二段第一句。 【答案解析】根据定位句可知，流行文化日益脱离自然世界，因此答案为A。 【干扰排除】第二段最后一句，是为了说明孩子去参加自然历史测试的必要性，而不是说 流行文化中充满了电子游戏角色，故排除B；第二段第二句是为了说明众对自然的不重视， 而不是20世纪50年代热门歌曲的影响，因此排除D。C在文中并未提及，无中生有，故 排除。 48． 【答案】B 【题干对译】作者建议人们做些什么？ A) 采取措施确保粮食的可持续发展。 B) 通过种植权重新与大自然建立联系。 C) 站在议会一边，与社会疾病作斗争。 D) 在公共场所种植果树和蔬菜。 【考点定位】根据题干中的the right to grow、parliament，可定位到第三段。 【答案解析】根据定位段可知，作者建议人们通过种植权重新与大自然建立联系，故正确 答案为B。 【干扰排除】根据定位段可知，“种植权”法律能够让人们达到重新接触土壤及可持续地 生产食物的目的，而不是采取措施，故排除A。作者提出的方法是让议会去通过法律， 从而保证人们接触自然，而不是人们去支持议会，故排除C。D在文中并未提及，无中生有， 故排除。 49． 【答案】C 【题干对译】关于蔬菜种植，我们从这段文字中了解到什么？ A) 蔬菜种植始于 1649 年的英国南部。 B) 它受到美国政府法规的保护。 C) 长期以来，蔬菜种植一直被用来增加食物供应和改善城市景观。 D) 随着社交媒体的影响越来越大，蔬菜种植已经在全世界范围内普及。 【考点定位】根据题干中的vegetable planting，可定位到第四段。 【答案解析】根据定位段可知，蔬菜种植可用于改善城市景观，而且很久之前就已经开始 了，，故答案C。 【干扰排除】A和D在文中并未提及，无中生有，故排除。根据定位段最后一句可知，美 国政府的法规并不保护蔬菜种植，故排除B。 50． 【答案】D 【题干对译】除了实用功能外，公共开放的果蔬园还能做些什么？ A) 提高人们的环保意识。 B) 增加植物种类的多样性。 C) 作为抵御自然灾害的第一道防线。 27真题集训 CET-4 D) 增强人们的社区意识。 【考点定位】根据题干中的publicly accessible fruit and vegetable gardens，可定位到第五段 第二句。 【答案解析】根据定位句可知，向公众开放的蔬果园增强了人们的社区意识，故答案为D。 【干扰排除】A和B在文中并未提及，无中生有，故排除。文中说的是抵御物种消失和气 候变化，而不是自然灾害，故排除C。 ◎全文对译 人类与自然联系的减弱可能有利于经济增长，但却对人类不利。2020 年，当人们发现钢筋、 混凝土和塑料等人造材料的重量超过地球上所有生命的重量时，人类与自然的联系达到了一个 临界点。继续种植混凝土森林而不是真正的森林是一种短视行为。在最近的树林中生活对健康 大有裨益，因此林地信托基金成功游说医生将其列为处方。 然而，自然世界的神奇与美丽却在大众文化中逐渐消失。研究人员发现，在 20 世纪 50 年 代的流行歌曲中，每三首就有一首与自然有关，而 50 年后，只有一首稍多一点。几十年来， 孩子们能叫出的电子游戏角色的名字比野生动物物种的名字还多，因此，青少年参加自然史测 试的时间不会太快。 议会通过一项 “种植权 ”法律，允许任何人将未充分利用的公共空间改造成蔬菜和水果园， 是对这种社会病症的部分补救措施。这样做的目的是让人们重新接触土壤，同时以可持续的方 式生产食物。 蔬菜种植有着令人尊敬的传统。1649 年 4 月，为了应对高物价和粮食短缺，当地人在英格 兰南部的公共土地上种植蔬菜。上世纪七十年代，纽约兴起了投掷种子炸弹，将空地变绿的做法， 如今，“有园艺才能的 ”社交媒体影响者们不顾美国当地法规，向城市丑陋的地方开战，使这 一做法得以复兴。 除了为越来越多买不起食物的人提供更多健康营养这一紧迫任务外，公众可进入的果蔬园 还将我们的食物与食物的来源--如果可以这么说的话，生产方式--联系在一起。它们可以让不 可爱的空间变得可爱，将使用和美观结合起来，并有助于促进社区意识。当然，植物也是我们 抵御物种减少和气候变化的第一道防线。这样的种植是人类朝着正确方向迈出的一小步。 Passage Two 51． 【答案】B 【题干对译】这段话对美国的工程专业有何启示？ A) 自 1979 年以来，人们对女工程师的态度发生了变化。 B) 20 世纪 70 年代，女工程师人数大幅增加。 C) 它经历了男性主导地位的逐渐削弱。 D) 2000 年，美国拥有最多的工程专业学生。 【考点定位】根据题干中的engineering profession，可定位到第二段前两句。 【答案解析】定位句指出，1970 年，主修工程专业的女性比例不到 1%，1979 年这一比例 达到了 9%，由此可知，女工程师的数量显著增加，因此答案为B 【干扰排除】A，C和D在文中并未提及，无中生有，故排除。 282024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） 52． 【答案】D 【题干对译】 一位调查者说她面临的最大挑战是什么？ A) 不要觉得自己比资质较低的男性工程师优越。 B) 不要把她收到的所有信息都当真。 C) 在晋升或加薪时，不要自视甚高。 D) 在不断受到挫折或不公平待遇时不丧失自信。 【考点定位】根据题干中的one survey taker 和 greatest challenge ，可定位到第四段。 【答案解析】根据本段分析可知，相比男性工程师，女性工程师得到的待遇更差，在这种 情况下，最大的挑战是继续保持自信，因此答案为D。 【干扰排除】文章表明了受访者遭遇的不公，并没有说是最大的挑战，故排除A；文章提 到受访者最大的挑战是保持自信，并不是不认真对待信息，故排除B；C文章并未提及， 无中生有，故排除。 53． 【答案】B 【题干对译】根据这两位土木工程师的说法，女工程师经常会有什么感觉？ A) 在很多方面都不合格。 B) 被排除在群体之外。 C) 工作过度。 D) 被男同事瞧不起。 【考点定位】根据题干中的the two civil engineers，可定位到第六段。 【答案解析】根据两位土木工程师的观点可知，这两位土木工程师都觉得被排除在团队之 外，故答案为B。 【干扰排除】A，C和D在文中并未提及，无中生有，故排除。 54． 【答案】D 【题干对译】是什么使年轻女工程师如今更容易被接受？ A) 她们成功地获得了平等地位。 B) 兼顾工作和家庭的能力。 C) 责任的变化。 D) 她们人数的增加。 【考点定位】根据题干中的young women engineers 和 more accepted，可定位到倒数第二 段第二句。 【答案解析】根据定位句可知，年轻女性工程师更容易被接受，主要是因为她们的人数增 加了，因此答案D。 【干扰排除】A和C在文中并未提及，无中生有，故排除。B在文中岁提到了，但这是影 响她们被接受的因素，而并非她们更容易被接受的原因，故排除。 55． 【答案】A 【题干对译】从一位机械工程师的陈述中，我们可以对许多女工程师得出什么结论？ A) 她们对自己的工作感到非常自豪。 A) 她们为自己选择的职业感到自豪。 29真题集训 CET-4 B) 她们收获了灵活变通的好处。 C) 她们非常喜欢从事工程工作。 D) 事实证明，她们几乎无所不能。 【考点定位】根据题干中的a mechanical engineer，可定位到最后一段最后两句。 【答案解析】根据定位句可知，女性工程师对自己的职业是很自豪的，故答案为 A。 【干扰排除】B在文中并未提及，无中生有，排除。文章the best degree指的是“最好的学位”， 而选项C的to the best degree 指的是“做到最好的程度”，意思表达不同，故排除。D文 章并没有明确提到她们证明了自己几乎能做任何事情，而是职业的灵活性让她们几乎可 以做任何事，故排除。 ◎全文对译 长期以来，美国的工程专业一直由男性主导。五十年前，这种情况似乎有可能改变。 1970 年，主修工程学的女性比例不到 1%。1979 年，这一数字达到了 9%。许多人希望女 性能继续以同样的速度进入这一领域。但事实并非如此。如今，只有 21% 的工程专业学生是女 性，这个数字自 2000 年以来基本没有变化。 我是一名历史学家，我和同事一起调查了 251 名 20 世纪 70 年代大学毕业的女工程师。这 些先驱们回顾了她们所面临的挑战，并为今天进入这一领域的女性提出了建议。 一位接受调查者解释说："对我来说，最大的挑战是继续相信自己，而我得到的所有信息 都是，我永远不会被认真对待，也不会像男性一样得到晋升或加薪，因为男性显然不如我合格， 也不如我聪明。 一位在制造业工作的化学工程师也认为："你必须证明自己，仅仅因为你是女性。你必须 加倍努力工作！” 一位土木工程师说："我们是‘女工程师’。人们不会称男性为'男性工程师'--他就是工程 师。我们经常被提醒，我们并不真正属于这个行列"。另一位土木工程师说：“在很多层面上， 你永远都不是群体中的一员”。 女性还谈到了照顾家庭的责任。一位来自一家大型化学公司的退休副总裁说："年轻的女 工程师在有孩子之前是平等的，然后她们就会努力平衡工作和家庭，并与没有同样家庭责任的 男性竞争。 但这些年来，情况发生了很大变化。年轻的女工程师被更多人接受，主要是因为她们的数 量更多了。 许多女工程师为自己选择的职业所带来的好处欢呼雀跃。一位制造业的项目经理说，工程 学是最好的学位。一位机械工程师说："它能让你灵活地做几乎任何事情。看到自己所做工作 产生的效果也会让人感到满足"。 Part IV Translation 敦煌莫高窟（Mogao Grottoes）数字展示中心于 2014 年开放启用，是莫高窟保护利用工程 的重要组成部分。展示中心采用数字技术和多媒体展示手段，使游客进入洞窟参观之前就能了 解莫高窟的历史文化，鉴赏莫高窟的艺术经典。这将减少开放洞窟的数量，缩短游客在洞窟内 的逗留时间，减轻参观对莫高窟造成的影响，以使这一世界文化 遗产得到妥善保护、长久利用。 302024年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与解析（第2套） The Digital Exhibition Center of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which opened in 2014, plays a vital role in the conservation and utilization project of the Mogao Grottoes. Utilizing digital technology and multimedia exhibition methods, the center enables visitors to gain an understanding of the cultural significance of the Mogao Grottoes and appreciate its classic arts before they enter the actual caves. This approach not only limits the number of caves open to the public but also reduces the duration of visitors’ stay inside, thereby minimizing the impact on the Mogao Grottoos. This ensures the proper preservation and long-term utilization of this world cultural heritage site. 31