文档内容
考点巩固卷 14 阅读理解之说明文
2023 年高考真题
【2023 ▪新高考I卷】
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that
you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a
sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独
处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device
use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of
the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that
words for your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 1A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B9. A10. C11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,
including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this
philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求
和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数
字生活方式。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for
thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online
activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内
远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精
心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选
A。
10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out
your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people
agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这
样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推
知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to
build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具
箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际
情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
【2023 ▪新高考II卷】
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in
almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout
history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books
and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
第2页，共30页between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted
hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith
of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in
their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as
the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and
sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page
outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as
any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the
pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our
increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still
offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】8. B9. C10. A11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 38.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an
everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the
world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地
博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were
treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物
品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
9.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these
connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at
school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不
同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的
焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
10.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these
connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at
school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不
同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的
焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些
场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解
的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像
任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly
private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提
到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
2021-2022 年高考真题
【2022▪新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
第4页，共30页“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose.
C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】28 D29. B30. C31. A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
28. D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to
reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减
少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 529. B。推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been
bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m
enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点
很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有
用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
30. C。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”
以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划
线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
31. A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”
以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking
part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative
activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩•刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣
和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
【2022▪新高考I卷】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking,
five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half
the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as
“f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led
by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
第6页，共30页Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity.D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】32. D33. C34. A35. C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语
音。
32. D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett
noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the
languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the
University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（30 多年前，学者
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 7Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。
现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可
知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of
ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by
touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure ,
making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产
生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发
出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
34. A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there
was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of
“f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still
not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在
新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。
这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果
来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
35. C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily
remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that
we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,”
said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出
现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相
互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
【2022▪新高考II卷】
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have
tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
第8页，共30页safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的
一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
28. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by
drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down
their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服
务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by
just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在
恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越
糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 929. B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just
texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.”（这
项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，
Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为
“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
30. D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's
behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。
根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their
hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，
人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的
时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
31. B。主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来
说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are
driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段
讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的
时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的
改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防
范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
2023 年名校模拟题
【2023届山东省威海市高三5月高考模拟】
C
Young and old alike can be crazy about a new finding by researchers at Ohio State University and the
University of Chicago. There is hope for us all when it comes to creativity, they say.
According to the study, which focused on the 31 most notable Nobel Prize winners in economics, there are
two types of creativity that can blossom at different points in a person’s life. Conceptual innovators tend to do
their best work in their mid-twenties, while experimental innovators peak in their fifties.
They explain in the paper that there are conceptual thinkers, who seek to communicate specific ideas or
emotions and have precise goals for their works, planning them carefully in advance, and carrying them out
systematically. Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein both did their greatest work in youth. However, experimental
innovators build on their knowledge and accept theories throughout their careers and ultimately find new and
第10页，共30页innovative ways to analyze that knowledge. These thinkers tend to do their best work later in life. The paper cites
Virginia Woolf and Charles Darwin as late bloomers.
The study states, “Many scholars believe that creativity is only associated with youth. Two 54-year-old
Harvard scholars were denied offers of tenured professorships (终身教授) due to concerns of the so-called
problem of “extinct volcanoes.”
Their findings suggest that this kind of biased (有偏见的) thinking leads to bad decisions. It ignores the fact
that there are different types of innovators and that different problems demand different kinds of contributions and
solutions. They hope their work will gradually remove the world’s favoritism for precocious geniuses(早熟的天
才) and its ignorance of the creativity that comes with age. Weinberg, the co-author of the study, said,“We believe
what we found in this study isn’t limited to economics, but could apply to creativity more generally.”
8. Which of the following can replace the underlined “blossom”?
A. Fully develop. B. Suddenly change.
C. Gradually fade. D. Repeatedly emerge.
9. What determines a person’s most creative period according to the study?
A. Age or career. B. Education background.
C. Type of thinking. D. Exposure to diverse ideas.
10. What does the writer want to stress in the last paragraph?
A. Creativity breeds success.
B. Creativity knows no age limit.
C. Solutions need diverse creativity.
D. Favoritism for geniuses limits creativity.
11. What’s the writer’s attitude to the new findings?
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Positive. D. Critical.
【答案】8. A9. C10. B11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学和芝加哥大学的研究人员发现，创造力没有
年龄限制，我们所有人都有希望有创造力。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Conceptual innovators tend to do their best work in their mid-twenties,
while experimental innovators peak in their fifties.(概念创新者往往在25岁左右做最好的工作，而实验创
新者则在50岁左右达到顶峰。)”和划线单词所在句子“there are two types of creativity that can blossom
at different points in a person’s life. (在一个人的一生中，有两种类型的创造力可以在不同的时刻
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 11blossom。)”可知，概念创新者往往在25岁左右做最好的工作，而实验创新者则在50岁左右达到顶峰，
这说明具有这两种创造力的人在不同的时刻会做到最好，即得到充分发展，所以画线单词“blossom”与A
项“充分发展”意思一样，故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“They explain in the paper that there are conceptual thinkers, who seek to
communicate specific ideas or emotions and have precise goals for their works, planning them carefully in
advance, and carrying them out systematically. Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein both did their greatest
work in youth. ( 他们在论文中解释说，有一些概念思想家，他们试图传达具体的想法或情感，并为他们
的工作有明确的目标，事先仔细计划，并系统地执行它们。巴勃罗·毕加索和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦都在青年
时期完成了他们最伟大的作品。)”可推知，根据这项研究，一个人最具创造力的时期是由思考方式来决定
的，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They hope their work will gradually remove the world’s favoritism for
precocious geniuses(早熟的天才) and its ignorance of the creativity that comes with age.(他们希望他们的工
作将逐渐消除世界对早熟天才的偏爱以及对随着年龄增长而产生的创造力的无知。)”可知，作者想在最后
一段强调创造力没有年龄限制。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Their findings suggest that this kind of biased (有偏见的) thinking leads to
bad decisions. It ignores the fact that there are different types of innovators and that different problems
demand different kinds of contributions and solutions.(他们的发现表明，这种有偏见的想法会导致错误的
决定。它忽略了这样一个事实，即有不同类型的创新者，不同的问题需要不同类型的贡献和解决方案。)”
可知，作者认为这项新的研究既有有点也有缺点，由此可推知，作者对该项新研究的观点是客观的，故
选B。
D
Network-based technologies have become increasingly widespread, and they are now being used by
countless individuals, professionals, and businesses worldwide. Despite their advantages, most network-based
systems are highly at risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks.
The consequences of a malicious attack on network-based systems can be extremely harmful. For instance,
an attack on a power plant network could leave millions of individuals and offices without electricity, while
attacks on social media networks can lead to exposure of user information.
To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems, computer scientists worldwide have been trying to
第12页，共30页develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系统) that could help to identify malicious
attacks, increasing a network’s safety. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms (机器学习算法) have
been found to be particularly promising for automatically detecting attacks and intrusions on a network’s
functioning.
An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is the selection of data features that a
,
model can rely or focus on when making predictions. Ideally by analyzing large datasets, researchers should be
able to identify the most suitable features for solving a given task using ML tools, and this can also be applied to
intrusion detection.
Researchers at Canadian University Dubai in the UAE have recently developed a new feature selection
method that could enable the development of more effective ML-based IDSs. This method was found to perform
remarkably well when compared with other commonly employed feature selection techniques. Using the features
they identified as most important for intrusion detection, the researchers created a highly efficient ML-based
detection system. This system was found to be capable of distinguishing between DDoS attacks and harmless
network signals with 99% accuracy.
In the future, the feature selection method developed by the researchers and their findings could help the
development of new, highly effective IDSs. In addition, the system they created using the features they identified
could be applied in real-world settings to detect malicious attacks on real networks.
12. What does paragraph 1 focus on about network-based technologies?
A. Their targeted users. B. Their popularity.
C. Their potential risk. D. Their advantages.
13. How can IDSs increase the safety of networks?
A. By tracking malicious attacks.
B. By starting anti-virus programs.
C. By sorting out user information.
D. By recognizing malicious attacks.
14. What is the key to the development of ML-based IDSs?
A. Solving given tasks. B. Selecting reliable data features.
C. Making accurate predictions. D. Analyzing large enough datasets.
15. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To introduce a new technique for IDSs.
B. To promote network-based technologies.
C. To raise people’s awareness of network safety.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 13D. To discuss ways to deal with malicious attacks.
【答案】12. C13. D14. B15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了IDSs (入侵检测系统)相关技术和发展。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Despite their advantages, most network-based systems are highly at
risk of malicious (恶意的) attacks. (尽管它们具有优势，但大多数基于网络的系统都很容易受到恶意攻
击。)”可知，本段主要想要指出系统都很容易受到恶意攻击，即具有潜在的风险。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems, computer
scientists worldwide have been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系
统) that could help to identify malicious attacks, increasing a network’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的
弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意
攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，该系统能够识别恶意攻击，提高安全性。故选D项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“An important step in the development and training of ML-based IDSs is
the selection of data features that a model can rely or focus on when making predictions. (开发和训练基于
ML的IDS的一个重要步骤是选择模型在进行预测时可以依赖或关注的数据特征。)”可知，选择可依赖的
数据特征是该系统的重要核心步骤。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“To overcome the weaknesses of network-based systems, computer
scientists worldwide have been trying to develop advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) (入侵检测系
统) that could help to identify malicious attacks, increasing a network’s safety. (为了克服基于网络的系统的
弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意
攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，本文主要为了介绍IDSs (入侵检测系统)。故选A项。
【2023届山东省济南市高三三模】
C
For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway
with the wind on your back. With gas prices rising, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to
travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not
protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innovations, new
airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life.
第14页，共30页Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle,
teamed up with an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle
riders, to design and produce the airbags jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s
lower body, especially the tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag
technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause
of disability among motorcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed,
dried, and worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel.
Armalith helps to prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the
fabric help protect the rider if he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the
airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the
motorcycle.
Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt
and a complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making
the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort.
8. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To show the popularity of motorcycles. B. To stress the necessity of airbags jeans.
C. To state the importance of wearing helmets. D. To display the excitement of highway riding.
9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. The tailbone injuries are hard to identify.
B. Airbags offer overall protection for riders.
C. Mo cycle is famous for airbag design and production.
D. The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology.
10. What is a feature of airbag jeans?
A. They lead a new fashion trend. B. They are comfortable to wear.
C. They are quick in response. D. They need fixing regularly.,
11. How does the author feel about the future of the airbag jeans?
A. Indifferent. B. Uncertain. C. Promising. D. Curious.
【答案】8. B9. D10. C11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安全气囊牛仔裤可以更好地保护人们的生命，文章介绍了安
全气囊牛仔裤的原理以及涉及的技术。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 15【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your
motorcycle on the open highway with the wind on your back. With gas prices rising, riding motorcycles is
economical and a much greener way to travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if
an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a
helmet (头盔), the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to
better protect your life.(对于摩托车爱好者来说，没有什么比骑着摩托车在开阔的高速公路上迎风而行更
令人兴奋的了。随着汽油价格的上涨，骑摩托车是一种既经济又环保的出行方式。随着这些好处而来的
是，如果发生事故，人身伤害的风险。毕竟，你不像开车时那样受到钢铁的保护。除了头盔之外，最新
的安全创新产品——新型安全气囊牛仔裤——是一种个人安全气囊，你可以穿上它来更好地保护你的生
命)”可推知，第一段的目的是强调安全气囊牛仔裤的必要性。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technology
company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and produce
the airbags jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially
the tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to
protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of
disability among motorcycle riders.”(现在，一家瑞典公司Mo’cycle与一家安全气囊技术公司合作，设计
和生产安全气囊牛仔裤。该公司之前为摩托车手生产上半身保护装置。这种安全气囊可以在发生事故时
保护摩托车骑手的下半身，特别是尾骨。据该公司介绍，“它改革了安全气囊技术，以保护脊柱的第一
块骨头，因为脊柱损伤是摩托车骑手致残的主要原因。”)”可推知，安全气囊牛仔裤是基于现有技术。故
选D。
10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in
seconds.(如果骑手与车辆分离，安全气囊会在几秒钟内被触发)”可知，安全气囊牛仔裤的特点反应迅速。
故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making
the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort.(显然，他们可以为更多的摩托车骑手提供保护。让道
路对他们来说更安全当然是值得的)”可推知，作者认为安全气囊牛仔裤的未来很有前途。故选C。
D
第16页，共30页Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the “dream bird that hatches the egg
of experience”. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise from having little to do are being killed
off by social media, researchers argued. Viewing mindlessly through attention-grabbing posts and videos prevents
“profound (深层的) boredom” that can drive people on to new passions or skills. Instead, people find themselves
in a state of “superficial boredom”, which does not motivate creative thought.
Dr Timothy Hill, leader of the research team at the University of Bath, said, “The problem we observed was
that social media can ease superficial boredom. But that also consumes time and energy, and may prevent people
progressing to a state of profound boredom, where they might discover new passions. Profound boredom may
sound like a negative concept but, in fact, it can be intensely positive if people are given the chance for
undisturbed thinking and development.
Researchers interviewed 15 people during the pandemic (流行病), when boredom was more likely because
of restrictions. Many described being trapped in regularly daily walks and watching television, with many turning
to social media to pass the time. But although the participants said that social media provided a temporary escape
from superficial boredom, it also appeared to exacerbate it, leaving them feeling they had wasted their time.
The pandemic was a painful and consuming experience for thousands of less fortunate people. But there are
stories of those in lockdown who found new hobbies, careers or directions in life. Switching off devices could
help people reach the state of boredom which pushes them on to new hobbies or achievements.
This research has given us a window to understand how the “always-on”, 24/7 culture and devices that
promise an abundance of information and entertainment may be fixing our superficial boredom but are actually
preventing us from finding more meaningful things.
12. Why are Walter Benjamin’s words mentioned?
A. To call for attention to the research on boredom.
B. To comment on the strategies to face loneliness.
C. To offer advice on developing creative thinking.
D. To clarify the problem caused by social media.
13. Which of the following may Dr Timothy Hill agree?
A. Profound boredom is of value.
B. Social media can fuel passions.
C. The research has some limitations.
D. Creative thought is easily disturbed.
14. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Avoid. B. Break.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 17C. Inspire. D. Worsen.
15. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Why people enjoy boredom
B. How boredom helps kill time
C. Why being bored may be good for you
D. How social media blocks creative ideas
【答案】12. A13. A14. D15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。社交媒体扼杀了由于无事可做而产生的创造性幻想，通过研究分析其原因
发现：深度无聊能激发创造性思维，使人们去追求新的激情或技能。所以处于无聊的状态对于我们是一
件好事。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the
‘dream bird that hatches the egg of experience’. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise
from having little to do are being killed off by social media, researchers argued. (德国哲学家沃尔特•本雅
明曾指出，无聊是‘孵出经验之蛋的梦想之鸟’。然而，研究人员认为，通常由于无事可做而产生的创
造性幻想正在被社交媒体扼杀。)”可知，在文章开头提到本雅明的话是为了引出关于“boredom”的话题，
引起读者对相关研究的关注。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr Timothy Hill, leader of the research team at the University of Bath, said,
‘The problem we observed was that social media can ease superficial boredom. But that also consumes time
and energy, and may prevent people progressing to a state of profound boredom, where they might discover
new passions. Profound boredom may sound like a negative concept but, in fact, it can be intensely positive
if people are given the chance for undisturbed thinking and development.’ (巴斯大学研究小组的负责人蒂
莫西·希尔博士说：‘我们观察到的问题是，社交媒体可以缓解表面上的无聊。但这也会消耗时间和精力，
并可能阻止人们进入一种深层无聊的状态，在那里他们可能会发现新的激情。深层无聊听起来像是一个
消极的概念，但事实上，如果人们有机会不受干扰地思考和发展，它可能是非常积极的。’)”可知，Dr
Timothy Hill认为：沉迷再社交媒体使人看似不再无聊，实则使人失去了进入深层无聊的状态的机会，而
深层无聊可能会使人发现新的激情。由此推知，他会赞同“深层无聊是有价值的”这一观点。故选A项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“But although the participants said that social media provided a temporary
escape from superficial boredom, it also appeared to exacerbate it, leaving them feeling they had wasted
第18页，共30页their time. (但是，尽管参与者表示，社交媒体让他们暂时摆脱了表面上的无聊，但它似乎也exacerbate
了这种无聊，让他们觉得自己在浪费时间。)”可知，上半句表示：社交媒体让他们暂时摆脱了表面上的无
聊，但是没有真正摆脱无聊，所以反而会使这个现象更严重，worsen与exacerbate意思相近，故选D项。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that
boredom was the ‘dream bird that hatches the egg of experience’. However, the creative flights of fancy
which often arise from having little to do are being killed off by social media, researchers argued. (德国哲学
家沃尔特•本雅明曾指出，无聊是‘孵出经验之蛋的梦想之鸟’。研究人员认为，通常由于无事可做而产
生的创造性幻想正在被社交媒体扼杀。盲目地浏览吸引眼球的帖子和视频可以防止‘深度无聊’，而这
种无聊会驱使人们去追求新的激情或技能)”和最后一段“This research has given us a window to
understand how the ‘always-on’, 24/7 culture and devices that promise an abundance of information and
entertainment may be fixing our superficial boredom but are actually preventing us from finding more
meaningful things. (这项研究为我们提供了一个窗口，让我们了解‘全天候’的文化和承诺提供丰富信息
和娱乐的设备如何解决我们表面上的无聊，但实际上却阻止我们找到更有意义的事情。)”可知，本文介绍
了一个针对“无聊”进行的研究，分析了其中原因，发现：深度无聊能激发创造性思维，使人们去追求
新的激情或技能，所以处于无聊的状态，对于我们是一件好事，故“Why being bored may be good for
you”适合做文章的标题。故选C项。
（2023·湖北·高三统考一模）Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal, this year’s winners of the most
famous award in architecture, are as surprised as anyone else. “Of course, we are very pleased,” Lacaton said. She
and her partner smiled broadly.
Putting aside their wearing eyeglasses, Lacaton and Vassal could not be more different from an earlier
generation of “architects”. Lacaton and Vassal apply a belief—never destroy, never remove or replace, always
add, transform, and reuse - to their work on old urban buildings. Designs by Lacaton and Vassal have focused on
perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting — rather than
displacing- the people who live there.
“Buildings are beautiful when people feel well in them,“ Lacaton explained. “When the light inside is
beautiful and the air is pleasant, when the exchange with the outside seems easy and gentle, and when uses and
sensations are unexpected.” Vassal added, “There’s a lot of violence in architecture. We try to be accurate. We try
to work with kindness.” perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting
— rather than displacing- the people who live there.
When Lacaton and Vassal were asked to redesign a particularly large and ugly public housing building in
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 19Bordeaux in 2017, the residents told them they did not want to move, even temporarily, but that they wanted
bigger units. The solution was to surround the building with large outdoor terraces (露天平台), adding sliding
glass doors to each unit, and remaking the exterior from concrete to something gleaming(闪光的), modern and
alive. Suddenly, everyone had roomy outdoor space, some of which was enclosed to be used during the winter as
“winter gardens”.
“Their approach of cost-effective, creative readaption could be a model for urban planning in the U.S., where
destruction’s been seen as a method of solving the worsening public housing in such cities as Chicago and
St.Louis,” architecture professor Mabel 0. Wilson says. “And granted, there’s a host of other issues as to why that
happened. It’s not the building. It’s the absence of social services and lack of repair to buildings that made living
in public housing impossible for residents.
1．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about Lacaton and Vassal?
A．Their housing standard. B．Their working principle.
C．Their living conditions. D．Their wearing style.
2．What do Lacaton and Vassal seek to do in their architecture work?
A．Rebuild old houses precisely.
B．Displace the settlers with great kindness.
C．Improve rather than knock down old buildings.
D．Extend space for people as much as possible.
3．Why does the author mention the public housing building in Bordeaux?
A．To stress the importance of winter gardens.
B．To show the violence in tearing down buildings.
C．To reflect the cost of readapting houses.
D．To prove the possibility of improving old houses.
4．Why do people tend to knock down the worsening public housing, according to Wilson?
A．It saves the cost effectively.
B．It makes room for new creative buildings.
C．They lack awareness of social services.
D．There is no need to repair these buildings.
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow
the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia(痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however,
may be the real deal Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of
Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022).
第20页，共30页After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The
others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The
other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an
established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to
amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving
the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that
Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms
is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment,
which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused
swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it
can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
5．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?
A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers.
B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
C．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
D．It took 18 months to make the new drug.
6．The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by _______.
A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B．describing how immune-system works in detail
C．making comparisons between two groups of participants
D．quoting the comments of other scientists
7．Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug?
A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B．It can cause some side-effects.
C．It costs too much for ordinary families.
D．It needs to be further tested before its launch.
8．What does the author think of Lecanemab?
A．Reliable. B．Groundbreaking
C．Promising D．Risky.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 211．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了获得最负盛名建筑奖的 Anne Lacaton 和 Jean-Philippe
Vassal，以及他们的建筑理念。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Lacaton and Vassal apply a belief—never destroy, never remove or replace,
always add, transform, and reuse - to their work on old urban buildings. (拉卡顿和瓦塞尔在他们对旧城市建筑
的研究中秉持着一种信念——永不破坏、永不移除或更换、始终添加、改造和重复使用。)”可知，第二段
暗含了他俩的工作原则，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse(永
不破坏，永不移除或替换，始终添加，转换和重用)”以及第三段的“There’s a lot of violence in architecture.
We try to be accurate. We try to work with kindness.(建筑中有很多暴力。我们尽量做到准确。我们努力用善
意来工作。)”可知，他们在建筑工作中，更多的是改进，而不是拆掉建筑，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“The solution was to surround the building with large outdoor terraces (露
天平台), adding sliding glass doors to each unit, and remaking the exterior from concrete to something
gleaming(闪光的), modern and alive.(解决方案是在建筑周围建造大型室外露台，为每个单元增加滑动玻璃
门，并将混凝土外墙改造成闪闪发光、现代而有活力的东西。)”可知，通过描述 Lacaton 和 Vasss 对公
共住房经过一些改进实现了修缮旧房屋的目的证明了改进老旧房屋的可能性。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It’s not the building. It’s the absence of social services and lack of repair to
buildings that made living in public housing impossible for residents.(不是建筑本身的问题，而是社会服务的
缺失和建筑维修的缺乏，使得居民无法住在公共住房里。)”可知，Wilson 认为人们拆掉旧房屋，是因为
他们缺乏社会服务意识，故选C项。
5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们很容易对那些宣称可以减缓阿尔茨海默氏症(老年痴呆症中最
常见的一种)病情发展的药物表示怀疑。然而，一种名为Lecanemab的新药可能是真正的药物。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness.
Half received the drug The others, a placebo. It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing
of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.”
（该试验涉及1795名处于疾病早期阶段的参与者。一半人服用药物，另一半人服用安慰剂。这说明了两
件事。其中之一是缓慢但可测量的进展。另一个是对阿尔茨海默症的一种解释叫做淀粉样蛋白假说似乎
是正确的。）可知，我们可以从前两段中了解到并非所有参与者都服用了这种新药。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with
第22页，共30页Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be
able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably
did so in those receiving the drug). That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with
dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.”（淀粉样蛋白是阿尔茨海默氏症
患者大脑中积聚的一种蛋白质，这是该疾病的一个明确迹象。Lecanemab含有一种特殊的抗体，被发现能
够附着在淀粉样蛋白上，然后吸引免疫系统细胞将蛋白质清除掉(在接受该药物的患者中确实如此)。这表
明淀粉样蛋白确实会直接导致与痴呆症相关的问题，而 Lecanemab可以减缓疾病的发展。）可知，作者
通过说明药物与体内淀粉样蛋白的相互作用来说明新药的有效性。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a
number of participants.”（此外，Lecanemab还导致一些参与者大脑肿胀和出血。）可知，它会引起一些副
作用是新药的缺点。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with
further tests. Hope for more good news soon.”（既然这种新药已被证明有效，就可以进行进一步的试验了。
希望很快会有更多的好消息。）可推知，作者认为Lecanemab是有希望的。故选C项。
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer
than pollinating (授粉) , making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their
behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container
that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass
through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went
out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激)to do so. ”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for
food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their
new home and that their environment was stress-free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to
people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that
insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of
enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor
of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states
that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 23kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our
understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect
wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says.
9．What is the new finding about bees?
A．They are fond of having fun.
B．They are faithful to the queen.
C．They are adaptable to changes.
D．They are skilled at rolling balls.
10．How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment?
A．By teaching bees new tricks.
B．By rewarding bees with food.
C．By making bees feel at home.
D．By building new homes for bees.
11．What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about?
A．The forms of bees’ interaction.
B．The complexity of bees’ minds.
C．The examples of mammals’ play.
D．The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
12．What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result?
A．It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B．It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
C．It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D．It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究
对于保护昆虫有很大的作用。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem
difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.(这种勤劳的昆虫可以在困难的时
候改变自己的行为，现在一些科学家发现有证据表明它们也喜欢玩耍)”可知，新的研究表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。
故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话“In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the
bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.(在这种情况下，为了摆脱外部
第24页，共30页因素，科学家们确保蜜蜂已经适应了他们的新家，并且他们的环境没有压力)”可推知，为了消除外部因素，
他们让蜜蜂适应新家，让他们有了家的感觉，从而对环境感觉不到压力。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段 Lars Chittka说的话“This research provides a strong indication that insect
minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of
enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物)and birds,(这项研究有力地表明，昆虫
的思维远比我们想象的复杂。有很多动物只是为了享乐而玩耍，但大多数例子来自于年轻的哺乳动物和
鸟类)”可知， Lars Chittka的话表明了昆虫的思维非常复杂。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段Samadi Galpay所说的话“This finding has effects on our understanding of
the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever
more.(这一发现对我们理解昆虫的感觉和福利产生了影响，从而鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的野生动
物)”可知，该研究结果有助于保护地球上的野生动物。故选D。
（2023春·江苏泰州·高三统考一模）After the season for giving, it is the one for throwing away. Each year
in late December and early January a massive amount of plastic packaging is discarded worldwide. In Britain
alone households generate 30% more waste, an extra 3m tonnes, in the month over Christmas. Most is destined
for landfill. Sweden will do less damage than many, though. The country now recycles at a record level. Almost
three-quarters (74%) of plastic packaging waste was recycled there in 2021, the highest proportion in Europe.
Much of Sweden’s success is due to a deposit refund scheme. Customers pay €0.10 extra when buying drinks
containers. After use, these can be fed into reverse vending machines installed in shops, which spit the deposit
back out. The machines’ contents are sent directly to recycling centres. By the end of 2021, 92% of all bottles and
cans sold in Sweden were being returned. The overall plastic packaging recycling rate increased by almost 20%.
The Swedish government says the scheme has aroused a potential enthusiasm for recycling in its citizens.
Nearly 90% of Swedes have used the machines at least once. However, Swedes do not generally describe
themselves as eco-fighters. A 2021 survey by the European Commission found they were less likely than most
other Europeans to regard environmental issues as “very important”.
The eagerness of Swedish recyclers may stem not from a love of the Earth but from a low net worth. A tenth
of the population get by on less than €245 a month. In big cities it is common to see people scooping recyclable
items out of bins to take to the machines.
Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But it might not in fact be best for the
environment in the long run. In Germany—where a similar, widely used refund deposit scheme has been in place
since 2003—the earnings from keeping the deposits from unreturned bottles seem to have discouraged producers
from switching to more sustainable packaging.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 2513．What might most Swedish customers do under the deposit refund scheme?
A．They send their drinks containers directly to recycling centres.
B．They spend more on drinks than other European customers.
C．They return their used drinks containers.
D．They use vending machines to buy drinks.
14．What did the 2021 survey find out?
A．Sweden beat many countries in plastic recycling.
B．Swedes had low environmental awareness.
C．Swedes made much money from recycling.
D．Sweden had an unequal income distribution.
15．What is the author’s attitude to the deposit refund scheme?
A．Positive. B．Uninterested. C．Ambiguous. D．Unfavourable.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why Swedes cash in on their trash.
B．How waste turns into treasure in Sweden.
C．Who are recycling plastic bottles in Sweden.
D．Where Swedes throw away their plastic packaging.
（2023 春·湖北·高三校联考一模）Deep within the Yukon, one of the most densely wooded areas of
Canada, sits a patch of land that is unlike any other forest on the planet. Instead of a canopy of treetops spreading
across the horizon, tens of thousands of signposts perch haphazardly one on top of the other. They are all part of
the Signpost Forest, the largest collection of signs from places around the world. At last count, the Signpost Forest
in Watson Lake, located about 10 miles north of the U.S.-Canadian border, contains 91,000 signs from spots near
and far.
The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S. soldier Carl K. Lindley spent
time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to repair and erect the
directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that indicated the direction
and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and the trend caught on.
Each year, an average of 1,000 new signs are being added to the collection. Lindley’s original sign has since been
lost to time. Fifty years later, in 1992, Lindley and his wife Elinor made the pilgrimage back to Watson Lake to
place a replica, which is still there.
The Signpost Forest takes up a couple of acres, with huge panels snaking through the trees. There are street
signs, welcome signs, signatures on dinner plates, and license plates from around the world. There are also a lot of
第26页，共30页familial signs; for example, a grandfather will put up a sign and then years later family will come back and try to
find it. A lot of these are personal signs to literally say that they are here. Though the visitor center has wood and
paints on hand to help create a sign, many people opt to bring their own signs, though illegally, by snatching a
metal sign from their hometown and nailing it to one of the wood posts. The forest has grown so vast that the
visitor center no longer tries to keep a detailed list of the signs.
17．What does “The tradition” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．Counting the number of signs in the Signpost Forest.
B．Replacing the natural forest with signs of different kinds.
C．Putting directional signposts on the highways of the Yukon.
D．Bringing signs to the Signpost Forest from around the world.
18．According to the passage, which of the following is true about the first sign in the Signpost Forest?
A．It remained in the Forest until 1992.
B．It was erected by an American soldier.
C．It was first put on the Alaska Highway.
D．It was brought from Lindley’s hometown.
19．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “replica” in the second paragraph?
A．List. B．Trunk. C．Copy. D．Border.
20．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The origins and sizes of the signs in the Signpost Forest.
B．The quantity and variety of the signs in the Signpost Forest.
C．The difficulty of categorizing the signs in the Signpost Forest.
D．The practice of nailing illegal signs to the posts in the Signpost Forest.
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是瑞典通过押金退还政策，成为欧洲塑料包装回收再利用比例
最高的国家，但是这一政策可能阻碍了生产商转向可持续的包装。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Customers pay €0.10 extra when buying drinks containers. After use,
these can be fed into reverse vending machines installed in shops, which spit the deposit back out.(客户在购买饮
料容器时额外支付 0.10 欧元。使用后，这些可以送入安装在商店中的反向自动售货机，这些自动售货机
将押金吐出。)”可知，顾客在消费完产品后，将包装退还，售货机就会退回之前交的押金，所以瑞典人在
押金退还计划下会将包装退回。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A 2021 survey by the European Commission found they were less likely
than most other Europeans to regard environmental issues as “very important”.(欧盟委员会 2021 年的一项调
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 27查发现，与大多数其他欧洲人相比，他们不太可能将环境问题视为“非常重要”。)”可知，瑞典人相比其
他欧洲人认为环境问题很重要的可能性不大，由此可知，研究发现瑞典人有较低的环保意识。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But
it might not in fact be best for the environment in the long run.(为需要它的人减少垃圾和金钱似乎是双赢的。
但从长远来看，这实际上可能不是对环境最好的。)”可知，作者认为，从长远看来，这种押金退还政策对
环保不是最好的，由此可知，作者对此政策的态度不是很支持。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The Swedish government says the scheme has aroused a potential
enthusiasm for recycling in its citizens.(瑞典政府表示，该计划激起了公民对回收的潜在热情。)”可知，该计
划激起了公民捡拾废品热情，但是第四段中的“The eagerness of Swedish recyclers may stem not from a love
of the Earth but from a low net worth.(瑞典回收商的热情可能不是源于对地球的热爱，而是源于其较低的净
资产。)”表明，瑞典的回收商不是看中对环境保护的作用，而是源于其低净资产，所以很多人都热衷于捡
瓶子换钱，综上信息可知，瑞典人之所以捡拾垃圾，而且回收利用率在整个欧洲中最高，不是看在对环
境保护的重要作用上，而是通过捡拾垃圾可以增加收入，所以全文的题目应该为：为什么瑞典人在垃圾
中获利。故选A项。
17．D 18．B 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大Yukon的路标森林。
17．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S.
soldier Carl K. Lindley spent time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to
repair and erect the directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that
indicated the direction and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and
the trend caught on. Each year, an average of 1,000 new signs are being added to the collection.(这个传统始于
1942年的Alaska Highway计划，当时美国士兵卡尔·K·林德利在沃森湖养伤。一位指挥官让他修理和竖立
路标，在完成这项工作的同时，这位思乡的士兵在上面加了一个标志牌，标明了到他家乡的方向和距离
“伊利诺斯州丹维尔，2835英里。”其他人纷纷效仿，这一趋势开始流行起来。每年，平均有1000个新
标识被添加到这个收藏中)”中“Others followed suit, and the trend caught on.”和“an average of 1,000 new
signs are being added to the collection”可推知，上文的“The tradition”是指人们开始将世界各地的标识带到
路标森林。故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The tradition began during the Alaska Highway Project in 1942, when U.S.
soldier Carl K. Lindley spent time in Watson Lake recovering from an injury. A commanding officer asked him to
repair and erect the directional signposts, and while completing the job, the homesick soldier added a sign that
indicated the direction and mileage to his hometown: “Danville, Illinois, 2,835 miles.” Others followed suit, and
第28页，共30页the trend caught on. (这个传统始于1942年的Alaska Highway计划，当时美国士兵卡尔·K·林德利在沃森湖
养伤一位指挥官让他修理和竖立路标，在完成这项工作的同时，这位思乡的士兵在上面加了一个标志牌
标明了到他家乡的方向和距离：“伊利诺斯州丹维尔，2835英里。”其他人纷纷效仿，这一趋势开始流
行起来)”可知，路标森林中的第一个标志牌是一个美国士兵竖起来的，所以 B项是正确的说法。故选B
项。
19．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Lindley’s original sign has since been lost to time. Fifty years later, in 1992,
Lindley and his wife Elinor made the pilgrimage back to Watson Lake to place a replica, which is still there. (林
德利最初的标志已经随着时间的流逝而消失了。50年后的1992年，林德利和他的妻子埃丽诺朝圣回到沃
森湖，放置了一个replica，它仍然在那里)”可知，林德利最初的标志牌已经找不到了，50年后他故地重游，
重新放了一个“复制品”，所以划线词与copy同义。故选C项。
20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The Signpost Forest takes up a couple of acres, with huge panels snaking
through the trees. There are street signs, welcome signs, signatures on dinner plates, and license plates from
around the world. There are also a lot of familial signs (路标森林占地几英亩，巨大的面板蜿蜒穿过树木。这
里有街道标志、欢迎标志、餐盘上的签名，还有来自世界各地的车牌。还有很多家族标志)”和“The forest
has grown so vast that the visitor center no longer tries to keep a detailed list of the signs.(森林已经变得如此广
阔，以至于游客中心不再试图保留一个详细的标志列表)”可推知，最后一段主要讲了路标森林中指示牌的
数量和种类。故选B项。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】 29
