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四级听力讲义目 录
CONTENTS
第一部分 基础必备知识 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������001
一、语音基础必备知识.................................................................................................001
二、解题基础必备知识.................................................................................................
007
第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练& 真题演练 ��������������������������������������������������016
一、短篇新闻技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练 ......................................................016
二、长对话技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练 ..........................................................034
三、篇章技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练 ..............................................................058
四、附录：答案速查.....................................................................................................083
001第一部分 基础必备知识
一、语音基础必备知识
（一）易错易混发音讲解
对于中国学生来说，英语中的一些音素发音非常相近，听起来十分容易混淆，同
时许多考生在听力考试中误把此单词听成彼单词，造成考试中的误听，导致失分。
【知识精讲1】[e]-[æ]
The old man gave her a loving pet.
The old man gave her a loving pat.
【知识精讲2】字母组合“th”的发音
和“th”字母组合相应的一组清浊辅音是[θ]与[ð]，它们的共同特点是发音时都
要将舌尖含在上下齿之间。
【知识精讲3】[w]与[v]的发音区别
汉语中，尤其是在北方话中，这两个发音经常混在一起，但不会产生语义上的区
别。所以，中国学生很少注意两者的区别。而在英语中，这两个音是截然不同的。[w]
是半元音，发音时首先双唇收圆，然后可以随后面元音的不同而过渡到不同的口型；
而[v]是摩擦音，发音时上齿接触下唇，气流通过时产生摩擦，无论同什么样的元音组
合，首先都能听到明显的摩擦。第一部分 基础必备知识
第一部分 基础必备知识
一、语音基础必备知识
（一）易错易混发音讲解
对于中国学生来说，英语中的一些音素发音非常相近，听起来十分容易混淆，同
时许多考生在听力考试中误把此单词听成彼单词，造成考试中的误听，导致失分。
【知识精讲1】[e]-[æ]
The old man gave her a loving pet.
The old man gave her a loving pat.
【知识精讲2】字母组合“th”的发音
和“th”字母组合相应的一组清浊辅音是[θ]与[ð]，它们的共同特点是发音时都
要将舌尖含在上下齿之间。
【知识精讲3】[w]与[v]的发音区别
汉语中，尤其是在北方话中，这两个发音经常混在一起，但不会产生语义上的区
别。所以，中国学生很少注意两者的区别。而在英语中，这两个音是截然不同的。[w]
是半元音，发音时首先双唇收圆，然后可以随后面元音的不同而过渡到不同的口型；
而[v]是摩擦音，发音时上齿接触下唇，气流通过时产生摩擦，无论同什么样的元音组
合，首先都能听到明显的摩擦。
001四级听力讲义
【知识精讲4】 字母“r”在词首时的发音
字母“r”位于词首的发音也是中国学生发音的一大难点，主要原因是受汉语发音
习惯的影响。中国学生在很多情况下把它读作类似汉语的“日”的发音，而在英语中
字母“r”其实更偏向汉语中“若”的发音。
【知识精讲5】[au] 的发音
很多学生会把[au]这个音同元音[a]的发音相混淆，或者用汉语拼音中的“ao”取
代。发[au] 这个音时，要从[a]过渡到[u]，两个音都要读得饱满。
【知识精讲6】[h]的发音方法
同汉语拼音的“h”相比较，英语中的[h]是清辅音，但有的同学会把[h]音发成
类似汉语“喝”的音。发[h]音时，气流从肺部呼出，经过声门摩擦，声带不振动，非
常轻，听力考试中经常不发音，从而形成“击穿”的语音现象。
【知识精讲7】[l]和[n]的发音区别
[l]是舌边音，发音时气流从口腔流过；发[n]音时，发音的气流从鼻腔流过。另
外，发这两个音时，舌头虽然都抵上颚，但[l]接触很快、很轻，而[n]要紧抵住不放。
（二）英美发音区别
标准美音GA：General American
标准英音RP：Received Pronunciation
【知识精讲1】英美发音元音区别
1. 当字母“r”出现在单词的元音字母组合中时，美式发音会出现独特的卷舌音。
(1) far car large charge smart
(2) dear clear fear cheer here
(3) air dare pear their where
002第一部分 基础必备知识
(4) for more door pour before
(5) sure poor tour cure fewer
(6) her turn learn word first
(7) fire tired higher liar buyer
(8) hour flour shower power tower
(9) destroyer employer
2. 元音[a:]在用于[f]，[θ]，[s]前时，美语发音为[æ]。
(1) half (2) bath (3) pass (4) ask
(5) calm (6) palm (7) father (8) plaza
3. 英式发音[ɔ:]变为美式发音[ɔ]或[a]。
(1) bought (2) talk (3) ball (4) caught
(5) law (6) saw
4. 英式发音[ɔ]变为美式发音[a]。
(1) hot (2) cot (3) clock (4) shop
(5) box (6) not
5. 英式发音[ʌ]变为美式发音[ə]。
(1) up (2) love (3) cut (4) another
(5) above (6) bus (7) cup
【知识精讲2】 英美发音辅音区别
1. 字母“t”可出现在单词的词首、词中和词尾三个部位。其中字母“t”在词首与
词尾时的发音方式英美相同，例如，tight [tait]。而其在词中时，英式英语和美式英语
却有两种读法。
city forty butter
water dirty matter
writer better Betty
[t] [d]
Italian Italy
attack attic
atomic atom
photography photograph
003四级听力讲义
2. 辅音区别的第二种情况
英音 美音
(1) what
(2) where
(3) which
(4) somewhere
(5) meanwhile
（三）连读规则
很多同学抱怨听力考试中语速过快，跟不上，其实不是朗读的速度快，而是朗读
时单词与单词之间的连接更加紧密，经常会出现连读的情况，而常见的连读规则不
过12条而已，同学们一旦掌握了这12条连读规则，不但能扫平英语听力障碍，而且
能轻松听懂电影、电视、音乐中的英语发音，甚至能征服托福、雅思这类国外语言类
考试。
【知识精讲1】 辅音对元音的连读
当前面的单词以辅音结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时将前面的辅音同后
面的元音连在一起，像是构成一个音节一样的读出来，以使语言更加流畅自然。而且
连读必须发生在短语或句子的同一个意群中，在意群（及短语或从句）之间有停顿时，
两个短语或两个从句间相邻的音不连读。
1. [r]+元音
far away for a year a number of
2. [l]+元音
internal affairs
3. [t]+元音
keep it up pick it up put it off
take it easy look out of get out of
4. [n]+元音
pen and paper in an instance in an hour
clean and dirty an old lady ten o’clock
【知识精讲2】 辅音与辅音的叠合、击穿、失爆
5. 叠合现象：前面单词结尾的辅音与紧随其后的单词的起始辅音为同一个音时，
004第一部分 基础必备知识
只需读一次，而不必将这个音读两次。
more rain fall leaves part time job at two o’clock
stop playing keep pace big game big garage
some men same machine bus station
6. 击穿现象：一般情况下，当句子中前一个单词以辅音结尾，后一个单词以辅音[h]
开头，连读的时候，[h]音可以被击穿，也就是h不发音。常见于爆破音遇到[h]音时。
This is his book. Get him out of here.
7. 失爆现象：当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时，前面的爆破音不发生爆
破。也就是说对于前一个爆破音，只作发音的口型，刚要发音时，立即发出第二个爆
破音。这种情形常发生在[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]等辅音出现的时候。
last class next day It doesn’t matter.
【知识精讲3】 元音与元音的连读
元音对元音的连读实际上是在元音之间插入半元音[w]或[j]，从而使纯元音音节
之间的过渡变得自然、流畅，读起来更加上口。
8. 前面的单词以[u]、[u:]、[au]或[əu]这些音素结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开
头，这时，在两个单词之间加入半元音[w]作为过渡。
doing going go out go away
blew away throw away how old knew it
who else you are blue on top clue in
too often
9. 前面的单词以元音[ei]、[ai]、[ɔi]、[i:]或[i]这些音素结尾，紧随其后的单词以
元音开头，这时，在两个单词之间加入半元音[ j ]作为过渡。
play around any other stay up be on time
say it try it see it through she is
try again my only child the early bird see off
【知识精讲4】 连读音变
10. [t] + [j]=[tʃ]
Nice to meet you.
11. [d] + [j]=[dʒ]
Could you?
Did you?
005四级听力讲义
12. [s] + [j]=[ʃ]
I miss you.
God bless you.
（四）重音及语调
【知识精讲1】 什么是词重音
英语单词都由一至多个音节构成，一个单词至少要有一个音节。而在一组音节中，
总有一个音节比其它的音节读的声音大一些，用的力量足一些，这个音节就是所谓的
重读音节。
【知识精讲2】 单音节单词
go come try
【知识精讲3】 双音节单词
da dá forget begin
dá da window teacher
【知识精讲4】 三音节单词
dá da da medicine radio
da da dá employee guarantee
da dá da professor October
【知识精讲5】 长音节单词
da dá da da democracy
da da dá da da anniversary possibility
【知识精讲6】 短语和句子的重音
重读：实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词）
弱读：语法词
【知识精讲7】 什么是短语或句子的重音
在构成短语或句子的单词中，总有一个单词比别的单词读的重一些，这个单词本
身的重读音节也就成为句子的重心。在不特殊强调或作对比的情况下，短语或句子的
重音往往落在最后一个出现的实词的重读音节上。（在对比句中，分别代表所对照内容
物的单词通常会受到相等程度的重读。）
to the store the tickets our teacher
going to London leave tomorrow an English teacher
006第一部分 基础必备知识
Will you mail it? She is studying English.
Does she speak it? I need a book.
I need pencil and paper. Do you want coffee or tea?
【知识精讲8】 实义重读
在进行语言表达时，通常讲话人会在一句话中所要强调的内容上加大音量。即在
句子中代表讲话人所强调内容的单词会受到重读，也就是通常所说的“强调什么，重
读什么”。
Tom likes to play soccer.（不特殊强调）
Tom likes to play soccer.（强调“玩”）
Tom likes to play soccer.（强调“喜欢”）
Tom likes to play soccer.（强调“人”）
二、解题基础必备知识
大学英语四级考试的听力理解部分由短篇新闻、长对话和篇章三种题型构成。试
题采用单选题形式。录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读，语速约为每分钟120-140
词。所有录音材料均只播放一遍，每个问题后留有15秒答题时间。听力理解部分占整
张试卷的分值比例为35％，考试时间为25分钟。
试卷结构 题型分布 文章个数 题目个数 分值比例
短篇新闻 3 7 7％
听力理解 长对话 2 8 8％
篇章 3 10 20％
总计 8 25 35％
（一）解题思路
1. 错位听音， 。
2. 预览选项， 。
3. 题文同序， 。
4. 标志词与常设考点， 。
007四级听力讲义
（1）错位听音
简单的讲，“错位听音法”就是 ，把每一组考题提问的时间用
来预览后面一组考题的选项。
播放 预览
Section A考试说明
News Report 1文章
News Report 1问题
News Report 2文章
……依次类推 ……依次类推
（2）预览选项
1. 预览速度： 。
2. 先纵向，后横向： 。
3. 如果阅读速度较慢： 。
4. 分析不同题干下相关联的选项。
5. 用笔将预判的结果直接标注在卷纸上。
例1. do；to do；doing： 。
选项预览：
1. A) Serve standardized food nationwide.
B) Put calorie information on the menu.
C) Increase protein content in the food.
D) Offer convenient food to customers.
Q: What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new
rule?
选项预览：
2. A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.
B) To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.
C) To discover what most mice like to eat.
D) To determine what feelings mice have.
008第一部分 基础必备知识
Q: What is the researchers’ purpose in carrying out the series of experiments with mice?
选项预览：
3. A) Measuring it. B) Preserving it. C) Dating it. D) Identifying it.
Q: What are the researchers at New Mexico State University doing with the boy’s
discovery?
例2. by doing，with： 。
选项预览：
4. A) By tying it to a door handle.
B) By shaking it back and forth.
C) With a remote control craft.
D) With a full-sized helicopter.
Q: How did Rick Rahim remove his son’s loose tooth?
例3. 并列名词、形容词、词组： 。
选项预览：
5. A) Tobacco. B) Potatoes. C) Machinery. D) Clothing.
听力原文：
Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra’s steep mountain valleys. One of the products
it exports is clothing.
Q: What is one of the products Andorra exports?
选项预览：
6. A) They are tough. C) They are helpful.
B) They are costly. D) They are too short.
听力原文：
And I can’t wait for my next session although the lessons are rather expensive, 20
pounds an hour.
009四级听力讲义
Q: What does the man say about his driving lessons?
选项预览：
7. A) Global warming. C) Commercial hunting.
B) Polluted seawaters. D) Decreasing birthrates.
听力原文：
The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in
recent years.
Q: What has caused the decline of the whale population in recent years?
例4. 地点： 。
选项预览：
8. A) At an information service. C) At a repair shop.
B) At a car wash point. D) At a dry cleaner’s.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
选项预览：
9. A) New York. C) Baghdad.
B) Avenida Paulista. D) Rio de Janeiro.
Q: Where did the violence happen?
例5. 数字、时间、价钱： 。
选项预览：
10. A) About 8:30. B) About 6:30. C) About 5:30. D) About 4:15.
Q: At what time is Mr. Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport?
选项预览：
11. A) 0743, 12536 extension 15.
B) 0734, 21653 extension 51.
C) 0734, 38750 extension 15.
010第一部分 基础必备知识
D) 0743, 62135 extension 51.
Q: What’s the man’s telephone number?
例6. 分清男女
选项预览：
12. A) She does recording. C) She takes notes.
B) She types on a keyboard. D) She takes photos.
Q: What does the woman do during Mr. Brown’s lectures?
选项预览：
13. A) He is the only boy in his family.
B) He becomes tearful in wind.
C) He has stopped making terrible faces.
D) He is his teacher’s favorite student.
Q: What does the man say about Ben?
例7. 代词转名词
选项预览：
14. A) It boasts a fairly long history.
B) It produces construction materials.
C) It has 75 offices around the world.
D) It has over 50 business partners.
Q: What do we learn about the woman’s company?
选项预览：
15. A) They need to be further improved.
B) They can easily switch to natural gas.
C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.
D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.
Q: What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?
011四级听力讲义
（3）题文同序
大部分听力题目的出题顺序与所听文章内容顺序保持一致：基本上都是从前往后
出题。至于文章主旨类问题，例如“What is the talk mainly about?”，主旨通常在文章一
开始就会提到，但需要听完全文进行总结。根据题文同序原则听音时，如果已经出现
下一题选项的关键词，就要迅速扫读该题的选项是否与所听到的文章内容匹配，以免
错过题目。
（4）标志词与常设考点
1. 段首、段尾处
不管是听力的新闻、长对话、还是篇章，录音的第一句话或者段首句、段尾句，
历来是设题重点。有时文章的最后一句话会体现主旨大意。经常用来考查对听力材料
主旨大意的理解与把握。尤其是对于短篇新闻的考查，重要的内容常放在文章开头的
第一句话，用来概述新闻主题内容，通常对应第1题。
2. 转折处
标志词：but，however，yet，instead，today，now，although，though，even though，
despite，in spite of，in fact，actually，practically，not... but...等。
3. 对比处
标志词：while，instead，in contrast，on the other hand，unexpected，unexpectedly，
unfortunately，fortunately，whereas，rather than，as... as，more than any other等。
4. 因果关系处
标志词：because，cause，for，as，since，owing to，be due to，lead to，thanks to，
contribute to，attribute to，consequently，result from，result in，as a result...，so，now
that等。
5. 总结处
标志词：in brief，in short，all in all，generally speaking，conclude，conclusion，in
a word，as a result，in short，you see，we can say，OK，anyway...等。
6. 表示重复、强调、顺序处
1）如果某一实词在文章中 ，其往往就是正确答案。
2）某些常见标志词的 会发生变化，有些词的语气会变得强硬。
3）形容词和副词的最高级，表示唯一的词（ ）的出现。
4）常见表示顺序的标志词： 等。
012第一部分 基础必备知识
7. 定义、解释说明、建议处
标志词：according to，be known as，be defined/called as something，the definition
of...，which means，show/find/suspect/reveal that，suggest，advice，had better等。
8. 设问句处
1）一般疑问句升调处
2）特殊疑问句、特殊疑问词处
标志词： 等。
9. 特殊修辞处
排比、举例、比喻、虚拟语气处
标志词： 等。
10. 人名、数字、专有名词处
标志词： 等。
（二）解题技巧
1. 视听一致
四级听力考试中，超半数题目均可运用视听一致选出答案。视：看到的选项，听：
听到的录音。所谓视听一致就是 。
在听到与选项相关的关键词，或者常设考点的标志词之后，原文听到什么就到选
项中找与之相关或相似的答案， 或者 选项，是
正确选项的可能性更大。
例1. 选项预览：
A) It will be produced at Harvard University.
B) It will be hosted by famous professors.
C) It will cover different areas of science.
D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.
听力原文：
It will be about science, all sorts of science. Each episode will focus on a different area of
science, and tell us what we know, how we know it, and what we still don’t know.
Q: What do we learn about the TV show Science Nation?
013四级听力讲义
2. 同义替换
四级听力考试中，至少有一半的正确选项和对应的原文答案句之间存在同义替换。
常见的同义替换形式有两种：
1） ：词性的替换、短语表达的替换、否定词（双重否定表肯
定）的替换等。例如privacy = private（词根不变，词性变化）；leave the track = derail；
conceal... from... = doesn’t want...to know。
2） ：主被动语态的替换、因果关系的对调、肯否定替换，以
及详述和概括的替换等。
例2. 选项预览：
A) It is likely to close many of its stores.
B) It is known for the quality of its goods.
C) It remains competitive in the recession.
D) It will expand its online retail business.
听力原文：
Woolworths is one of the best-known names on the British High Street. It’s been in
business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s
decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token 1 pound
failed.
Q: What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?
例3. 选项预览：
A) A surprise party for Paul’s birthday.
B) Travel plans for the coming weekend.
C) Preparations for Saturday’s get-together.
D) The new market on the other side of town.
听力原文：
M: So what time do you think we should have the party on Saturday?
W: How about inviting people to come at 6 p.m.? Then we’ll have the afternoon to
014第一部分 基础必备知识
prepare food and drink, and stuff like that.
Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?
※注意：
1）听力题目几乎每个选项都带有原文词，干扰项通常就是由原文词+错误的修饰
词构成。而那些看起来找不到对应原文的同义替换，反而是正确答案。
2）越简单越常见的单词，越容易被替换。
3）正确选项往往同时包含了视听一致与同义替换。
4）如果某两个选项存在局部相反现象，那这两个选项包含正确选项的可能性较大。
015四级听力讲义
第二部分 技巧精讲 & 专项训练 & 真题演练
一、短篇新闻技巧精讲 & 专项训练 & 真题演练
【解题技巧】
短篇新闻题型通常考查三篇新闻，每篇新闻后设置2-3个小题，一共7道小题，
分值比例7%。三篇文章共450-500词。
新闻听力一般都采用 ，也就是倒叙式，指将重要的内容放在
开头的第一句话。新闻通常包括what（发生的新闻事件），when（新闻发生的时间），
where（新闻发生的地点），who（新闻里涉及的人物），why（新闻事件发生的原因）
和 how（新闻事件发生的背景）等六要素，用于梳理新闻报道的脉络以及对新闻主旨
的理解。
新闻听力的选项具有 和 ，听力原文由
构成。导语部分考查对新闻大意的理解，细节部分考查对新闻内
容的理解，也就是对新闻中如数字、人物、时间、地点、观点建议、逻辑关系等细节
的捕捉。
【大纲样题】
News Report 1选项预览：
1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
2. A) On Christmas Eve.
B) Just before midnight.
C) During a security check.
D) In the small hours of the morning.
016第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
听力原文：
Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station
in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala.
第二部分 技巧精讲 & 专项训练 & 真题演练
Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital
which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital. The explosion
happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the
一、短篇新闻技巧精讲 & 专项训练 & 真题演练 Ugandan capital Kampala.
Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded
【解题技巧】
during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen
短篇新闻题型通常考查三篇新闻，每篇新闻后设置2-3个小题，一共7道小题，
on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of
分值比例7%。三篇文章共450-500词。
possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
新闻听力一般都采用 ，也就是倒叙式，指将重要的内容放在
开头的第一句话。新闻通常包括what（发生的新闻事件），when（新闻发生的时间），
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
where（新闻发生的地点），who（新闻里涉及的人物），why（新闻事件发生的原因）
Q1: What is the news report mainly about?
和 how（新闻事件发生的背景）等六要素，用于梳理新闻报道的脉络以及对新闻主旨
Q2: When did the incident occur?
的理解。
新闻听力的选项具有 和 ，听力原文由
必备词汇：
构成。导语部分考查对新闻大意的理解，细节部分考查对新闻内
容的理解，也就是对新闻中如数字、人物、时间、地点、观点建议、逻辑关系等细节
News Report 2选项预览：
的捕捉。
3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.
【大纲样题】
B) It is known for the quality of its goods.
News Report 1选项预览：
C) It remains competitive in the recession.
1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
D) It will expand its online retail business.
B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.
C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.
D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
C) Cut its DVD publishing business.
2. A) On Christmas Eve.
D) Sell the business for one pound.
B) Just before midnight.
C) During a security check.
听力原文：
D) In the small hours of the morning.
Woolworths is one of the best-known names on the British High Street. It’s been in
business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s
017四级听力讲义
decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.
The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s
slide toward recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had
been in trouble for years. Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in
the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation
of internet retailers. Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs.
Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q3: What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?
Q4: What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?
必备词汇：
News Report 3选项预览：
5. A) All taxis began to use meters.
B) All taxis got air conditioning.
C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.
D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.
6. A) A low interest loan scheme.
B) Environmentalists’ protests.
C) Taxi passengers’ complaints.
D) Permission for car advertising.
7. A) There are no more irregular practices.
B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.
C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.
D) New legislation protects consumer rights.
听力原文：
Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old
vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies
018第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
indicate there have been signs of improvement. That’s due in part to the removal of many of
the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and
70s and were in a poor state of repair.
After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme
was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays
about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover
repayments.
The idea has proved popular with customers―they can now travel in air-conditioned
comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks
and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi
drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a few
complaints about switching from black and white to a plain white colour.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q5: What change took place in Cairo recently?
Q6: What helped bring about the change?
Q7: Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?
必备词汇：
【真题预览】
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news
report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must Choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report yon have just heard.
1. A) Enrol him in a Newcastle football club.
B) Send him to an after-school art class.
019四级听力讲义
C) Forbid him to draw in his workbook.
D) Help him post his drawings online.
2. A) Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.
B) Hired Joe to paint all the walls of its buildings.
C) Renovated its kitchen and all the dining-rooms.
D) Asked Joe for permission to use his online drawings.
听力原文：
And finally in tonight’s news, a 9-year-old boy named Joe, told not to draw in class,
wins a job decorating a restaurant with his drawings. Rather than shutting down the habit
of drawing in his school’s workbook, Joe’s parents decided to encourage his creativity by
sending their son to an after-school art class. His teacher recognized Joe’s talent and posted all
his work online, which led to something pretty wonderful.
A restaurant named “Number 4” in Newcastle contacted Joe’s teacher to ask if the
9-year-old could come and decorate its dining-room with his drawings. Every day after
school, Joe’s dad drives him to the restaurant so he can put his ideas straight on the wall. Once
he’s all done, the work will remain there permanently.
Joe’s dad said Joe is a really talented little boy. He’s excellent at school. He’s great at
football. But drawing is definitely what he is most passionate about.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q1: What did Joe’s parents decide to do?
Q2: What did the restaurant “Number 4” do?
必备词汇：
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report yon have just heard.
3. A) Get her pet dog back.
B) Beg for help from the police.
C) Identify the suspect on the security video.
D) Post pictures of her pet dog on social media.
020第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
4. A) It is suffering a great deal from the incident.
B) It is helping the police with the investigation.
C) It is bringing the case to the local district court.
D) It is offering a big reward to anyone who helps.
听力原文：
Kirsteen Marshall, a 34-year-old mum of one, posted a tearful video on social media
Wednesday, begging for the safe return of her beloved pet dog. After combing through the
security video outside a Gorbals shop, Kirsteen has now posted an image of a man suspected
of stealing the dog.
The image appears to show a man carrying the dog in his arms. Kirsteen also believes the
video obtained from the shop shows the dog being stolen by a man before driving off in a car
which had been waiting nearby.
The family is now offering a £5,000 reward for the safe return of the dog after launching
a social media campaign to find the thief.
The dog is six and a half years old and was last seen wearing a red collar.
Kirsteen said: “We’ll pay that to anyone who brings him home as long as they are not
responsible for his disappearance. ”
Police are investigating the incident.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q3: What is Kirsteen Marshall trying to do?
Q4: What does the news report say about Kirsteen Marshall’s family?
必备词汇：
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report yon have just heard.
5. A) Provide free meals to the local poor.
B) Help people connect with each other.
C) Help eliminate class difference in his area.
D) Provide customers with first-class service.
021四级听力讲义
6. A) It does not supervise its employees.
B) It donates regularly to a local charity.
C) It does not use volunteers.
D) It is open round the clock.
7. A) They will realise the importance of communication.
B) They will come to the cafe even more frequently.
C) They will care less about their own background.
D) They will find they have something in common.
听力原文：
London’s Eggs & Bread cafe offers boiled eggs, toast, jam, and bacon, as well as tea,
coffee and orange juice. But at the end of the meal, customers don’t have to worry about the
bill. Hungry customers can pay whatever amount they can afford to eat at the cafe, or nothing
at all.
Owner Guy Wilson says his cafe aims to build community, rather than profits. He wants
to provide a bridge for people to connect in an area that has been divided by class and wealth
by providing affordable breakfasts.
The cafe is open in the mornings every day of the year and has two members of staff or
supervisors on shift every day. The cafe doesn’t use volunteers, but pays its staff to ensure
consistency in its service. It doesn’t take donations and doesn’t want to be seen as a charity.
Mr. Wilson says, when people start to know other people around them, they realize
they’re not that different. And whatever their financial background, or their educational
background, most people will have something in common with each other. He says it’s
important that his cafe can offer his customers security and permanence.
Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
Q5: What does Guy Wilson say his cafe aims to do?
Q6: What does the news report say about Eggs&Bread cafe?
Q7: What happens when people start to know each other according to Guy Wilson?
必备词汇：
022第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
【短篇新闻专项训练】
（一）精听导语：一般是对于主旨题的考查。
例1. 选项预览：
A) The International Labor Organization’s key objective.
B) The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.
C) Rising unemployment worldwide.
D) Global economic recovery.
听力原文：
The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is
increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the
number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
例2. 选项预览：
A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
听力原文：
Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up in the next morning isn’t as
enjoyable. Now however, a New Zealand based startup company aims to bring messy homes
and even splitting headaches back to normal. The properly named startup Morning After
Maids, was launched about 1 month ago in Auckland by room-maids Rebecca Folly and
Catherine Ashers. Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get
coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
例3. 选项预览：
A) There is only one ecosystem in Europe.
023四级听力讲义
B) Romania’s wetlands thrive again.
C) The wildlife in Romania isn’t well protected.
D) There are 200 species of birds in Romania’s wetlands.
听力原文：
Romania’s wetlands are coming back to life thanks to help from local communities,
the World Wildlife Fund, and funding from the European Union. Roughly 2,224 acres of the
picturesque Danube Delta—home to 300 species of birds—have filled with wildlife. The land
has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the area.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
例4. 选项预览：
A) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.
B) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.
C) Invasive species are driving away certain native species.
D) A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.
听力原文：
A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the
Mediterranean, warned scientists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature has
raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and
the eastern Mediterranean.
Q: What is reported in the news?
例5. 选项预览：
A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.
B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers.
C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.
D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.
024第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
听力原文：
One dog has been killed and multiple dogs have been injured by a snowmobile driver in
what appears to be an intentional attack on competitors in the Iditarod Race in Alaska. Aliy
Zirkle was the first to report an attack. A snowmobile driver had repeatedly attempted to harm
her and her team, and one of Zirkle’s dogs had received a non-life-threatening injury.
Q: What is the news report mainly about?
（二）捕捉细节：一般是对于细节题的考查。
例1. 选项预览：
A) A strike. B) A storm. C) A forest fire. D) A terrorist attack.
听力原文：
The castle, which is located on 11,700 acres, was leased to members of the royal family
between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V. The Scottish Environment
Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as
Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.
Q: What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?
例2. 选项预览：
A) They will be fined. C) They will get a warning.
B) They will be closed. D) They will lose customers.
听力原文：
Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties of
up to 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus,
preferably next to the price.
Q: What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?
例3. 选项预览：
A) Its hardworking employees.
025四级听力讲义
B) Its flexible promotion strategy.
C) Its innovation culture.
D) Its willingness to make investments.
听力原文：
A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions,
business models and processes. The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an
example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as
a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a “Corporate Innovation Fund” which offers
big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed.
Q: What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?
例4. 选项预览：
A) They tried hard to repair the elevator.
B) They released the details of the accident.
C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.
D) They provided the miners with food and water.
听力原文：
Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can
keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’
being trapped in the elevator weren’t immediately available.
Q: What did the rescue team do?
例5. 选项预览：
A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.
B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.
C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.
D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.
026第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
听力原文：
Then Jeff King, a four-time champion, reported a similar attack. His team was hit by
a snowmobile driver, injuring several dogs and killing a 3-year-old male dog. Reporter
Zachariah Hughes says that neither King nor Zirkle was injured.
Q: What do we learn about Jeff King?
例6. 选项预览：
A) He apologized for scratching an athlete’s gold medal.
B) He was asked to present a gold medal to Miu Goto.
C) He bit a softball player’s Olympic gold medal.
D) He attracted public attention at a media event.
听力原文：
A Japanese mayor apologized Thursday for biting the Olympic gold medal of a softball
player. Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura had praised athlete, Miu Goto, during a public
media event. He asked her to put the medal around his neck. Kawamura then bit into it.
Q: What does the news report say about the Japanese mayor Takashi Kawamura?
例7. 选项预览：
A) Eat as much as they want for $10.
B) Have a chance of winning a $ 100 prize.
C) Have a meal even if they have no money.
D) Get a free meal after answering some questions.
听力原文：
No money but still hungry? No problem! Welcome to Frank’s restaurant where customers
are paying for meals and leaving receipts on a board. Anyone who is hungry and wants
something to eat can take one, no questions asked and hand it to the staff for some food.
Q: What can people do at Frank’s restaurant?
027四级听力讲义
例8. 选项预览：
A) She was involved in a conflict with bird lovers.
B) She was charged with mistreating animals.
C) She was on bad terms with her neighbors.
D) She was accused of violating a city law.
例9. 选项预览：
A) It will take time to solve the rat problem.
B) All wild animals should be well protected.
C) The woman was not to blame for the situation.
D) No one should go unpunished for violating law.
听力原文：
A woman was charged with allegedly violating a Rhode Island city law against feeding
wild animals. The 55-year-old woman’s neighbors blame her for making the area’s rat
problem worse.
Newly installed cameras captured several rats active in the middle of the day. Neighbors
say that it’s even worse during the night.
The woman and her parents, who own the home, told reporters that she’s being charged
for feeding birds.
“Who would have known just loving animals gets you that much trouble,” she said.
It is prohibited to feed any wild animals including birds in Rhode Island City.
Nevertheless, while the woman’s intention was to feed birds, it is clear that rats were also
benefiting.
Anthony Moretti, director of the city administration, said he saw more than 20 rats near
the woman’s home. He said it will take months to get the problem under control.
Q: What do we learn from the report about the 55-year-old woman?
Q: What did the director of the City Administration say at the end of the news report?
028第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
【短篇新闻真题演练1】
练习1
Questions 1 to 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) He noticed the driver was too young to drive.
B) He found there was no one sitting at the wheel.
C) He thought something must be wrong with the driver.
D) He saw the driver changing lanes much too frequently.
2. A) A. Buy a sports car. B) Drive across town.
C) Leave California. D) Visit his sister
听力原文：
A police officer in the U. S. stopped a large SUV car that was going very slowly and
drifting across lanes on a highway. He expected to find the driver who was either very drunk
or having a medical emergency. Instead, the officer discovered a five-year-old boy sat on the
edge of the driver’s seat. His feet could barely reach the brake, and his head was only just
high enough to see out of the windows. The child had taken the keys to the family car while
his teenage sister was napping. He then drove three kilometers across town before getting on
the highway. The boy later told confused officers that he was planning to travel to California
and buy a Lamborghini sports car. Although he only had 3 dollars in his wallet, at least he was
driving in the right direction.
Question 1. Why did the police officer stop the SUV car?
Question 2. What did the boy tell the police officers he was planning to do?
练习2
Questions 3 to 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) How they change the way we shop.
B) How they alter human skeletons.
C) How they cause increased headaches.
D) How they affect our communication.
4. A) It loosens. B) It brightens.
029四级听力讲义
C) It hardens. D) It softens.
听力原文：
Mobile phones have changed the way we live — how we read, work, communicate, and
shop. But we already know this.
What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing
our skeletons, possibly altering not just the way we behave, but even the very shape of our
bodies.
New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia,
suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads.
These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend their heads when they use the phone.
This shifts weight onto the muscles at the back of the head and causes the bone to grow in a
way that is not normal. This process can be compared to the way the skin hardens in
response to constant rubbing or pressure. The result is a piece of bone like a horn that
sticks out from the head by the neck.
Question 3. What does the report say we have not yet understood about mobile phones?
Question 4. What happens to the skin when rubbed or pressed constantly?
练习3
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Create Internet pages for him.
B) Ask a local pet shop to adopt him.
C) Name an orange tree after him.
D) Hold a birthday party for him.
6. A) He is a bold and aggressive pet.
B) He pays regular visits to the village shops.
C) He once bit a doctor’s receptionist.
D) He likes to sit on the hairdresser’s chair.
7. A) He is fond of luxury cat food.
B) He knows everybody in the village.
030第二部分 技巧精讲&专项训练&真题演练
C) He likes to stay in villagers’ houses.
D) He often seeks food around her pub.
听力原文：
A village is going to throw a birthday party for an orange cat named Wilbur, who has
become famous for making a regular appearance at local shops.
Wilbur has his own Internet pages as he approaches his 10th birthday on July 7. Wilbur
is both bold and friendly. He spends most of his time in shops and businesses around the
village. He’ll just take himself into any shop, anywhere.
There was one time when the doctor’s receptionist came back and he was sitting on
her chair. Among his favorite haunts are a local hairdresser, two pubs, and the Nottingham
Primary School.
Lesley Harper, who runs one of the pubs, said the cat has been a big hit with their
customers. “He’s been a regular visitor for most of this year,” she told the Press Association.
“He’s a very relaxed cat, happy for customers and villagers young and old to come in and say
hello. ”She also said he is a cat of expensive tastes, who likes his high-priced cat food.
Sarah Godfrey, who is organizing Wilbur’s party, told the local newspaper, “Wilbur is
part of our lives, as he is for everyone who lives in the village. ”
Question 5. What does the report say the village is going to do for the cat Wilbur?
Question 6. What do we learn from the report about the cat?
Question 7. What does the pub owner, Lesley Harper, say about the cat?
【短篇新闻真题演练2】
练习1
Questions 1 to 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Their interests are quite similar.
B) They are generally the same age.
C) Their brains work in harmony.
D) They have the same ethnic background.
2. A) It can work both ways.
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