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2001 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
PartⅠ Structure and Vocabulary
（略）
Part ⅡCloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],
[B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people
involved in prominent cases31the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant32of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will
introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses34and will strictly control the
amount of 35that can be given to a case36a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee,
Lord Irvine said he37with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did
not38sufficient control.
39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a40of media protest when he said the41of
privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges42to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which43the European
Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was45to privacy
and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
"Press freedoms will be in safe hands46 our British judges," he said.
①Witness payments became an47after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. ②Up to
19 witnesses were 48to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.
③ Concerns were raised49witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court
to50guilty verdicts. (272 words)
31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as
32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening
33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft
34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper
35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity
36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as
37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed
38. [A] present [B]offer [C] manifest [D] indicate
39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure
1/1140. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash
41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D]demonstration
42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than
43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns
44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining
45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified
46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by
47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue
48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told
49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that
50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Eachof the passage below is followed by some questions. For each question there are for
answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passage carefully and choose the best
answer to each of the question. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET1 by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)
Passage 1
①Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of
scientific knowledge.② By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could
continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research.③But specialisation
was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of
communication.④Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
①No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:
exceptions can be found to any rule.②Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation
that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular,
may not fully share its values.③ The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its
consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur
participation in science. ④The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based
especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of
thedevelopment of geology in the United Kingdom.
①A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not
simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what
constitutes an acceptable research paper.② Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological
studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local
studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect
on, the wider geological picture.③ Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local
2/11studies in the old way.④The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological
journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of
refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological
journals in the twentieth century.⑤As a logical consequence of this development, separate
journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.⑥A
rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together
nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain
in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
①Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in
British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the
twentieth century.②In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the
crucial period for this change in the structure of science.（424 words）
51. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as
______.
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
52. We can infer from the passage that ______.
[A]there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.
[A]the process of specialisation and professionalisation
[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C]the change of policies in scientific publications
[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
54.The direct reason for specialisation is ______.
[A]the development in communication
[B]the growth of professionalisation
[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D]the splitting up of academic societies
Passage 2
①A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of
the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. ②And that divide does exist today.
③My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. ④What was less visible
then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. ⑤ There are
reasons to be optimistic.
①There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. ②As the Internet
becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—
3/11after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. ③ More and more
governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. ④Within
the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. ⑤As a
result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. ⑥And
that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating
world poverty that we've ever had.
①Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. ②And the Internet
is not the only tool we have. ③But it has enormous potential.
① To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their
outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. ②Countries that still think
foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure
(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States.③When the United States built
its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. ④ And that is why America's
Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built
with foreign investment. ⑤The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing
in Britain's former colony. ⑥ They financed them. ⑦ Immigrant Americans built them.
⑧Guess who owns them now? ⑨The Americans. ⑩I believe the same thing would be true in
places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. ⑪The more foreign capital you have helping
you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better
off you're going to be. ⑫That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign
corporations run uncontrolled. ⑬ But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in
building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.（417
words）
55. Digital divide is something _________.
[A] getting worse because of the Internet [B] the rich countries are responsible for
[C] the world must guard against [D] considered positive today
56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.
[A] offers economic potentials [B] can bring foreign funds
[C] can soon wipe out world poverty [D] connects people all over the world
57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _________.
[A] providing financial support overseas [B] preventing foreign capital's control
[C] building industrial infrastructure [D] accepting foreign investment
58. It seems that now a country's economy depends much on _________.
[A] how well-developed it is electronically
[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
[C] whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
[D] how much control it has over foreign corporations
Passage 3
① Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? ② The
American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. ③ The
organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and
4/11spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in
the world those readers really want.
①But the sources of distrust go way deeper. ②Most journalists learn to see the world through a
set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. ③ In other words,
there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-
made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
①There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps
explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. ②In a recent
survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one
large metropolitan area. ③ Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and
asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale
neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to
church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
①Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to
reflect the conventional values of this elite. ② The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t
rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between
reporters and their readers.
① This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. ② Here is a
troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers.
③ Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why
customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. ④ But it never seems to get around to
noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. ⑤If it
did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look
for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. (388 words)
59. What is the passage mainly about?
[A] Needs of the readers all over the world.
[B] Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
[C] Origins of the declining newspaper industry.
[D] Aims of a journalism credibility project.
60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be_______.
[A] quite trustworthy
[B] somewhat contradictory
[C] very illuminating
[D] rather superficial
61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their_______.
[A] working attitude
[B] conventional lifestyle
[C] world outlook
[D] educational background
62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its_______.
[A] failure to realize its real problem
[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters
5/11[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
[D] prejudice in matters of race and gender
Passage 4
①The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.
②The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries
with unsurpassed might.③ Many in these countries are looking at this process and
worrying:“Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive
force?”
①There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.② Multinational
corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. ③ Today the figure is
more than 25% and growing rapidly.④International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment
of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.⑤In Argentina, for
instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the
industrial production of the 200 largest firms.⑥This phenomenon has created serious concerns
over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of
the world economy.
①I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that
underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and
investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting
customers’demands.②All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers.③As productivity
grows, the world’s wealth increases.
①Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.②Yet it is hard to
imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition
that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.
③The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for
consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress.④On the contrary, the price of
communications is coming down fast.⑤In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness
Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
①Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.② A few weeks ago,
Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. ③ Who is going to
supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being
created?④Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too
strict about infringements to fair competition?⑤And should one country take upon itself the role
of“defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft
case?（417 words）
63. What is the typical trend of businesses today?
[A]To take in more foreign funds.
[B]To invest more abroad.
[C]To combine and become bigger.
[D]To trade with more countries.
64. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is______.
6/11[A] the greater customer demands.
[B]a surplus supply for the market.
[C]a growing productivity.
[D] the increase of the world's wealth.
65.From paragraph 4 we can infer that______.
[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers.
[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs.
[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous.
[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition.
66.Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be______.
[A]optimistic.
[B]objective.
[C] pessimistic.
[D]biased.
Passage 5
①When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might
become a part of a new international trend. ②A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my
professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the
manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend
more time with my family".
①Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the
Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. ②I have been
transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "have it all", preached by Linda
Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle
for a bit of everything.
①I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the
editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",
and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than
financial success and social status. ②Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life
Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the
fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".
①In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-
established trend. ②Downshifting—also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"—has,
ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. ③There are a
number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;
there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of
Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there
are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass
redundancies caused by downsizing in the late '80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in
Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different
reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the '80s,
7/11downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your
own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your
limitations. (428 words)
67. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
[ A ] Full-time employment is a new international trend.
[ B ] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[ C ] "A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment.
[ D ] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _______.
[ A ] enables her to realize her dream
[ B ] helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[ C ] prompts her to abandon her high social status
[ D ] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69. "Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by _______.
[ A ] non-materialistic lifestyle [ B ] a bit of everything
[ C ] extreme stress [ D ] anti-consumerism
70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of _______.
[ A ] the quick pace of modern life [ B ] man's adventurous spirit
[ C ] man's search for mythical experiences [ D ] the economic situation
PartⅣEnglish-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
In less than 30 years' time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the
brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing
virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.
(71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors
that will disable them when they offend. (72) Children will play with dolls equipped with
personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than
tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.
According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for
the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1, 000 years), when supercomputers will
dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
(73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to
produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect
hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments
will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming
into use between now and 2040.
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. "By linking directly to our
8/11nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that
we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the
Star Trek holodeck," he says. (74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine
integration: "it will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a
fully electronic human before the end of the next century."
Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be
predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available,
or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect
social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance
cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots
will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. (75)
And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in
the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.(406 words)
PartⅤ Writing
76.Directions:
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but
everyone has his/her own understanding of it.
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to
the newspaper to
(1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,
(2) give a specific example, and
(3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
9/11答案速查表
PartⅠ Structure and Vocabulary(15 points)
（略）
Part ⅡCloze Test(10 points)
31.D32.A33.D34.B 35.A36.C37.D 38.B39.A,B40.A
41.B42.C43.B44.A45.C46.A47.D48.C 49.D50.C
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40 points)
51.D 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.C 56.A 57.D 58.A 59.B 60.D
61.C 62.A63.C64.A65.D66.B67.B68.B69.C70.D
PartⅣEnglish-Chinese Translation(15 points)
71.届时，将会出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目，及装有污染监测器的汽车，
一旦汽车污染超标，监测器就会使其停驶。
72.孩子们将会与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，性格内置的计算机将会被视为
工作伙伴而不再是工具，人们将会在气味电视前休闲放松，那时，数字化时
代已经到来。
73.皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百位研究者的研究成果，制作出了一个独特的千年
技术日历，它列出了人们有望看到的数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。
74.皮尔森指出，但是上述突破仅仅是人机一体化的开端，“这将是人机一体化
漫长过程中的起始阶段，在下个世纪结束之前，人机一体化最终将会创造
出一个完完全全的电子人。”
75.家用电器将会变得非常智能化，以至于控制和操作这些电器将会引发一种新
的心理疾病——厨房狂躁症。
10/11
