六级2017-12-2_四六级真题+资料包_六级真题_2017真题+解析

机密 启用前 ★ 大 学 英 语 六 级 考 试 COLLEGEENGLISHTEST BandSix — — 2017-12-2 ( ) 试 题 册 ☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆ 敬 告 考 生 一、 在答题前,请认真完成以下内容: 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条 答题卡的印刷质量 如有问题及时向监考员反应 确认无 1. 、 , , 误后完成以下两点要求 。 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡 的条形码粘贴框内 并将姓名和准考 2. 1 , 证号填写在试题册背面相应位置 。 请在答题卡 和答题卡 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号 姓名和学校名称 并用 3. 1 2 、 , HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑 。 二、 在考试过程中,请注意以下内容: 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答 在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效 1. , 。 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文 听力 阅读 翻译各部分考试 作答作文期 2. 、 、 、 , 间不得翻阅该试题册 听力录音播放完毕后 请立即停止作答 监考员将立即收回答题卡 得 。 , , 1, 到监考员指令后方可继续作答 。 作文题内容印在试题册背面 作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内 3. , 作答 。 选择题均为单选题 错选 不选或多选将不得分 作答时必须使用 铅笔在答题卡上相 4. , 、 , HB-2B 应位置填涂 修改时须用橡皮擦净 , 。 三、 以下情况按违规处理: 不正确填写 涂 个人信息 错贴 不贴 毁损条形码粘贴条 1. ( ) , 、 、 。 未按规定翻阅试题册 提前阅读试题 提前或在收答题卡期间作答 2. 、 、 。 未用所规定的笔作答 折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷 3. 、 。 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机 4. 。 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2017年12月大学英语六级考试(第2套) PartI Writing 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthe : , saying Seektounderstandothers andyouwillbeunderstood.Youcancite “ , ” examplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomore than200words. PartII ListeningComprehension 30minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendof : , eachconversation youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversation , andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion , youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B ), ), C andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with ) ) asinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 1.A)Sayafewwordstothankthespeaker. B)Introducethespeakertotheaudience. C)Givealectureonthehistoryofthetown. D)Hostatalkonhowtogiveagoodspeech. 2.A)Hewasthefounderofthelocalhistorysociety. B)HehasworkedwithMissBlighfor20years. C)Hehaspublishedabookonpublicspeaking. D)Hejoinedthelocalhistorysocietywhenyoung. 3.A)Shewasobviouslybetterattalkingthanwriting. B)Shehadagoodknowledgeofthetown􀆳shistory. C)Herspeechwassofunnyastoamusetheaudience. D)Herancestorscametothetowninthe18thcentury. 4.A)Hereadexactlywhatwaswritteninhisnotes. B)Hekeptforgettingwhathewasgoingtosay. C)Hemadeanembarrassingremark. D)Hewastoonervoustospeakup. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 22Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 5.A)Whattheirretailersdemand. C)Howtheyaregoingtobeattheirrivals. B)Whattheirrivalsaredoing. D)Howdramaticallythemarketischanging. 6.A)Theyshouldbetakenseriously. C)Theirbusinessstrategyisquiteeffective. B)Theyarerapidlycatchingup. D)Theirpotentialhasbeenunderestimated. 7.A)ShehadgivenittoTom. C)Shehadnotseenityet. B)Itsimplymadehergofrantic. D)Itwasnotmuchofabigconcern. 8.A)Restructuringthewholecompany. B)Employingmoreforwardingagents. C)PromotingcooperationwithJayalMotors. D)ExportingtheirmotorbikestoIndonesia. SectionB DirectionsInthissection youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage youwill : , , hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly once.Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour , choicesmarkedA B C andD .ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer ), ), ) ) Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 9.A)Itmakesclaimsinconflictwiththeexistingresearch. B)Itfocusesonthelinkbetweenbedtimeandnutrition. C)Itcautionsagainsttheoveruseofcoffeeandalcohol. D)Itshowsthat“nightowls”workmuchlessefficiently. 10.A)Theypaygreaterattentiontofoodchoice. B)Theytendtoachievelessthantheirpeers. C)Theyrunahigherriskofgainingweight. D)Theystandagreaterchancetofallsick. 11.A)Getuplate. C)Exercisemore. B)Sleep8hoursaday. D)Gotobedearlier. Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 12.A)Alloftheactingnomineesarewhite. C)Itisprejudicedagainstforeignfilms. B)IthasgottoomuchpublicityonTV. D)Only7%ofthenomineesarefemale. 13.A)22percentofmoviedirectorswerepeopleofcolor. B)HalfoftheTVprogramswereethnicallybalanced. C)Onlyone-fifthofTVshowshadblackcharacters. D)Only3.4percentoffilmdirectorswerewomen. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 2 2214.A)Non-whitemales. C)Femalesofcolorover40. B)Programcreators. D)Asianspeakingcharacters. 15.A)Theyconstitute17%ofHollywoodmoviecharacters. B)TheyaremostunderrepresentedacrossTVandfilm. C)TheycontributelittletotheU.S.filmindustry. D)Theyaccountfor8.5%oftheU.S.population. SectionC DirectionsInthissection youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfour : , questions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion youmust , choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD .Thenmarkthe ), ), ) ) correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 16.A)Onethatcanprovideforemergencyneeds. B)Onethatcanpayfortheirmedicalexpenses. C)Onethatcoverstheirdebtsandburialexpenses. D)Onethatensuresahealthylifefortheirlateryears. 17.A)Purchaseinsurancefortheirchildren. C)Buyahomewithasmalldownpayment. B)Savesufficientmoneyforarainyday. D)Addmoreinsuranceonthebreadwinner. 18.A)Whentheirchildrengrowupandleavehome. B)Whentheyhavesavedenoughforretirement. C)Whentheirfamilymovetoadifferentplace. D)Whentheyhavefoundbetter-payingjobs. Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 19.A)Theydomoreharmthangood. C)Theydonothelpbuildfriendship. B)Theyhaveoftenbeenignored. D)Theymaynotalwaysbenegative. 20.A)Biasedsourcesofinformation. C)MisinterpretationofShakespeare. B)Ignoranceofculturaldifferences. D)Tendencytojumptoconclusions. 21.A)Theyarehardtodismissonceattachedtoacertaingroup. B)Theymayhaveanegativeimpactonpeopletheyapplyto. C)Theypersistevenwhencircumstanceshavechanged. D)Theyareoftenappliedtominoritiesandethnicpeople. 22.A)Theyimpactpeoplemoreorlessinthesameway. B)Somepeoplearemoresensitivetothemthanothers. C)Apositivestereotypemayhelponeachievebetterresults. D)Anegativestereotypestickswhileapositiveonedoesnot. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 3 22Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 23.A)Usesomeover-the-countermedicineinstead. B)Quittakingthemedicineimmediately. C)Takesomedrugtorelievethesideeffect. D)Askyourpharmacisttoexplainwhyitoccurs. 24.A)Itmayhelppatientsfallasleep. C)Itmaycauseseriousharmtoone􀆳sliver. B)Itmayleadtomentalproblems. D)Itmayincreasetheeffectofcertaindrugs. 25.A)Telltheirchildrentotreatmedicineswithrespect. B)Keepmedicinesoutofthereachoftheirchildren. C)Makesuretheirchildrenusequalitymedicines. D)Asktheirchildrentouselegitimatemedicines. PartIII ReadingComprehension 40minutes ( ) SectionA DirectionsInthissection thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone : , wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce. ThePacificislandnationofPalauhasbecomehometothesixthlargestmarinesanctuaryin theworld.Thenew marinereserve,nowthelargestinthePacific,will 26 nofishingor mining.Palaualsoestablishedtheworld􀆳sfirstsharksanctuaryin2009. Thetinyislandnationhassetaside500,000squarekilometres — 80percent— ofits maritime 27 ,forfullprotection.That􀆳sthehighestpercentageofan 28 economiczone devotedtomarineconservationbyanycountryintheworld.Theremaining20percentofthe Palauseaswillbereservedforlocalfishingbyindividualsandsmall-scale 29 fishing businesseswithlimitedexports. “Island 30 havebeenamongthehardesthitbythethreatsfacingtheocean,”said PresidentTommyRemengesauJr.inastatement.“Creatingthissanctuaryisaboldmovethat thepeopleofPalaurecogniseas 31 tooursurvival.Wewanttoleadthewayinrestoring thehealthoftheoceanforfuturegenerations.” Palauhasonlybeenan 32 nationfortwentyyearsandhasastronghistoryof environmentalprotection.Itishometooneoftheworld􀆳sfinestmarineecosystems,withmore than1,300speciesoffishand700speciesofcoral. SenatorHokkonsBaules,lead 33 ofthePalauNationalMarineSanctuaryAct,said thesanctuary will “helpbuilda 34 futureforthePalauanpeoplebyhonoringthe 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 4 22conservationtraditionsofourpast”.Theseincludethecenturies-oldcustomof“bul”,where leaderswouldcallatemporarystoptofishingforkeyspeciesinordertogivefish 35 an replenish(补充) opportunityto . A)allocate B)celebrities C)commercial D)communities E)essential F)exclusive G)independent H)indulge I)permit J)secure K)solitary L)spectacle M)sponsor N)stocks O)territory SectionB DirectionsInthissection youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit. : , Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythe paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsby markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2. Who􀆳sReallyAddictingYoutoTechnology? A)“NearlyeveryoneIknowisaddictedinsome measuretotheinternet,”wrote Tony TheNewYorkTimes Schwartzin .It􀆳sacommoncomplaintthesedays.Asteadystreamof similarheadlinesaccusetheNetanditsoffspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegames ofaddictingustodistraction B)There􀆳slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththeNethasdifficulty disconnecting.Manyofus,likeSchwartz,struggletostayfocusedontasksthatrequire moreconcentrationthanittakestopostastatusupdate.Asonepersonironicallyputitin thecommentssectionofSchwartz􀆳sonlinearticle,“AsIwasreadingthisveryexcellent article,Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheckmyemail.” C)There􀆳ssomethingdifferentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.But who􀆳satfaultforitsoveruse? Tofindsolutions,it􀆳simportanttounderstandwhatwe􀆳re dealingwith.Therearefourpartiesconspiringtokeepyouconnected:thetech,yourboss, yourfriendsandyou. D)Thetechnologiesthemselves,andtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblameforour TheShallows WhattheInternetIs diminishingattentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorof : DoingtoOurBrains ,wrote,“Thenetisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,amachine gearedtodividingattention.” E)Onlineserviceslike Facebook,Twitterandthelike,arecalled outas mastersof manipulation — making,productssogoodthatpeoplecan􀆳tstopusingthem.After studyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabookabouthowtheydoit.Ilearnedit allstartswiththebusinessmodel.Sincetheseservicesrelyonadvertisingrevenue,the 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 5 22morefrequentlyyouusethem,themoremoneytheymake.It􀆳snowonderthesecompanies employteamsofpeoplefocusedonengineeringtheirservicestobeasengagingaspossible. Theseproductsaren􀆳thabit-formingbychance;it􀆳sbydesign.Theyhaveanincentiveto keepushooked. F)However,asgoodastheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthemat bay.Forexample,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthat triggeroururgetocheck.AccordingtoAdam Marchick,CEOofmobilemarketingcompany Kahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphoneuserseverbothertoadjusttheirnotification settings— meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheappmakers􀆳everypreset trigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit􀆳supto ustotakestepstoensurewesetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsofthe appmakers􀆳. G)WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogeneraterevenuefromadvertisers, othertechnologieshavenosuchagenda.Takeemail,forexample.Thissystemcouldn􀆳t carelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,emailisthemosthabit-formingmediumofall. Wecheckemailatallhoursoftheday— we􀆳reobsessed.Butwhy?Becausethat􀆳swhatthe bosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,emailistheprimarytoolofcorporate communication.Aslowresponsetoamessagecouldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalso yourlivelihood. H)Yourfriendsarealsoresponsiblefortheaddiction.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.People gatheredaroundatable,enjoyingfoodandeachother􀆳scompany.There􀆳slaughterandabit ofkidding.Then,duringanintervalintheconversation,someonetakesouttheirphoneto checkwhoknowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysathing. belches(打 I)Now,imaginethesamedinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,theperson 嗝) — loudly.Everyonenotices.Unlessthe mealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisis consideredbadmanners.Theimpoliteactviolatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.Onehasto wonder:whydon􀆳tweapplythesamesocialnormstocheckingphonesduring meals, meetingsandconversationsaswedotootherantisocialbehaviors? Somehow,weacceptit andsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends. J)Therealityis,takingone􀆳sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworsethanbelchingbecause, unlikeotherminoroffense,checkingtechiscontagious.Onceonepersonlooksattheir phone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame,startingachainreaction.Themore peopleareontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinallyyou􀆳retheonlyoneleft notreadingemailorcheckingTwitter.Fromasocietalperspective,phonecheckingisless likebelchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbadhabit.Ourphonesarelikecigarettes— somethingtodowhenwe􀆳reanxious,boredorwhenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywith. Seeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneakaquickglance,istootemptingtoresistandsoon 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 6 22everyoneisdoingit. K)Thetechnology,yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourself using(oroverusing)thesegadgets.Butthere􀆳sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny—the personholdingthephone. L)I have a confession.Even though Istudy habit-forming technology for aliving, disconnectingisnoteasyforme.I􀆳monlinefarmorethanI􀆳dlike.LikeSchwartzandso manyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandofftask.IwantedtoknowwhysoIbegan self-monitoringto try to understand my behavior.That􀆳s when I discovered an uncomfortabletruth.Iusetechnologyasanescape.WhenI􀆳mdoingsomethingI􀆳drather notdo,orwhenI􀆳msomeplaceI􀆳drathernotbe,Iusemyphonetoportmyselfelsewhere. Ifoundthatthisabilitytoinstantlyshiftmyattentionwasoftenagoodthing,likewhen passingtimeonpublictransportation.Butfrequentlymytechusewasnotsobenign.When Ifaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaoreditingthesamedraftforthe hundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwoulddraw mein.Icouldeasily escapediscomfort,temporarily,byansweringemailorbrowsingthe web underthe pretenseofso-called“research.”ThoughIdesperatelywantedtolayblameelsewhere,I finallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodowithnew-agetechnologyandmoreto procrastination(拖延) dowithold-fashioned . M)It􀆳seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew. AristotleandSocratesdebatedthenatureof“akrasia”—ourtendencytodothingsagainst ourinterests.Ifwe􀆳rehonestwithourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtime andminds.Ifweweren􀆳tonourdevices,we􀆳dlikelydosomethingsimilarlyunproductive. N)Personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere􀆳snodoubtcompaniesare engineeringtheirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingandattractive.Butwouldwe wantitanyotherway? Theintendedresultofmakingsomethingbetteristhatpeopleuseit more.That􀆳snotnecessarilyaproblem,that􀆳sprogress. O)Theseimprovementsdon􀆳tmeanweshouldn􀆳tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.Inorder tomakesureitdoesn􀆳tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatit􀆳smore thanthetechnologyitselfthat􀆳sresponsibleforourhabits.Ourworkplaceculture,social normsandindividualbehaviorsallplayapart.Toputtechnologyinitsplace,wemustbe consciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitischangingus. 36.Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofittheygenerate. 37.Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskathand. 38.Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching. 39.Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessofhowitis changingbutalsohowitisimpactingus. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 7 2240.MostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseofInternetdistractions. 41.Whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit. 42.Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon􀆳ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettingstosuit theirownpurposes. 43.TheInternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention. 44.Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhathe shoulddorightaway. 45.White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseitisrequiredbytheiremployers. SectionC Directions Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor : unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA B C ), ), ) andD .Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron ) AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOne Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage. You mayhaveheardthatCoca-Colaoncecontainedaningredientcapableofsparking particulardevotioninconsumers:cocaine.The“coca”inthenamereferredtotheextractsof syrup(浆 cocaleafthatthedrink􀆳soriginator,chemistJohnPemberton,mixedwithhissugary 汁) tonic(滋 补 品) .Atthetime,cocaleafextract mixed with wine wasacommon ,and Pemberton􀆳ssweetbrewwasawaytogetaroundlocallawsprohibitingthesaleofalcohol.But infamous(名声不好的) theotherhalfofthenamerepresentsanotheringredient,less ,perhaps, butalsostrangelypotent:thekolanut. InWestAfrica,peoplehavelongchewedkolanutsasstimulants,becausetheycontain caffeinethatalso occurs naturallyintea,coffee,andchocolate.They also have heart stimulants. HistorianPaulLovejoyrelatesthatthecultivationofkolanutsinWestAfricaishundreds ofyearsold.Theleafy,spreadingtreeswereplantedongravesandaspartoftraditionalrituals. Eventhoughthenuts,whichneedtostay moist,canbesomewhatdelicatetotransport, traderscarriedthemhundredsofmilesthroughouttheforestsandgrasslands. Europeansdidnotknowofthemuntilthe1500s,whenPortugueseshipsarrivedonthe coastofwhatisnowSierraLeone.AndwhilethePortuguesetookpartinthetrade,ferrying nutsdownthecoastalongwithothergoods,by1620,whenEnglishexplorerRichardJobson madehiswayuptheGambia,thenutswerestillpeculiartohiseyes. Bythelate19thcentury,kolanutswerebeingshippedbythetonnetoEuropeandtheUS. Manymadetheirwayintomedicines,intendedasakindofenergyboost.Onesuchpopular medicinaldrinkwasVinMariani,aFrenchproductconsistingofcocaextractmixedwithred 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 8 22wine.ItwascreatedbyaFrenchchemist,Angelo Mariani,in1863.So whenPemberton createdhisdrink,itrepresentedanongoingtrend.Whencocaineeventuallyfellfromgraceasa beverageingredient,kola-extractcolasbecamepopular. Thefirstyearitwasavailable,Coca-Colaaveragednineservingsadayacrossallthe Atlantasodafountainswhereitwassold.Asitgrewmorepopular,thecompanysoldrightsto bottlethesoda,soitcouldtraveleasily.Todayabout1.9billionCokesarepurchaseddaily.It􀆳s becomesoiconicthatattemptstochangeitstastein1985—sweeteningitinamoveprojected toboostsales — proveddisastrous,with widespreadangerfrom consumers.“Coca-Cola Classic”returnedtostoreshelvesjustthreemonthsafterthe“NewCoke”wasreleased. Thesedays,theCoca-Colarecipeisacloselyguardedsecret.Butit􀆳ssaidtonolonger containkolanutextract,relyinginsteadonartificialimitationstoachievetheflavour. 46.WhatdowelearnaboutchemistJohnPemberton? A)Heusedastrangelypotentingredientinafoodsupplement. B)Hecreatedadrinkcontainingalcoholwithoutbreakinglaw. C)Hebecamenotoriousbecauseofthecocadrinkhedeveloped. D)Heriskedbreakinglocallawtomakeadrinkwithcocaleaves. 47.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutkolanuts? A)TheircommercialvaluewasfirstdiscoveredbyPortuguesesettlers. B)Theycontainsomekindofenergyboostnotfoundinanyotherfood. C)ManywereshippedtoEuropeinthelate19thcenturyformedicinaluse. D)TheywerestrangetotheEuropeanswhenfirstimportedfrom WestAfrica. 48.Howcomekola-extractcolasbecamepopular? A)Cocainehadbecomenotorious. C)Fountainsweresetuptosellthem. B)Alcoholicdrinkswereprohibited. D)Rightsweresoldtobottlethesoda. 49.WhatisknownaboutthetasteofCoca-Cola? A)Itwassodesignedastocreateaddictioninconsumers. B)Itstillreliesontraditionalkolanutextract. C)Ithasbecomemorepopularamongtheold. D)Ithasremainedvirtuallyunchangedsinceitscreation. 50.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout? A)TheevolutionofCoca-Cola. B)ThesuccessstoryofCoca-Cola. C)ThemedicinalvalueofCoca-Cola. D)ThebusinessstrategyofCoca-Cola. PassageTwo Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Twentyyearsago,theUrbanLandInstitutedefinedthetwotypesofcitiesthatdominated 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 9 22theUSlandscape:smallercitiesthatoperatedaroundstandard9-5businesshoursandlarge metropolitanareasthatranall24hoursoftheday.Analyzingandcomparingcitiesusingthe lensofthisbasicdividegivesinterestingcontexttohowinvestmentcapitalflowsandhousing priceshaveshifted. Inrecentyears,manymid-sizedcitieshavebeguntoadoptamiddle-of-the-roadapproach incorporatingtheexcitementandopportunityoflargecities withsmallcities􀆳quietafter midnight.These18-hourcitiesarebeginningtomakewavesinrealestaterankingsandattract morerealestateinvestment.Whatisunderlyingthisnewmovementinrealestate,andwhydo thesecitieshavesomuchappeal? 18-hourcitiescombinethebestof24-hourand9-5cities,whichcontributestodowntown revitalization.Fordecades,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcitieswereabandoned afterworkhoursbyworkerswholivedinthesuburbs.Movementoutofcitycenterswas widespread,anddowntowntenantswerepredominantlymadeupoftheworkingpoor.This generatedlittlecommercefordowntownbusinessesintheevenings,whichmadebusinessand generatingtaxrevenueformunicipalupkeepdifficult.Withtheriseofanewconceptinurban planningthataimstomakelifeeasierandmoreconvenient,however,increasingpopularityfor urbanareasthatcausedtherealestatepushes,inmajorcitieslikeSanFranciscoorNewYork, hasinspiredatypeofforwardthinkingurbanityandpolicyinsmallercities. Transformingdowntownareassothattheyincorporatemodernhousingandimprovedwalkability tolocalrestaurants,retail,and entertainment — especially when combined withimproved infrastructureforcyclistsandpublictransit— makesthemappealtoamoreaffluentdemographic. Theseadjustmentsencourageemployersintheknowledgeandtalentindustriestokeeptheiroffices downtown.Accesstofoottrafficandproximitytotransitallowthetypeofentertainment-oriented businessessuchasbarsandrestaurantstostayopenlater,whichattractsbothyounger,creative workersandbabyboomersnearingretirementalike.Becauseoftheirsmallersize,mostkeephours thatallowpeopletoenjoythemselves,thenhavesomequietaftermidnight,asopposedtolarge majorcitieslikeNewYork,wherethebuzzofactivityisongoing. These18-hourcitiesarerapidlyontheriseandoffergreatopportunitiesforhomeowner investment.InmanyofthesecitiessuchasDenver,adiverseandvigorouseconomyattractedto theurbancorehasofferedstableemploymentforresidents.Therighturbanmixhaspropped uphomeoccupancy,increasedpropertyvalues,andattractedsignificantinvestmentcapital. 51.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericancitiestwentyyearsago? A)Theyweredividedintoresidentialandbusinessareas. B)Theirhousingpriceswerelinkedwiththeirprosperity. C)Therewasacleardividebetweenlargeandsmallcities. D)Theywereplaceswherelargeinvestmentcapitalflowed. 52.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabout18-hourcities? A)Theyespeciallyappealtosmallbusinesses. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 0 22B)Theyhaveseenariseinpropertyprices. C)Theyhavereplacedquietwithexcitement. D)TheyhavechangedAmerica􀆳slandscape. 53.Yearsago,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcities . A)hadhardlyanybusinessactivity C)exhibitednosignsofprosperity B)werecrowdedinbusinesshours D)lookeddesertedintheevenings 54.Whatcharacterizesthenewdowntownareasin18-hourcities? A)Asuddenemergenceoftheknowledgeindustry. B)Floodinginoflargecrowdsofmigrantworkers. C)Modernizedhousingandimprovedinfrastructure. D)Morecomfortablelifeandgreaterupwardmobility. 55.Whathave18-hourcitiesbroughttothelocalresidents? A)Morechancesforpromotion. C)Greaterculturaldiversity. B)Healthierlivingenvironment. D)Betterjobopportunities. PartIV Translation 30minutes ( ) Directions Forthispart youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto : , English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2. 太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖 占地面积 平方公里 是中国第三大淡水湖 仅次于鄱阳 , 2250 , , 和洞庭 太湖约有 个岛屿 大小从几平方米到几平方公里不等 太湖以其独特的 太湖石 而 。 90 , 。 “ ” 闻名 太湖石常用于装饰中国传统园林 太湖也以高产的捕鱼业闻名 自上世纪 年代后期以 , 。 。 70 来 捕捞鱼蟹对沿湖的居民来说极为重要 并对周边地区的经济作出了重大贡献 太湖地区是中 , , 。 国陶瓷 业基地之一 其中宜兴的陶瓷厂家生产举世闻名的宜兴紫砂壶 (ceramics) , (clayteapot)。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 1 222017年12月大学英语六级考试答案与解析(第2套) PartI Writing 【范文】 OnMutualUnderstanding Ashumanbeings,wealldesiretheunderstandingfromothers,whichcanbeconsideredas ournature.Avantofthis,weshouldmeetthedemandsofother􀆳scraveforunderstanding.Just astherenownedsayinggoes,“Seektounderstandothers,andyouwillbeunderstood”.It impliestheextremesignificanceofmutualunderstandinginourdailylife. Firstandforemost,understandingothersisbeneficialtothelasting maintenanceof excellentinterpersonalrelationship.Ifyou are broad-minded enough to understand the accidentaloffensesfrom yourfriends orroommates,yourrelationship won􀆳t break up delicately.Inaddition,understandingeachothercaneasethetenseconflictsbetweenyouand others.Justimaginesuchafamilyatmospherewherethecouplesalwayscomplaineachother duetolackofunderstanding.Eachfamilymemberwillfeelunhappiness.Lastbutnotleast, mutualunderstandingisasymbolofhighcultivation,whichreflectseachother􀆳sexcellent upbringing. Takingtheabovediscussionintoconsideration,itisundoubtedlytruethatmankindiskeen tomutualunderstanding.Providedyoudesiretoearntheunderstandingfrom others,itis essentialtoyoutoseektounderstandothers. PartII ListeningComprehension 1~5:ADBCB 6~10:ACDBC 11~15:DADCB 16~20:CDADA 21~25:BCBDA SectionA ConversationOne W:(1-1)Youaregoingtogiveashortspeechofthanksforthespeakerthisevening,aren􀆳t you,Bill? M:(1-2)Yes. W:Youdon􀆳tsoundveryenthusiastic.It􀆳snotthatbad,isit? M:No.Idon􀆳tmind,really.ButIcanneverforgetthefirstspeechofthanksIdid. W:Why? Whathappened? M:(2)Well,Iwasinmyearlytwenties.Ijoinedthelocalhistorysociety. W:Yes? M:Anyway,IwentalongtoalecturebyaMissBligh. W:Oh.Dogoon. M:(3)Shewasgoingtotalkwithslidesaboutourtowninthemid-18thcentury.Shehadjust 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 2 22publishedabookonthesubjectwhichwasreckonedtobequitegood.SoIwentalong. WhenIarrived,thesecretaryasked meifIcouldgivethespeechofthanks.Rather stupidly,Isaidyes. W:We􀆳vealldoneit. M:Anyway,fromthatpointon,Iwasscared.WhatshouldIsay?Idecidedtomakenotes duringthelecture,andrefertointerestingpartsandthankheronbehalfofthesociety.In fact,bythetimeMissBlighstooduptotalk,Iwasfeelingmuchbetter.Butshewasso nervousthatshekeptforgettingwhattosay,andshespokealmostinawhisper.Peopleat thebackkeptcallingout“Wecan􀆳thear.”Itwasembarrassing! W:Icanimagineit. M:Atleasttheslidesweregood,thatis,untilthebulbintheprojectorblew.Andshehadto finishhertalkwithnoillustrations. W:Sowhatdidyousayinyourspeechofthanks? M:Whatcanyousay? Youhavetobepolite.(4)Imentionedtheinterestingfacts,referredto theexcellentslides,andthenfinishedbysaying “We􀆳dallliketothank MissBlighfor blowingoutherslides.” W:Oh,no. M:Ifeltterrible.Itriedtoapologize,notverysuccessfully. W:Andthespeechofthanksthisevening? M:I􀆳llwritedownexactlywhatI􀆳mgoingtosayandreaditcarefully. 1.Whatisthemanaskedtodothisevening? 2.Whatdowelearnabouttheman? 3.WhatdoesthemansayaboutMissBligh? 4.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthefirsttimehegaveaspeechofthanks? ConversationTwo W:Anothercupoftea,Paul? M:No,thanks.Well,what􀆳snew,Laury? W:Nothingdramatic.Butthereissomethingyoushouldknowabout. M:What􀆳sthat? W:(5)Well,ourrivalsareofferingextendedcredittermstosomeoftheretailersinthearea. M:Oh? Whichrivalisthis? Weonlyhavetwo. W:BarrattsCompany. M:Oh,them.Well,theyarehardlyathreat. W:(6)Iknowtheyaresmallerthanus,butwecan􀆳taffordtoignorethem. M:Yes,youareright,Laury.ButIdon􀆳tlikeextendedcredit.Ittiesupcashwecouldputto betteruseelsewhere.But,I􀆳lllookintoitonMonday. W:Yes.Andthereissomethingelse. M:Don􀆳ttellme! Theletterfromthetaxrevenueoffice? W:Right.Howdidyouknow? M:Taratoldme.What􀆳stheproblem? W:Well.Tomgotthisletterlateyesterdayandthenwentfrantictryingtofindcopiesoflast 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 3 22year􀆳saccounts. M:Didhefindthem? W:No.(7)AndhewasawaybeforeIcouldgetholdoftheletter. M:Howaboutadrivedowntotheofficenow? Andwe􀆳llseeifeverything􀆳sallright.There􀆳s anotherreasonwhyIwantedachatwithyoubeforeMonday. W:Ithoughtasmuch.Well,goon,surpriseme. M:(8-1)HowaboutsellingthatnewmotorcycleofyoursinIndonesia? W:(8-2)What? Youmeanexport? Paul,Ithinkyou􀆳vebeenawaytoolong.ThisisJayal Motors.We􀆳veneversoldabikeabroad. M:Don􀆳tworry,Laury.I􀆳mnotcrazy.(8-3)I􀆳vebeenstudyingthepossibilityandIthinkwe shouldgiveitago. W:It􀆳snotaseasyasthatthough,isit? We􀆳dhavetoreorganizethewholecompany. M:Don􀆳tbesilly.Idon􀆳tintendstartingnextweek.We􀆳llhavetoplanitproperly.Ofcourse, therewillbeafewproblems… W:Afewproblems? Icanseehundreds.Foronething,transport.Ihaveenoughtrouble deliveringbikestoshopsonly40milesaway,nevermind5,000miles! M:That􀆳swhatforwardingagentsarefor. 5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshouldknow? 6.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofBarrattsCompany? 7.Whatdidthewomansayabouttheletterfromthetaxrevenueoffice? 8.Whatisthemanthinkingofdoing? SectionB PassageOne (9)Areportonsleepandnutritionreleasedthismonthfoundthatpeoplewhoconsistently wenttobedearlierthan11p.m.tookinfewercaloriesandatemorehealthyfood.Incontrast, “nightowls”whogotobedbetween11p.m.and3a.m.tendtoconsumemorecoffee, alcohol,refinedsugarsandprocessedmeatsthanearlyrisers. Thisreportcorrespondswiththeexistingscientificliteratureonbedtimeandwellness.The relationshipbetweengettingmoresleepandmakingbetterfoodchoicesiswell-documented.A TheAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition studypublishedlastyearin foundthatpeople whosleepmoretendtoeatlessunhealthyfoodthantheirpeerswhodon􀆳tgetasmuchrest. (10)Anda2015studyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,foundthatteenswhogoto bedlatearemorelikelytogainweightoverafive-yearperiod. Asagroup,“nightowl”typestendtoeatlesshealthyfoodandtakeinmorecaloriesoverall thanearlyrisers.Thelateronegoestobed,themorecaloriesonerecordsthenextday.Asyet achallengetoexplainthecause-and-effectrelationshipbetweensleepandnutrition,theremay beathirdfactorthatimpactsbothofthem.Ortherelationshipcouldbereversed,thatis, peoplewhoeatlessfallasleepearlier.(11)Still,iflatesleeperswanttoloseafewpounds,they cangotobedearlierthantheyusuallydo,thereby,reducingtheirchancesoftakingsnacks beforebedtime. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 4 229.Whatdowelearnaboutthereportreleasedthismonth? 10.WhatdoesthestudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,findaboutteenswhogoto bedlate? 11.Whatshould“nightowls”dotoreducetheirconsumptionofunhealthyfood? PassageTwo ResearchershavefoundnotjustadiversityprobleminHollywoodbutactuallyaninclusion crisis. (12)WithlessthanaweekbeforeanOscarsceremonythathasalreadybeencriticizedfor anall-whitelistofactingnominees,astudyshowsthefilmindustrydoesworsethantelevision. (13)Just3.4percentoffilmdirectorswerefemale,andonly7percentoffilmshadacastwhose balanceofraceandethnicityreflectedthecountry􀆳sdiversity.(14)Whenresearcherslookedat allTVshows,theyalsofoundthatwomenofcolorover40wereregardedas“largelyinvisible” andjust22percentofTVseriescreatorswerefemale. Overall,thestudyfoundhalfthefilmsandTVshowshadnoAsianspeakingcharacters andmorethanone-fifthofthemhadnoblackcharacterswithdialogue.Thefilmindustrystill functionsasastraight,white,boy􀆳sclub.Whenlookingathowwomenaredepicted,thestudy foundfemalecharacterswerefourtimesmorelikelytobeshowninsexyclothingandnearly fourtimesaslikelytobereferredtoasphysicallyattractive.Buttheirresultsalsoindicated filmsandTVshowswithwomenorpeopleofcolorintheimportantjobsbehindthescenes— ― director,producerorwriter tendedtohavebetterdiversitynumbers. (15)AcrossTVandfilm,theunderrepresentationofnon-whitecharactersfallsmostlyon Hispanics.Among morethan10,000characters,proportionsofwhite,blackand Asian characterscamecloseto U.S.populationfigures.But Hispanicswerejust5.8percentof characters,despitebeingabout17percentoftheU.S.population. 12.WhyhastheOscarsceremonybeencriticized? 13.Whatdowelearnfromtheresearch? 14.Whoareregardedas“largelyinvisible”onTVshows? 15.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutHispanics? SectionC RecordingOne Whenpurchasinglifeinsurance,therearemanyimportantfactorstoconsider.Oneshould buythepoliciesthatgivethe mostprotectionattheleastcost,ensuretherightfamily members,andconsiderthefamily􀆳sfinancialneeds.Itisimportanttobuytheinsurancefrom companiesthatarefinanciallysoundandthatarerepresentedbyhonest,well-trainedagents.At variousstagesinaperson􀆳slife,differentkindsoflifeinsuranceareneededforparticular situations. (16)Jerryissingleandhasnodependents.Probablytheonlylifeinsuranceheneedsis enoughtocoverhisdebtsandburialexpenses.Insurancecanbepurchasedatalowerrate duringtheyoungyears,butbybuyingwhileyoung,thepremiumsarepaidinforalonger periodoftime.Intheend,theamountpaidforpremiumsisaboutthesame.Apersonshouldn􀆳t 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 5 22buyinsuranceprotectionthatreallyisn􀆳tnecessary.SupposethatJerrymarriesJeannette,who isacollegegraduateandisworking.Perhapsenoughinsurancewouldbeneededtocovertheir debtsandburialexpenses.Now,Jeannettehasquitworkandtheirfirstchildisontheway. Theyhavepurchasedahomewithasmalldownpaymentanda30-yearmortgage.Thesituation regardinglifeinsurancetakesonadifferentlook.Therearedependentswhoneedfinancial protection.Howmuchinsuranceisneeded? (17)Asthefamilyincreasesinsize,itisessential toaddmoreinsuranceonthebreadwinnertoprotectthedependents.Whenthechildrenare younganddependuponthefamilyforfinancialneeds,familieswith modestincomeshave difficultyprovidingenoughlifeinsurancetoprotectthemotherandthechildren.Familieswith modestincomesshouldinsurethebreadwinnerorbreadwinnersfirst.Whenconsideringthe amountofinsuranceforthemotherwithdependentchildren,substitutechildcareisaneedthat shouldbeplannedforuntilthechildrencancareforthemselves.Thedeathofasmallchild wouldhavenoeffectupontheincomeofthefamily.Perhapsapolicytomeetfuneralexpenses wouldbesufficientfortheyoungchild,althoughmostpeopledonottakeoutinsuranceontheir youngchildren.(18)Asthechildrenbecomefinanciallyindependentofthefamily,theemphasis onfamilyfinancialsecuritywillshiftfromprotectiontosavingfortheretirementyears.Every familysituationisdifferent,butitisimportantthateachfamilygiveadequatethoughtto planningitsfinancialfuture. 16.Whatlifeinsuranceshouldasinglepersonbuy,accordingtothespeaker? 17.Whatshouldpeopledoastheirfamilyincreasesinsize? 18.Whenshouldonechangetheirlifeinsurance? RecordingTwo (19-1)“Stereotype”maysoundlikeabadword,butthere􀆳snothingbadaboutit.Forone thing,stereotypesareoftenaccurate.Whenyouaskpeopleabouttheirconceptofstereotypes, theygetitprettymuchright.Also,stereotypesareoftenpositive,particularlyofgroupsthat weourselvesbelongto.Someofthestatisticalgeneralizationsmaybepositiveassomegroups havereputationsforbeingsmart,forbeingloyal,forbeingbrave,forallsortsofthingsthat arenotatallnegative.Andsothere􀆳snothinginherentlywrongaboutstereotypes. (19-2)Butthereareproblemswithstereotypes.Foronething,they􀆳rereliableinsofaras they􀆳rebasedonunbiasedsamples.Butalotoftheinformationwegetabouthumangroupsis throughbiasedsourceslikehowthey􀆳rerepresentedinthemedia.(20)Andifthesesources don􀆳tgiveyouanaccuratedepiction,yourstereotypewon􀆳tbeaccurate. Forexample,manyJewshavebeentroubledbyShakespeare􀆳sdepictionofShylock.Ifthe onlyJewyouknowisShakespeare􀆳sShylock,it􀆳sgoingtobeaverybadimpression.Soone problemwithstereotypesiswhilewearegoodatdrawingconclusionsfromthem,oftenour informationisn􀆳treliable. (21)Asecondproblemisthatstereotypes,regardlessofwhetherornotthey􀆳reaccurate, canhaveanegativeeffectonthepeoplethattheyapplyto.Andthisiswhatpsychologist, ClaudeSteele,describedasstereotypethreat.Hehasavividexampleofthis.Here􀆳showto makeAfrican-Americansdoworseonamathtest.Youhavethetestandyouputonthetest thattheyhavetoidentifytheirrace.TheveryactofacknowledgingthattheyareAfrican- 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 6 22Americanswhengivenatestignitesinthemthoughtsoftheirownstereotypewhichisnegative regardingacademicsandthatmakesthemdoworse.Wanttoknowhowtomakeawomando worseonamathtest?Samething,gethertowritedownhersex. (22)Onerecentstudyfoundasortofclevertwistonthis.WhenAsian-Americanwomen aregivenatestandthey􀆳reaskedtomarkdowntheirrace,theydobetterthantheywould otherwisedo.They􀆳reremindedofapositivestereotypethatbooststheirmorale.Youaskthem, ontheotherhand,to markdowntheirsex,theydoworsebecausethey􀆳reremindedofa negativestereotype.That􀆳sanexampleofhowstereotypeshaveapotentiallydamagingeffect onpeople. 19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutstereotypes? 20.Whatleadstothebiasofstereotypes? 21.Whatdoesthespeakersayisaproblemwithstereotypes? 22.Whatdidonerecentstudyfindaboutstereotypes? RecordingThree Sometimeswhenyoutakeacommondrug,youmayhaveasideeffect.Thatis,thedrug maycausesomeeffectotherthanitsintendedone.Whenthesesideeffectsoccur,theyare calledadversereactions.(23)Wheneveryouhaveanadversereaction,youshouldstoptaking thedrugrightaway.Askyourpharmacistwhetherhecansuggestadrugthatwillrelievethe symptomsbutthatwillnotcausetheadversereaction.Ifanadversereactiontoadrugis serious,consultyourdoctorforadviceatonce. Drugsthataresafeinthedosagestatedonthelabelmaybeverydangerousinlargedoses. Forexample,aspirinisseldom thoughtofasdangerous,butthereare manyreportsof accidentalpoisoningofyoungchildrenwhotaketoomanyaspirinpillsaswellasthepossible developmentofReyesyndromeinchildrenwithflu.Inadults,excessiveuseofsomepain- killingdrugsmaycauseseverekidneydamage.Somedrugsforreliefofstomachupsets,when takeninexcess,canperhapscauseseriousdigestiveproblems.Youshouldneveruseanyover- the-counterdrugonaregular,continuedbasis,orinlargequantities,exceptonyourdoctor􀆳s advice.Youcouldbesufferingfromaseriousillnessthatneedsadoctor􀆳scare. Eachdrugyoutakenotonlyactsonthebodybutmayalsoaltertheeffectofanyother drugyouaretaking.Sometimesthiscancausedangerousorevenfatalreactions.Forexample, aspirinincreasestheblood-thinningeffectsofdrugsgiventopatients withheartdisease. Therefore,apatientwhohasbeentakingsuchadrugmayriskbleedingifheorsheusesaspirin foraheadache.Beforeusingseveraldrugstogetheryoushouldaskyourdoctorandfollowhis advice.Yourpharmacistcantellyouwhethercertaindrugscansafelybetakentogether. (24)Alcoholmayincreasetheeffectofadrug—sleepingpillscombinewithalcoholto produceasleepyfeeling.Whentakinganydrug,youshouldaskyourdoctorwhetherdrinking alcoholcouldbedangerousincombinationwiththemedicine. Expertsbelievethereisarelationshipbetweenadultabuseoflegitimatemedicinesandthe drugculturethathassweptourcountry.(25)Youcandoyoursharetoreducethechancesthat yourchildren willbecomepartofthedrugculturebytreatingallmedicineswithrespect. Alwaysletyourchildrenknowthatmedicinesanddrugsshouldnotbeusedcarelessly. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 7 2223.Whatdoesthespeakersayyoushoulddowhenyouhaveanadversereaction? 24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutalcoholdrinking? 25.Whatdoesthespeakercallonparentstodoattheendofthetalk? PartIII ReadingComprehension 26~30:IOFCD 31~35:EGMJN 36~40:ELIOB 41~45:JFDLG 46~50:DCADA 51~55:CBDCD SectionA 位于太平洋的帕劳岛国已经成为世界上第六大海上禁捕区了。这个位于太平洋的最大的新海洋保护区,已 经( )不允许捕鱼或者采矿了。帕劳在 年建立了世界上第一个鲨鱼禁捕区。 26 2009 这个小岛国已经将 万公里(将近 )的( )领海划为保护区了,将( )专属经济区划入海洋保护区的 50 80% 27 28 世界各国当中,该国的比例最高。帕劳其余 的海域专门供当地居民个人捕鱼和出口有限的小型( )商业捕 20% 29 鱼企业利用。 帕劳总统小汤米·雷蒙杰索在一次声明中提到,“岛国的( )社区成为了海洋威胁的最大受害者,划出这个 30 禁捕区是个大胆的决定,帕劳人民认为其对于我们的生存是( )至关重要的,为了子孙后代,我们想开辟修复海 31 洋的健康之路。” 帕劳成为一个( )独立国家仅二十年,但环境保护的历史悠久。帕劳拥有世界上最好的海洋生态系统之 32 一,拥有 多种鱼类和 多种珊瑚。 1300 700 参议员霍肯斯·鲍勒斯是《帕劳国家海洋禁捕区法案》的首要( )支持者,他说,禁捕区的设立“有利于通过 33 对我们过去的保护传统致敬的方式来为帕劳人民建立一个( )安全的未来”。其中就包括持续几百年的“布勒 34 月”传统,那时领导人将会通知短暂停止重要品种鱼的捕捞,从而使得鱼类的( )库存量得到补充。 35 空格位于情态动词 之后 判断此处应填入动词 备选项有 分配 沉迷 允 26.I) will , , allocate( ),indulge( ),permit( 许 由于 为不及物动词 后加 再加宾语 可直接排除 而根据下文提到的 禁捕区 可知 ), indulge , in , , sanctuary“ ” 此处填 更合适 可理解为 不允许捕鱼 故 为正确答案 permit ,permitnofishing “ ”, I) 。 空格位于形容词 海上的 之后 判断此处应填入名词 备选项有 名人 27.O) maritime“ ” , , celebrities( ),communities 社区 美景 赞助商 支持者 股票 库存量 领土 等 根据该句意思 ( ),spectacle( ),sponsor( 、 ),stocks( 、 ),territory( ) , , 可知此处想表达的是 领海 故正确答案为 maritimeterritory“ ”, O)。 空格位于冠词 和名词词组 之间 判断此处应填入形容词 备选项有 经济 28.F) an economiczone , , commercial( 的 必要的 专属的 独立的 安全的 孤独的 联系上 ),essential( ),exclusive( ),independent( ),secure( ),solitary( )。 下文语境以及经济常识可知 是固定搭配 意为 专属经济区 故 为正确答案 ,exclusiveeconomiczone , “ ”, F) 。 空格位于修饰词 之后和名词词组 之前 可知应填入形容词 备选项参照上 29.C) small-scale fishingbusinesses , , 条解析 根据 可知此处指的应是商业性质的企业 故 为正确答案 。 fishingbusinesses , C) 。 空格位于主语的位置 被 修饰且谓语是 可知应填入名词复数 备选项有 名人 30.D) 、 Island have, , celebrities( ), 社区 股票 库存量 根据句意以及下文提到了帕劳人民可知 受到海洋的威胁会受 communities( ),stocks( 、 )。 , 到最严重攻击的应该是岛国的社区及其普通民众 因此 为正确答案 , D)communities 。 此处为难点 仅根据空格无法判断单词词性 因此理解该句的句意是解题关键 创造这个禁捕区是一个 31.E) , , ,“ 大胆的决定 帕劳人民认为这个决定对我们是 再结合语法知识和介词 搭配的词语 此处应该填入 , 。” to , 至关重要 且符合句意 因此 为正确答案 essential“ ”, , E) 。 空格位于冠词 和名词 之间 判断此处应填入形容词 备选项有 独立的 安 32.G) an nation , , independent( ),secure( 全的 孤独的 根据句意以及对历史的了解 应该不难判断此处应意为 帕劳 年前宣布独立 因 ),solitary( )。 , , 20 , 此正确答案为 G)。 空格位于 之前且被 修饰 可判断此处为名词单数作参议员的同位语 备选项有 美景 33.M) of lead , , spectacle( ), 赞助商 支持者 根据下文霍肯斯 鲍勒斯所说 可知这位参议员是 帕劳国家海洋禁捕区法案 sponsor( 、 )。 · , 《 》 的支持者 因此正确答案为 此处难点为 的另外一个意思 支持者 , M)。 sponsor “ ”。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 8 22空格位于冠词 和名词 之间 判断此处填写形容词 备选项有 安全的 孤独的 34.J) an future , , secure( ),solitary( )。 根据句意可知应为 因此正确答案为 buildasecurefuture, J)。 空格位于 之后和 之前 再根据词组 可知此处应填入名词与 构成名词 35.N) fish anopportunity , givesb.sth, fish 词组 备选项有 名人 美景 股票 库存量 根据句意 可知暂时停止捕鱼目的 , celebrities( ),spectacle( ),stocks( 、 ), , 就是给鱼繁殖的机会来补充库存量 因此正确答案为 此处难点为 的另外一个词义 库存量 , N)。 stocks “ ”。 SectionB 究竟是谁让你沉迷科技? )“几乎我知道的每个人在某种程度上都沉溺于网络,”托尼·施瓦兹在《纽约时报》上写道。最近网络经常被 A 抱怨,类似于这样的标题源源不断,谴责着网络、它旗下的软件、媒体网站以及让我们上瘾的电子游戏。 )( )每个接触了网络的人都难以脱离它,这毫无疑问。我们当中许多人,比如施瓦兹,尽力专注于那些比发 B 40 布状态更新更加要求注意力的任务。按照某人讽刺地在施瓦兹网上文章的评论区中写道:“正因为我读到这 篇极好的文章之后,我至少停下来六次查看我的邮件。” )关于这项科技的态度是矛盾的,它既具侵略性又具说服力。但过度使用网络究竟是谁的错呢? 为了找到答 C 案,了解我们想要解决什么是最重要的。共有四个因素让你沉迷科技:科技、老板、朋友和你自己。 )科技本身和科技发明者是导致我们的注意力分散的头号嫌疑人。尼古拉斯·卡尔,《浅析 :互联网在对我们 D 的大脑做了什么》一书的作者,写道:“( )网络被设计成了干扰系统,一个运转的、用来分散注意的机器。” 43 )像脸书、推特和其他的网络服务是应运而生的操作大师。他们设计的产品质量好到让人们难以自制地使用它 E 们。研究这些产品数年之后,我写了关于它们是怎么工作的一书。我了解到这都源于其商业模式,( )由于这 36 些服务依赖广告税收,你用它们越频繁,他们赚钱就越多。难怪这些公司雇用那些专注于将他们的服务设计 得尽可能吸引人的团队。他们的产品容易使人上瘾绝非偶然,而是设计好的。它们持续刺激着我们上钩。 )然而,虽然这些服务很好,我们可以采取一些简单措施来远离他们。比如:我们能够改变我们所接收的那些 F 令我们分心的、促使我们想要查看邮件的通知频率。手机销售公司卡胡纳的总裁亚当·马奇可说,( )少于 42 的智能手机用户会特意调整通知设置,意味着我们当中剩下的 的人默认软件制造商的每个预装设 15% 85% 置。谷歌和苹果公司已经让人难以调整这些安装,因此,采取措施确保我们设置启动起来满足我们需求,而 非满足制作商的需求,这完全取决于我们。 )尽管像脸书一样的公司因为从广告商那里收取税务而获得关注,其他技术没有这项议程。拿邮件举例,这个 G 系统不关心你使用它的频率。但对于许多人来说,邮件在所有媒体中最容易使人上瘾,( )我们每天随时 45-1 都会查收电子邮件———我们都被迷住了,这究竟为什么? ( )因为这是老板要求的,对于绝大部分白领工 45-2 作来说,对任何一条信息的延误不仅有损名声,甚至影响生计。 )你的朋友对于这种瘾也有责任,想一下这样一幅熟悉的场面:人们围坐一桌,吃饭,谈及彼此的公司,有点可 H 笑。然后,一场对话停顿之时一些人拿出自己的手机来查看谁也不知道的东西,几乎没有人注意到,也没人 说什么。 )现在想象同样一次聚餐,( )但有人不是看了一下手机,而是大声打嗝,所有人都注意到了。除非晚餐在啤 I 38-1 酒屋,否则这是很不礼貌的。这一不礼貌的举动有违礼仪准则。人们开始想:( )为什么我们不将这种行 38-2 为规范施加在查看手机上呢? 在吃饭期间、在会议上、在谈话中,就像我们对其它不道德的行为所做的那样。 不知为何,我们接受并且被人冒犯时不反驳。 )事实上,在不合适的时间拿出手机的行为远比打嗝更恶劣。不像其他小错,查看手机会传染。( )一旦一个 J 41 人看向手机,其他人就不由自主地去模仿,引发连锁反应。越来越多的人玩手机,就会有越来越少的人聊天直 至最后你发现你是仅有的一个不读邮件不浏览推特的人。从社会观念来看,查看手机更不像在公共场所打嗝 而像另一个更坏的习惯。玩手机就像吸烟,我们焦虑、无聊、手指想玩点东西时就会做这件事。看到他人享受 香烟,或者仅仅一瞥,就令人无法抵制,之后每个人都开始吸烟。 )科技、老板、朋友,都影响着你发现自己使用这些工具的频率。但仍有人应受到检讨———那种拿手机的人。 K )( )我必须坦白。尽管我将研究易上瘾科技作为职业,断开联系对我来说依旧很难。我上网的时间远比我 L 37-1 想象得要长,像施瓦兹和其他人一样,我发现自己工作时分心。我想知道原因,因此我开始自我监控,试着去 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 1 9 22理解自己的行为。此时我发现了一个令人不安的事实:( )我用科技逃避,每当我有不想做的事的时候,或 37-2 者到了不想去的地方,我就用手机逃到其他地方。我发现这项经常转移我注意力的能力是件好事,当我在交 通工具上打发时间的时候。但频繁使用科技不好,当我面临难题时,比如思考文章构思或上百次修改书稿 时,邪恶的屏幕会吸引我的注意力。我会通过回复邮件和以研究为借口浏览网页轻松摆脱困扰。( )尽管 44 我迫切地推卸责任,但最终我的坏习惯与新时代的科技关系很小,而与拖延的老毛病有关。 )因为分心而抱怨科技很简单,但分心不是新鲜事物。亚里士多德和苏格拉底争论了“无自制力”的本质——— M 我们的兴趣和该做的事相违背。如果我们对自己诚实,科技仅仅是另一种占用我们时间和心力的方式。如 果我们不利用这种设备,我们很可能做些同样无用的事情。 )个人技术实际上比以前更加吸引人。并且科技公司正在将他们的产品和服务设计得更加有竞争力和吸引 N 力。但我们不也这么希望吗? 把某事做好的意料之中的结果是人们用它的次数更多。这不是一个问题,而 是一种进步。 )这种进步并不意味着我们不用努力控制对技术的使用。为了确保它不会控制我们,我们应该承认,不应是科 O 技对我们的习惯负有责任。我们工作地的文化、社会规范以及个人行为都起到作用。( )为了把科技放在 39 合适位置,我们不仅要意识到科技本身是如何改变的,更要意识到它是如何改变我们的。 由题干关键词 可定位至 段 该段第四句提到因为这些服务依赖广告收益 你用的越频 36.E) onlineservices E , , 繁 他们赚钱越多 为题干表述的同义句 对应 故 为正确答案 , , ,profit money, E) 。 由题干关键词 和 可定位至 段 该段开头 意为 我坦白 我 37.L) theauthoradmits escape L , Ihaveaconfession, “ , 承认 再根据此段第七句 我利用科技作为一种逃避 可知 为正确答案 ”, “ ” ,L) 。 由题干关键词 和 可定位至 段 该段想表达 打嗝认为是不礼貌的 但是吃饭玩手机 38.I) checkingphones belching I , “ , 却不算作是不礼貌 与题干意思 吃饭看手机被认为是正常的 而打嗝却不是 契合 因此 为正确答案 ”, “ , ” , I) 。 由题干关键词 和 可定位至 段 该段最后一句提到 为了把科技放在合适 39.O) properuse howitischanging O , “ 位置 我们不仅要意识到科技本身是如何改变的 更要意识到它是如何改变我们的 与题干完全吻合 故 , , ”, , O) 为正确答案 。 由题干关键词 和 可定位至 段 该段第一句以及第二句提到 40.B) hardtofocuson,tasks Internetdistractions B , 和 等提示词 可判断正确答案为 difficulty struggletostayfocusedontasks , B)。 由题干关键词 和 可定位至 段 该段第二句提到 一旦一个人看向 41.J) oneperson theotherswillfollowsuits J , “ 手机 其他人就不由自主地去模仿 引发连锁反应 而且 有 跟风 之意 可知 为正确答案 , , ”, followsuits “ ” 。 ,J) 。 由题干关键词 和 可定位至 段 该段第三句提到 少于 的智能 42.F) smartphoneusers adjusttheirsettings F , “ 15% 手机用户会特意调整通知设置 意味着我们当中剩下的 的人默认软件制造商的每个预装设置 由此可 , 85% ”, 知大部分的用户不会特意去调整 符合题意 故 为正确答案 , , F) 。 由题干关键词 和 以及题意可定位至 段 该段最后一句提到 网络被设计 43.D) Internet distractourattention D , “ 成了干扰系统 一个运转的 用来分散注意的机器 因此和题意 一些人设计网络来分散我们的注意力 吻 , 、 ”, “ ” 合 故正确答案为 , D)。 由题干关键词 和 可定位至 段 该段最后一句提到 44.L) theauthor,habit puttingoff L , “mybadhabits”and 可知 作者将他科技上瘾归结为拖延的习惯而非科技本身 解题的难点在于该段落之前已 “procrastination” , , 出现过 因此容易被排除从而选择不相干的段落 而就题论题 正确答案仍为 , , , L)。 由题干关键词 可定位至 段 根据该段最后一句 因为这是老板要求的 对于绝大部 45.G) white-collarworkers G , “ , 分白领工作来说 对任何一条信息的延误不仅有损名声 甚至影响生计 可知 正确答案为 , , ” , G)。 SectionC PassageOne 你可能听说过可口可乐曾经添加一种引发消费者喜爱的原料:可卡因。“可口”这个名字指的是古柯叶的提 取物,这源于可乐的创始人约翰·潘伯顿,这名化学家将其和自己的糖浆混合了起来。在那时,古柯叶提取物和 糖浆混合是种常见的滋补品,( )并且潘伯顿的甜酒是种可以避开当地禁酒法的方式。但其另一半名字则代表 46 另一种虽不太出名但有奇特效力的原料:可乐果。 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 2 0 22在西非,人们长期以来将可乐果作为兴奋剂食用。因为可乐果中包含咖啡因,咖啡因也存在于茶、咖啡和巧 克力中。它们也有刺激心脏的功效。 历史学家保罗·拉夫乔伊认为西非可乐果的种植已有数百年。这种枝繁叶茂的树被种在坟墓边,作为传统 仪式的一部分。尽管这种果子喜湿,运输时有点易损,商人们也会穿过森林草地将其运出上万英里。 直到十六世纪葡萄牙的船只到达如今的塞拉利昂海岸时,欧洲人才了解到可乐果,当葡萄牙人参与到贸易 中,沿着海岸线运送可乐果在内的货物。直到 年,当英国探险家理查德·乔布森来到赞比亚,可乐果对他 1620 而言仍旧很罕见。 ( )到十九世纪末,可乐果被成吨地运往欧美,许多都被入药,作为一种振奋精神的药物。一种很出名的叫 47 做“维·马里亚尼”药用饮料,是一种由古柯提取物和红酒混合而成的法国货。它是法国化学家安吉洛·马里安 尼在 年发明的。因此当潘伯顿制作可口可乐时,这种法国饮品代表一种流行趋势。( )当可卡因作为饮 1863 48 料原料走下神坛时,含有可乐果提取物的可乐也就远近闻名了。 第一年上市时,可口可乐在所有亚特兰大苏打水源地平均每天销售九瓶。随着它越来越受欢迎,公司出售 了饮料的罐装权,以使其运输更方便。如今每天销售大约十九亿瓶可乐。( )它已经具有了标志性,以至于在 49 年开始尝试改变其味口———把它变得更甜以促进销售的做法———最终成了一场灾难,引发了客户的强烈不 1985 满。“经典可口可乐”在“新式可乐”发售仅仅三个月之后又开始重新占领了商店的货架。 如今可乐配方还是一个严守的秘密,但据说其中已经不会再添加可乐果提取物了,转而依赖人工模仿来达 到相同的可乐口感。 根据题干中的人名 可定位至文章第一段 此题可用排除法 文章并未提到 46.D) JohnPemberton , ,A) food 食品添加物 他创造的这种饮料并不包含酒精 而是 因此 supplement“ ”;B) , cocaleaves, adrinkcontaining 的表述有误 他变得臭名昭著 属于无中生有 而 他冒着违反法律的危险做出一种含 古柯叶 alcohol ;C)“ ” ; D) “ ” 的甜酒 在原文第一段倒数第二句可找到根据 故 应为正确答案 , , D) 。 根据题干关键词 可定位至文章第二至五段 此题可用排除法 属于无中生有 文章中没有提 47.C) kolanuts , ,A) , 到可乐果的商业价值 表述错误 文章第二段提到茶 咖啡等也含有咖啡因 表述错误 文章第四段结尾 ;B) , 、 ;D) , 是说欧洲人到了非洲感到很新奇 因此排除 而 可在文章第五段找到依据 为正确答案 , ; C) , 。 根据题干关键词 可定位至文章第五段最后一句 当可卡因作为饮料原 48.A) kola-extractcolasbecamepopular “ 料走下神坛时 含有可乐果提取物的可乐也就远近闻名了 因此 可卡因变得名声不好 为正确答案 , ”, A)“ ” 。 根据题干关键词 可定位至文章第六段最后两句 文中提到新可乐的尝试是失败的 49.D) thetasteofCoca-Cola , , 不久经典可乐又回到了货架上 因此 自创立以来 它基本上没有变过 为正确答案 , D)“ , ” 。 根据题意需要综观全文 成功史仅仅概括文章最后两段 太片面 药用价值仅仅涉及文章第六段 更为片 50.A) ,B) , ;C) , 面 商业策略只在第六段提到 因此 可口可乐的发展演变过程 是最为全面的 可概括全文的正确答案 ;D) ; A)“ ” 、 。 PassageTwo ( )二十年前,美国城市土地协会将美国国土上的主流城市定义成了两类:在朝九晚五工作时间内运转的 51 小城市;全天 小时运作的大城市。运用这种基本的划分方法来分析和比较城市为人们观察投资资金的流动 24 和房价的变化提供了有趣的背景。 近年来,许多中等城市开始采取中间的方法,既有大城市的刺激和机会,也有小城市午夜后的静谧。( )这 52 些 小时运作的城市开始在房地产排名上引起了轩然大波并吸引了越来越多的房地产投资。这场房地产领域 18 的新浪潮意味着什么? 为什么这些城市有这样的吸引力? 小时的城市综合了 小时和 小时城市的优点,这有利于市中心活力的复苏。( )几十年来许多中小 18 24 8 53 城市的市中心晚上就会被抛弃,因为上班的工人们都住在郊区。搬出市中心变得流行起来,住在市中心的人绝 大部分都是劳工阶层的穷人,因此晚上市中心毫无商业活动可言,这使得经商以及维护城市的税收变得艰难。 然而,随着旨在使生活轻松便利的城市规划这个新理念的兴起,越来越受欢迎的市区促使房地产商大量涌入,在 主要城市如旧金山或纽约产生了一种前卫的城市风格,在小城市也激发出了相应的政策。 ( )通过城市市中心改造来使现代化住房与改善的当地餐厅、零售商和娱乐场所相结合———尤其当与自行 54 车族和公共交通改善的基础设施结合时,使得市中心对富裕的人群更有吸引力了。这些改善也吸引着文化型产 业的老板将办公场所留在市区。步行可及和便利的换乘允许这种娱乐休闲产业如酒吧和餐厅很晚关门,这将会 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 2 1 22吸引更多的年轻人、创意工作者和将近退休的生育高峰一代等。由于其规模较小,大部分都能开很长时间供青 年人娱乐,而在午夜后也会变得安静,这和纽约那样的大城市不同,在那儿即使到午夜,喧嚣依然继续。 这些 小时的城市正在快速增多并为房产拥有者投资提供了好机会。在许多这样的城市(如丹佛),( ) 18 55 市区正在吸引着一种多样化且充满活力的经济,这种经济为当地居民提供了稳定的工作机会。这种正确的城市 融合支撑了住宅的入住率、提高了房产价值并吸引了大量的投资。 由题干关键词 可定位至第一段第一句 该句指出 二十年前 美国城市土地协会将美国 51.C) twentyyearsago , “ , 国土上的主流城市定义成了两类 在朝九晚五工作时间内运转的小城市 全天 小时运作的大城市 项 : ; 24 ”,C) 与之吻合 为正确答案 , 。 由题干关键词 可定位至第二段第二句 该句提到这些 小时的城市正在 房地 52.B) 18-hourcities , 18 realestate“ 产 排名上引起了轩然大波 说明 小时城市的房地产价值在上升 而 选项中 正是房地产 ” , 18 , B) propertyprices 价格 故为正确答案 。 。 由题干关键词 可定位至第三段第二句 该句提到 晚上人们下 53.D) downtowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcities , , 班之后都会回到郊区 而且市区的穷人居多 因此晚上市中心基本没有商业活动 像是被抛弃一样 因此 , , , , D) 项 晚上看起来很荒凉 为正确答案 “ ” 。 由题干关键词 可定位至第四段第一句 该句提到 这些 小时城 54.C) newdowntownareasin18-hourcities 。 , 18 市将现代住宅与改善了的基础设施相结合 这些是传统的大小两类城市所不具备的特点 故答案选 将现 , , C)“ 代住宅与改善了的基础设施相结合 定位段虽然提到了新兴城市能够吸引知识产业 但并没有说它们是突 ”。 , 然出现的 故排除 知识产业的突然出现 文章在谈到新兴城市时并没有提到 涌入了大量移民工人 这 , A)“ ”; “ ” 一点 故排除 生活更加舒适 上升空间更大 在前文中有依据 而在后文中没有提到 故排除 , B);D)“ , ” , , 。 由题干关键词 可定位至最后一段第二句 根据该句 市区正在吸引一种多样化且充满 55.D) thelocalresidents , “ 活力的经济 这为当地居民提供了稳定的工作机会 可知 更加稳定的工作机会 为正确答案 , ” ,D)“ ” 。 PartIV Translation 【参考译文】 LakeTaiineasternChinaisthethird-largestfreshwaterlakewithanareaof2,250square kilometers,afterPoyangandDongtingLakes.Thelakecontainsaround90islands,rangingin sizefrom severalsquare meterstoafewsquarekilometers.Itisrenownedforitsunique limestoneformationsnamed“TaihuStones”,whichareusuallyappliedtodecoratetraditional Chinesegardens.Thislakeisalsofamousforitsproductivefishingindustry.Sincethelate 1970s,harvestingfishandcrabshasbeenextremelyessentialtoresidentslivingalongthelake andhasmadesignificantcontributionstotheeconomyofthesurroundingarea.Thelakeisone ofhomestoChineseceramics-industry,amongwhichtheYixingpotteryfactoryproducesthe world-renownedYixingclayteapots. 六级试题(第 套) 第 页(共 页) 2017-12 2 2 2 22