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2025年军队文职人员招聘《英语语言文学》
模拟预测2
即刻题库 www.jike.vip
1 、 单选题
According to its geographical location，which one can be used to represent Australia？
( )
A ： The Land Down Under
B ： Uncle Sam
C ： John Bull
D ： Polar Bear
正确答案： A
解析：
考查澳大利亚别称。根据地理位置，澳大利亚又被称为The Land Down Under(南边土
地)。B项Uncle Sam指的是美国，C项John Bull指的是英国，D项Polar Bear指的是俄罗
斯。
2 、 单选题
Which one is not in the same category with other three items？( )
正确答案： C
解析：
考查语音学。A、B、D三项均为摩擦音(fricative)，C项为爆破音(plosive)。3 、 单选题
Alexander Pope was the representative writer of ( ).
A ： Transcendentalism
B ： Romanticism
C ： Modemism
D ： Neo-Classicism
正确答案： D
解析：
英国文学流派。Alexander Pope，英国新古典主义代表人物，代表作为An Essay on
Criticism(《批评论》)、The Rape of the Lock(《卷发遇劫记》)、Essay on Man(《人
论》)等。
4 、 单选题
What is the ranking of Canada in the world by land area？( )
A ： First
B ： Second
C ： Third
D ： Fourth
正确答案： D
解析：
考查加拿大地理概况。就陆地面积来看，加拿大是全球第四大国家；把海洋面积算在内，
加拿大是全球第二大国家。
5 、 单选题
Death of a Salesman was written by ( )
A ： rthur Miller
B ： Ernest Hemingway
C ： Ralph Ellison
D ： James Baldwin
正确答案： A
解析：
考查美国作家及其代表作。Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒生于1915年，美国剧作家，其作
品Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》(1949)获普利策奖。Ernest Hemingway欧内斯
特·海明威(1899-1961)是美国作家，作品有The Sun Also Rises《太阳照样升起》(1926)
等，1954年获诺贝尔文学奖。Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利森是美国作家，生于1914年，其代表作是小说Invisible Man《看不见的人》(1952)。James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德
温(1924-1987)也是美国作家，其代表作Go Tell It on the Mountain《向苍天呼
吁》(1953)。
6 、 单选题
How many morphemes are there in the word“discharged”？( )
A ： Two
B ： Three
C ： Four
D ： Five
正确答案： B
解析：
考查语言学词素。题目问discharged单词中有几个词素，我们可以看出它是由dis(前
缀)+charge(主词根)+ed(屈折语素)三部分构成的。
7 、 单选题
The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question，however，( )to
recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for
human cloning.
A ： whether
B ： if
C ： that
D ： how
正确答案： A
解析：
考查同位语从句。同位语从句与主句被其他成分隔开，however 后的内容是对question
的补充。根据句意，此处应填表“是否”的连词，可排除C、D两项。引导同位语从句时，
whether 可与不定式连用，而if不能。故本题选A。句意：然而，小组在一个关键性的问
题上仍未达成一致，即是否建议立法机关将私人资金用于克隆人的行为视为犯罪。
8 、 单选题
( ) is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A ： Ralph Ellison
B ： Toni Morrison
C ： Richard Wright
D ： James Baldwin正确答案： B
解析：
考查美国文学常识。B项托妮·莫里森第一个赢得诺贝尔文学奖的非裔美国人，代表作
是The Bluest Eye《最蓝的眼睛》和Beloved《爱》。B项拉尔夫·埃里森是美国黑人小说
家，代表作是The Invisible Man《看不见的人》。C项理查德·赖特是美国黑人小说家、
评论家，代表作是Native Son《土生子》。D项詹姆斯·鲍德温是美国黑人小说家，代表
作是Go Tell It on the Mountain《向苍天呼吁》。
9 、 单选题
Percy Bysshe Shelley was famous for( ).
A ： Ode to a Nightingale
B ： Ode to Autumn
C ： The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
D ： Prometheus Unbound
正确答案： D
解析：
英国文学之作家作品。Shelley(雪莱)的代表作有Prometheus Unbound(《解放了的普罗
米修斯》)和Ode to the West Wind(《西风颂》)。Ode to a Nightingale(《夜莺颂》)
和Ode to Autumn(《秋颂》)的作者是英国浪漫诗人John Keats(约翰·济慈)；The Rime of
the Ancient Mariner(《古舟子咏》)是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人Samuel Taylor
Coleridge(塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治)的代表作。
10 、 单选题
The phrase“boys and girls”is a(n)( )
A ： subordinate endocentric construction
B ： coordinate endocentric construction
C ： subordinate exocentric construction
D ： coordinate exocentric construction
正确答案： B
解析：
考查语义知识。Coordination(并列关系)refers to a common syntactic pattem formed
by grouping together two or more categories of the same type with the help of a
conjunction.Endocentric construction(向心结构)is one whose distribution is
functionally equivalent，or approaching equivalence，to one of its constituents.
11 、 单选题In addition，far( )Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did
their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
A ： more
B ： less
C ： fewer
D ： better
正确答案： A
解析：
考查比较句型。more A than B意为“与B相比，A更多；与其说B，不如说A”，less A
than B意为“与其说是A，不如说是B”，fewer和better需与than连用。将more和less
分别代入句中可知，A项符合句意。故本题选A。句意：此外，与被调查的其他10个国家
的工人相比，对自身工作表示不满的日本工人数量要多得多。
12 、 单选题
The study of the internal structure of words is ( )
A ： Semantics
B ： Morphology
C ： Syntax
D ： Phonology
正确答案： B
解析：
语言学基本概念。Morphology(形态学)研究的是单词的内部构造。
13 、 单选题
The poem“I Sought tell my love， Love that never told can be” violates among the (
) Cooperative Principle.
A ： the maxim of quality
B ： the maxim of relation
C ： the maxim of quantity
D ： the maxim of manner
正确答案： D
解析：
考查语用学知识。my love既可以指“我的爱情”，也可以指“我的爱人”；Love that
never told既可以指“无法诉说的爱情”，也可以指“不可告人的爱情”。诗人没有明
确地突出其中任何一种，而是让听话人选择诗人愿意说、听话人愿意听的那一种，因此
违反了“方式准则”的第二条准则“避免歧义”。14 、 单选题
There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened，( )a sudden loud
noise.
A ： being there
B ： should there be
C ： there was
D ： there having been
正确答案： B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。句中that引导的从句these animals could be frightened，a sudden loud
noise是possibility的同位语，其中包括一个表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件从
句中没有if，应用部分倒装，将助动词should移至句首。故本题选B。句意：万一突然有
巨响，这些动物 就会受到惊吓，这确实 是可能的。
15 、 单选题
What is the highest mountain in Britain？
A ： Scafell
B ： en Nevis
C ： The Cotswolds
D ： The Forth
正确答案： B
解析：
英国地理。询问英国最高的山是什么，答案是本尼维斯山，位于苏格兰，海拔1343米。
16 、 单选题
There are three main parties represented in the House of Representatives of
Australia，which one is the oldest party？( )
A ： The Australian Labor Party
B ： The Nationals
C ： The Liberal Party of Australia
D ： Australian Greens party
正确答案： A
解析：考查澳大利亚国家概况。A项The Australian Labor Party (澳大利亚工党)在澳大利亚众议
院的三大代表党派中历史最悠远，其他三项均不正确。
17 、 单选题
Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration？( )
A ： week seat
B ： Safe and Sound
C ： Knock and Kick
D ： Coat and Boat
正确答案： B
解析：
考查修辞手法。alliteration(头韵)指单词开头辅音的重复。C项两个单词虽然都以字母K
开头，但是首字母发音并不相同。
18 、 单选题
Who is called “father of English and European novels”？
A ： Mark Twain
B ： Daniel Defoe
C ： William Makepeace Thackeray
D ： avid Herbert Lawrence
正确答案： B
解析：
英国文学之作家概况。Daniel Defoe是英国现实主义小说家，被誉为“英国及欧洲小说
之父”，其代表作为Robinson Crusoe(《鲁滨逊漂流记》)。
19 、 单选题
The largest city in New Zealand is ( )
A ： uckland
B ： Wellington
C ： hirstchurch
D ： unedin
正确答案： A
解析：
新西兰地理。询问新西兰最大的城市是哪个，答案是Auckland(奥克兰)，Wellington(惠灵顿)是新西兰的首都。
20 、 单选题
Functional Sentence Perspective was put forward by ( )
A ： the London School
B ： the Prague School
C ： Boas and Sapir
D ： Post-Bloomfieldian linguists
正确答案： B
解析：
语言学家及其观点。The Prague School主要进行共时性语言学研究(Synchronic
linguistics)，从功能(function)的角度研究语言。
21 、 单选题
The sense relation between“John plays the piano”and“John plays a musical
instrument” is ( )
A ： synonymy
B ： antonymy
C ： entailment
D ： presupposition
正确答案： C
解析：
考查句子间的意义关系。句子间的意义主要有：同义关系、反义关系、矛盾关系、蕴涵、
预设、语义上反常。其中蕴涵和预设为常考点。蕴涵指两个句子x、Y，如果当x为真，Y-
定为真时，则X蕴涵Y，或Y蕴涵于X；X预示Y(Y是X的先决条件)。A、B两项与题目无关，
根据蕴涵和预设的区别可知，“约翰弹钢琴”蕴涵“约翰弹奏乐器”。
22 、 单选题
The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by ( )
A ： Scott Fitzgerald
B ： William Faulkner
C ： Eugene O′Neil
D ： Ernest Hemingway
正确答案： D解析：
考查美国作家及其代表作。For Whom the Bell Tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》是海明威的代表
作之一。ScottF itzgerald司各特·菲茨杰拉德的小说生动反映了20年代“美国梦”的破灭；
William Faulkner威廉·福克纳的代表作是The Sound and the Fury《喧哗与骚
动》；Eugene O′Neil尤金·奥尼尔是美国著名剧作家。
23 、 单选题
Today is Children’s Day，you are allowed to eat( )in my restaurant.
A ： free
B ： freely
C ： hard
D ： hardly
正确答案： A
解析：
考查副词辨析。今天是儿童节，你可以在我的店里免费吃喝。
24 、 单选题
The Anglo-Saxons established( )system，whereby the lord of the manor collected
taxes and organized the local army.
A ： salve
B ： feudal
C ： manorial (采邑制度)
D ： Capitalistic
正确答案： C
解析：
考查英国历史。盎格鲁·撒克逊部落建立起采邑制度，领主收租并组织当地军队。
25 、 单选题
According to ( )， we could only say “The boy kicked the ball.” instead of “Boy the
ball kicked the.”
A ： syntagmatic relation
B ： paradigmatic relation
C ： endocentric construction
D ： exocentric construction
正确答案： A解析：
语言学概念的实例分析。该题属于句法学的范畴。单词在句中的位置不可随意调换，这
是由句法学结构主义学派提出的Syntagmatic relation(组合关系)规定的。
26 、 单选题
What is the ranking of Canada in the world by land area？( )
A ： First
B ： Second
C ： Third
D ： Fourth
正确答案： D
解析：
考查加拿大地理概况。就陆地面积来看，加拿大是全球第四大国家；把海洋面积算在内，
加拿大是全球第二大国家。
27 、 单选题
( )laid the foundations of English state.
A ： Celts
B ： The Anglo-Saxons
C ： The Romans
D ： The Normans
正确答案： B
解析：
考查英国历史。尽管盎格鲁·撒克逊人是野蛮民族，征战不休，但他们为英国国家的形成
打下了基础。
28 、 单选题
The Grapes of Wrath is a masterpiece of ( )
A ： John Steinbeck
B ： John Winthrop
C ： John Updike
D ： John Cotton
正确答案： A
解析：考查美国作家及其代表作。《愤怒的葡萄》是斯坦贝克的代表作之一。
29 、 单选题
English consonants can be classified into stops， fricative， nasals ect.，in terms of (
)
A ： openness of mouth
B ： manner of articulation
C ： place of articulation
D ： voicing
正确答案： B
解析：
考查语音学。爆破音、摩擦音和鼻音是根据发声的方式进行分类的，
30 、 单选题
When I was a little child，I was used to sleeping with the window( )at night in
summer.
A ： open wide
B ： open widely
C ： wide open
D ： opened wide
正确答案： C
解析：
考查副词辨析。A项为“动词+副词”结构，指“把……敞开”；B项与A项同义；C项为
形容词短语，指“敞开的”；D项为A项的过去式。根据空格前面的with可知，这里考
查“with+宾语+形容词”结构，表示窗户是敞开的状态。将四个选项代入句中可知，C
项符合句意。故本题选C。句意：我小时候总喜欢在夏天敞着窗户睡觉。
31 、 单选题
Francis Scott Fitzgerald was famous for ( )
A ： The Great Gatsby
B ： The Sound and the Fury
C ： A Farewell to Arms
D ： the Grapes of Wrath
正确答案： A解析：
美国文学之作家作品。Francis Scott Fitzgerald是美国现代主义的代表作家之一，代表作
有The Great Gatsby(《了不起的盖茨比》)和Tender Is the Night(《夜色温柔》)。
32 、 单选题
The words “amaze” and “astound” are( ).
A ： dialectal synonyms
B ： semantically different synonyms
C ： stylistic synonyms
D ： collocational synonyms
正确答案： B
解析：
语言学概念的实例分析。semantically different synonyms意为“语义不同的同义词”，
指语义相近但略有不同的几个单词。
33 、 单选题
As a revising chamber，the House of Lords is expected to( )the House of Commons.
A ： rival
B ： complement
C ： criticize
D ： inspect
正确答案： B
解析：
考查英国政治。上议院由神职贵族和世俗贵族组成，它的主要作用是用议员的丰富经验
帮助立法。换言之，非选举的上议院是修正议院，补充而非反对由选举产生的下议院。
34 、 单选题
( )us the information，we would have been ambushed.
A ： Had he not given
B ： If he did not give
C ： Should he not give
D ： Were he not to give
正确答案： A
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据后半句would have been可知，是与过去事实相反，所以if条件句中
的谓语动词用had+done的形式，因此A项正确。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含
有had，were 或should时，如省略if，则要将had，were或should提前。此处是省略了if
并将had提前，还原为if he had not given us the information。故本题选A。句意：如果
不是他给了我们消息，我们就会遭到伏击。
35 、 单选题
Which item does not fall under the same category as the rest？( )
A ： Statesman
B ： Corpulent
C ： Slim
D ： ecease
正确答案： B
解析：
考查内涵的具体用法。内涵与情感联想有关，是词汇意义的一部分，是语言表达的情感
成分，依赖于语境，与语言的弦外之音有关。内涵有三种类型：肯定内涵、否定内涵和
中性内涵。B项corulent(肥胖的，臃肿的)有些贬义，而其他词是褒义且语义委婉。
36 、 单选题
Don′t touch the corals with your finger，as they are very( )and easy to destroy！
A ： feeble
B ： fragile
C ： vulnerable
D ： frail
正确答案： B
解析：
考查形容词辨析。A项指“虚弱的，衰弱的”，B项指“易碎的，脆弱的”，C项指“脆
弱的”，D项指“瘦弱的，易碎的”。B项比D项语气强烈，根据句子的感情色彩可以推
断出B项更符合题意。故本题选B。句意：别用你的手去触摸珊瑚，因为它们易碎，很容
易被破坏。
37 、 单选题
The largest city of British Columbia in Canada is ( )
A ： Ottawa
B ： Winnipeg
C ： VancouverD ： Montreal
正确答案： C
解析：
加拿大地理。考查加拿大British Columbia(英属哥伦比亚)最大的城市。
38 、 单选题
Which of the following phrases is an example of an endocentric construction？
A ： On the shelf
B ： eyond the words.
C ： An old man.
D ： Without thinking.
正确答案： C
解析：
语言学概念的实例分析。询问哪一个短语是endocentric construction(向心结构)的范例
39 、 单选题
Which of the following plays deals with the story that a linguist trains a flower girl to
speak the SO-called civilized English？( )
A ： Major Barbara
B ： Pygmalion
C ： Mrs.Warren′s Profession
D ： The Quintessence of Ibsenism
正确答案： B
解析：
考查英国文学作家及其代表作。《皮格马利翁》(Pygmalion)讲述一个满口伦敦土语的卖
花女如何在一位语言学教授的教导下变成一位上流社会的贵妇。
40 、 单选题
In which day is Halloween celebrated？( )
A ： 5 November
B ： 31 October
C ： 17 March
D ： 25 December正确答案： B
解析：
考查美国文化。万圣节是诸圣节(All Saints’ Day )的俗称，本是天主教等基督宗教的宗
教节日，时间为11月1日。天主教把诸圣节定为弥撒日，每到这一天，除非有不可抗拒
的理由，否则所有信徒都要到教堂参加弥撒，缅怀已逝并升人天国的所有圣人，特别是
那些天主教历史上的著名圣人。在中文里，常常把万圣节前夜(Hlloween )讹译为万圣
节(All Saints’ Day)。为庆祝万圣节的来临，小孩会装扮成各种可爱的鬼怪逐家逐户地
敲门，要求获得糖果，否则就会捣蛋。而同时传说这一晚，各种鬼怪也会装扮成小孩混
人群众之中一起庆祝万圣节的来临，而人类为了让鬼怪更融洽才装扮成各种鬼怪。
41 、 单选题
Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration？( )
A ： week seat
B ： Safe and Sound
C ： Knock and Kick
D ： Coat and Boat
正确答案： B
解析：
考查修辞手法。alliteration(头韵)指单词开头辅音的重复。C项两个单词虽然都以字母K
开头，但是首字母发音并不相同。
42 、 单选题
Which region in the U.S.contains 90% of theAmerican textile industry?
A ： New England
B ： The Midwest
C ： The American West
D ： The South
正确答案： D
解析：
美国地理。题目问美国哪个地区的纺织业占了全国的90%。
43 、 单选题
Of the following，( ) is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain′s works.
A ： colloquial speech
B ： a sense of humorC ： a realistic view
D ： an idealistic view
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国文学作家作品风格。马克·吐温是美国现实主义作家，因此其作品体现了现实主
义的观点，而非理想主义的观点，故D项错误。马克·吐温的作品偏口语化，且幽默风趣
但蕴含讽刺的意味。
44 、 单选题
( )is a representative writer ofAestheticism and Decadence.
A ： Stevenson
B ： Ralph Fox
C ： George Gissing
D ： Oscar Wilde
正确答案： D
解析：
英国文学之作家流派。题目询问谁是Aestheticism(唯美主义)和Decadence(颓废派文艺)
的代表人，答案是Oscar Wilde，其代表作是The Picture of Dorian Gray(《道林?格雷的
画像》)。
45 、 单选题
The nation′s capital city Washington and New York are located in ( )
A ： the American West
B ： the Great Plains
C ： the Midwest
D ： the Middle Atlantic States
正确答案： D
解析：
美国地理。考查华盛顿和纽约位于美国的哪个地理区域。
46 、 单选题
New Zealand is sometimes called the world‘s biggest farm.It is the world’s largest
exporter of ( )
A ： beefB ： lamb and mutton
C ： wheat
D ： corn
正确答案： B
解析：
新西兰地理。题目问新西兰是世界上最大的什么出口国，答案是lamb(羔羊)
和mutton(羊肉)。此外，新西兰还是世界上最大的乳制品出口国。
47 、 单选题
Who was the first great American poet to use free verse？
A ： Edgar Allen Poe
B ： Walt Whitman
C ： Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
D ： Henry David Thoreau
正确答案： B
解析：
美国文学之作家流派。题目考查第一个使用free verse(自由诗体)的美国诗人，答案
是Walt Whitman。
48 、 单选题
Walt Whitman was a(n)( )
A ： playwright
B ： essayist
C ： poet
D ： novelist
正确答案： C
解析：
美国文学之作家概况。Walt Whitman是美国著名诗人，代表作为《草叶集》(Leaves of
Grass)，他是第一位使用自由体(Free Verse)的诗人。
49 、 单选题
In the nineteenth century，Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the
Blind，( )for children in Boston，Massachusetts.
A ： that institutesB ： while instituted
C ： was an institution
D ： an institute
正确答案： D
解析：
考查同位语结构。通过分析本句的句子成分可知，其主、谓、宾都有，因此空格及空格
后的成分不是句子的主干，而是同位语成分，解释说明Perkins School for the Blind，能
作同位语的只有D项。故本题选D。句意：在十九世纪，塞缪尔·格里德利·豪成立了帕金
斯盲人学校，这个机构面向马萨诸塞州波士顿的儿童。
50 、 单选题
The US formally entered the Second World War in( )
A ： 1937
B ： 1939
C ： 1941
D ： 1943
正确答案： C
解析：
美国历史。1941年12月，日本袭击珍珠港，美国正式加入第二次世界大战。
51 、 单选题
( )is the dividing line between the South and North of America.
A ： The Hudson River
B ： The Potomac River
C ： The Ohio River
D ： The Missouri River
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国的地理区划。阿巴拉契亚山脉位于大西洋沿岸平原西侧，基本与海岸平行，长
约2 300多千米，一般海拔1 000～1 500米，由几条平行山脉组成。内地平原呈倒三角形，
北起漫长的美国与加拿大边界，南达大西洋沿岸平原的格兰德河一带。西部山系由西部
两条山脉组成，东边为阿巴拉契亚山脉，西边为内华达山脉和喀斯喀特山脉。西部山间
高原由科罗拉多高原、怀俄明高原、哥伦比亚高原与大峡谷组成，为美国西部地质构造
最复杂的地区。美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。因此A、B、
C三项不符合题意。52 、 单选题
The company adopted new policies to( )its market competitiveness.
A ： aggravate
B ： strengthen
C ： intensify
D ： lift
正确答案： B
解析：
考查动词辨析。公司采取新政策以增强其市场竞争力。
53 、 单选题
The success of Uncle Tom ′s Cabin did a great contribution to the anti slavery
movement and brought this author，( )， an immediate popularity.
A ： Harriet Beccher Stowe
B ： Whittier
C ： Bryant
D ： Washington Irving
正确答案： A
解析：
考查美国作家及其代表作。《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对反奴运动起了很大作用，并使得其作
者哈利特·比彻·斯托一举成名。
54 、 单选题
Agressive courage and determination，and( )spirit is inevitable for rapid social
development.
A ： innovative
B ： fresh
C ： novel
D ： original
正确答案： A
解析：
考查形容词辨析。进取的勇气和决心，以及创新精神是社会快速发展的必然产物。55 、 单选题
Which of the following works expresses the desire for an escape from society and a
return to nature？( )
A ： Dreiser′s Sister Carrie
B ： Henry Jame′s The Portrait of a Lady
C ： Fitzgerald′s The Great Gatsby
D ： Mark Twain′s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
正确答案： A
解析：
考查美国作家及其代表作。《嘉莉妹妹》是自然主义的代表作，表达人们回归自然的愿
望；《一位女士的画像》的主题是人的自由、责任和背叛；《伟大的盖茨比》的主题是
美国梦(American Dream)的破灭；《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》反映的是美国人当时的生活
现状
56 、 单选题
Alexander Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of
school in ( ) the first half of the 18th century.
A ： romantic
B ： pre-romantic
C ： Neoclassical
D ： realistic
正确答案： C
解析：
考查英国文学作家及其流派。亚历山大·蒲柏是新古典主义诗歌的重要代表。浪漫主义的
代表人物主要有Wordsworth，Byron和Shelley等；前浪漫主义的代表人物是William
Blake和Robert Bums；现实主义的代表人物主要有Daniel Defoe等。
57 、 单选题
Which play is not a comedy？( )
A ： Midsummer Night ′s Dream
B ： The Merchant of Vince
C ： As You Like it
D ： Romeo and Juliet
正确答案： D
解析：考查文学作品。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》为悲喜剧。《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《皆大
欢喜》和《第十二夜》为莎士比亚的四大喜剧。
58 、 单选题
This photo shows a( )image of the driver who hit the passerby and ran.
A ： plain
B ： distinct
C ： obvious
D ： evident
正确答案： B
解析：
考查形容词辨析。这张照片清晰地显示了一名司机撞到路人后逃跑的情景。
59 、 单选题
Which kind of animal is not the executive of Australia？( )
A ： Emu
B ： Kiwi
C ： Duck-billed platypus
D ： Kangaroo
正确答案： B
解析：
考查澳大利亚国家概况。A项Emu(鸸鹋)，C项Euck-billed platypus(鸭嘴兽)和D
项Kangaroo (袋鼠)都属于澳大利亚特有的生物，B项Kiwi (几维鸟)是新西兰的特有生物。
60 、 单选题
Which of the followings is not the novel of Ernest Hemingway？( )
A ： From Whom the Bell Tolls
B ： The Sun Also Rises
C ： The Old Man and the Sea
D ： This Side of Paradise
正确答案： D
解析：
考查美国文学作家作品。A项From Whom the Bell Tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》B项The Sun
Also Rises《太阳照常升起》和C项The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》都是海明威的作品。D项This Side of Paradise《人间天堂》是F.Scott Fitzgerald (弗朗西斯·司各特·菲
茨杰拉德)的处女作，也是一部划时代的作品。它的问世奠定了菲茨杰拉德作为“爵士时
代”的魁首和桂冠诗人的地位。
61 、 不定项选择题
With thunderclouds looming over the trans-Atlantic economy, it was easy to miss a
bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible of world trade, the Pacific
Rim. In Honolulu, where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders,
Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining nine countries (America,
Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam) in
discussing a free-trade pact. Altogether, the possible members of the Trans-Pacific
Partnership(TPP) produce 40％ of world GDP—far more than the European Union.
Regional trade deals are not always a good idea. If they distract policymakers
from global trade liberalization, they are to be discouraged. But with the Doha round
of global trade talks showing no flicker of life, there is little danger that the TPP will
derail a broader agreement; and by cutting barriers, strengthening intellectual-
property protections and going beyond a web of existing trade deals, it should boost
world trade.
The creation of a wider TPP is still some way off. For it to come into being its
architects—Mr. Obama, who faces a tough election battle next year, and Japan’s
Yoshihiko Noda, who faces crony politics laced with passionate protectionism-need to
show more leadership.
Mr. Noda’s announcement on November 11th that Japan was interested in
joining the TPP negotiations was an exceedingly bold move. Signing up would mean
dramatic changes in Japan, a country which has 800％tariffs on rice and exports 65
vehicles to America for every one that is sent to Japan. Mr. Noda’s move could also
transform the prospects of the TPP, most obviously by uniting two of the world’s
leading three economies but also by galvanizing others. Until he expressed an
interest, Canada and Mexico had also remained on the sidelines. Unwittingly or not,
Mr. Noda has thrust mercantilist Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in
which free movement of everything except labor is on the table.
Immense obstacles loom for Mr. Noda. He came into office in September casting
himself as a conciliator of Japan’s warring political factions. Many of those groups
are opposed to the TPP. Farm co-operatives, which feather many a politician’s nest,
argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage. Doctors warn of the risks to
Japan’s cherished health system. Socialists see the TPP as a Washington-led
sideswipe at China, which had hoped to build an East Asian trade orbit including
Japan. Mr. Nora will have to contend not just with opposition from rival parties but
also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan.
Since Honolulu, Mr. Noda has already pandered to protectionists by watering
down his message. Having beamed next to Mr. Obama in a summit photo, he then
protested that the White House had overstated his intention to put all goods and
services up for negotiation. Polls, however, suggest the Japanese are crying out for
Leadership on the issue, not pusillanimity. More support the idea of entering TPP
negotiations than oppose it. On their behalf Mr. Noda should lead Japan forthrightly
into the discussions, confident that the country can bargain well enough to give its
sacred industries such as farming and health care time to adjust.
It is also a test for Mr. Obama’s new strategy of coping with China’s rise by“pivoting” American foreign policy more towards Asia. He must stand up to the
unions in the car industry which have long bellyached about the imbalance of trade
with Japan. He should energetically promote the potential gains for jobs of his pro-
Asia strategy-both at home and abroad. America should also stress that the TPP is
meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it.
Such steps would help win support in Japan, while costing America little. And in
joining the TPP, Japan would be forced to reform hidebound parts of its economy,
such as services, which would stimulate growth. A revitalized Japan would add to the
dynamism of a more liberalized Asia-Pacific region. That is surely something worth
fighting for.
Which of the following main messages was conveyed in this passage?
A ： n inspiring idea to liberalize transpacific trade hinges on the courage of America
and, especially, Japan.
B ： TPP is meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it.
C ： The farming and health care industries in Japan would be severely affected by
the TPP.
D ： TPP as a Washington-led sideswipe at China will win support in Japan and add to
a more liberalized Asia-Pacific region.
正确答案： A
解析：
主旨题，从全文来看，本文旨在说明要建立TPP，美国和日本需要作出不懈努力，特别
是日本。文章在简单介绍了在火奴鲁鲁召开的“a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders”
和“TPP”的优势之后，在第三段提到要创建“a wider TPP”还需要很长的路要走，作
为创建者，Mr. Obama和Yoshihiko Noda需要表现出更强的领导力。之后文章分别阐述
了日本和美国需要作出的努力。例如Mr. Noda需要协调党派之间和党内反对派，以及民
众的呼声；还需要争取时间以便使日本神圣的“farming and health care industry”做
调整。美国也需要作出相应改变，比如从文章倒数第二段可以看出，奥巴马必须忍受国
内汽车工业联合会对于和日本贸易不公的抱怨，同时也要强调TPP意图“engage and
incorporate”中国而非“constrain it”。但是相对于日本，“costing America little”。
由此可知，A选项说放宽泛太平洋地区贸易的想法，源自于美国、尤其是日本的勇气是
正确的。
62 、 不定项选择题
This is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in
Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In
America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised,
and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with
Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists
in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls
“national suicide”.
This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical
economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries’
borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door
should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of Diasporas, andthe contribution they can make to a country’s economic growth.
Diaspora networks-of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others-have always been
a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made
them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-
generation migrants around the world: that’s 3％of the world’s population. If they
were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people
living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are
scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have
always been found in surprising places-Lebanese in West Africa, Japanese in Brazil
and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance-but they have been joined by newer ones, such
as west Africans in southern China.
These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across
borders. They speed the flow of information. Trust matters, especially in emerging
markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. And
modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of
business.
Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world’s brightest
minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking
with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore
bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China’s technology
industry is dominated by “sea turtles” (Chinese who have lived abroad and
returned.
Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to
their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home
country. A Harvard Business School study shows that, American companies that
employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a
joint venture with a local firm.
Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards
immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two
(mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they
are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder
for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile. The first is
usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than
indigenous people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies
do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages
of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.
Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The
sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely
to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs
productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University
showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America’s population, they
founded a quarter of the country’s technology and engineering firms. And, by
linking the West with emerging markets, Diasporas help rich countries to plug into
fast-growing economies.
Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears
that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The
prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all
subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to
set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20％of their
university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.Which of the following is true?
A ： Many immigrants claim much more benefits than the locals.
B ： All research findings show that the competition from unskilled immigrants
depresses the wages of unskilled locals.
C ： Migrants into rich countries tend to send cash back to their families and have
become a drain on the public purse.
D ： iasporas help rich countries establish business ties with emerging markets in
their home countries.
正确答案： D
解析：
文章第八段提到通过连接西方和“emerging markets”，“Diasporas”加速富裕国家
经济发展。第六段提到移民帮助“companies in their host country operate in their
home country”，而D项移民帮助富国在本国新兴市场发展业务正是结合了以上两句话，
因此D为正确选项。虽然文章第七段提到“so many migrants claim welfare they are a
drain on the public purse”。但是随后作者又提到这个观点“is usually not true”。
而A项说许多移民要求比当地人获得更多福利是不正确的。C项后半句说移民已经成
为“a drain on the public purse”也是错误的。文章第七段最后提到虽然一些研究表明
来自“unskilled immigrants”的竞争压低了“unskilled locals”的工资，但是这种影
响“to be small”或者“non-existent”因此B项不正确。
63 、 不定项选择题
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our
life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and
operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which
scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general
characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if
one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance
with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a
musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science
as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some
sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to
accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world,
or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science.
We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes
and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It
will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science
and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In
addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views
and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the
scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent
years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the
scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in
all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields andmake significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution,
however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male
nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias,
we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible
and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being
ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in
treating half of the human equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our
approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we
shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science
as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
This passage most probably is _____.
A ： a book review
B ： the preface of a book
C ： the post script of a book
D ： the concluding part of a book
正确答案： B
解析：
本文为书的前言，文章内容都是对书的介绍。book review书的评论。post script书跋、
书的附录。concluding part书的结论部分。选项A、C、D均不符合。
64 、 不定项选择题
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our
life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and
operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which
scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general
characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if
one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance
with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a
musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science
as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some
sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to
accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world,
or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science.
We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes
and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It
will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science
and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In
addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views
and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the
scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent
years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in thescientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in
all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and
make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution,
however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male
nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias,
we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible
and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being
ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in
treating half of the human equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our
approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we
shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science
as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who _____.
A ： long for deeper understanding of science
B ： are good at producing various gadgets
C ： work in a storehouse of dried facts
D ： are interested in popular science
正确答案： A
解析：
第二段首句就点出了这本书的对象是对科学一知半解的大学生和门外汉；一直把科学看
作干巴巴的事实堆砌的发霉的石屋的人；把科学的主要目的视为生产小配件的人；把科
学视为某种魔术的人。这说明主要为选项A中描述的人所写，对科学了解不多而又希望
有更深了解的人。
65 、 不定项选择题
This is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in
Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In
America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised,
and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with
Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists
in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls
“national suicide”.
This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical
economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries’
borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door
should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of Diasporas, and
the contribution they can make to a country’s economic growth.
Diaspora networks-of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others-have always been
a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made
them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-
generation migrants around the world: that’s 3％of the world’s population. If they
were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people
living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians arescattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have
always been found in surprising places-Lebanese in West Africa, Japanese in Brazil
and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance-but they have been joined by newer ones, such
as west Africans in southern China.
These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across
borders. They speed the flow of information. Trust matters, especially in emerging
markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. And
modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of
business.
Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world’s brightest
minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking
with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore
bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China’s technology
industry is dominated by “sea turtles” (Chinese who have lived abroad and
returned.
Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to
their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home
country. A Harvard Business School study shows that, American companies that
employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a
joint venture with a local firm.
Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards
immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two
(mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they
are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder
for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile. The first is
usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than
indigenous people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies
do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages
of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.
Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The
sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely
to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs
productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University
showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America’s population, they
founded a quarter of the country’s technology and engineering firms. And, by
linking the West with emerging markets, Diasporas help rich countries to plug into
fast-growing economies.
Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears
that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The
prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all
subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to
set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20％of their
university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.
It can be inferred from the passage that _____
A ： Immigrants are prepared to work harder for less pay, which can stimulate the
locals to work even harder.
B ： With the increasing number of Diasporas, they will form a new nation in the
world.
C ： The number of skilled migrants returning home is increasing.D ： The networks of kinship and language contribute to international business by
taking advantage of legal loopholes.
正确答案： C
解析：
从文章第五段中可知“An increasing number go home, taking with them both
knowledge and contacts”，因此C选项说要回国的技术移民数量正在增加是正确的。A
选项后半句“which can stimulate the locals to work harder”文中没有提供相关线索，
无法推断，因此A项不正确。文中第三段只是提到如果这些移民组成一个国家，这个国
家将“a little larger than Brazil”，而B项后半句说这些移民将成立一个新国家是没有判
断依据的，因此B项不正确。D项旨在考查对第四段“Trust matters, especially in
emerging markets where the rule of law is weak”的理解。它是指信任很重要，特别
是在新兴市场，通常法制薄弱。而D项由此推断这种“The networks of kinship and
language”通过利用法律漏洞来促进国际商务贸易是不正确的。
66 、 不定项选择题
For the executive producer of a network nightly news programme, the workday often
begins at midnight as mine did during seven years with ABC’s evening newscast.
The first order of business was a call to the assignment desk for a pre-
bedtime?rundownof latest developments.
The assignment desk operates 24 hours a day, staffed by editors who move
crews, correspondents and equipment to the scene of events. Assignment-desk
editors ate logistics experts; they have to know plane schedules, satellite availability,
and whom to get in touch with at local stations and overseas broadcasting systems.
They are required to assess stories as they break on the wire services—sometimes
even before they do - and to decide how much effort to make to cover those stories.
When the United States was going to appeal to arms against Iraq, the number of
correspondents and crews was constantly evaluated. Based on reports from the field
and also upon the skilled judgments of desk editors in New York City, the right
number of personnel was kept on the alert. The rest were allowed to continue
working throughout the world, in America and Iraq ready to move but not tied down
by false alarms.
The studio staff of ABC’s “World News Tonight” assembles at 9 a.m. to
prepare for the 6:30 “air” p.m. deadline. Overnight dispatches from outlying
bureaus and press services are read. There are phone conversations with the
broadcast’s staff producers in domestic bureaus and with the London bureau
senior producer, who coordinates overseas coverage. A pattern emerges for the
day’s news, a pattern outlined in the executive producer’s first lineup. The lineup
tells the staff what stories are scheduled; what the priorities are for processing film of
editing tape; what scripts need to be written; what commercials ate scheduled; how
long stories should run and in what order. Without a lineup, there would be chaos.
Each story’s relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by
the executive producer. Cutting back satellite booking to save money might mean
that an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an
event. A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down, but
there is not enough money to do everything. So decisions must be made and made
rapidly—because delay can mean a missed connection for shipping tape or access toa satellite blocked by a competitor.
The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style. The audience has to be
allowed to breathe between periods of intense excitement. A vivid pictorial report
followed by less exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on information that
has just flashed by. Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one film
or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement. Ideally, leading and
lags to stories are worked out with field correspondents, enabling them to fit their
reports into the programme’s narrative flow so the audience’s attention does not
wander and more substance is absorbed.
Scripts are constantly rewritten to blend well with incoming pictures. Good copy
is crisp, informative. Our rule: the fewer words the better. If a picture can do the
work, let it.
All the following can be employed to make the report more effective EXCEPT_____.
A ： providing more vivid pictures and details
B ： changing the style to cater for the audience’s appetite
C ： more live coverage to replace the linguistic explanation
D ： interval shifts of the materials of the coverage
正确答案： B
解析：
本题可用排除法。倒数第二段第二句提到“A vivid pictorial report followed by less
exacting…”可见插入图片是有效的，排除A项。第五段第三句提到“A decline in live
coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down”现场报道的减少可能会使
收视率降低，这也就从反面说明现场报道而不只是口头解释会更有效，故排除B项。倒
数第二段第四句提到“Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one
film or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement.”频繁地从一个节
目跳到另一个会产生一种“前向运动”的感觉。这也从反面说明报道中间隔的休息也是
必要的，选项D也可排除。所以选B。
67 、 不定项选择题
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our
life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and
operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which
scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general
characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if
one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance
with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a
musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science
as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some
sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to
accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world,
or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science.
We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes
and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. Itwill give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science
and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In
addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views
and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the
scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent
years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the
scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in
all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and
make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution,
however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male
nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias,
we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible
and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being
ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in
treating half of the human equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our
approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we
shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science
as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
According to the passage, “scientific subculture” means _____.
A ： cultural groups that are formed by scientists
B ： people whose knowledge of science is very limited
C ： the scientific community
D ： people who make good contribution to science
正确答案： C
解析：
由第一段第三句，人们也该了解科学家生活在其中的亚文化群以及他们是什么样的人，
可知选项C为正确答案。
68 、 不定项选择题
This is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in
Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In
America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised,
and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with
Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists
in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls
“national suicide”.
This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical
economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries’
borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door
should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of Diasporas, and
the contribution they can make to a country’s economic growth.
Diaspora networks-of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others-have always beena potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made
them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-
generation migrants around the world: that’s 3％of the world’s population. If they
were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people
living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are
scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have
always been found in surprising places-Lebanese in West Africa, Japanese in Brazil
and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance-but they have been joined by newer ones, such
as west Africans in southern China.
These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across
borders. They speed the flow of information. Trust matters, especially in emerging
markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. And
modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of
business.
Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world’s brightest
minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking
with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore
bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China’s technology
industry is dominated by “sea turtles” (Chinese who have lived abroad and
returned.
Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to
their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home
country. A Harvard Business School study shows that, American companies that
employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a
joint venture with a local firm.
Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards
immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two
(mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they
are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder
for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile. The first is
usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than
indigenous people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies
do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages
of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.
Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The
sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely
to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs
productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University
showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America’s population, they
founded a quarter of the country’s technology and engineering firms. And, by
linking the West with emerging markets, Diasporas help rich countries to plug into
fast-growing economies.
Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears
that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The
prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all
subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to
set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20％of their
university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.
The author’s attitude towards “Diasporas” is that _____.A ： There is increasing hostility towards immigrants in rich countries.
B ： Immigrant networks are a rare bright spark in the world economy and rich
countries should welcome them.
C ： The Diasporas should return to their homelands so that poor countries will not
suffer as a result of “brain drain”.
D ： Hard-working immigrants will depress the wages of the locals although they may
greatly increase productivity.
正确答案： B
解析：
文章多处提到移民为世界经济发展做出贡献。例如第六段提到在富裕国家
的“Migrants”不仅“send cash to their families”；他们还会帮助公司“operate in
their home country.”不仅如此，倒数第二段提到了移民为富裕国家也做出的贡献。最
后一段也提到“Rich countries”将会从宽松的移民政策中获益。因此B项指出移民是世
界经济中难得一见的亮点，富裕国家应该欢迎他们是符合作者对“diasporas”的态度的。
A选项是一个事实，不是作者态度。因此不选A。文章最后一段“The prospect of
working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all
subsequently emigrate”说明有些人只是到国外学习，并不移民；另外一些人才会回国
开公司，因此担心不发达国家会“brain drain”是过分夸张的，故C选项错误。从文章
第七段可以看出的确有一些研究表明来自“unskilled immigration”的竞争会压
低“unskilled locals”的工资，但是其他研究发现，这种影响“to be small”或
者“non-existent”，因此D项错误。
69 、 不定项选择题
It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises
from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There
are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First,
there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,
there is the program target—people in the market segment with the “best fit”
characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a
few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the
program audience—all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program
without regard to whether they need or want the product
These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where
customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such
customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for
example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such
as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling
(marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified,
and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program
target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.
Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are
many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small
percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment
group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial
differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with allthe past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer
goods is rare, and mass marketing—a marketing approach that aims at a wide
audience—remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are
few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the
program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for
products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.
The passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?
A ： It is used in the marketing of most industrial products.
B ： It is often used in cases where there is a large program target.
C ： It is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.
D ： It is used only for products for which there are many potential customers.
正确答案： C
解析：
文章第二段提到，有一种特殊情况，当产品的消费者很容易辨别并且很少时，比如说啤
酒瓶高速填料，那么，直销在经济上就可行，但是它的市场消费者只局限于program
target类型的消费者。接着在文章的第三段提到，“most consumer-goods markets”
完全不同，只有“mass marketing”才能在经济上可行。因此正确答案为C项。
70 、 不定项选择题
It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises
from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There
are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First,
there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,
there is the program target—people in the market segment with the “best fit”
characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a
few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the
program audience—all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program
without regard to whether they need or want the product
These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where
customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such
customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for
example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such
as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling
(marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified,
and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program
target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.
Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are
many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small
percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment
group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial
differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with all
the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer
goods is rare, and mass marketing—a marketing approach that aims at a wide
audience—remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there arefew media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the
program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for
products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.
“the product in question” in Line 5 Paragraph 2 means _____ .
A ： “the product in the previous question”
B ： “the product under discussion”
C ： “the product on sale”
D ： “the product in doubt”
正确答案： B
解析：
“in question”意思是“考虑之中的；被谈论着的”。
71 、 不定项选择题
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance
of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation
at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass
through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated
from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into
space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions
from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The
surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass
of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning
of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise
in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human
society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a
function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃ can be observed at an altitude
of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level),
the temperature increases by about 6℃ per kilometer approaching the Earth’s
surface, where the average temperature is about 15℃. An increase in the amount of
carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb
infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation
increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One
mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would
raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃: This model assumes that the
atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases
with altitude at a rate of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative
humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient
absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more
moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount ofwater vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more
infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surface.
The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice,
reducing the Earth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed,
leading to a further increase in temperature.
The primary purpose of the passage is to _____.
A ： warn of the dangers of continued burning of fossil fuels
B ： discuss the significance of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C ： demonstrate the usefulness of mathematical models in predicting long-range
climatic change
D ： describe the ways in which various atmospheric and climatic conditions
contribute to the Earth’s weather
正确答案： B
解析：
文章第一段讲述了大气中二氧化碳的存在对于保持地表温度平衡的重要作用，接着讲述
了如今由于化石燃料的燃烧，使大气中的二氧化碳增多，从而对全球气温以及人类社会
的影响，主要是为了强调二氧化碳在大气中的重要作用，因此B项最符合题
意。A、C、D三项在文中都有所体现，但都不是文章主旨，因此不选。
72 、 不定项选择题
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed
achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in
dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary
camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From
the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of
Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as
having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by
most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the
scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and
distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic
effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most
suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot
to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By
juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could
control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the
reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a
plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and
experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become
standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological
and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the
crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus
exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian
novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its
range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included
not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such
novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social
issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of
American cinema. When he remade?Enoch Arden?in 1911, he insisted that a subject
of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel.
Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense
revolution. Two years later,?Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical
spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running
time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a
trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a
new intellectual respectability to the cinema.
The author suggests that Griffith’s contributions to the cinema had which of the
following results?
Ⅰ. Literary works, especially Victorian novels, became popular sources for film
subjects.
Ⅱ. Audience appreciation of other film directors’ experimentations with
cinematic syntax was increased.
Ⅲ. Many of the artistic limitations thought to be inherent in filmmaking were
shown to be really nonexistent.
A ： Ⅱ only
B ： Ⅲ only
C ： I and Ⅱ only
D ： Ⅱ and Ⅲ only
正确答案： B
解析：
第二段最后一句指出“Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and
gave film mastery of time as well as space”，表示Griffith将维多利亚时期小说的创作
手法引入电影业的拍摄，而小说的内容则与电影主题无关，Ⅰ表述不正确；第二段第三
句表明是Griffith坚持使用“cinematic syntax”进行拍摄，而不是“other film
directors”，Ⅱ的表述也不正确；只有Ⅲ是正确的，这点从全文描述可以推断出来：正
是Griffith孜孜不倦的创新和试验才使电影拍摄技术突破传统局限，实现技术，体裁，主
题的多元化。
73 、 不定项选择题
With thunderclouds looming over the trans-Atlantic economy, it was easy to miss a
bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible of world trade, the Pacific
Rim. In Honolulu, where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders,
Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining nine countries (America,
Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam) in
discussing a free-trade pact. Altogether, the possible members of the Trans-Pacific
Partnership(TPP) produce 40％ of world GDP—far more than the European Union.
Regional trade deals are not always a good idea. If they distract policymakersfrom global trade liberalization, they are to be discouraged. But with the Doha round
of global trade talks showing no flicker of life, there is little danger that the TPP will
derail a broader agreement; and by cutting barriers, strengthening intellectual-
property protections and going beyond a web of existing trade deals, it should boost
world trade.
The creation of a wider TPP is still some way off. For it to come into being its
architects—Mr. Obama, who faces a tough election battle next year, and Japan’s
Yoshihiko Noda, who faces crony politics laced with passionate protectionism-need to
show more leadership.
Mr. Noda’s announcement on November 11th that Japan was interested in
joining the TPP negotiations was an exceedingly bold move. Signing up would mean
dramatic changes in Japan, a country which has 800％tariffs on rice and exports 65
vehicles to America for every one that is sent to Japan. Mr. Noda’s move could also
transform the prospects of the TPP, most obviously by uniting two of the world’s
leading three economies but also by galvanizing others. Until he expressed an
interest, Canada and Mexico had also remained on the sidelines. Unwittingly or not,
Mr. Noda has thrust mercantilist Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in
which free movement of everything except labor is on the table.
Immense obstacles loom for Mr. Noda. He came into office in September casting
himself as a conciliator of Japan’s warring political factions. Many of those groups
are opposed to the TPP. Farm co-operatives, which feather many a politician’s nest,
argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage. Doctors warn of the risks to
Japan’s cherished health system. Socialists see the TPP as a Washington-led
sideswipe at China, which had hoped to build an East Asian trade orbit including
Japan. Mr. Nora will have to contend not just with opposition from rival parties but
also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan.
Since Honolulu, Mr. Noda has already pandered to protectionists by watering
down his message. Having beamed next to Mr. Obama in a summit photo, he then
protested that the White House had overstated his intention to put all goods and
services up for negotiation. Polls, however, suggest the Japanese are crying out for
Leadership on the issue, not pusillanimity. More support the idea of entering TPP
negotiations than oppose it. On their behalf Mr. Noda should lead Japan forthrightly
into the discussions, confident that the country can bargain well enough to give its
sacred industries such as farming and health care time to adjust.
It is also a test for Mr. Obama’s new strategy of coping with China’s rise by
“pivoting” American foreign policy more towards Asia. He must stand up to the
unions in the car industry which have long bellyached about the imbalance of trade
with Japan. He should energetically promote the potential gains for jobs of his pro-
Asia strategy-both at home and abroad. America should also stress that the TPP is
meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it.
Such steps would help win support in Japan, while costing America little. And in
joining the TPP, Japan would be forced to reform hidebound parts of its economy,
such as services, which would stimulate growth. A revitalized Japan would add to the
dynamism of a more liberalized Asia-Pacific region. That is surely something worth
fighting for.
Which of the following could NOT be true as the possible consequences of Japan’s
joining the TPP?
A ： It would increase the GDP of the TPP members.
B ： It could transform the prospects of the TPP.C ： It would become conciliation between Japan’s warring political factions.
D ： It would lead to a more liberalized transpacific trade relation.
正确答案： C
解析：
从文章中第五段“Many of those groups are opposed to the TPP”可以看出不仅竞争
党派存在反对加入TPP的声音，Mr. Noda自己的民主党派中也有反对者。因此可以推断
如果日本加入TPP，政治派系之间达成党派之间或党派内部调解是不会发生的。选项C最
符合题意。
74 、 不定项选择题
It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises
from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There
are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First,
there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,
there is the program target—people in the market segment with the “best fit”
characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a
few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the
program audience—all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program
without regard to whether they need or want the product
These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where
customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such
customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for
example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such
as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling
(marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified,
and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program
target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.
Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are
many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small
percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment
group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial
differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with all
the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer
goods is rare, and mass marketing—a marketing approach that aims at a wide
audience—remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are
few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the
program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for
products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true for most
consumer-goods markets?
A ： The program target and the program audience are not usually identical.
B ： The program audience and the market segment are usually identical.
C ： The market segment and the program target are usually identical.
D ： The program target is larger than the market segment.正确答案： A
解析：
由“mass marketing—a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience…
marketing program exclusively to the program target.”得知消费品并不能实现只出售
给计划目标，许多人都会受到他们并不感兴趣的产品营销的打扰。
75 、 不定项选择题
For the executive producer of a network nightly news programme, the workday often
begins at midnight as mine did during seven years with ABC’s evening newscast.
The first order of business was a call to the assignment desk for a pre-
bedtime?rundownof latest developments.
The assignment desk operates 24 hours a day, staffed by editors who move
crews, correspondents and equipment to the scene of events. Assignment-desk
editors ate logistics experts; they have to know plane schedules, satellite availability,
and whom to get in touch with at local stations and overseas broadcasting systems.
They are required to assess stories as they break on the wire services—sometimes
even before they do - and to decide how much effort to make to cover those stories.
When the United States was going to appeal to arms against Iraq, the number of
correspondents and crews was constantly evaluated. Based on reports from the field
and also upon the skilled judgments of desk editors in New York City, the right
number of personnel was kept on the alert. The rest were allowed to continue
working throughout the world, in America and Iraq ready to move but not tied down
by false alarms.
The studio staff of ABC’s “World News Tonight” assembles at 9 a.m. to
prepare for the 6:30 “air” p.m. deadline. Overnight dispatches from outlying
bureaus and press services are read. There are phone conversations with the
broadcast’s staff producers in domestic bureaus and with the London bureau
senior producer, who coordinates overseas coverage. A pattern emerges for the
day’s news, a pattern outlined in the executive producer’s first lineup. The lineup
tells the staff what stories are scheduled; what the priorities are for processing film of
editing tape; what scripts need to be written; what commercials ate scheduled; how
long stories should run and in what order. Without a lineup, there would be chaos.
Each story’s relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by
the executive producer. Cutting back satellite booking to save money might mean
that an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an
event. A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down, but
there is not enough money to do everything. So decisions must be made and made
rapidly—because delay can mean a missed connection for shipping tape or access to
a satellite blocked by a competitor.
The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style. The audience has to be
allowed to breathe between periods of intense excitement. A vivid pictorial report
followed by less exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on information that
has just flashed by. Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one film
or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement. Ideally, leading and
lags to stories are worked out with field correspondents, enabling them to fit their
reports into the programme’s narrative flow so the audience’s attention does not
wander and more substance is absorbed.Scripts are constantly rewritten to blend well with incoming pictures. Good copy
is crisp, informative. Our rule: the fewer words the better. If a picture can do the
work, let it.
What is the function of the third paragraph?
A ： To illustrate the important role and function of the assignment desk.
B ： To give us a brief introduction of their working conditions.
C ： To exemplify the cooperation of all sections in the company.
D ： To emphasize the mission of the correspondents.
正确答案： A
解析：
文中第二段讲assignment desk的作用以及Assignment-desk editors要做的事，第三段
就举美国的例子来说明这一点，可见选项A正确。
76 、 不定项选择题
This is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in
Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In
America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised,
and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with
Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists
in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls
“national suicide”.
This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical
economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries’
borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door
should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of Diasporas, and
the contribution they can make to a country’s economic growth.
Diaspora networks-of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others-have always been
a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made
them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-
generation migrants around the world: that’s 3％of the world’s population. If they
were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people
living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are
scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have
always been found in surprising places-Lebanese in West Africa, Japanese in Brazil
and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance-but they have been joined by newer ones, such
as west Africans in southern China.
These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across
borders. They speed the flow of information. Trust matters, especially in emerging
markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. And
modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of
business.
Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world’s brightest
minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking
with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalorebounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China’s technology
industry is dominated by “sea turtles” (Chinese who have lived abroad and
returned.
Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to
their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home
country. A Harvard Business School study shows that, American companies that
employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a
joint venture with a local firm.
Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards
immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two
(mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they
are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder
for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile. The first is
usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than
indigenous people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies
do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages
of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.
Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The
sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely
to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs
productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University
showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America’s population, they
founded a quarter of the country’s technology and engineering firms. And, by
linking the West with emerging markets, Diasporas help rich countries to plug into
fast-growing economies.
Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears
that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The
prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all
subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to
set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20％of their
university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.
In which of the following aspect can the “sea turtles” make contributions to their
homeland?
A ： They return home with knowledge and contracts to set up new businesses.
B ： They help companies in their home country operate in their host country.
C ： They work harder for less pay.
D ： They help to achieve a lower unemployment rate.
正确答案： A
解析：
从文章第五段中可知“An increasing number go home, taking with them both
knowledge and contacts”可以看出A选项说移民带着“knowledge”和“contracts”回
国是正确的。B选项说移民帮助“companies in their home country”在“their host
country”发展业务与第六段他们帮助“companies in their host country”在“their
home country”发展业务正相反，所以B项不对。在第七段可以看到，C项中提到移
民“work harder for less pay”只是富裕国家居民对移民的抱怨，与题目中海归怎样为
自己国家做贡献没有关系，因此C项错误。D项在文中没有提到。77 、 不定项选择题
With thunderclouds looming over the trans-Atlantic economy, it was easy to miss a
bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible of world trade, the Pacific
Rim. In Honolulu, where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders,
Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining nine countries (America,
Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam) in
discussing a free-trade pact. Altogether, the possible members of the Trans-Pacific
Partnership(TPP) produce 40％ of world GDP—far more than the European Union.
Regional trade deals are not always a good idea. If they distract policymakers
from global trade liberalization, they are to be discouraged. But with the Doha round
of global trade talks showing no flicker of life, there is little danger that the TPP will
derail a broader agreement; and by cutting barriers, strengthening intellectual-
property protections and going beyond a web of existing trade deals, it should boost
world trade.
The creation of a wider TPP is still some way off. For it to come into being its
architects—Mr. Obama, who faces a tough election battle next year, and Japan’s
Yoshihiko Noda, who faces crony politics laced with passionate protectionism-need to
show more leadership.
Mr. Noda’s announcement on November 11th that Japan was interested in
joining the TPP negotiations was an exceedingly bold move. Signing up would mean
dramatic changes in Japan, a country which has 800％tariffs on rice and exports 65
vehicles to America for every one that is sent to Japan. Mr. Noda’s move could also
transform the prospects of the TPP, most obviously by uniting two of the world’s
leading three economies but also by galvanizing others. Until he expressed an
interest, Canada and Mexico had also remained on the sidelines. Unwittingly or not,
Mr. Noda has thrust mercantilist Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in
which free movement of everything except labor is on the table.
Immense obstacles loom for Mr. Noda. He came into office in September casting
himself as a conciliator of Japan’s warring political factions. Many of those groups
are opposed to the TPP. Farm co-operatives, which feather many a politician’s nest,
argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage. Doctors warn of the risks to
Japan’s cherished health system. Socialists see the TPP as a Washington-led
sideswipe at China, which had hoped to build an East Asian trade orbit including
Japan. Mr. Nora will have to contend not just with opposition from rival parties but
also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan.
Since Honolulu, Mr. Noda has already pandered to protectionists by watering
down his message. Having beamed next to Mr. Obama in a summit photo, he then
protested that the White House had overstated his intention to put all goods and
services up for negotiation. Polls, however, suggest the Japanese are crying out for
Leadership on the issue, not pusillanimity. More support the idea of entering TPP
negotiations than oppose it. On their behalf Mr. Noda should lead Japan forthrightly
into the discussions, confident that the country can bargain well enough to give its
sacred industries such as farming and health care time to adjust.
It is also a test for Mr. Obama’s new strategy of coping with China’s rise by
“pivoting” American foreign policy more towards Asia. He must stand up to the
unions in the car industry which have long bellyached about the imbalance of trade
with Japan. He should energetically promote the potential gains for jobs of his pro-Asia strategy-both at home and abroad. America should also stress that the TPP is
meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it.
Such steps would help win support in Japan, while costing America little. And in
joining the TPP, Japan would be forced to reform hidebound parts of its economy,
such as services, which would stimulate growth. A revitalized Japan would add to the
dynamism of a more liberalized Asia-Pacific region. That is surely something worth
fighting for.
Which of the majority of the following groups has Mr. Noda’s decision to join the
TPP negotiations gained support from?
A ： His Democratic Party of Japan
B ： Farm co-operatives and doctors
C ： Socialists and protectionists
D ： The public
正确答案： D
解析：
从文章第五段可以看出，许多团体“opposed to the TPP”，其中包括A选项的“His
Democratic Party of Japan”，B选项的“Farm co-operatives and doctors”，以及C选
项的“Socialists and protectionists”。但是在第六段中提到民意调查显示日本需要跟
多的领导权而不是犹豫不决，“More support…than oppose it.”由此看出D为正确选
项。
78 、 不定项选择题
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance
of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation
at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass
through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated
from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into
space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions
from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The
surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass
of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning
of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise
in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human
society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a
function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃ can be observed at an altitude
of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level),
the temperature increases by about 6℃ per kilometer approaching the Earth’s
surface, where the average temperature is about 15℃. An increase in the amount of
carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorbinfrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation
increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One
mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would
raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃: This model assumes that the
atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases
with altitude at a rate of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative
humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient
absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more
moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more
infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surface.
The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice,
reducing the Earth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed,
leading to a further increase in temperature.
According to the passage, atmospheric carbon dioxide performs all of the following
functions EXCEPT: _____.
A ： absorbing radiation at visible wavelengths
B ： absorbing infrared radiation
C ： absorbing outgoing radiation from the Earth
D ： helping to retain heat near the Earth’s surface
正确答案： A
解析：
文章第一段第二句指出，“these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths,
where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through”，所以此处二
氧化碳的作用是允许可见光波长的辐射穿过大气层，而不是将其“吸收”，因此A项不
符合文章描述，符合题目要求；选项B、C在第二句的后半句有所体现，选项D在第一段
的倒数第三句可以找到对应。
79 、 不定项选择题
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed
achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in
dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary
camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From
the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of
Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as
having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by
most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the
scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and
distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic
effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most
suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot
to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By
juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he couldcontrol the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the
reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a
plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and
experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become
standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological
and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the
crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus
exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian
novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its
range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included
not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such
novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social
issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of
American cinema. When he remade?Enoch Arden?in 1911, he insisted that a subject
of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel.
Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense
revolution. Two years later,?Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical
spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running
time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a
trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a
new intellectual respectability to the cinema.
It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a
film was _____.
A ： 15 minutes or less
B ： between 15 and 30 minutes
C ： 1 hour or more
D ： between 45 minutes and 1 hour
正确答案： A
解析：
根据文章第三段第四句可知，1910年以前，传统的影片时长为“one reel”，又根据下
文“the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running time”，可以推
断出，一盘长的影片时长大约是15分钟，因此A项符合题意。
80 、 不定项选择题
For the executive producer of a network nightly news programme, the workday often
begins at midnight as mine did during seven years with ABC’s evening newscast.
The first order of business was a call to the assignment desk for a pre-
bedtime?rundownof latest developments.
The assignment desk operates 24 hours a day, staffed by editors who move
crews, correspondents and equipment to the scene of events. Assignment-desk
editors ate logistics experts; they have to know plane schedules, satellite availability,
and whom to get in touch with at local stations and overseas broadcasting systems.
They are required to assess stories as they break on the wire services—sometimeseven before they do - and to decide how much effort to make to cover those stories.
When the United States was going to appeal to arms against Iraq, the number of
correspondents and crews was constantly evaluated. Based on reports from the field
and also upon the skilled judgments of desk editors in New York City, the right
number of personnel was kept on the alert. The rest were allowed to continue
working throughout the world, in America and Iraq ready to move but not tied down
by false alarms.
The studio staff of ABC’s “World News Tonight” assembles at 9 a.m. to
prepare for the 6:30 “air” p.m. deadline. Overnight dispatches from outlying
bureaus and press services are read. There are phone conversations with the
broadcast’s staff producers in domestic bureaus and with the London bureau
senior producer, who coordinates overseas coverage. A pattern emerges for the
day’s news, a pattern outlined in the executive producer’s first lineup. The lineup
tells the staff what stories are scheduled; what the priorities are for processing film of
editing tape; what scripts need to be written; what commercials ate scheduled; how
long stories should run and in what order. Without a lineup, there would be chaos.
Each story’s relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by
the executive producer. Cutting back satellite booking to save money might mean
that an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an
event. A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down, but
there is not enough money to do everything. So decisions must be made and made
rapidly—because delay can mean a missed connection for shipping tape or access to
a satellite blocked by a competitor.
The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style. The audience has to be
allowed to breathe between periods of intense excitement. A vivid pictorial report
followed by less exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on information that
has just flashed by. Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one film
or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement. Ideally, leading and
lags to stories are worked out with field correspondents, enabling them to fit their
reports into the programme’s narrative flow so the audience’s attention does not
wander and more substance is absorbed.
Scripts are constantly rewritten to blend well with incoming pictures. Good copy
is crisp, informative. Our rule: the fewer words the better. If a picture can do the
work, let it.
What will the executive producer mostly be concerned with?
A ： The cost and the effect.
B ： The truth of the coverage.
C ： The audience’s interest.
D ： The form of the coverage.
正确答案： D
解析：
细节题。第四段的倒数第三句提到“A pattern emerges for the day’s news, a pattern
outlined in the executive producer’s first lineup.”新闻的形式是监制人最在乎的
事。“pattern”与“form”同义。所以选D。81 、 不定项选择题
With thunderclouds looming over the trans-Atlantic economy, it was easy to miss a
bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible of world trade, the Pacific
Rim. In Honolulu, where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders,
Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining nine countries (America,
Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam) in
discussing a free-trade pact. Altogether, the possible members of the Trans-Pacific
Partnership(TPP) produce 40％ of world GDP—far more than the European Union.
Regional trade deals are not always a good idea. If they distract policymakers
from global trade liberalization, they are to be discouraged. But with the Doha round
of global trade talks showing no flicker of life, there is little danger that the TPP will
derail a broader agreement; and by cutting barriers, strengthening intellectual-
property protections and going beyond a web of existing trade deals, it should boost
world trade.
The creation of a wider TPP is still some way off. For it to come into being its
architects—Mr. Obama, who faces a tough election battle next year, and Japan’s
Yoshihiko Noda, who faces crony politics laced with passionate protectionism-need to
show more leadership.
Mr. Noda’s announcement on November 11th that Japan was interested in
joining the TPP negotiations was an exceedingly bold move. Signing up would mean
dramatic changes in Japan, a country which has 800％tariffs on rice and exports 65
vehicles to America for every one that is sent to Japan. Mr. Noda’s move could also
transform the prospects of the TPP, most obviously by uniting two of the world’s
leading three economies but also by galvanizing others. Until he expressed an
interest, Canada and Mexico had also remained on the sidelines. Unwittingly or not,
Mr. Noda has thrust mercantilist Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in
which free movement of everything except labor is on the table.
Immense obstacles loom for Mr. Noda. He came into office in September casting
himself as a conciliator of Japan’s warring political factions. Many of those groups
are opposed to the TPP. Farm co-operatives, which feather many a politician’s nest,
argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage. Doctors warn of the risks to
Japan’s cherished health system. Socialists see the TPP as a Washington-led
sideswipe at China, which had hoped to build an East Asian trade orbit including
Japan. Mr. Nora will have to contend not just with opposition from rival parties but
also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan.
Since Honolulu, Mr. Noda has already pandered to protectionists by watering
down his message. Having beamed next to Mr. Obama in a summit photo, he then
protested that the White House had overstated his intention to put all goods and
services up for negotiation. Polls, however, suggest the Japanese are crying out for
Leadership on the issue, not pusillanimity. More support the idea of entering TPP
negotiations than oppose it. On their behalf Mr. Noda should lead Japan forthrightly
into the discussions, confident that the country can bargain well enough to give its
sacred industries such as farming and health care time to adjust.
It is also a test for Mr. Obama’s new strategy of coping with China’s rise by
“pivoting” American foreign policy more towards Asia. He must stand up to the
unions in the car industry which have long bellyached about the imbalance of trade
with Japan. He should energetically promote the potential gains for jobs of his pro-
Asia strategy-both at home and abroad. America should also stress that the TPP is
meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it.Such steps would help win support in Japan, while costing America little. And in
joining the TPP, Japan would be forced to reform hidebound parts of its economy,
such as services, which would stimulate growth. A revitalized Japan would add to the
dynamism of a more liberalized Asia-Pacific region. That is surely something worth
fighting for.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A ： The members of the TPP produce 40％of world GDP-far more than the EU.
B ： The farming and health care industries in Japan could be affected by the TPP.
C ： The car industry in America has complained a lot about the trade with Japan.
D ： Before Mr. Noda announced Japan’s interest in joining the TPP, Canada and
Mexico were not actually involved in it.
正确答案： A
解析：
从文中第一段最后一句话“the possible members…”中可以看出，是潜在成员国而非
已有成员国。
82 、 不定项选择题
With thunderclouds looming over the trans-Atlantic economy, it was easy to miss a
bright piece of news last weekend from the other crucible of world trade, the Pacific
Rim. In Honolulu, where Barack Obama hosted a summit of Asia-Pacific leaders,
Canada, Japan and Mexico expressed interest in joining nine countries (America,
Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam) in
discussing a free-trade pact. Altogether, the possible members of the Trans-Pacific
Partnership(TPP) produce 40％ of world GDP—far more than the European Union.
Regional trade deals are not always a good idea. If they distract policymakers
from global trade liberalization, they are to be discouraged. But with the Doha round
of global trade talks showing no flicker of life, there is little danger that the TPP will
derail a broader agreement; and by cutting barriers, strengthening intellectual-
property protections and going beyond a web of existing trade deals, it should boost
world trade.
The creation of a wider TPP is still some way off. For it to come into being its
architects—Mr. Obama, who faces a tough election battle next year, and Japan’s
Yoshihiko Noda, who faces crony politics laced with passionate protectionism-need to
show more leadership.
Mr. Noda’s announcement on November 11th that Japan was interested in
joining the TPP negotiations was an exceedingly bold move. Signing up would mean
dramatic changes in Japan, a country which has 800％tariffs on rice and exports 65
vehicles to America for every one that is sent to Japan. Mr. Noda’s move could also
transform the prospects of the TPP, most obviously by uniting two of the world’s
leading three economies but also by galvanizing others. Until he expressed an
interest, Canada and Mexico had also remained on the sidelines. Unwittingly or not,
Mr. Noda has thrust mercantilist Japan into a central position on a trade treaty in
which free movement of everything except labor is on the table.
Immense obstacles loom for Mr. Noda. He came into office in September castinghimself as a conciliator of Japan’s warring political factions. Many of those groups
are opposed to the TPP. Farm co-operatives, which feather many a politician’s nest,
argue that it would rob Japan of its rice heritage. Doctors warn of the risks to
Japan’s cherished health system. Socialists see the TPP as a Washington-led
sideswipe at China, which had hoped to build an East Asian trade orbit including
Japan. Mr. Nora will have to contend not just with opposition from rival parties but
also with a split on the issue inside his Democratic Party of Japan.
Since Honolulu, Mr. Noda has already pandered to protectionists by watering
down his message. Having beamed next to Mr. Obama in a summit photo, he then
protested that the White House had overstated his intention to put all goods and
services up for negotiation. Polls, however, suggest the Japanese are crying out for
Leadership on the issue, not pusillanimity. More support the idea of entering TPP
negotiations than oppose it. On their behalf Mr. Noda should lead Japan forthrightly
into the discussions, confident that the country can bargain well enough to give its
sacred industries such as farming and health care time to adjust.
It is also a test for Mr. Obama’s new strategy of coping with China’s rise by
“pivoting” American foreign policy more towards Asia. He must stand up to the
unions in the car industry which have long bellyached about the imbalance of trade
with Japan. He should energetically promote the potential gains for jobs of his pro-
Asia strategy-both at home and abroad. America should also stress that the TPP is
meant to engage and incorporate China, rather than constrain it.
Such steps would help win support in Japan, while costing America little. And in
joining the TPP, Japan would be forced to reform hidebound parts of its economy,
such as services, which would stimulate growth. A revitalized Japan would add to the
dynamism of a more liberalized Asia-Pacific region. That is surely something worth
fighting for.
What should America do to win support in Japan?
A ： They should support the unions in the American car industry.
B ： They should increase the employment rate both at home and abroad.
C ： They should show their intention to incorporate China in the TPP.
D ： They should give. Japan sufficient time to reform the hidebound parts of its
economy.
正确答案： C
解析：
文章最后一段第一句话提到“Such steps would help win support in Japan”，由此可
以判断文章倒数第二段提到有哪些“steps”。从倒数第二段最后一句话中可以看到美国
需要强调TPP意在“engage and incorporate China”而不是“constrain it”。因此，C
选项正确。
83 、 不定项选择题
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed
achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in
dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary
camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. Fromthe beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of
Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as
having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by
most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the
scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and
distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic
effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most
suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot
to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By
juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could
control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the
reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a
plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and
experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become
standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological
and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the
crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus
exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian
novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its
range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included
not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such
novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social
issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of
American cinema. When he remade?Enoch Arden?in 1911, he insisted that a subject
of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel.
Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense
revolution. Two years later,?Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical
spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running
time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a
trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a
new intellectual respectability to the cinema.
The primary purpose of the passage is to _____.
A ： discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema
B ： document Griffith’s impact on the choice of subject matter in American films
C ： deplore the state of American cinema before the advent of Griffith
D ： analyze the changes in the cinema wrought by the introduction of the multi-reel
film
正确答案： A
解析：
通读文章可知，作者主要介绍了David W. Griffith对于电影事业的发展做出的贡献，包括
电影拍摄，剪辑以及电影题材的选择等方面，B项和D项只涉及了其中的一个方面，不够
全面，C项在文中没有提及，只有A项准确概括出了文章的主要目的。84 、 不定项选择题
When the television is good, nothing—not the theater, not the magazines, or
newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite
you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and
stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and
keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you
will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence,
audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,
blood and thunder, Mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen,
Western goodmen, private eyes, Gangsters, still more violence, and cartoons. And
endlessly, commercials that stream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom.
True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if
you think I exaggerate, try it.
Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge
the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the
children’s understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a
children’s news show explaining something about the world for them at their level
of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past,
teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children’s
shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and
more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see
whether you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard
so many hours each and every day.
There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You
will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a
symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes,
too—but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest.
We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated
or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a
test of what to broadcast. Yon are not only in show business: you are free to
communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wide range of
choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation’s
whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs. The people own the air. They own
it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o’clock in the morning. For every
hour that the people give you--you own them something. I intend to see that your
debt is paid with service.
The author believes that his tastes are _____.
A ： better than most people’s
B ： better than those of the television industry
C ： the same as most people
D ： better than the average children
正确答案： C
解析：
第三段，作者谈到在Western和symphony两者间选择时，作者相信大多数人会选择前者，
而作者自己也青睐Westerns and private eyes，随后又谈到虽然绝大部分人都喜欢娱乐，而不是被告知消息或接受激励，但电视节目也不应只迎合大众口味，而忽视整个国家的
需要。从中可得出，作者的品味和大众一样，只是自己能从更高层次认识到某些问题，
选项C正确。
85 、 不定项选择题
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed
achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in
dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary
camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From
the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of
Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as
having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by
most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the
scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and
distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic
effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most
suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot
to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By
juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could
control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the
reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a
plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and
experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become
standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological
and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the
crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus
exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian
novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its
range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included
not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such
novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social
issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of
American cinema. When he remade?Enoch Arden?in 1911, he insisted that a subject
of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel.
Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense
revolution. Two years later,?Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical
spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running
time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a
trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a
new intellectual respectability to the cinema.
The author asserts that Griffith introduced all of the following into American cinema
EXCEPT: _____.
A ： consideration of social issues
B ： adaptations from Tennyson
C ： the flashback and other editing techniquesD ： dramatic plots suggested by Victorian theater
正确答案： D
解析：
根据文章第三段第二句话：“His early output was remarkably eclectic……such
novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social
issues”可知，选项A和选项B都是正确的；第二段倒数第二句指出，“These included
the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration……”，因
此C项也正确；第二段最后一句提到Griffith借鉴了“Victorian novel”的创作技巧，并
不是“Victorian theater”，所以D不符合题干要求，选择D项。
86 、 不定项选择题
When the television is good, nothing—not the theater, not the magazines, or
newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite
you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and
stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and
keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you
will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence,
audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,
blood and thunder, Mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen,
Western goodmen, private eyes, Gangsters, still more violence, and cartoons. And
endlessly, commercials that stream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom.
True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if
you think I exaggerate, try it.
Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge
the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the
children’s understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a
children’s news show explaining something about the world for them at their level
of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past,
teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children’s
shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and
more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see
whether you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard
so many hours each and every day.
There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You
will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a
symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes,
too—but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest.
We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated
or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a
test of what to broadcast. Yon are not only in show business: you are free to
communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wide range of
choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation’s
whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs. The people own the air. They own
it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o’clock in the morning. For every
hour that the people give you--you own them something. I intend to see that your
debt is paid with service.It can be inferred from the passage in regard to television programming that the
author believes _____.
A ： the broadcasters are trying to do the right thing but are failing
B ： foreign countries are going to pattern their programs after ours
C ： the listeners do not necessarily know what is good for them
D ： six o’clock in the morning is too early for a television show
正确答案：
解析：
从第三段作者谈到的“虽然人们more often prefer to be entertained，而不是被告知消
息或接受激励，但电视节目也不应只迎合大众口味，而忽视the nation’s needs”，可
判断，作者认为许多观众可能不明白真正对他们有益的是什么，选项C正确。
87 、 不定项选择题
When the television is good, nothing—not the theater, not the magazines, or
newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite
you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and
stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and
keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you
will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence,
audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,
blood and thunder, Mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen,
Western goodmen, private eyes, Gangsters, still more violence, and cartoons. And
endlessly, commercials that stream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom.
True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if
you think I exaggerate, try it.
Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge
the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the
children’s understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a
children’s news show explaining something about the world for them at their level
of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past,
teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children’s
shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and
more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see
whether you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard
so many hours each and every day.
There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You
will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a
symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes,
too—but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest.
We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated
or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a
test of what to broadcast. Yon are not only in show business: you are free to
communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wide range of
choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation’s
whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs. The people own the air. They ownit as much in prime evening time as they do at six o’clock in the morning. For every
hour that the people give you--you own them something. I intend to see that your
debt is paid with service.
The statement that “the people own the air” implies that _____.
A ： citizens have the right to insist on worthwhile television programs
B ： television should be socialized to cater to the nation’s whims
C ： the government may build above present structures
D ： the people own nothing, for air is worthless
正确答案： A
解析：
第三段结尾部分，作者提到“the people own the air”，随后指出“无论是在夜晚的精
华时段还是清晨，人们都拥有the air，因此广播公司每一时刻由于占用the air，都owe
people something”，最后，作者指出广播公司偿还的方式是搞好服务，由此可判断，
作者强调人们拥有天空，是暗示人们有权要求有意义的电视节目的播放，选项A正确。
88 、 不定项选择题
This is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in
Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In
America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised,
and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with
Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists
in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls
“national suicide”.
This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical
economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries’
borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door
should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of Diasporas, and
the contribution they can make to a country’s economic growth.
Diaspora networks-of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others-have always been
a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made
them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-
generation migrants around the world: that’s 3％of the world’s population. If they
were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people
living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are
scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have
always been found in surprising places-Lebanese in West Africa, Japanese in Brazil
and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance-but they have been joined by newer ones, such
as west Africans in southern China.
These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across
borders. They speed the flow of information. Trust matters, especially in emerging
markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. And
modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of
business.
Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world’s brightestminds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking
with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore
bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China’s technology
industry is dominated by “sea turtles” (Chinese who have lived abroad and
returned.
Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to
their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home
country. A Harvard Business School study shows that, American companies that
employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a
joint venture with a local firm.
Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards
immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two
(mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they
are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder
for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile. The first is
usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than
indigenous people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies
do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages
of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.
Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The
sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely
to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs
productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University
showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America’s population, they
founded a quarter of the country’s technology and engineering firms. And, by
linking the West with emerging markets, Diasporas help rich countries to plug into
fast-growing economies.
Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears
that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The
prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all
subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to
set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20％of their
university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.
The word “Diaspora” in this passage means _____.
A ： the movement of the Jewish people away from their own country to live and
work in other countries
B ： the movement of people from any nation or group away from their own country
C ： any group that has been dispersed outside its traditional homeland
D ： a dispersion of an originally homogeneous entity, such as a language or culture
正确答案： B
解析：
词义推断题。文中第三段讲到“Diaspora”是潜在的“economic force”，接着讲到由
于交通便宜便捷，“Diaspora”的数量日益增加。之后指出第一代“immigrants”人数
超过巴西人口，并给出例子说在国外的中国人数量多；印度人分散在世界各地；西非聚
集着黎巴嫩人，巴西聚集着日本人，巴塔哥尼亚聚集着威尔士人，中国南方有西非人聚
集，这些都表明“Diaspora”与“migration”同义，即the movement of persons fromone country or locality to another。因此正确答案选B。
89 、 不定项选择题
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance
of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation
at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass
through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated
from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into
space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions
from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The
surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass
of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning
of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise
in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human
society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a
function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃ can be observed at an altitude
of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level),
the temperature increases by about 6℃ per kilometer approaching the Earth’s
surface, where the average temperature is about 15℃. An increase in the amount of
carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb
infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation
increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One
mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would
raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃: This model assumes that the
atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases
with altitude at a rate of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative
humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient
absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more
moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more
infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surface.
The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice,
reducing the Earth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed,
leading to a further increase in temperature.
According to the passage, the greatest part of the solar energy that reaches the Earth
is _____.
A ： reflected back to space by snow and ice
B ： concentrated at visible wavelengths
C ： absorbed by carbon dioxide molecules
D ： absorbed by atmospheric water vapor正确答案： B
解析：
根据文章第一段第二句可知，“these molecules allow radiation at visible
wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through”，
由此可以推断选项B是正确的。
90 、 不定项选择题
For the executive producer of a network nightly news programme, the workday often
begins at midnight as mine did during seven years with ABC’s evening newscast.
The first order of business was a call to the assignment desk for a pre-
bedtime?rundownof latest developments.
The assignment desk operates 24 hours a day, staffed by editors who move
crews, correspondents and equipment to the scene of events. Assignment-desk
editors ate logistics experts; they have to know plane schedules, satellite availability,
and whom to get in touch with at local stations and overseas broadcasting systems.
They are required to assess stories as they break on the wire services—sometimes
even before they do - and to decide how much effort to make to cover those stories.
When the United States was going to appeal to arms against Iraq, the number of
correspondents and crews was constantly evaluated. Based on reports from the field
and also upon the skilled judgments of desk editors in New York City, the right
number of personnel was kept on the alert. The rest were allowed to continue
working throughout the world, in America and Iraq ready to move but not tied down
by false alarms.
The studio staff of ABC’s “World News Tonight” assembles at 9 a.m. to
prepare for the 6:30 “air” p.m. deadline. Overnight dispatches from outlying
bureaus and press services are read. There are phone conversations with the
broadcast’s staff producers in domestic bureaus and with the London bureau
senior producer, who coordinates overseas coverage. A pattern emerges for the
day’s news, a pattern outlined in the executive producer’s first lineup. The lineup
tells the staff what stories are scheduled; what the priorities are for processing film of
editing tape; what scripts need to be written; what commercials ate scheduled; how
long stories should run and in what order. Without a lineup, there would be chaos.
Each story’s relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by
the executive producer. Cutting back satellite booking to save money might mean
that an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an
event. A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down, but
there is not enough money to do everything. So decisions must be made and made
rapidly—because delay can mean a missed connection for shipping tape or access to
a satellite blocked by a competitor.
The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style. The audience has to be
allowed to breathe between periods of intense excitement. A vivid pictorial report
followed by less exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on information that
has just flashed by. Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one film
or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement. Ideally, leading and
lags to stories are worked out with field correspondents, enabling them to fit their
reports into the programme’s narrative flow so the audience’s attention does not
wander and more substance is absorbed.Scripts are constantly rewritten to blend well with incoming pictures. Good copy
is crisp, informative. Our rule: the fewer words the better. If a picture can do the
work, let it.
What does the word “rundown” (Line 3, Para. 1) possibly mean?
A ： The rehearsal of tomorrow’s programme.
B ： A working report or summary to his superior or head.
C ： An explanation of the programme.
D ： Preparation for the programme.
正确答案： B
解析：
词义推断题。监制人工作的第一项就是要听一个最近工作进展情况的汇报。选项B正确。
91 、 不定项选择题
It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises
from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There
are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First,
there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,
there is the program target—people in the market segment with the “best fit”
characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a
few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the
program audience—all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program
without regard to whether they need or want the product
These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where
customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such
customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for
example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such
as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling
(marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified,
and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program
target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.
Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are
many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small
percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment
group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial
differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with all
the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer
goods is rare, and mass marketing—a marketing approach that aims at a wide
audience—remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are
few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the
program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for
products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.
The passage suggests which of the following about highly specialized trade media?
A ： They should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.B ： They can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are not
part of the program target.
C ： They are used only for very expensive products.
D ： They are rarely used in the implementation of marketing programs for industrial
products.
正确答案： B
解析：
由文章第二段，…highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the
program target…可知，高度特定化的媒体是针对有购买意向的特定人群的。故选B。
92 、 不定项选择题
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our
life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and
operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which
scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general
characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if
one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance
with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a
musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science
as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some
sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to
accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world,
or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science.
We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes
and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It
will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science
and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In
addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views
and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the
scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent
years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the
scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in
all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and
make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution,
however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male
nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias,
we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible
and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being
ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in
treating half of the human equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our
approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we
shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science
as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.According to this passage, _____.
A ： English is a sexist language
B ： only in this scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly
C ： women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our
language
D ： male nouns or pronouns should not used to refer to scientists
正确答案： D
解析：
文章第三段明确指出科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界
的贡献，所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界，因而这本书adopted the policy of
using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible。选项D为正确答案。
93 、 不定项选择题
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our
life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and
operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which
scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general
characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if
one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance
with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a
musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science
as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some
sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to
accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world,
or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science.
We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes
and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It
will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science
and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In
addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views
and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the
scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent
years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the
scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in
all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and
make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution,
however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male
nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias,
we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible
and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being
ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in
treating half of the human equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Ourapproach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we
shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science
as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because
_____.
A ： it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science
B ： science affects almost every aspect of our life
C ： scientists live in a specific substructure
D ： it is easier to understand general characteristics of science
正确答案： B
解析：
由第一段第二句可知。人们需要对其结构和运作有所了解，因为科学touches almost
every facet of our life，也就是选项B的内容。
94 、 不定项选择题
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balance
of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation
at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass
through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated
from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into
space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions
from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The
surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass
of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning
of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise
in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human
society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a
function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃ can be observed at an altitude
of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level),
the temperature increases by about 6℃ per kilometer approaching the Earth’s
surface, where the average temperature is about 15℃. An increase in the amount of
carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb
infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation
increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One
mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would
raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃: This model assumes that the
atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases
with altitude at a rate of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative
humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficientabsorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more
moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more
infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surface.
The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice,
reducing the Earth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed,
leading to a further increase in temperature.
It can be concluded from information contained in the passage that the average
temperature at an altitude of 1 kilometer above the Earth is about _____.
A ： 15℃
B ： 9℃
C ： 2.5℃
D ： -12℃
正确答案： B
解析：
根据文中第三段第一句的信息：“Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃
can be observed at an altitude of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this
altitude (called the radiating level), the temperature increases by about 6℃ per
kilometer approaching the Earth’s surface where the average temperature is about
15℃”可以推断，海拔一千米处的平均气温大约为12℃以下，选项B 9℃最接近，因此
选择B项。
95 、 不定项选择题
For the executive producer of a network nightly news programme, the workday often
begins at midnight as mine did during seven years with ABC’s evening newscast.
The first order of business was a call to the assignment desk for a pre-
bedtime?rundownof latest developments.
The assignment desk operates 24 hours a day, staffed by editors who move
crews, correspondents and equipment to the scene of events. Assignment-desk
editors ate logistics experts; they have to know plane schedules, satellite availability,
and whom to get in touch with at local stations and overseas broadcasting systems.
They are required to assess stories as they break on the wire services—sometimes
even before they do - and to decide how much effort to make to cover those stories.
When the United States was going to appeal to arms against Iraq, the number of
correspondents and crews was constantly evaluated. Based on reports from the field
and also upon the skilled judgments of desk editors in New York City, the right
number of personnel was kept on the alert. The rest were allowed to continue
working throughout the world, in America and Iraq ready to move but not tied down
by false alarms.
The studio staff of ABC’s “World News Tonight” assembles at 9 a.m. to
prepare for the 6:30 “air” p.m. deadline. Overnight dispatches from outlying
bureaus and press services are read. There are phone conversations with the
broadcast’s staff producers in domestic bureaus and with the London bureau
senior producer, who coordinates overseas coverage. A pattern emerges for theday’s news, a pattern outlined in the executive producer’s first lineup. The lineup
tells the staff what stories are scheduled; what the priorities are for processing film of
editing tape; what scripts need to be written; what commercials ate scheduled; how
long stories should run and in what order. Without a lineup, there would be chaos.
Each story’s relative value in dollars and cents must be continually assessed by
the executive producer. Cutting back satellite booking to save money might mean
that an explanation delivered by an anchor person will replace actual photos of an
event. A decline in live coverage could send viewers away and drive ratings down, but
there is not enough money to do everything. So decisions must be made and made
rapidly—because delay can mean a missed connection for shipping tape or access to
a satellite blocked by a competitor.
The broadcasts themselves require pacing and style. The audience has to be
allowed to breathe between periods of intense excitement. A vivid pictorial report
followed by less exacting materials allows the viewer to reflect on information that
has just flashed by. Frequent switches from one anchor to another or from one film
or tape report to another create a sense of forward movement. Ideally, leading and
lags to stories are worked out with field correspondents, enabling them to fit their
reports into the programme’s narrative flow so the audience’s attention does not
wander and more substance is absorbed.
Scripts are constantly rewritten to blend well with incoming pictures. Good copy
is crisp, informative. Our rule: the fewer words the better. If a picture can do the
work, let it.
What is the text mainly about?
A ： Ways to cut down the cost of the coverage,
B ： How to make the report more attractive.
C ： To describe the work of the executive producer.
D ： To introduce the style and features of the news programme.
正确答案： C
解析：
第一段第一句提到“监制人的工作从半夜就要开始”，然后下文又具体介绍了监制人的
职责，所以文章主要是描述了监制人的工作情况，选C。
96 、 不定项选择题
It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises
from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There
are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First,
there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,
there is the program target—people in the market segment with the “best fit”
characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a
few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the
program audience—all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program
without regard to whether they need or want the product
These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where
customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Suchcustomers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for
example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such
as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling
(marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified,
and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program
target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.
Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are
many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small
percentage of potential sales. Rarely do members of a particular market segment
group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial
differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics. Even with all
the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer
goods is rare, and mass marketing—a marketing approach that aims at a wide
audience—remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are
few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the
program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for
products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.
The author mentions “trousers” in paragraph 1 most likely in order to _____.
A ： make a comparison between the program target and the program audience
B ： emphasize the similarities between the market segment and the program target
C ： provide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by a
marketing program
D ： clarify the distinction between the market segment and the program target
正确答案： D
解析：
“Lots of people may need trousers,”指的是“market segment”；“a few qualify
as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers.”指的是“program target”。
97 、 不定项选择题
Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed
achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in
dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary
camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From
the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of
Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as
having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by
most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the
scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and
distance. His appreciation of the camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic
effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most
suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot
to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By
juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he couldcontrol the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the
reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a
plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and
experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become
standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological
and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the
crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus
exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian
novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema’s language, Griffith immensely broadened its
range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic: it included
not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such
novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social
issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of
American cinema. When he remade?Enoch Arden?in 1911, he insisted that a subject
of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel.
Griffith’s introduction of the American-made multi-reel picture began an immense
revolution. Two years later,?Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historicophilosophical
spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour’s running
time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a
trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a
new intellectual respectability to the cinema.
The author suggests that Griffith’s film innovations had a direct effect on all of the
following EXCEPT: _____.
A ： film editing
B ： camera work
C ： scene composing
D ： sound editing
正确答案： D
解析：
A项在文中第二段有所体现，即“Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of
creative editing”；B、C两项均能从第一段找到对应，如“His appreciation of the
camera’s possibilities produced novel dramatic effects”；只有D项，作者没有在文
中提及。
98 、 不定项选择题
When the television is good, nothing—not the theater, not the magazines, or
newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite
you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and
stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and
keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you
will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence,
audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,
blood and thunder, Mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen,Western goodmen, private eyes, Gangsters, still more violence, and cartoons. And
endlessly, commercials that stream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom.
True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if
you think I exaggerate, try it.
Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge
the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the
children’s understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a
children’s news show explaining something about the world for them at their level
of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past,
teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children’s
shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and
more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see
whether you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard
so many hours each and every day.
There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You
will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a
symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes,
too—but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest.
We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated
or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a
test of what to broadcast. Yon are not only in show business: you are free to
communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wide range of
choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation’s
whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs. The people own the air. They own
it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o’clock in the morning. For every
hour that the people give you--you own them something. I intend to see that your
debt is paid with service.
The author’s attitude toward television can best be described as _____.
A ： sullenness at defeat
B ： reconciliation with the broadcasters
C ： righteous indignation
D ： determination to prevail
正确答案： C
解析：
从第一段作者对电视节目的描述“wasteland”，第二段作者对其进行的一系列置疑“Is
there no room…”，以及第三段，作者列举的电视节目的职责和义务等，可判断作者
对目前的电视节目感到愤慨。选项C正确。
99 、 不定项选择题
When the television is good, nothing—not the theater, not the magazines, or
newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite
you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and
stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and
keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that youwill observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence,
audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,
blood and thunder, Mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen,
Western goodmen, private eyes, Gangsters, still more violence, and cartoons. And
endlessly, commercials that stream and cajole and offend. And most of all, boredom.
True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if
you think I exaggerate, try it.
Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge
the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the
children’s understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a
children’s news show explaining something about the world for them at their level
of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past,
teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children’s
shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and
more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see
whether you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guard
so many hours each and every day.
There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You
will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a
symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes,
too—but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest.
We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated
or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a
test of what to broadcast. Yon are not only in show business: you are free to
communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wide range of
choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation’s
whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs. The people own the air. They own
it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o’clock in the morning. For every
hour that the people give you--you own them something. I intend to see that your
debt is paid with service.
Concerning programs for children, it may be inferred that the author believes that
such programs should _____.
A ： include no cartoons at all
B ： include ones which provide culture
C ： be presented only in the morning
D ： be presented without commercials
正确答案： B
解析：
第二段，作者谈到了自己对儿童节目的见解，文中指出节目应该“提高孩子能
力”，“加深对其他国家儿童的了解”，“向他们解释世界”，以及“教授伟大的文学
作品和自由传统等知识”，这些涉及到文化教育范畴，选项B正确。
100 、 不定项选择题
The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect the heat balanceof the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation
at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass
through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated
from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into
space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions
from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The
surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass
of ice.
Today, however, the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. The burning
of fossil fuels and the clearing of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
by about 15 percent in the last hundred years, and we continue to add carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise
in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human
society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a
function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably yes.
Under present conditions a temperature of -18℃ can be observed at an altitude
of 5 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level),
the temperature increases by about 6℃ per kilometer approaching the Earth’s
surface, where the average temperature is about 15℃. An increase in the amount of
carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon dioxide to absorb
infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation
increases, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One
mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would
raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5℃: This model assumes that the
atmosphere’s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases
with altitude at a rate of 6.5℃ per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative
humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient
absorber of radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more
moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more
infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth’s surface.
The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice,
reducing the Earth’s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed,
leading to a further increase in temperature.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the last hundred years?
A ： Fossil fuels were burned for the first time.
B ： Greater amounts of land were cleared than at any time before.
C ： The average temperature at the Earth’s surface has become 2℃ cooler.
D ： The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased measurably.
正确答案： D
解析：
文中第二段第二句表明，过去100年间，矿物燃料的燃烧和森林的砍伐使大气中二氧化
碳的含量增加了大约15%，而且我们不断地向大气中排放二氧化碳，由此可以推断，A、
B两项表述均不准确；由于大气中的二氧化碳在不断增加，因此地表温度只会升高，而
不是降低，C项错误；因此只有D项符合文章大意。
