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2023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语 (二) 试题
Section I Use of Engl i
sh
Directions: Read the following text Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and
mark
A,B,CorDon the ANSWER SHEET (10 points).
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO
of a small business, and though you’re making a nice 1 , you need to find away to takeit to the
next level. What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team
is
made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the
power
Let’s look at a real- world 4. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company
of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.
B i tTorrent had 50 empl oy ees working in the 5 departments of engi neeri ng, marketi ng
and
product dev el opment. This brought them good results unti l 2012, when their growth
plateaued.
The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And
7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.
T hi ngs changed, 8 ,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9
a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at
engineering
issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn’t due to a
quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.
A rmed wi th thi s 12 , the marketi ng and engi neeri ng teams j oi ned f orces to
rai se
But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong l eader. It needs
awareness by promi nentl y 13 the premi um versi on to users of the f ree v ersi on.
1so4meone who can 15 the i nterdi sci pl i nary team and keep them on course for i mprov
ement.
upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.
This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17
of
these goals.The growth l eader is al so 18 for keepi ng the team f ocused on movi ng f orward
and
steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team
leader
must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back
1. A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet
burner.
2. A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate
3. A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially
4. A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example
5. A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional
6. A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem
7. A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides
8. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again
9. A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed
10. A. cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal
11. A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease
12. A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight
13. A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring
14. A. As a result B. At any rate C. By theway D. In a sense
15. A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose
16. A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden
17. A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment
18. A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable
19. A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless
20. A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter
Section II Reading of comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1
①In the quest for the perfect l awn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut -
and it is the environment that is paying the price. ② About eight million square metres of pl
asti c
grass is sold each y ear but opposition has now spread to the hi ghest gardening ci rcl es.
③The
Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of
its ethos.④The Royal Horti cul tural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west
London,
①EdHorne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake
says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment
agnradss is j ust not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. ②We recommend using real
grass
bi odi versi ty.
because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and
cooling the environment.”
①A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the green-wash” of artificial grass, already
has more than 20, 000 f ol l owers.② It is try i ng to encourage peopl e to si gn two peti ti
ons, one
calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on
such lawns.③They have gathered 7,276 and 11, 282 signatures.
①However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact
with
natural l awns, whi ch need mowi ng and theref ore usual l y consume el ectri ci ty or petrol .
②The
industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or
other
treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.③ The industry al
so ①In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered
30,000
claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their
gsiagrndaetnu,res, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.
whic ① h pItr oadviddeeds: “hWabei taptre ffoerr tion sheecltps .people and organizations make the right choice rather than
legislating on such matters.② However the use of arti f i ci al grass must comply with the
legal and
policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while
measures
21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass ______.
such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to
cons[idAe]r is harmful to the environment
susta[iBn]a bilse aal theornt attoivpeisc. ”in gardening circles
[C] is overpraised in the annual show
[D] is ruining the view of west London
22. The petitions mentioned inParagraph 3 reveal the campaigners’______.
[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use
[C] anger over the proposed tax
[D] concern about real grass supply
23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out ______.
[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass
[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass
[C] the way to take care of arti f i ci al l awns
[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection
24. What would the government do with regard to artificial gr ass?
[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.
[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.
[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.
[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives
24. What would the government do with regard to artificial gr ass?
[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.
[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.
[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.
[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives
25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass
______.
[A] is being improved continuously
[B] has seen a market share decline
[C] is becoming increasingly affordable
[D] has been a controversial product
Text 2
①It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronic
funding gap of our national parks.② Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon
deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at
Sequoia
Nati onal Park?
①But the government is ri ght about one thi ng: U.S. nati onal parks are in cri si
s.②
Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion.③Roads, trails,
restrooms,
visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.①But pri vati zi ng and commerci al i zi ng the campgrounds woul d not be a cure-
all.②
Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall i nf rastructure backl og, and businesses in the
parks
hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.
①Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why
300 million vi si tors come to the parks each year: to enj oy nature and get a break f rom
the ①The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.②A n
economic
commerci al drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.
survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of
money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.③Some 81% of respondents
said
they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the
natio①naTl he national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as pl aces to escape and
as
parks.
symbols of nature.②On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational
programs,
their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our
cultural
and artistic life, and of course through tourism. ③The parks also help keepAmerica’s past alive,
work①ingT hwei tpha rthksou dsoan adlsl tohfi ls o ocanl aju srhisodeicsttrioinngs. a②roCuonndg trheses caolu ln torcya tteos pornolte yc t$ h3is btoilrliicoanl sai tyeesa arn tdo
to the
bnaritni go nthale psatrokri essy sotef mth—esaen p alamceosu ntto tlhifaet. has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars)
with
the ex cepti on of a oneti me boost in 2009.③Meanwhi l e, the number of annual vi si tors
has
incre[aAs]e dD ebcyl inmeo roef tbhuasnin e5s0s% p rsoinfictse. 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.
26. w[Bh]a Itn padroebquleamte acroem Um.eSr.c inaalitziaotnioanl. parks faced with ?
[C] Lack of transportati on servi ces.
[D] poorly maintained infrastructure.
27. Increased privatization of the campgrounds may____.
[A] spoi l visitor experience
[B] help preserve nature
[C] bring operational pressure
[D] boost visits to parks28. According to paragraph 5 most respondents in the survey would____.
[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis
[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks
[C] agree to pay extra for the national parks
[D] support the national parks' receive reforms
29. The national parks are valuable in that they____.
[A] lead the way in tourism
[B] have historical si gni f i cance
[C] sponsor research on climate
[D] provide an income for the locals
30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_ _ _
_ .
[A] is able to cope with staff shortages
[B] is able to meet visitors’ demands
[C] is in need of a new pricing
policy
[D] is in need of a funding increase
Text 3
①The Internet may be changi ng merel y what we remember, not our capacity to do so,
suggests Col umbi a Uni v ersi ty psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.② In 2011, Sparrow led
a
study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich's eye is
bigger than its brain,” for example). ③Half of the participants were told the information would be
erased, while the other half were told it would be saved.④Guess what? The latter group made
no
effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it
on
their computers. ⑤In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information
and
the folders it was stored in. ⑥T hey didn't remember the information, but they remembered
h①oIwn a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,
to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adopting to new
communications technology,” Sparrow says.a process known as “cognitive offloading.”② Tradi ti onal l y, this role was fulfilled by data banks,
l i brari es, and other humans.③ Your father may never remember birthdays because your
mother
does, for instance.④ Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow
sees an upside.⑤ Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a
focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking
something
that is not avai l abl e on the Internet. ⑥“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual
value in memorizing things,” Sparrow says, adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.
①Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.
②T here is no ex peri mental ev i dence showi ng that it i nterf eres wi th our abili ty to f
ocus, for
instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J. Si mons.③ And surfing the web
ex erci sed the brai n more than readi ng did among computer- sav v y ol der adul ts in a 2008
study①“There
may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I’d have to
involvi ng 24 parti ci pants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavi or at
imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology
the
professor Benjamin Storm. ②“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing
University of California, Los Angeles.
for the better? At this point, we don't know.”
31. Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will____.
[A] analyze information in detail
[B] collect information efficiently
[C] switch its focus of memory
[D] extend its memory duration
32. The process of “cognitive offloading” ____.
[A] helps us identify false information
[B] keeps our memory from failing
[C] Enables us to classify trivial f acts
[D] lessens our memory burdens
33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?
[A] It may reform our learning approach
[B] It may impact our society negatively
[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thi nki ng
34. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains_ _ _
_ .
[A] requires further academic research
[B] is most studied in older adults
[C] is reflected in our reading speed
[D] depends on our web-surfing habits
35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that____.
[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly
[B] the Internet is weakening our memory
[C] memory exercise is a must for our brains
[D] our ability to focus declines with age
Text 4
①Teenagers are paradoxical. ②That's a mild and detached wave of saving something that
parents often express with considerably stronger language.③But the paradox is scientific as well
as personal. In adolescence.④ helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown ups
for
just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help
① A new study publ i shed in the j ournal Child Dev el opment, by Eve line Crone of
each
the
other. ⑤At the same time once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-
University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers
tgaokers.
hand in hand.②The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.③For a long
time,
scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that
needed
to be solved, The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as
risk.
①The researchers studied “prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and
young adults ranging from 11 to 28 years old. ②The participants filled out questionnaires
about
①Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager
how aonfdten they did things that were altruistic and positive.③ Like sacrificing their own
interests
then fades away as you grow older.②But the new study shows that. interestingly, the same
tpoa thteerlnp a friend, on rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.hol ds for prosocial behav i or. ③Teenagers were more likely than younger chi l dren or adul ts
to
report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
①Most si gni f i cantl y, there was a posi ti ve correl ati on between prosoci al i
ty and
rebel l i ousness.② The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help
others.
①Is there some common f actor that underl i es these apparently contradictory
③The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
dev el opments?②One i dea is that teenage behav i or is rel ated to what researchers cal l
"reward
sensi ti vi ty." ③Deci si on- maki ng al ways i nvol ves bal anci ng rewards and risks, benef
i ts and
costs.④ "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
①Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game, impressing a new
friend, getting that boy to notice you.②Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-
taking,
seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. ③Somehow, when you hit 30,
the 36. According to Paragraph, children growing into adolescence tend to____.
chan[cAe] tdheavt esloomp eotphpinogs iteex cpietirnsgon aanlidty nterawit swill happen at that party just doesn't seem to outweigh
the e[Bffo] rste oef t hgeet twinogr du pin o affn t huen rceoausocnha.ble way
[C] have fond memories of their past
[D] show affection for their parents
37. It can be learned from 2 that Crone's study____.
[A] explores teenagers' social responsi bi l i ti es
[B] examines teenagers' emotional probl ems
[C] provides a new insight into adolescence
[D] highlights negative adolescent behavior
38. What does crone's study find about prosocial behavior?
[A] It results from the wish to cooperate
[B] It is cultivated through education
[C] It is subject to family influence
[D] It tends to peak in adolescence
39. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers____.
[A] over-stress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recogni ti on
[C] Become anxious about their future
[D] Endeavor to live a joyful life
40. What is the text mainly about____.
[A] Why teenagers are self-contradictory.
[B] Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
[C] How teenagers develop prosociality.
[D] How teenagers become independent
Part B
Directions: Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column
to
its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right
column.
Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring
Mark your answerson theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
New building regulations aimed at improving energy eff i ci ency are set to increase the
price
of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.
The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans
to
reduce the UK's carbon emi ssi ons to net zero by 2050. T hey set new standards for
ventilation,
The mov es are the most si gni f i cant change to bui l di ng regul ati ons in years, and
energy eff i ci ency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging
industry
points
experts say they will i nevi tabl y lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials
for electric vehicles.
and
Bri an Berry, chi ef ex ecuti v e of the Federation of Master Bui l ders, say s the measures
high labour costs are already driving up bills.
will
require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “All this comes at an
increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have
to
Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their
pay more,”he says.
home, will be directly affected. “The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he explains.
“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows
or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on
the
amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.
T homas Goodman, of My J obQuote, say s thi s will bri ng in new restri cti
ons for
extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor
area to prevent heat loss,” he says.
As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file
plans
j ust bef ore the deadl i ne. Any pl ans submi tted bef ore that date are considered to be under
the
previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.
Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go
Materi al s pri ces are al ready up 25% in the l ast two years. How much ov eral l pri ces
back
will
and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator.
increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “Whilst admirable in their intentions, they will
add to the cost of housebui l di ng at a ti me when many al ready f eel that they are pri ced
out of
homeownership,” says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers. “An
average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”
John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will ev entual l y
come
down. But not in the immediate future. As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements,
and
the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring
costs
down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition.” he says.
However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-
efficient
homes, adds Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects.“ Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over
time in energy bill sav i ngs. It will obvi ousl y be very volatile at the moment, but they will
hav e
that benefit over time.”A. The rise of home prices is a temporary matter.
41. Brian Berry B. Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of thei r
projects.
42. Gareth Belsham C. T here will be speci f i c limits on home ex tensi
ons to
prevent heat loss.
43. Marcus Jefford D. The new rul es will take home prices to an ev en hi
gher
level.
44. John Kelly E. Many peopl e f eel that home pri ces are al ready
beyond
what they can afford.
45. Andrew Mellor F.The new rules will affect people whose home extensions
include new windows or doors.
G. The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translationon the
ANSWER
SHEET(15 points)
In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.
And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the
wonders
of the natural worl d.
Poetry is powerf ul . Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another
world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases,
poems
can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.
No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,
even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely
related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems
really come to life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too,
because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions ：An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and your friend David asks you
which
one he should go to. Write him an email to
1) make a suggestion, and
2) give your reason(s)
Write your answer in about 100 words on theA NSWER SHEET
Do not use your own name in your email, use “Li Ming” instead.( 10 points)
Pa
48
W
1) describe and interpret the chart and
2) give your comments.
Write your answer in about 150 words on theA NSWER SHEET.( 15 points)
