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2023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语 (二) 试题
Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points).
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO
of a small business, and though you’re making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the
next level. What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is
made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power
of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.
Let’s look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company
BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and
product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued.
The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And
7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.
Things changed, 8 ,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9
a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering
issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn’t due to a
quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.
Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise
awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14
upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.
But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs
someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.
This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of
these goals.The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and
steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader
must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back
burner.
1. A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet
2. A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate
3. A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially
4. A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example
5. A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional
6. A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem
7. A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides
8. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again
9. A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed
10. A. cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal
11. A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease
12. A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight
13. A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring
14. A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense
15. A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose
16. A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden
17. A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment
18. A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable
19. A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless
20. A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter
Section II Reading of comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1
①In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut -
and it is the environment that is paying the price. ② About eight million square metres of plastic
grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. ③The
Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of
its ethos. ④The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London,
says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and
biodiversity.
①Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake
grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. ②We recommend using real grass
because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and
cooling the environment.”
①A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the green-wash” of artificial grass, already
has more than 20, 000 followers.② It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one
calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on
such lawns. ③They have gathered 7,276 and 11, 282 signatures.
①However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with
natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. ②The
industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other
treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.③ The industry also
claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden,
which provides habitat for insects.
①In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000
signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.
①It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than
legislating on such matters.② However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and
policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures
such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider
sustainable alternatives.”
21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass ______.
[A] is harmful to the environment
[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles
[C] is overpraised in the annual show
[D] is ruining the view of west London
22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’______.
[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use
[C] anger over the proposed tax
[D] concern about real grass supply
23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out ______.
[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass
[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass
[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns
[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection
24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?
[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.
[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.
[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.
[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives
24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?
[A] Urge legislation to restrict its use.
[B] Take measures to guarantee its quality.
[C] Remind its users to obey existing rules.
[D] Replace it with sustainable alternatives
25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass ______.
[A] is being improved continuously
[B] has seen a market share decline
[C] is becoming increasingly affordable
[D] has been a controversial product
Text 2
①It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government’s ideas for plugging the chronic
funding gap of our national parks.② Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon
deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia
National Park?
①But the government is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis.②
Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. ③Roads, trails, restrooms,
visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.①But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all.②
Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and businesses in the parks
hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.
①Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why
300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a break from the
commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.
①The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.②An economic
survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of
money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. ③Some 81% of respondents said
they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national
parks.
①The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as
symbols of nature.②On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs,
their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural
and artistic life, and of course through tourism. ③The parks also help keep America’s past alive,
working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to
bring the stories of these places to life.
①The parks do all this on a shoestring. ②Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the
national park system—an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with
the exception of a onetime boost in 2009.③Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has
increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.
26. what problem are U.S. national parks faced with ?
[A] Decline of business profits.
[B] Inadequate commercialization.
[C] Lack of transportation services.
[D] poorly maintained infrastructure.
27. Increased privatization of the campgrounds may____.
[A] spoil visitor experience
[B] help preserve nature
[C] bring operational pressure
[D] boost visits to parks28. According to paragraph 5 most respondents in the survey would____.
[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis
[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks
[C] agree to pay extra for the national parks
[D] support the national parks' receive reforms
29. The national parks are valuable in that they____.
[A] lead the way in tourism
[B] have historical significance
[C] sponsor research on climate
[D] provide an income for the locals
30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system____.
[A] is able to cope with staff shortages
[B] is able to meet visitors’ demands
[C] is in need of a new pricing policy
[D] is in need of a funding increase
Text 3
①The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so,
suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.② In 2011, Sparrow led a
study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich's eye is
bigger than its brain,” for example). ③Half of the participants were told the information would be
erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. ④Guess what? The latter group made no
effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on
their computers. ⑤In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and
the folders it was stored in. ⑥They didn't remember the information, but they remembered how
to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adopting to new
communications technology,” Sparrow says.
①In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as “cognitive offloading.”② Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks,
libraries, and other humans.③ Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother
does, for instance.④ Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow
sees an upside.⑤ Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a
focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something
that is not available on the Internet. ⑥“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual
value in memorizing things,” Sparrow says, adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.
①Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.
②There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for
instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J. Simons.③ And surfing the web
exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study
involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the
University of California, Los Angeles.
①“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I’d have to
imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology
professor Benjamin Storm. ②“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing
for the better? At this point, we don't know.”
31. Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will____.
[A] analyze information in detail
[B] collect information efficiently
[C] switch its focus of memory
[D] extend its memory duration
32. The process of “cognitive offloading” ____.
[A] helps us identify false information
[B] keeps our memory from failing
[C] Enables us to classify trivial facts
[D] lessens our memory burdens
33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?
[A] It may reform our learning approach
[B] It may impact our society negatively
[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking
34. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains____.
[A] requires further academic research
[B] is most studied in older adults
[C] is reflected in our reading speed
[D] depends on our web-surfing habits
35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that____.
[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly
[B] the Internet is weakening our memory
[C] memory exercise is a must for our brains
[D] our ability to focus declines with age
Text 4
①Teenagers are paradoxical. ②That's a mild and detached wave of saving something that
parents often express with considerably stronger language. ③But the paradox is scientific as well
as personal. In adolescence.④ helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown ups for
just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each
other. ⑤At the same time once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-
takers.
① A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eve line Crone of the
University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go
hand in hand. ②The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. ③For a long time,
scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed
to be solved, The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
①The researchers studied “prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and
young adults ranging from 11 to 28 years old. ②The participants filled out questionnaires about
how often they did things that were altruistic and positive.③ Like sacrificing their own interests
to help a friend, on rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
①Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and
then fades away as you grow older. ②But the new study shows that. interestingly, the same patternholds for prosocial behavior. ③Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to
report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
①Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and
rebelliousness.② The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others.
③The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
①Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory
developments?②One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call "reward
sensitivity." ③Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and
costs.④ "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
①Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game, impressing a new
friend, getting that boy to notice you. ②Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking,
seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. ③Somehow, when you hit 30, the
chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn't seem to outweigh
the effort of getting up off the couch.
36. According to Paragraph, children growing into adolescence tend to____.
[A] develop opposite personality traits
[B] see the word in an unreasonable way
[C] have fond memories of their past
[D] show affection for their parents
37. It can be learned from 2 that Crone's study____.
[A] explores teenagers' social responsibilities
[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems
[C] provides a new insight into adolescence
[D] highlights negative adolescent behavior
38. What does crone's study find about prosocial behavior?
[A] It results from the wish to cooperate
[B] It is cultivated through education
[C] It is subject to family influence
[D] It tends to peak in adolescence
39. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers____.
[A] over-stress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition
[C] Become anxious about their future
[D] Endeavor to live a joyful life
40. What is the text mainly about____.
[A] Why teenagers are self-contradictory.
[B] Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
[C] How teenagers develop prosociality.
[D] How teenagers become independent
Part B
Directions: Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to
its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column.
Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring
New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price
of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.
The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to
reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation,
energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points
for electric vehicles.
The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry
experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and
high labour costs are already driving up bills.
Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, says the measures will
require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “All this comes at an
increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to
pay more,”he says.
Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their
home, will be directly affected. “The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he explains.
“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows
or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the
amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.
Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, says this will bring in new restrictions for
extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor
area to prevent heat loss,” he says.
As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans
just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the
previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.
Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back
and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator.
Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years. How much overall prices will
increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “Whilst admirable in their intentions, they will
add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of
homeownership,” says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers. “An
average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”
John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come
down. But not in the immediate future. As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and
the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs
down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition.” he says.
However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient
homes, adds Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects.“ Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over
time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have
that benefit over time.”A. The rise of home prices is a temporary matter.
41. Brian Berry B. Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their
projects.
42. Gareth Belsham C. There will be specific limits on home extensions to
prevent heat loss.
43. Marcus Jefford D. The new rules will take home prices to an even higher
level.
44. John Kelly E. Many people feel that home prices are already beyond
what they can afford.
45. Andrew Mellor F.The new rules will affect people whose home extensions
include new windows or doors.
G. The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET (15 points)
In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.
And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders
of the natural world.
Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another
world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems
can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.
No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,
even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely
related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems
really come to life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too,
because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions：An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and your friend David asks you which
one he should go to. Write him an email to
1) make a suggestion, and
2) give your reason(s)
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET
Do not use your own name in your email, use “Li Ming” instead.( 10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) describe and interpret the chart and
2) give your comments.
Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 15 points)
