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前 言
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<专八改错》是根据最新版的(高校英语专业八级考试大纲》的指导并参照 < 高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲>
的要求编写而成。本书立足于历年英语专业八级改错真题,旨在帮助考生快速、高效地备考专八考试中的改错题,
其特色如下:
1. 12个改错技巧,轻松应对考试
专八改错是很多考生最害怕的一种题型,涉及语篇、语法和间汇等语言知识,全面考査考生综合运用英语的能
力。本书归纳12个改错技巧,以历年真题为例,对每个考点进行系统梳理和总结,详细剖析,帮助考生积累经验,确
保在考场上发挥自己应有的水平。如:
技巧2
改错短文有些句子较长,结构复杂,常常会出现句子成分冗余或残缺的错误。因此考生答题时,可以从动词入手,找
出句中所有的动词,区分出谓语动词和非谓语动同,进而确定主从句的主干(主语、谓语动同、宾语或补语)和修饰成分
(定语、状语、同位语)是否有误。
【真题例证6】
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that language
was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible ⑺
gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as
literal as possible...
分析:第7独中的the view translation was impossible gained some currency里出现两个谓语动词,不符语法规
则。按照句意“做好翮i?是不可能的这种观点有些市场”来看,translation was impossible应为对the view
内容的说明,是它的同位语从句。而同位语从句的引导词that不能省略,所以应在view后加that,第8题中的if
was attempted at all,if引导的条件状语从句中没有主语,不符语法规则。此外,根据上下文,此分句的主语应与
主句的主语it 一致,即translation,意为“如果要尝试翻if的话,就必须尽可能直译”。当状语从句中的主语与主句
主语一致,且从句的谓语动词是be动词时,从句的主语和be动词可同时省略,故此处应把was刪掉
2. 100条句子改错训练,全面击破考点
为了让考生能更快更好地适应改错题型,本书编者根据由浅人深、循序渐进的学习规律,特别设置了 100条句
子改错训练,让考生在单个的句子中找出存在着的词汇错误、语法错误或语篇错误,仍然沿用考试中涉及到的•‘增
添”、“ _ 除”或“改变其中的某一个单词或短语”这三种改错形式。通过句子改错训练,考生可以巩固所学的技巧,对
各种考点有更深刻的理解。3. 100篇标准改错训练,快速拔高考分
编者对历年专八改错试题进行了深人研究,为考生精心编写了 100篇标准改错训练,无论是选材、长度或是题
目的难易度都与真题高度贴近,这有助于增强考生的题感,拔高考生的应试能力。每篇改错后面均附“文章大意”和
“答案详解”,帮助考生透彻地理解文章,通过详尽的解析掌握并领悟每道题的解题关键。
4. 1500个语境词汇,有效扩大词汇量
做好改错的关键之一是看慷改错短文,而词汇往往是其中一大障碍。本书每一篇标准改错训练都归纳T 语境词
汇,考生可通过语境有效积累同汇M,巩固基础。如:
r
rage /reidj/ n• 愤 怒 idleness /aidlnis/ fi.闲 散
emerge /iVn3:d3/ W• 出 现 feverish /^varij/ a .狂 热 的
语 spawn /spo:n/ v .产 生 reveal /riviil/ vt.
境
peculiar /pi'kju:lid/ 〇• 奇 怪 的 discipline /’disiplin/ ;>• 训 练
词
汇 multitasking /.mAltitaskir]/ n• 多 重 任 务 处 理 frazzled /’fraezld/ a .疲 患 的
irritability /.iritabiliti/ /i. 易 怒 dependency /di'pendansi/ n. 依 赖
rejuvenate /ri'd3U:vineit/ v .使 恢 复 精 神 creativity /J,make是从句的奶语,先行词the ways在从句中应充4 状语,所以第7 题应在关系代
• 4 •第一章短文改错考试指南
词which的前面添加介词比, 主句的谓语动词是include,宾语为四个并列的短语,其中两个是名词短语,另
外两个应该都是动名词短语。所以第8题应把eliminate改为与giving并列的动名词形式eliminating
【真题例证8】
There is no material in any language today or in the earliest
records of ancient languages shows us language in a new and ⑵
emerging state. ...
分析:本句含有两个谓语动词:is和shows。主干是there be结构,故谓语动词是is;动词shows的逻辑主语是
no material,可以改成非谓语形式的showing,作后黄定语修饰material,也可以在shows的前面加上连
词that,使之成为定语从句的谓语动词。
技巧3
改错短文中,上下文往往会有信息词提示动词的时态是否有误。另外,注意以下句型跟某种时态有特定的对应
关系:
1. 在宾语从句中,若主句为现在时、将来时、现在完成时,宾语从句的谓语动词时态视情况而定;主句为过去
时态,宾语从句一般用过去时态。如果宾语从句说明的是客观真理,用一般现在时。
2. 在时间和条件状语从句中,常用现在时表示将来。
3. 在 if 引导的非真实条件句中,或在由 otherwise, without, or, but for, but that, given, provided, were
it not for等引导的含蓄条件句中,主句谓语动词笛使用虚拟语气,即表过去时用would/should/could/might+
have done,表现在和将来时用 would/should/could/might+do。
4. 表示建议、命令、要求、主张、應望等主观倾向性槪念的动词、名词(如advise, suggest^ suggestion^ order,
recommend, propose, proposal, ask, command, insist, demand, desire, beg, require, propose, urge,
decide, determine等),其后的名词性从句需用虚拟语气,形式是“should+动词原形",should可以省略,
5. 在“It is (about/high) time that...”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时.that可以省略
6. 在This/That/It is the second time that..句型中that从句用现在完成时,若is改为was,则用过去完成
时。
7. 在no sooner... than...和hardly... when...句型中,前面常用过去完成时,than/when后的句子用一般过去
时。
8.在 was/were about to do... when".或 was/were doing…when…或 was/were on the point of doing…
when...句型中,when分句的谓语动词用一般过去时。
【真题例证9】
century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers
favoured a certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the
sense not the words; the message rather than the form; the matter not
the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4)
wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then at the turn of the 19th
centuiy, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
分析:考点所在句子中的定语从句用的是一般过去时,而主句谓语动词用的是一般现在时,不符合一个句子中时态
应保持一致的语法规则3 再者,从上下文来看,这个句子讲述的是19世纪之前作家们的情况,上下句中使用
的都是过去时,所以此处应把谓语动词is改为它的过去式was。
• 5 •专八改错
[真题例证10】
is something that we almost always know. We begin the “natural"
learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or
write, and in oiir early years we went on unconsciously imitating and ⑹
practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours
every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult
English spelling...
分析:该句的上下文使川的都是一般现在时,所以尽管此处意思上是说过去小时候(in our early years)的班,但
是以一种客观的iff气说一个客观的现象和唭实,须用一般现在时,故要把went改为go ,
【真题例证111
The English language will be just as rich in terms for ⑻ <
different kinds of snow if the environments in which English
was habitually used made such distinctions important.
分析:本句是说如果英语惯常的使用环境也把K 分1 的种类变得很要的话,英语中有关“霄”的词语也会变得同
样丰富= 这是一个非真实条件句,应将will改为would。
【真题例证12】
human infants, a capacity to learn
language. For this reason, biologists now
suggest that language be “species specific” to
⑻
the human race; that is to say, they consider
the human infant to be genetically programmed in
分析:这里的suggest不应指“违议”,而是指“提出(看法等)”,与下文that is to say之后的consider间义,因此
不能使用虚拟语气,故耑把be改成一般现在时的is
1321区分动词的及物与不及物
改错短文中,如果错误行的句子结构没有问题,很可能是词汇用法有错。对于动间,则需要辨别及物与不及物。
如果是及物动词,应直接接宾语;如果是不及物动词,则不能接宾语,需要加上介词后再接宾语。
【真题例证13】
gained some currency, and with it that, if attempted at all, it must be as
literal as possible. This view culminated the statements of the
⑼
extreme ^literalists" Walter Bei\jamin and Vladimir Nabokov.
分析:culminate是不及物动词,后面总是带有介词in,意思是“以……达到高峰/T贞点;终于"。此句意思是这种观点
S 充分地体现在两位极端“直译家”的话中。
【真题例证14】
more precise and subtle than English. This example does
not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected ⑹
“primitiveness” •…
分析:该句意为“这个1ff例并没柯揭谣出英语语言的缺陷”,主语是This example,宾语为a defect,谓语动词为
come to light**...为 人 所 知 而 come to light相当于be brought to light,为不及物动词短语,后面不
• 6 •第一章短文改错考试指南
另接宾语,所以应将come改成及物动间bring« 短语bring... to light意为“揭露,将 ……曝光”。
5
【真题例证15】
whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the
fundamental difference between these noises and language proper.
分析:emphasize是及物动词,可直接接宾语,故要删掉介词on。名词emphasis可与on搭配使用
技巧5
英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示(逻辑)主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示(逻辑)
主语是动作的承受者。现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。对于改错行中出现的动词或分词,考生除了要区分谓语
动词和非谓语动同,还要弄清楚其主语或逻辑主语是什么,从而判断语态是否使用正确
【真题例证丨6】
“empty” words as opposed to the “full" words of vocabulary. But
this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. Although a ⑷
分析:misled为过去分词,表示“被误导的”,而此处指一种相当令人产生误解的方式,所以应该把misled改成表示
主动的现在分词或形容词misleading“使人产生误解的”。
【真题例证17】
A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year—much steeper than the current, very
low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of
a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common (i)
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that
分析:invest使用的是现在分词形式,语法上的逻辑主语是university endowments ,但 invest与university
endowments应为动宾关系,university endowments是动作的承受者,因此用衣示被动意义的invested (被
投资)》
【真题例证18】
special committees set up for a specific purpose,
or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)
分析:consist of是一个固定短语,表示“由……组成”,逻辑主语是joint committees,不能使用表被动的过去分
同,需改成表主动的现在分词consisting of
技巧6
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有独立的词义,但它用在名词的前面,可帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的
冠词有三种,一种是定冠同the,另一种是不定冠词a/an,还有一种是零冠词。冠词的基本用法如下:
1.类指与特指
类指/泛指 特指
(1) a/an+可数名词单数,如:a book, an apple (1 )the+可数名词单数/复数,如:the book⑻,the
(2) 零冠词+可数名词复数,如:books, apples apple(s)
(3) 零冠词+不可数名词,如:water, sugar (2)the+不可数名词,如:the water, the sugar
(4) 定冠词+形容词,泛指一类人或事物,如:the old专八改错
2. 不定冠词a/an只与单数可数名词连用,用于:
第一次提及;泛指某人、某物或地方;某一类人或某事物中的任何一个;用在事物的度tt单位前,如时间、速度、
价格等,表示“每一……”。
3. 以下情况耑使用定冠词:
世上独有的事物;方位;前文提到的事物;说话语境中明确的事物;最高级以及序数词修饰的事物;山、河、湖、
海、楼、塔、沙漠;含有普通名词构成的专有名同等等。
4. 以下场合一般不用冠同:
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前;节假日、星期、月份、季节前;疾病名称前;头衔前;球类运动前;泛指的三餐
前;by引导的交通T.具前;某些独立结构的名词前;“普通名词+as”引导的让步状语从句的普通名词前;名间前有
one, no, eadv every, either, neither, some,any, this, thatj these, those, which 或名词所有格修饰时。
5. 使用定冠词与零冠词的不同含义:
在 bed, church, college, court, hospital,market, office, prison, sea, school, table 等名词前,如果带定
冠词或不定冠词则表示该名词所表示的处所;若不带冠词,则表示该处所的功能。
【真题例证19】
century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language ⑹
was entirely the product of culture, the view that translation was impossible
分析:按句意“语言完全是文化的产物”,该行的language泛指抽象的“语言",是不可数名词,而非特指某一特定语
言,因此the language中X 删掉定冠词the。
【真题例证20】
I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on the either side, ⑷
and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I
分析:either在此处表示“任一的",修饰名词side时无须加定冠词the。
【真题例证21】
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo
language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of
motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part (10)
of the Eskimos, life.
分析:本句的意思是说如果汽车制造或板球运动成为爱斯基摩人生活的一部分,那么爱斯基摩语在讨论这些话题
时也会有可能变得一样粘确、细微:part of才是指某物的一部分,强调的是部分;the part虽指某个部分,但
强调的是具体特指的某个部分,因此X 要删除the。
【真题例证22】
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference (i)
between school lore and nursery lore. ...
分析:前一部分说明了两种学习(lore)之间的“更进一步的差异”,即下文提到的二者在传播方式上的差异。此处是
第一次提及这种差异,故要把定冠词the改成不定冠词a。
【真题例证23】
vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). Yet these are
(10)
among most striking of human achievements.
• 8 •第一章短文改错考试指南
分析:形容间M 高级most striking的前面应该加the
【真题例证24】
... The rise in tuitions
may reflect the fact that economic uncertainty increases the demand for
education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing (5)
income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate- and
professional-school tuition); ...
分析:in school是固定搭配,表示“上学”,ifii in the school表示“在某一个特定的学校里”。上文提到,学费上涨可
能反映出这样一个事实:经济的不确定件增加了教育的:求。W 此本句中的schoo丨逻辑上应指上学,故应删
去定冠词the。
【真题例证25】
birth rate to a twentieth century high after more than a hundred
years of a steady decline, producing the Mbaby boom." These young ⑵
adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large
分析:decline指“下降”,为不可数名间,旦前面有时间修饰语a hundred yeare of,故耑》^decline的限定词a。
技巧7 判断介词搭配是否有误
如果错误行含有介词,则往往要注意排杏介间是否误用。介词搭配大都诚于习惯用法,所以平时的积累很i:
要„ 以下为历年考试中出现过的介词搭配。
on average 平均 the turn of the century在世纪之交时 stick to // hold on to 坚持
in the end终于,最后 the end of sth.在...的最后 on the grounds of 以...理由
only to不料,结果却 a/ sb.’s disposal供某人使用/支配 irrespective 〇/ 不管,不賴
be cm one’s feet 站起来 give discounts to sb•给某人折扣 af risk在危险中
care /or/fl6ow£ 在乎,照顾 to a certain/great extent在某种/很大程度上 as opposed to 而非
in danger处于危险中 be conscious/unconscious 〇/ 有/无意识的 get to one’s feet 站起来
feeling 怀着...感情 on a(n)... occasion 在...时候
【真题例证26】
such cries than we find in English. It is true that the absence
of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in other grounds
⑹
too the theory is not very attractive.
分析:与grounds搭配的介间为on,而非in on other grounds意为“以其他理由”。
【真题例证27】
tx> the way in which these words should be arranged to convey a particular
message; the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a (3)
set of grammatical rules which enable him to communicate his
分析:该行要表达的意思是,说英语的人有fl己使用的词汇tt和一套语法规则 disposal应与at搭配,at sb.’s
disposal表示“供某人使用/支配”
• 9 •专八改错
1 3 2 0 判断代词是否有误
专八改错短文中,如果错误行出现代词,答题时可从如下几个方面着手:
1. 确保物主代词的指代一致,B卩代词与所指代的名词在单复数、所有格方面应保持••致。
2. 指示代词:前iffl提到的Ml that/those,后面将谈到的用this/these; that和those 〇了作定语从句的先行词,但
this和these不能;同时,ft作先行丨司时,只冇those可指人。
3. it ril在句中作形式主语或形式宾语,(fi丨this或that不能用作形式主语或形式宾语。
4. 反身代词:如果动作的接受者与施动者一致,则耑耍使用反身代词。
5. 不定代词要注意修饰名词时主谓一致,表示肯定或否定,修饰可数、不可数等问题,
6. 如果错误行含有定语从句,则需考虑关系代词是否使用正确先行词为不定代词、序数同、M 高级等修饰
时,或者既有人乂有物时,关系代词用that不用which
【真题例证28】
between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt
in early childhood, is not usually passed on again until the little listener
has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)
分析:本题所在的分句主语是上一•行的the little listener,谓语动词has grown up和has也用了单数形式,故本
行中their own在指代的中数h有问题要把their改作his(现代英语中也可改作her)。
【真题例证29】
The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting
it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground ⑷
分析:结合上一行,本句句意为,学龄前学习一首儿歌并传承下去的时期可能是从20年到70年之间的一个时间
段,something表示"某唞;大约”,用在句中不合适,需改成anything,表示“在限定范围内的任何一点上”。
1 3 3 1 判断词性是否误用
分析句子结构可以判断词性是否有错。词性误用中,形容同和副词的误用是考査得M 多的。
【真题例证30】
between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground
rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or ⑺
even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over
分析:此句意为“若某个游乐场上的儿歌一迕流行上百年”,表示“流行”应用形容词current,此处用形容词current
作to have been的表语
【真题例证31】
The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation. (2) _
分析:形容词favorite应由副W increasingly修饰,以表示“越来越受欢迎的” 故需把形容词increasing改成副i司
increasingly
【真题例证32】
the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a higher rate
and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts. (5)
分析:从词性和词义来看,本题应使用形容同修饰counterparts,故需把Europe改成European。
• 10 •第一章短文改错考试指南
判断比较结构是否有误
专八改错中常考的比较结构有:as... as, more... than, the more... the more和the most如果错误行出现
比较结构的标志性间汇,则要判断K 使用是否正确3 需要注意的是并非所有的最卨级前都要用the,当most表示
“很,非常”的意思时,不是极高级,不需要用the来限定。
【真题例证33】
complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that
is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other (1)
t» say the things its speakers want to say.
分析:本句的意思是“每种语言都可以il:使用苦说出他们想耍表达的内容”,即任何一种语言都与其他语言一样具
备这种功能,故应采用be as well equipped as的形式,即在well前添加as,构成同级比较
【真题例证34】
the fault of their language. The Eskimos, it is said, can speak
about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we (5)
can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language
分析:本句是指爱斯基摩语对于$ 的描述比英语更精确、更细致,此处的further本身也是比较级,不能用来修饰比
较级,应改作much或far用来加强比较的程度,或删除further
【真题例证35】
... His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active
ly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he grows
old, as a result of education and experience.
⑹
分析:grow old意为“变老”。此处应表示“随着年龄增大”,应当说成“as he grows older”。
【真题例证•%】
Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who
⑹
formed families between 1940 and 1960 also reduced tiie
divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to
分析:表示“同 等 耍 ”的equally significant应删除中间的more,否则,逻糾上语义不通W 此,前酣虽然出现了比
较级“Less noted...",后面的more仍耍刪去。
【真题例证37】
...A rough and ready difference which may
seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have "less (i)
meaning", and in fact some grammarians have called them
分析:该行所在的上下文没冇出现比较对象,W 此most Jf•不表示A 级,而是一个修饰形容同obvious的程度副
词,意即“非常,很'故前面不X the
ES3 D 排查名词、动词单复数的问题
专八改错中对名词语法点的考杳较少,主耍集中在可数与不可数,单数与复数的K 分方面
• 11 •专八改错
1.有些名词既可作可数,也可作不可数:
glass玻璃一a glass玻璃杯/ glasses眼镜 necessity 必要性一a necessity 必需品
copper 铜一a copper 铜币 beauty 美一a beauty 美人
paper纸一a paper报纸,论文 pleasure商兴一a pleasure使人愉快的事
iron 铁一an iron 资斗 youth齊春一a youth年轻人
wood木头_a wood树林 relation 关系一a relation 亲戚
gold 金一a gold 金牌 power力量一a power大国
democracy 民主一a democracy 民主国家 interest 兴趣一interests 利益
agony痛苦一an agony令人痛苦的If business 商业一a business 商店,商行
kindness 善意 一a kindness 善行 experience 经验一an experience 经历
2. 下列特殊情况中,谓语动词使用单数:
(1) 当主语由and连接,表示同一人,同一物,同一事或者同一槪念时,此时and连接的两个词前只有一个
冠词,谓语动词用单数。
(2) 由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a(n), no时,谓语动词用单数。
(3) each, every, each and every, either, neither, one, another, little, a little 和 much 作主语或修饰
主语时,谓语动间永远用单数。
(4) everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something,
no one, nobody, nothing作主语时,谓语动同丨H单数形式。
(5) 当主语中心词为度M 、距离、时间、价格等复数名词时。
(6) 当主语由more than one...或many a...构成时,尽管从总义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。
3. 下列情况,谓语动词根据主语的意义选择单数或复数:
(1) 集体名词作主语时,表示整体时视为单数,表示成员时视为a 数。常见的有:army, audience, class,
club, committee, crowd, family, government, group ^ 〇
(2) 有些名词作主语时,谓语动词需要根据具体的意思确定用单数还是复数,比如politics表示“政治学”用
单数,表示“人际关系”用复数;statistics作“统计学”讲时用单数,表示“统计数据”时用复数等、
(3) none, some, any, more, most, all等代词作主语时,动词的中复数丨h其指代的词的单S{数决定。
(4) 在定语从句中,若引导词在从句中充当主语,谓语的数要跟先行词一致〇
4. 下列情况,谓语动词根据就近原则选择单复数:
(1) 当or,either... or, neither... nor, not only... but also连接两个以上主语时,谓语动间与iii邻近的主
语保持一致。
(2) 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语乂不止一个时,谓ift通常也和M 邻近的主语一致。
【真题例证38】
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
therefore represent one important tool available to lawmakers
to inform the citizemy and to arouse public interests in national issues. ⑼
分析:根据arouse“唤起”,可知其后搭配的interests“利益,塥利”不对。要改成不可数名N interest,表示"兴趣"。
【真题例证39】
These give the concentrations on three main pollutants—ozone, (10)
nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide...
分析:concentration既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,作可数名词意为“人或物的集中、聚集或集合”;作
不可数名词,意为“注意力集中于”。在本题中,用法为后者。故需把concentrations改成concentration。
• 12 •第一章短文改错考试指南
【真题例证40】
message; the English speaker has at his disposal a vocabulary and a
set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his ⑷
thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to other English speakers.
分析:enables是定语从句中的谓语动词,因为先行词grammatical rules是复数,因此,应该用enable ,
【真题例证41】
When a human infant is bom into any
community in any part of the world it has
two things in common with any other infant, provided
neither of them have been damaged in any way (2)
either before or during birth. ...
分析:provided所引导的句子中,主语是neither,其后的谓语动间要用单数,故要把have改成has
t a a a 判断词义表达是否准确
专八改错对词汇的考査非常多,错误行若没有语法错误,则有可能是某些易混间或近义词使用有误,造成词义
不准确,甚至相反。确定词义,往往:要结合篇章及上下文。
【真题例证42】
I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I (2)
was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to
settle down and write books.
分析:结合上下文,便可发现that从句的内容并不属于“良心,良知(conscience)”的范畴错误所在句的意思岳“我
虽然一度放弃了当作家的梦想……但却清解地意识到我迟早会成为作家”,因而conscience应改为表示“意
识,知觉”的 consciousness
【真题例证43】
and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I
was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which (5) _
made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child’s habit
of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and
⑹
I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the
⑺ _
feeling of being isolated and undervalued. ...
分析:第5题disagreeing总思是“有分歧,不赞成”,不能作为前肾定修饰名间mannerisms(言行举止)。表达H
行举止粗钭无礼时应使用disagreeable
第6题imaginative指“(人)想象力丰富的”,而此处所表达的意思是“我和其他孤独的孩子一样,习惯编造故
車,与想象中的人物对话”,故应改用imaginaiy‘想象的”。
第7题丨iteral意思是“本义的,原义的”,而literary的意思是“文学的”。上下文中所表达的意思是“我在文学
上的志向和抱负”,应为literary (ambitions)
【真题例证441
... The position is simply and obviously that
the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. (7)
.13专八改错
分析:爱斯坫嘹人和英丨人的生活环境明Si不同,且environments也是H 数形式,故应将similar改成different
【真题例证45】
In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is
“the chair-grasp”. Host and guest have been talking
for some time, but now the host has an appointment
to keep and can get away. His urge to go is (i) _
held in check by his desire not tx> be rude to his guest
分析:依据上文的but和这一行的urge“强烈愿望”等,可知这一分句应表示“现在主人有一个约会,必须离开”,故
这1 不应使川表示“能力”的can,而要改成表示“必须”的情态动词must
第三节l 高频词汇
一、近义易混词辨析
1. 表示"动”的名词
move:••移动;步骤”,如:Laura made a move toward the door.劳拉朝门口走去.,
movement:“运动,动作",如:the civi丨 rights movement 民权运动
2. 表示"生命,生活"的名词
life:“生命”,与整个人生经历有关make a life指在某处找工作、 家庭等。
livings生活,生计”,较多是关于生活上的物质X 要,如X 要多少钱等make/earn a living“谋生”,指所干的丁.
作能供给生活所X 的物 品 living还可用作形容词,意为“活着的;逼真的”。
3. 表示“身份”的名词
identity:指一个人的身份,包括姓名、出生年月日、住址、锫贯、职业等信息
status:指人在社会群体中的“身份;地位”,如:social status社会地位
4. 表示“比率"的名词
rate:指部分相对整体形成的比率
ratio:指两个数值之间的比值,该词所涉及的两个比较项必须同时出现
5. 表示“回答"的名词
answer:为常用词,指用书面、口头或行动对他人的问题、请求或要求等进行的“冋答,答复",如:I asked her
the time but she gave no answer.我问她时间,可娃她没回答
reply:是较正式用词,较少用于口 ift,表示经过考虑后对具体问题较正式的“答ST,如:make (no) reply (不)
作答复
response:多用于正式文体,表示以口头或行动对外来的要求、号召等做出的冋答或响应,如:no response to
our call for help对我们的求援没有反应
6. 表示"方法’’的名词
approach:指解决问题的“方式,方法”,常后接介词to,如:an approach to the problem解决问题的方法
means:指为达到某种(3的或S 标而采用的“方式,手段”,与“目的(end)”相对,常后接介同of.如:the
quickest means of travel M 快的交通 1.:具
method:指A 体的,打系统性、逻辑性和理论依据的“方法,办法” 如:the teaching method教学法
7. 表示"升高;引起,激起”的动词
raise:及物动间,意为“举,使升高;提A;抚养”,如:raise my hand举起我的手
rise:不及物动词,意为“升高;起身”,如:rise up升高
arise:不及物动间,意为“发生,出现;(from)(由..)引起;起床”,如:Accidents usually arise from carelessness.
• 14 •第一章短文改错考试指南
事故的发生往往由疏忽大意而引起。
arouse:及物动同,意为“激起;唤醒",如:arouse interest/anger引起兴趣/激起愤怒
8. 表示"变短,减少”的动词
shorten:44(使)变短,缩短”,如时间、长度等如:The days are shortening now.现 在 天变得越来越短广
lessen:“(使)降低,(使)减少”,如R 寸、数W:、iE要性或价值等如:lessen the risk of heart disease降低心
脏病的风险
minimize:“减到最小(少)”,如:minimize traffic problems最大限度地减少交通问题
9. 表示“保证”的动词
assure:以十分肯定的语气“向……保证(某事一定会发生)”,隐含解除某人心中疑虑的含义,常用于assure
sb. that...或 assure sb. of sth.结构
ensure:表示“确保,保证”某种行为或结果一定会发生,隐含在实际行动上做出担保的含义,常用于ensure sb.
sth.或 ensure that…结构
insure:表示“保证"时与ensure通用;该词通常表示“给...保险",常用于insure sb./sth. against...结构
10. 表示"奖励”的动词
award:指官方或某组织机构根据有关规定把钱财等焚项颁发给某人。如:be awarded the Nobel Prize被
授予诺贝尔奖
reward:通常指因做/某車或提供了某种服务而应得到冋报或报酬如:be rewarded by success获得了成功
11. 表示“参加”的动词
attend:指参加会议、出席典礼等,也可以指上(学)、听演讲或汫座等,如:attend (at) a wedding出席婚礼
join:既町指“加入”某个组织,如:join the army参军;也可指“参加”某项活动,如:join in a game参加游戏
participate:正式用词,强凋l:j他人共同参加某种活动,后接介同in再接表示活动的名词,如:participate in
the English party参加英语晚会
12. 表示“恳求”的动词
appeal:表示“恳切地请求”,同时带有“呼吁”的意思,常用于appeal (to sb.) for sth.结构
beg:指“恳求”得到某物或“乞求”某人做某事,语气非常迫切,常用于beg sb. to do sth.结构
13. 表示“反对,反抗”的动词
oppose:为普通词,可表不同程度的反抗,如:oppose violence and war反对暴力和战争
defy:表示“公然违抗、反抗”,带有搜视的含义.如:defy the authority挑衅权威
protest:指通过口头或书面,有理有据地严正“抗议,(对...)提出异议",如:protest his innocence声言他
无罪
14. 表示“吸收”的动词
absorb:本义指一种物质“吸收”另一种物质(如光、热、液体等),引申为吸收知识等抽象槪念的东西
digest:指在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收,引申为领悟、消化知识等
15. 表示“介绍”的动词
acquaint:常表示与某人相识且有来往,尽管关系未必密切;还可指“使了解”原本陌生的朿物,常用于~ sb.
with sth.结构
introduce:指当面或通过书信将一人“介绍”给另外的人,使之互相认识,常用于〜sb. (to sb.)结构
recommend:指“推荐、介绍”具衍一定特色或品质的人或物,如:recommend a film推荐一部电影
16. 表示“组成”的动词
comprise:既可表示“整体包括……部分”,也可以表示“……部分构成整体”,be comprised of表示“整体由
...构成”,如:The house comprises ten rooms.这所培子包括10个培间D
consist:主语通常为一个整体,of后接构成整体的部分,如:The book consists of ten chapters. 这本书有
10章。
constitute:表示“部分构成幣体”,用于主动结构,如:Seven days constitute a week. 7 天姐成一周
• 15 •@ 专 八 改 错
17. 表示“替代”的动词
replace:尤指以新的取代旧的、坏的、丢失的或不能再发挥作用的人或物,带有长期地、永久地代替的含义,
如:replace coal by/with gas用煤气代转煤作燃料
substitute:指替代某人或某物,往往带有只是哲时代替的意味,常用于substitute A for B(用A 代替B)结构
18. 表示"闪烁"的动词
flare:.®为“(火焰)闪權'尤指在黑暗中或者从即将熄灭的火中突然射出亮光或火焰
flash:指權眼的光突然地、短暂地“闪烁",如闪电
19. 表示“相信,信任"的动词
believe:普通用词,常表示一种缓和、不太肯定的口气,与in搭配
trust:指绝对相信或信赖某人
confide:侧® 忠诚可箱与可信赖,与to搭配
rely:指在相信的》础上可进一步依® , # ® 可锅性,与on, upon搭配
20. 表示“战胜"的动词
conquer:强调“把对方征服",而且被征服# 或被丨iF.服的国家为征服者所有,可以任意支配
overcome:多指“战胜”外在的闲难或“克服”自身的缺点等
21. 表示"延长”的动词
prolong:及物动㈤,多指将时间延长到正常限度之外。如:The delegation decided to prolong their visit
by one week.代表团决定把访问延长一个星期。
stretch:表示空间(如道路、原野等)的延伸,绵延;或表示时间的延长,常后接介词over。如:The forests
stretch for hundreds of miles. 森林缔延数 W 英里。
22.表示"与……相比"的动词短语
compare with:.0:思是“与……相比即把两件唭物进行比较,从中找出它们的异同,这两件亊物一般是同类的
compare... to:表示“把……比作”,即把两件唞物相比较,发现某些相似之处,这两件車物本质上往往是截然
不同的
23. 【一言辨异】imaginary, imaginative
Anything imaginary is the products of an imaginative person’s mind•任何通构的东西都是有想象力的
人的思想产物。
注总:imaginative指“(人)富有想象力的”,强调一种能力;imaginary意为“虚构的";imaginable意为“可想象的”。
24. 表示"单一"的形容词
single:“单一的:单身的”,如:There was not a single person in sight. 目光所及之处一个人都没有
sole:“单独的,唯一的;独有的”,强调独一无二,仅用于名词前,如:the sole American in the room房间里
唯一的一位美国人
25. 表示"完全,全部”的形容词
total: •‘完全的;总计的”,如:total amount总M
full:“完整的,全面的;全部的”,如:full name/authority全名/全权
26. 同根词 historical, historic
historical:历史的,修饰的人或都是过去的真人真7Jt
historic:具冇觅大历史意义的,用来修饰一些重大的、有特殊历史意义的人或事
27. 同根词 economic,economical
economic: “经济的,经济上的”;还可作名词,意为“丨-si经济学”
economical: “节约的,宵钱的”
28. 同根词 healthy, healthful
healthy: “健康的”,如:a healthy baby boy —个健康的男嬰
• 16 •第一章短文改错考试指南
healthful: “有益健康的”,如:healthful mountain air有益健康的山区空气
29• 【一言辨异】continuous, continual
I’ve been working for 14 continuous hours and got so tired, but still there are continual
interruptions.我连续工作14小时,已经感到很疲愈了,但仍不断有人来打扰我。
注意:continuous指某事连续发生,中间无间歇;continual指有间歇性的连续,常指恼人的连续。
30. 同根词 respectable, respectful
respectable:"(行为、外观等)可敬的,体面的,正派的;相当好的”,如:Let’s make you look a bit more
respectable before you go out.让我们把你打扮得更体面些你再出去。
respectful:"有礼貌的,恭敬的”,如:We always try to be respectful of each other’s preferences•我们
总是尽力饵重彼此的喜好。
31. 表示“空”的形容词
blank:指空白的,指表面无字、无标记或留有空内处供填写之用。如:a blank page空白的一页
hollow:指空洞的,中心空的,空虚的。如:a hollow tree trunk中空的树干
vacant:指地方或职位没有人占据的。如a vacant position空缺的职位
32. 表示“基本,初级”的形容词
elementary:表示问题浅显简易,指在学习中人门性的、简单易懂的原理;没有“首要的”之义
primary:不注重亊物的难易程度,而表示事物的先后顺序,指事物的早期发展阶段;意为“主要的”、“首要的”
曰彳,不能与elementary互换
33. 表示“值得”的形容词
worth:“值...钱的,值得...的”,后常接名词或动名词:(sth./sb.)be worth doing...
worthwhile:“值得...的”,可作前It定语,作表语形容词时常用于it’s worthwhile doing/to do sth的结构
worthy,有价值的,值得……的”,可作前拽定语,作名词的后置定语或作表语形容同时与of连用,即be
worthy of sth.
34. 同根词 late, lately, later, latter
late:形容词兼副词,表示“晚(的),迟(的)”,如:late autumn晚秋//I got up late•我起晚了。
lately:副词,意为“最近,近来”,如:I haven’t seen him lately.我最近未见过他。
later:形容词兼副词,表示“稍后(的),更迟(的)”,如:later edition较近的版本//See you later.稍后见。
latter:形容词,意为“(两者之中的)后者的;末期的,后期的”;还可作名词,表示“后者”,其反义词为former
35. 表示“远的”的形容词兼副词
farther:指实际地点和距离,可与further通用,如:I can’t run any farther/ftuther.我再也跑不动了。
further:还可指程度、时间、数目或数tt“更加”或“进一步",表示抽象意义,而farther没此意,如:She refused
to discuss the matter any further.她拒绝进一步讨论这件事情r
36. 表示“远”的副词
far:指空间“远”,常用于疑问句和否定句,如:I don’t want to drive very far.我不想长距离驾车。
away:表示“离某人或某物…… 远”,如:5 miles away离……5英里,2 days away离…… 还有两天
37. 表示“第一(次)”的副词
first:表时间上的“第一次,首次”/fthWho’s going first?谁先去?
firstly:句子副词,表列举时的“首先,第一”,如:Firstly, I would like to thank...首先,我要感谢...
二、形近易混词辨析
1.名词形近词
post n• 邮件;岗位一posture u•姿势 high n• 高峰,商潮;最高水平一height n.海拔,
face /!•(人的)脸,面一surface /!•(事物)的表面 高度
•17专八改错
desert w.沙漠一dessert w. 甜食 statue W.雕像 一statute w.法令 一status /i.地位
costume /!.服装一custom w. 习惯 phrase /i.短语一phase /i. 阶段
altitude /i. A 度一attitude w. 态度 mission /i.使命一mansion /i.大 ffi
champion n .冠军一champagne n. 香按洒一 vision /i.视觉一version n .译本
campaign /i. 战役 vocation w•职业一vacation /i. 假期
compliment /i.赞美一complement /i.补允;补 badge /i.徽章一bandage n. 绷带
(足)语 bullet w. 子弹 一bulletin w. ^n*
council n .议会一counsel «.忠告一consul «. literacy w•识字一literature /i.文学
领事 suite n.套房一suit /i. —套衣服
inspiration n .灵感一aspiration n.渴® hanger w• 衣架一hangar /I•飞机棚一hunger w.
emigrant /i.移出去的移民一immigrant /i. 移进 饥饿
来的移民
2. 动词形近词
adapt v/•使适应一adopt W•采用,采纳 assume v.假定一resume v•恢复
confirm v/• 确认一conform W. (to,with)遵守, resemble v/• 像一assemble v.集合;装配
适应;一致 attain v•达到一obtain v.获得一abstain v. 放弃
require v•需要一inquire V.洵问一enquire v. 询 depress v• 使泄丧一suppress v•镇 fK—oppress
问一 acquire v. 获得 v•压迫
expand v•扩张一expend v•花费一extend v•延长 reject v• 拒绝一eject v• 逐出一ii\ject v•注射一
expect v• 期望一respect v• 稃敬一inspect v•视 deject v. 使沮丧
察一 suspect v. 怀疑 expel v• 驱逐一repel v• 反击一impel v•推动一
loosen v.松开一lose v. 丢失 dispel v. 驱敗
induce v• 引诱一deduce v• 推断一reduce v•减 decline v• 下降一recline v• 向后倚靠;躺卧;休
少一seduce v•勾引 息一incline v•(使)倾斜
3. 形容词形近词
distinctive a.特别的,有特色的一distinct fl. 种 implicit 〇•含蓄的;无疑问的一explicit 〇•明白的
类不同,分开的 extensive fl.广阔的;广泛的一intensive fl. 加强
considerate 〇•体贴的,考虑丨S1 到的一considerable 的;褚T 细作的
fl.相当大(或多)的 immoral 不道德的一immortal a. 不朽的
effective a.有效的一efficient fl. 效率岛的 eminent a.卓越的一imminent a.临近的,即将
intelligent a• 聪明的一intelligible a•可理解的 发生的
industrious a.勤劳的一industrial a. 工业的 literary a• 文学(上)的;文人的一literal a•照字
conscious a.意识到的;神志清醒的;有意的一 曲的;逐字的一literate a 有读写能力的;有学识的
conscientious a .认貞•的
4. 副词形近词
abroad • 到国外,在R 外一aboard似/• 在(船、 时】当然,可以
飞机、车)上,上(船、飞机、车) high d (高度)高一highly必 程度高,非常
hard ad.努力地一hardly cr/Z. 几乎不 clear ad.亍净利落地;完全地一clearly似/. ffi然;
close ad.接近地一closely a汶紧挨地;严密地 淸楚地
sure 当然一surely 想必;丨过时】必定;[过
• 18 •第一章短文改错考试指南
5.不同词性形近词
contact /i./v•联系 一contract n•合同 v.收缩; exceed v/.超过一excess n.过度;超越一excel
订合同;感染 vi (at» in)突出WL胜过
diary /I• 日记一dairy /I,乳制品一daily a 日常的 accept v.接受一excerpt /i.摘录一exempt vt.
principal a. 主要的 n.校长一principle /i. 原 (from)免除a. 被免除的
理,原则 formal a.正式的_ former n. 前者
commerce n .商业一commence v•开始 personal a• 个人的一personnel u. [总称 j 人员;
ardor /I•热情一adore v/•崇拜 人事部门
affect v/• 影响一effect v.招致n. 影响 moral a.道德上的一morale /i. 士气
crash v.//i• 碰撞,坠落一crush W.压碎;镇压
三、高频固定搭配
go on继续 to... extent达到...程度
culminate in以…… 达到高峰/顶点;以……而终 be/remain unconscious of不知道,没有意识到
结 speak out响亮地说;大胆地说
grow up长大成人 hold sth. together使团结一致,使结合在一起
sooner or later迟早,总有一天 ask for sth. 要求得到某物
bring... to light 揭錤,将...曝光 deal with处理,对付
come to light为人所知 as to关于,至于
over and over again —再地 by no means决不,一点都不
let alone更別提... such as像,例如
in consequence 结果,因此 a great deal of大M (修饰不可数名词)
as a result结果,因此 a great number of大®(修饰可数名词)
carry on (with sth.)继续/坚持做某事 account for 占(有)
on other grounds在其他的范围(领域) pay attention to 关注
discount on sth.对...打折 draw/attract/elicit/call attention to 引起关注
set u p 建立、设立、创办(组织、企业) fend for oneself自己谋生;照料己
rely on信赖,依赖 as ifi^though 仿佛
make/carry out/conduct a study 进行研究 perform/do act 做动作
• 19 •1 0 0 条句子
改错训练第 二 章 100条句子改错训练
Each sentence contains ONE error, and only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the sentence and
correct it in the following way:
For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank
provided at the end of each sentence.
For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “八” sign and write
the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the
end of each sentence.
For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash UT and put the word in
the blank provided at the end of each sentence.
Example
1. Our teacher said light traveled faster than sound. (1) travels
2. The Yellow River is A second largest river in China. (2) the
3. I saw him put the key in the lock, turn it and open the door. (3) to
1. A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might
shorten the lives. (1)
2. Concentration is one of the most important elements in dangerous driving. (2)
3. The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a
circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. (3)
4. While technology makes this possible for four or even six billion of us to ex
ist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. (4)
5. The West Lake is so beautiful place that it attracts thousands of tourists every
year. (5)
6. Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series of indica
tors that could help themselves to predict earthquakes. (6)
7. As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does
the environment. (7)
8. Those students, who have passed the examination, they needn’t take the
course this term. (8)
9. Zoological parks in many cities export birds from many lands and are a
source of recreation for millions of people each year. (9)
10. An expert, together with some assistants, have been sent to help us with the
project (10)
11. In the eighteenth century farmers were quite self-sufficient. The farm family
grew and made almost nothing it needed. (11)
12. Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial and banking center. (12)
13. The United States Constitution requires that the President be a natural-bom
citizen, thirty-live years of age or be older, who has lived in the United
States for a miniinum of fourteen years. (13)
• 21 •专八改错
14. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the
soil, enhances soil fertility, and decompose animal debris. (14)
15. A common use with gold in the nineteenth century was as a standard for
the value of money. (15)
16. A hologram is a pattern usually made on film in that can create a three-di
mensional image of a scene. (16)
17. The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region
were studied. (17)
18. Having resided in New Mexico for many years, painter Georgia 0*Keefe em
ploys such as Southwestern motifs as bleached bones, rolling hills, and
desert blooms. (18)
19. A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible
the gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall. (19)
20. The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine to
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. (20)
21. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until
1933, when FYances Perkins became secretary of labor. (21)
22. Too much electric current may flow into a circuit as a result either of a
fault in the circuit and of an outside event such as lightning. (22)
23. Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usu
ally propelled by towing. (23)
24. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ
flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning. (24)
25. Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to
over thirty feet in long. (25)
j l
答案 解析
▼
1. 译文:一个好的锻炼项目有助于教会人们去避免那些可能会缩短其寿命的习慣
分析:the (lives)—< 或the (lives)—their。考 査 冠 M 数名词在泛指时前面不加任何冠词=lives是鉍数名
间,其意义乂并非特指哪些人的生命,故the为多余。本句亦可以用their代替the,与前面的people相呼
应。
2. 译文:精神集中是安全驾驶的最重要因素之一。
分析:dangerous—► safe考杏i/i•义逻 辑 Concentration是积极同汇,ifi丨dangerous driving适贬义,网荇义不
—致,在同一语境中相互矛® 。“枯神集中”应该厲丁安全驾驶”的因素,而不是“危险驾驶”的W 索,故应
把 dangerous 改成 safe。
3. 译文:采金最简单的方法就是用一个装有小底袋的圆盘子淘金。
分析:most_> pjflgJ考査M A 级遇到含有形容词最高级的题时,既要注意the和*est或most是否缺失,也要
注意-est和most是诉使丨丨! easy为双音节单同,M A 级形式为easiest,前加the即可,此处most
多余。
4. 译文:S 然科技使我们40亿甚至60亿人〇存活成为可能,但它也剥夺了我们的工作机会
. 22 •第 二 章 100条句子改错训练
分析:this—it。考査代词。此句的宾语是不定式,形式宾语直接跟荇makes,不定式放在后面,代替不定式作宾语
的形式代词只能用it,不能川this, that等。
5. 译文:西湖非常漂亮,每年吸引成千上万的游客.
分析:Aplace^a ,考査4 惯用法。so... that...是从属连词,引导结果状语从句。so是副同,因此后面必须接形容
同或副词,如果伴有名词,名同必须是可数名词的单数形式,要带冠词,故应在place前加a。本句还有另
外两种改法,一是将so改为such a,但改动涉及两个单间,专八考试一般只涉及改动一个单词;二是将
place删去,但专八考试较少刪去实间,故本题优先采用在place前加a 的改法u
6. 译文:科罗拉多大学的研究人员正在研究一系列能帮助他们预测地震的指标。
分析:themselves—► them。考査反身代词。只有当主语和宾语为同一人物或亊物时,宾语才可用反身代词此句
为复合句,定语从句的先行词为indicators,而此处指的是主句的主Researchers.所指不一致,不能用
themselves,故应改为 them。
7. 译文:环境与人类文化一样,会不可避免地随着时间的流逝而变化
分析:does—has考奋倒装句。表示前句所述(肯定)悄况也适用于另一主语,可以用“so+助动词+另一主语”的
结构。句子前半部分的谓语动ia]形式是has changed,故此处也应保持一致,改为h a s 此句可还原为
The environment has changed with the passing of time as inevitably as human culture
8. 译文:已经通过考试的那些学生这个学期不必上这门课程。
分析:they-»th為。考査主语。本句主语为Those students,who引导定语从句修饰主语,谓语部分是needn’t
take...,主谓之间被定语从句隔开了 .they为多余用词,故册h
9. 译文:很多城市的动物园从很多地区5丨进鸟类,动物园每年都是教百万人的消遣去处。
分析:export—^import考査动阆..此句应该是说从其他地方引进乌类,动物阅原来不可能有各种气export不
跟from搭配,与to搭配应改为import, import才与from搭配。
10. 译文:一个专家和他一些助手已被派来协助我们的工程。
分析:have—>has,,考杳主消一致。此句主i/丨是An expert.together with some assistants只是插人语,所以谓
语动同要用单数,have 要改成 has。注意 with, together with, as well as, no less than,丨ike, but,
except等引出的短语跟在主语后,用逗号断开,这种;4 f 插人语成分,不W 于主语
11. 译文:18世纪农民自给自足农家种植或制造了几乎所需的全部物品。
分析:nothing—>anything/everything考作语义逻辑前句已提到self-sufficient,既然是_ 给 足 ,就应该是几
乎能种棺或制造所需的全部物品,nothing不合句意,应该改成anything或everything
12. 译文:犹他州的首府以及最大的城市—— 盐湖城是一个工业和银行业中心3
分析:Aindustrial—an。考查冠词名词若不是复数形式,则应该在前面加上不定冠词或者定冠词。此处表单
数 意 义 的 个 ...中心”,故名词短语industrial and banking center前应加不定冠词an
13. 译文:美国宪法规定:美国总统应为本国出生的公民,年龄在35岁及35岁以上且至少在美国居住14年。
分析:(or) be—t>〆考査间定用法..表示“年龄在...岁及以上”用... years of age or older表达.older前不
需要be动词D 第一行president后的be动词用原形正确,因为前面的动词require要求其宾iS从句用
(should)+be的虚拟语气。
14. 译文:腐殖化作用使各种成分回归到土壤中、增僅土壤的肥沃性并分解动物的残舷真菌在腐殖化的过程中起
着重要作用„
分析:decompose— 考查并列结构本题中的and连接了并列的iP}语部分,and前用广returns
和enhances,它后面也应与之一致,用第三人称单数的decomposes.另需注意fungi是fungus的复数
形式。
15. 译文:19世纪,人们常用金子作为衡量货币价值的标准
分析:with—>of芩杏介间with通常表伴随,of表 厲 性 根 据 句 use of gold指黄金的用途.with应改为of.:.
16. 译文:全息图通常是檨制在胶片上的图像,该图像能创造出一个场景的三维影像。
分析:in—< 考査从句,in that意为“因为,原因在于……”,后引导原因状语从句。而此句后半部分是一个
定语从句修饰先行词film,that在定语从句中作主语,前而无需加in.
• 23 •专八改错
17. 译文:分析光谱的办法是恨据所研究的波长范围不同而变化的。
分析:were—ijferf 考査过去分词。过去分词studied作后孜定语修饰region, 其作用相当于定语从句省去
whichvthat及系动词。此句系动词用错,应该是was才对,所以不能K接加whicMhat,而是把were
18. 译文:已经在新墨西哥州居住了很多年的画家乔治亚.奥基夫采用像泛白的枯骨、起伏的山丘以及荒漠这种西
南风格的主題元素。
分析:(such) as—*•〆 考査短语,such as...与such... as是两个不同的短语,前者表示“例如..”,后者表术
“像……这样的……”。此句后文有as,可知应是such... as用法,故刪除第一个asn
19. 译文:麦克风能把柔和的声音放大,这样使得温柔浪漫的情歌也能在大礼堂里演奏。
分析:it—〆 考丧形式宾语。it苻似形式宾语,但后文并无to do...或that...等A 正宾语部分,故it多余,make+
宾语+fl./n.是一种间定表达方式,此句宾语过长,故把它放在形容词后面。应注意区别两个看似相似但截
然不同的句子结构:(1) make it (possible) to do..ythat(it作形式宾语);(2) make (possible) + 宾语
(冗长的宾语通常放在后面)。
20. 译文:阿巴拉契亚小路从缅因州延伸到乔治亚州,大约2020英里,是世界上最长的、不间断作有记号的小路,
分析:longer~>longest,考査W 高级形容词或副同前布the,后有in the world等表示范类的短语,应当
用iti高级形式。此处应将longer改为丨ongest。
21. 译文:直到1933年Frances Perkins成为劳工部部长,美国才有女性任职于总统内阁.,
分析:Not—No。考査否定词。not是否定副同应H 于be动同或助动词之后,且它与单数名词间需加冠词;而
no是形容词,可以直接修饰后面的名词。
22. 译文:电路故障或者诸如闪电等外部事件会导致进入电路的电流过大。
分析:and—or。考査固定搭配。as a result of意为“由于”,后面接原因,当中包含either—词,故可推测是用
either... or...结构,表示两者选二,意为“或者……或者……”。
23. 译文:在水道和运河上承我大多數重货的驳船通常是靠拖力来驱动的。
分析:carriei^carry...考査词性。carrier是名词,意为“运送者;货运公司"。而此处which引导的定语从句中
耑要谓语动词,主语Barges是H 数形式,故将carrier改为carry
24. 译文:相比采用辞藻华丽、但晦涩难懂的模糊表达而言,简单、直接和有效的写作更为困难。
分析:effective—effectively。考査词性:.and的前后部分应同同性、同性质,此处应用副词effec.tively与and前
的simply和directly并列,不用形容词effective,,
25. 译文:不同种类章鱼的长度可能在2英寸到30多英寸之间。
分析:long—length。考査词性表示“在长度方面”的固定说法是in length,不用long从词性考虑,介词后要
加名词length作宾语,不能加形容间long.
■ Test 2 ■
26. The begins of the modem chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of
medieval alchemists. (26)
27. George Washington Carver found hundred of uses for the peanut, the sweet
potato, and the soybean and thus stimulated the cultivation of these crops. (27)
28. Conservative philosophers argue that the very structure of society is threaten
ing by civil disobedience, while humanists stress the primacy of the individual
conscience. (28)
29. A rocket bums propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last
just a few seconds. (29)
30. Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an
• 24 •第 二 章 100条句子改错训练
organization required for its operations. (30)
31. Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio
continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local
level. (31)
32. The expansion of adult training programs has resulted partially from the fem
inist movement, which encouraging women to improve their skills for the job
market. (32)
33. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States,
founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that have always had a com
pletely female medical staff. (33)
34. The boiled point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surround
ing gases. (34)
35. Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier
bodies, shorter tails, and longer bills. (35)
36. Alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated. (36)
37. When overall exports exceed imports, a countiy said to have a trade surplus. (37)
38. Anthropologists agree that our primitive ancestors who inhabited the tropics
probably have natural protection against the sun. (38)
39. A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed tx> each oth
er in any specific way. (39)
40. Providence,Rhode Island, is a busy manufacturing city and seaport, as well
the state capital. (40)
41. Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the
brain and spinal cord. (41)
42. When does a neutron from one atom collides with the nucleus of another
atom, a chain reaction can occur. (42)
43. The young of most bird species are totally dependence on parental care after
hatching. (43)
44. Jackie Mclean*s recordings have shown that he is one of the few jazz musi
cians who style of plajdng has kept pace with the evolution of modem jazz. (44)
45. How Native Americans developed com is a puzzling, for no wild com has
ever been discovered. (45)
46. A principle of manager is to ensure that every action or decision achieves a
carefully planned goal. (46)
47. Classicism as a doctrine seeks what is universally truth and good. (47)
48. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat. (48)
49. The situation comedy has proved to a remarkably durable commercial televi
sion format. (49)
50. Almanacs in simple form have been known from the invention of writing. (50)
• 25 •专八改错
L
答案 解 析
26. 译文:现代化学实验的开端要追溯到中世纪的炼金术。
分析:begins—beginnings。考査同性。此处要求名同作主语,而begins是动词形式。应改为其动名词形式
beginnings
27. 译文:乔治•华盛顿.卡佛发现了花生、甘菩以及大豆的教百种用途,因而刺激了这些作物的种植
分析:hundred ■► hundreds考査习语.表示不确定数 时,数N 需要变为复数,如hundreds of, thousands of.
0
millions of 等
28•译文:保守的哲学家辩称社会结构受公民不顺从的成胁,而人文主义者則强调个人意识高于一切。
分析:threatening—^threatened考丧被动语态。be动開和介间by同时出现是被动语态的信号,它们之间的动
词要用过去分间形式此处threatening应改为threatened。
29. 译文:火箭迅速燃烧推进别,而大多數的火箭携带的补充物仅能维持几秒而已。
分析:last-*lasts,考査主谓数的一致。定语从句中,若关系代词在从句中作主语,则从句谓语的数应与先行词
—致。本题中,先行词a supply为单数,故last也应用单数形式lasts。
30. 译文:工业买主负责提供企业运作所需的货物和服务
3
分析:required—*requires考査时态,由are可苻出本句的基本时态是现在时,讲述的是一般性的'丨f实;故此
处不宜用过去时,由于主语an organization是单数形式,应将required改为requires
•31.译文:尽管无线电通信行业不再如四十年代那样兴盛,但它仍然是基本通讯的媒介,尤其在地方通讯中。
分析:any-mo考査no和any的用法。no longer是固定说法,用在肯定句中,表示“不再”。any longer则用
在否定句和疑问句中。Although后接的是肯定的it is,故此处用no longer。
32. 译文:成人培训课程扩展的部分原因是女权运动,女权运动鼓励女性去提高她们适应就业市场的技能.,
分析:encouraging—^encourages考查谓语动i»]„ which是从句主语,指代the feminist movement,其后接单
数的谓语动词,encouraging不能中-独作谓语,应改为encourages。
33. 译文:伊丽莎白.布莱克韦尔是美国历史上第一位女医学博士。她创建了纽约医务室----所医务人员一直为
女性的医疗机构。
分析:have—ha s考査主谓语一致。that引导的定语从句修饰先行词an institution,从句主语that指代单数
意义的institution,故其谓语也应用动词的单数形式,have应改为has
34. 译文:任何液体的沸点取决于其周围的气压。
分析:boiled—boiling考查固定搭配“沸点”的固定说法是boiling point,不用boiled,现在分词和过去分词
会被故意用错,应记住现在分间有“正在进行”的意义,而过去分词则有“被动、完成”的含义。
35. 译文:野云雀与知更鸟的体形差不多大,但野云雀更重,尾巴更短,喙更长。
分析:than—a s 考査同级比较级到the same...应注意其后是否有as: the same... as...表示“与...一样
36. 译文:与光波一样,微波能被反射和集中.,
分析:Alike—Like。考査形近词的用法。这两个词的用法很容易混淆,alike是形容词或副同,而like 作介同。
此处流用介词like,表示“像,如同”。
37. 译文:当总出口超过总进口,我们就说这个国家是贸易顺差。
分析:八said—>is考査习语 fl■到said to+动同,应想到用的是“be said +不定式”的结构,表示“被说
成是……”。此处缺系动词is。
38. 译文:人类学家赞同:生活在热带地区的远古祖先可能天生具有抵御阳光的保护力
分析:have—^had考杏时态。that从句的主语是our primitive ancestors (我们远卩丨'的祖先),其谓语动词只
能用过去时态,不能用现在时。此处have应改为had ,
• 26 •第 二 章 100条句子改错训练
39•译文:液体与气体类似,因为无论在任何特定方式下它们的分子都不是彼此固定的。
分析:has—its。考査代词。在because从句中,主语molecules前应当是形容词性的词,不能用动词has,形容
词性物主代词its用于此符合句意。
40•译文:普罗维登斯,罗得岛州的首府,是一个繁忙的制造业城市和海港。
分析:wellA—>as。考査习语。as well as是固定短语,意为“既...又...”,well后缺as,应填加上。
41. 译文:肌肉运动是由大脑和脊髄中特定神经细胞的刺激引起的。
分析:stimulate—► stiimilation/stimulus。考査词性。the... of之间应为名词,此处定冠同the后是动同stimu-
late,应改为名词 stimulation 或 stimulus。
42. 译文:当一个原子的中子与另一个原子的原子核相碰撞,就会发生链式反应。
分析:does— 考査从句。此句的when引导时间状语从句,时间状语从句中,when后应直接跟主语,
does多余,故删掉。
43. 译文:大多數鸟类的幼鸟在孵化后完全依赖于父母的照料。
分析:dependence—► dependent。考査词性。dependence是名同,此处要用形容词dependent作表语。be
dependent on 意为“依赖...”。
44•译文:杰基•麦克林的唱片表明他是少教洋奏风格能跟上现代爵士乐发展的爵士音乐家之一。
分析:who—whose考査关系代词。名词前面应当用形容词性的代词修饰、限制。此处,名词style前应当用
所有格的whose,而不用主格的whod
45. 译文:土著美国人如何种植玉米是个谜,因为至今还没有发现野生的玉米。
分析:puzzling—^puzzle。考査同性。冠词a后应该加可数名词单数,puzzling是形容词,应改为名词puzzle。或
者可将冠词a刪去,构成系表结构is puzzling。
46. 译文:管理的原則是确保每一个行动或决定都达到仔细计划过的目标。
分析:manager~nnanagenient。考査近义词。manager用以指“人”,前面应有冠词a或the。此处应用指“事”
的名词 management。
47. 译文:作为一种学说,古典主义探寻什么是普遍意义上的真与好。
分析:truth—Mrue。考査词性。连词and前后的成分应同词性、同性质这里and—边是形容词good,另一边
truth却是名词。副词universally应该修饰形容词,故此处应将truth改为形容词true。
48. 译文:luminescence指的是“发光”,而不是“发热”。
分析:anothei^other。考査固定搭配。other than是固定用法,表示“除了,不同于,而非”。another无此用法。
49•译文:情景喜剧已经被证明是一种相当持久的商业电视形式。
分析:toA—►be。考査习语。“prove to be+名词”是固定结构,表示“证明是...”,此处缺be。
50. 译文:简单形式的年鉴从书写发明以来就已经为人所知了。
分析:from—►since。考査词汇。since和from常易混濟。由have been known知道此句是现在完成时态,应
想到时间状语用since引导,不能用from。
■ Test 3 I
51. It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural
environment, but they will reach a very old age if left undisturbed by hu
mans. (51)
52. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period
of time. (52)
53. A statue, a monumental, a building, or a park may be dedicated to com
memorating a distinguished individual. (53)
• 27 •专八改错
54. Moles are almost completely blind, although its tiny eyes can distinguish light
from dark. (54)
55. The Cubist movement in art was a reaction against traditional methods of
portray reality. (55)
56. Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. (56)
57. A rat*s sharp teeth can gnaw through wood, plastic, or soft metallic such as
lead. (57)
58. Brooklyn, New York, had a population of about 23,000 when it becomes a
city in 1834. (58)
59. Ensuring an adequate water supply have been a concern ever since people
began to live in towns and cities. (59)
60. Data received from two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence that
huge thunderstorms are now occurring around the equator of the planet Saturn. (60)
61. Every individual cell, whether its exists as an independent microorganism or
is part of a complex creature, has its own life cycle. (61)
62. The need for more food discourages development of better technology which
naturally keeps more people alive. (62)
63. Even before the human organism developed into their present stage of Homo
sapiens, the beginnings of culture were already evident. (63)
64. The old man is very pleased to be told that his daughters and son-in-laws are
going to see him tomorrow. (64)
65. Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite they return to
their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. (65)
. Perspiration, the body’s built-in cooling mechanism occurs as a natural reac
66
tion to nervousness, intense heat, or vigorously exercise. ( )
66
67. Because of the rising cost of fuel, scientists are building automobile engines
who will conserve gasoline but still run smoothly. (67)
. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States are the
68
Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected. ( )
68
69. Swans, noted for graceful movements in the water, have been the subject of
many poetry, fairy tales, legends, and musical compositions. (69)
70. At night the desert floor radiates heat back into the atmosphere and the tem
perature may be drop to near freezing. (70)
71. A thousand miles no longer mean much to us today for modem jets can eas
ily get us over this long distance within a matter of a few hours. (71)
72. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a
source of warmth such as direct sunlight. (72)
73. Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television,
and film productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean. (73)
74. The private satellite industry sprang up in the mid-1960's to relay not only
television broadcasts but too phone calls and computer data. (74)
• 28 •第 二 章 100条句子改错训练
75. During the Colonial days, the Ircx^uois had an agricultural economy basing
mainly on com with supplementary crops of pumpkins, beans, and tobacco. (75)
答案解析
51. 译文:还不确定海龟能在自然的环境中存沽多少年,但如果不受人类干扰的话,它们可以活很久。
分析:how A—► many考査引导词。how是副同,后面不能jli接加名词,应改为how many years。
52. 译文:专利给予发明者一段特定的时间独享他们的创造成果„
分析:fix—fixed。考査词性。fix是动词,这里要用形容词fixed修饰名词period
53. 译文:一座雕像、一座纪念碑、一个建筑或者一个公园都能用来纪念一位杰出人物
分析:monumental—*monument。考査词性. 冠词a后接名词,而monumental是形容词,应改为monument。
54. 译文:尽管鼹鼠的小眼睛能在黑夜中分辨出光,但是它们几乎看不见东西u
分析:its—their。考査代词。此句代词所锌代的是复数的Moles,因此也应用复数的代词their。
55. 译文:艺术中的立体派运动是对表现现实的传统手法的一种对抗。
分析:portray—portraying考査动名词的使用:of要求后接名词性的成分作其宾语,而portray是动词,应用其
动名词形式portraying
3
56. 译文:丙烯酸顏料能使艺术家试验许多色彩的效果。
分析:colors—*'color。考査名词用法。名词作定语时,一般应该用其中-数形式,不加s,此句color是修饰effects
的,而不是被many修饰,故应改成单数
57. 译文:老鼠锋利的牙齿能够啃穿木头、塑料或者像铅一样的软金属,
分析:metallic—metal。考査词性。连词or两边的成分应同词性、同形式。此处应用名间与wood和plastic并
歹ij,metallic是形容词,应改为名词metal。另外,短语such as后的名词lead也暗示它前面的词应是名词。
58. 译文:1834年纽约的布鲁克林成为一座城市,那时它拥有2.3万人口。
分析:becomes—became。考査时态由时间状语1834推知,谓语动词不能用一般现在时,而应用一般过去时,
故将 becomes 改为 became。
59. 译文:自从人们开始居住在城镇和都市以来,保障足够的水供给一直是个引人关注的问題。
分析:havthas。考査主谓一致主语为动名词短语时,谓语动词应为单数形式,have应改为has
60. 译文:从两艘宇宙飞船接收到的教据表明:已有大量的证据证明巨大的雷雨正出现在土星的赤道附近。
分析:many—Mtiuch。考査不可数名词的修饰语.evidence为不可数名间,应用much修饰,不能用many .注意
data是复数形式,其单数形式为datum,所以此句谓语动同indicate无误
61. 译文:每一个个体细胞,无论是作为一个独立的微生物存在,还是一个复杂生物的一部分,都有它自己的生命周
期。
分析“whether) its—^ 考査从句whether... or...引导的从句缺主语,exists为谓语动词.它前而的代词为主
语,不能用所有格形式的ils,应改为it。
62. 译文:更多食物的需求促进了更好科技的发展,这自然使得更多人存活下来。
分析:discourages—encourages考杳语义逻辑。养活更多人,:要更多食物,自然是促进科技的发展,dis
courage 意为 ** 阻止”, 意思恰怡相反 ,故应改成 encourages。
63. 译文:甚至早在人类有机体发展成现阶段的智人之前,文化的起源就已经清晰可见了 :,
分析:theii^its考查数的一致,此处代词指代单数意义的organism,不能川复数的their,应用its。
64. 译文:这位老人听说他女儿和女婿明天来看望他,他非常高兴。
分析:son-in-laws—>sons-in-law考査名闾& 数合成名N 构成复数时通常只将黾面所包含的主体名词变为复
数,这点同一般名词不同,不是在M 后加s。这里,主体名词Si然是son,,又如:lookers"〇n, grarid^chil-
• 29 •专八改错
dren如果没有主体名词,就只在最后一个词加上复数词尾,如go-betweens但由man和woman构成
的复合名词,里面所含的成分全都要变成H 数,如men-servants。
65. 译文:成年鲑鱼大部分时间生活在盐水湖,但是它们产卵和死亡时都会游回至淡水的出生地。
分析:despite—► while/but考査连词。连接两个句子要用连词,而despite是介词,应改为while或but。另外Vfi
注意此句中的主语salmon是单、复数同形。
. 译文:排汗是身体的内置冷却机制,当人在紧张、酷热以及剧烈运动时,排汗就会作为一种自然反应发生
66
分析:vigorously—vigorous考杏词性连词or前后的成分需同间性、同性质,故exercise应与nervousness
和heat —样,是名词而非动词。修饰名词应当用形容词vigorous,不用副同vigorously。
67. 译文:因为燃料价格的不断上涨,科学家们正在制造一种能节省石油却又运行平稳的汽车发动机。
分析:who—tha仏vhich考查定语从句的引导同。定语从句的先行词engines是物而不是人,指代先行词的引
导词不能用who,而应改为that或whichej
•译文:美国大沼泽地是美国境内最为荒凉和最难以进入的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法
68
律)保护。
分析:are->is。考査主谓数的一致。主语是one of...时,谓语动词要用单数,are应改为is。
69•译文:天鹅以其在水中的优雅动作闻名,成为许多诗歌、童话、传说以及音乐作品的主题
分析:poetry->poems考査近义词辨析。poetry表示“诗歌”,为总称,不 可 数 poetry前有修饰可数名i»】的
many,故应该用可数名词poems表示“诗”。
70•译文:晚上沙漠地面将热气反射回大气中,气溫可能降至结冰点附近
分析:be—k 考査谓语动词:此处谓语动同® M ,动词drop前不应加系动间be
71. 译文:1000英里现在对我们来说不算什么了,因为现代喷气机能轻易地在几小时内把我们送到这么远的距离
分析:mean—means。考査主谓一致。表示距离、时间、金钱、重tt的词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,又如:
Two thousand US dollars is a lot to spend on a skirt
72. 译文:为了在严寒的天气中保暖,冷血动物必须将自己暴露于热源中,例如直接的阳光照射。
分析:itself-themselves。考査代词数的一致。代词在人称和数上应与其所指代的名词一致。此处代同指代的
是复数cold-blooded animals,故该反身代同也要用复数themselves。
73. 译文:克里斯托弗•普卢默是加拿大的演员,他在大西洋两岸都出演过舞台剧、电视和电影作品
分析:Athe—^of,考査介词。of表示所属关系,“在大西洋的两岸”正确表达为on both sides of the Atlantic
Ocean,of不能省略
3
74•译文:私人卫星行业在20世纪60年代中期迅速发展起来,它不仅转播电视广播,也可以传送电话和电脑数
据。
分析:too~>also考丧间定搭配行到not only,就成注意后文是否漏掠but also,too应改为also,二词不能互
换。not only... but also...表示“不仅...而且...”。
75.译文:殖民时期易洛魁族人的农业经济以玉米为主,南瓜、大豆和烟草为辅u
分析:basing—► based考査过去分词,分词短语作定语修饰economy,其作用相当于从句that is based
mainly on...,故应用过去分词based ifi】不用basing
M Test 4 B
76. Best known for his research in statistical mechanics and meson physics,
Chen-Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist from the
United States, Tsung-dao Lee. (76)
77. Scientists finding out that the universe is even larger and more complex than
anyone has ever imagined. (77)
• 30 •第 二 章 100条句子改错训练
78. The aging process is not entirely determined by heredity, but is influenced by
different environmental and social circumstances as good. (78)
79. Whichever they may differ widely in function, all cells have a surrounding
membrane and an internal, water-rich substance called cytoplasm. (79)
80. Booker T. Washington, an educational leader, worked throughout the lifetime
to improve economic conditions for Black people in the United States. (80)
81. We each has to hand in a paper on the topic of environment before the end
of this term. (81)
82. Antique auctions have become popular in the United States because a steadi
ly increasing awareness of the investment value of antiques. (82)
83. Our urge to classify different life forms and give us names seems to be as
old as the human race. (83)
84. By studying geometry, students can learn what to develop logical arguments
through deductive reasoning. (84)
85. “How does the human brain work?" remains one of the most profound
questions confront modem science. (85)
. One out of every ten persons in the 1978 United States labor force was a
86
teenager, compared by one out of fifteen in 1960. ( )
8 6
87. Even many early leaders of the United States have provided names for
towns, only George Washington is remembered in the name of a state. (87)
. Applied research aims at some specific objective, such as the development of
8 8
a new produce, process, or material. ( )
8 8
89. The founding of the Boston Library in 1653 demonstrate the early North
American colonists* interest in books and libraries. (89)
90. Membership in labor unions in the United States reached its peak of 17 mil
lions members in 1960. (90)
91. Varieties of yellow grapes that have tender skin, rich flavor and high sugar
content are especially suited with making raisins. (91)
92. Wildlife conservationists say the cover that foliage provides for animals is
equal in importance to the food supplying. (92)
93. For make adobe bricks, workers mix sand and clay or mud with water and
small quantities of straw, grass, or a similar material. (93)
94. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at
less than a foot high, while other can grow three feet in twenty-four hours. (94)
95. Recent studies have shown that air into a house often has higher concentra
tions of contaminants than heavily polluted air outside. (95)
96. Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920,s was concerned with the de
picting the experience of urban Black people in the United States. (96)
97. Human being have thirty-three or thirty-four vertebrae, but a snake may have
as many as three hundred. (97)
98. Over the past two decades, the popularity of the bicycle as a mean of trans-
• 31 •专八改错
portation and recreation has increased tremendously in the United States. (98)
99. He was only one of the candidates who was going to take the oral defense. (99)
100. For convenience it is common to speak of plants as **herbs,'* “shrubs," and
"trees," but it is really no sharp distinctions among them. ( )
100
答 案 解 析[[
76. 译文:杨振宁以他在统计力学和介子物理学方面的研究而闻名,1957年,他与美国另一位物理学家李政道共同
获得诺贝尔奖。
分析:to—► with考杏介词搭配。share sth. with sb.是固定短语,表示“与某人分享某物”,不用介词to
77. 译文:科学家们发现:宇宙比任何人所能想象的还要大、还要复杂。
分析:finding—find考查谓语动间:动词的-ing形式为非谓语动词,不能单独作谓语,由于主语Scientists是复
数.故应改为find
78. 译文:老化的过程并不完全由遺传决定,也会受到不同环境状况以及社会境况的影响.,
分析:good—well。考査习语< as we丨丨是固定短语,意为“也,同样”,此处不用good
79. 译文:无论细胞之间的功能相差有多大,所有细胞外部都有一层包裒着它的细胞膜,内部有一种富含水分的物
质---细跑康。
分析:Whichever~»However考查连接i<0的辨析。Whichever是连接代词,而此处修饰整个从句应用连接副
However,不能用连接代词。
80. 译文:布克.T.华盛顿是一位教育界的领袖,他一生都在为改善美国黑人的经济状况而奋斗。
分析:the—>his ,考杏代根据句意.lifetime特指主语Booker T. Washington的一生,所以应使用特指的代
词 his。
81. 译文:这个学期期末之前,我们每个人都必须上交一篇有关环境话题的论文。
分析:has—have。考査主谓一致;each置于所修饰词后面时,整个主语看做复数形式,谓语用复数而each
of us则fH故单数形式,消语相应地应该用中.数形式£ 例如:Each of us has something to say,:.
82. 译文:由于美国人对古董投资价值的意识穗步提高,在美国古董拍卖已变得流行起来。
分析:because A—^of考査短语because是连isj,后接从句;而此处后接的是名词短语,应用介间短语be*
cause of
83. 译文:我们给不同生命形式进行分类并命名的欲望似乎同人类历史一样久。
分析:us—them考査代词。代词的人称应与其所指代的内容一致.此处代词指代的是life forms,®第三人称,
不能用us,应改为them
84. 译文:通过学习几何学,学生能够学会如何通过演绎推理来进行逻辑辩论。
分析:what—how=考査代词,通过观察吋知develop后已有宾语,故不可再用what作其宾语,而应改为表示
方式的how,意为“如何通过演绎推理来进行逻辑辩论”,故将what改为how。
85. 译文:“人脑是如何工作的?”—— 这仍然是现代科学面对的最深刻的问題之一。
分析:confront—► confronting ,考査非谓语动词。questions后为定语,后S 定语由形容词短语或分词短ifj构成。
confront是动词原形用于此不妥,由于questions跟confront之间是主动关系,故将confront改为
confronting,
. 译文:1978年,青少年占美国劳工的十分之一,而1960年这个比例是十五分之一。
86
分析:by—► with考査介词搭配. “与...相比较”用固定短语compare with,介词不用by。
87. 译文:尽管很多美国早期领导人的名字都已经用来给城謓命名,但只有乔治•华盛顿的名字是用来给州命名的
分析:EvenA—though考杳连词。两个分句应当用连词连接,而Even是副词或形容词,不能用来连接句子,
应改为 Even though ,
• 32 •第 二 章 100条句子改错训练
. 译文:应用研究针对某些特定的目标,例如:一种新产品、一道新工序或者一种新材料的开发、
88
分析:produce—► product,■考奄同性^produce —般作动同,作名词时意为“农产品(总称)",显然不合句意,故改
为可数名词product,表示“产品”。
89. 译文:1653年波士顿图书馆的建立表明早期的北美殖民者对图书和图书馆的兴趣,
分析:demonstrate—► demonstrated考査时态。动名同(The founding)作主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形
式,而demonstrate为复数,用于此不妥。此处根据时间状语in 1653,谓语用一般过去时demonstrated
90. 译文:1960年美国劳工联盟的成员數达到最高峰1700万。
分析:millions—million。考査数词million前面有具体数字修饰,表示确切多少的时候,不能用复数形式,故将
millions 改为 million。
91. 译文:各种各样的黄葡萄皮嫩、味美、糖分高,特别适合做葡萄干。
分析:with—for。考査固定搭配。be suited for...,意为“适合……",而suit with+/i.则表示“相称,相当”,根据
题意把with改为for。
92. 译文:野生动椬物保护者表示:树叶给动物的保护与食物供给同等重要。
分析:supplying—supplied。考査非谓语动词。supply为及物动词,现在分词supplying后面应该有宾语,没有
宾语说明是表被动,故改为过去分词supplied。
93. 译文:为了做土砖,工人们用水将沙子、粘土/泥浆与少量的茎、草或类似物质混合起来,
分析:Fo m To。考査不定式。结合句意/‘做土砖”是逗号后面部分的目的,不定式可以表B 的。本题中make是
动词,前面用介词for不妥,故将介词For改为不定式符号To。
94. 译文:将近700种竹子中 些完全长大的竹子不过一英尺高;而另一些竹子却能在24小时内长到3 英尺3
,一
分析:other-others。考査代词。代词other—般不单独使用,后面耑跟名词,或者用othere,根据第一个分句的
some,将 other 改为 others,some…others…意为“一些...,另一些... "〇
95. 译文:最近的研究表明:与室外严重污染的空气相比,室内的空气通常污染物浓度更高。
分析:into—*in。考査介词。into表示动作的方向,此处表示所处位置应当用介词in。
% . 译文:朗斯通•休斯是 世纪 年代一位多产的作家,他的作品描绘了美国城市黑人的经历。
2 0 2 0
分析:with the— with thg。考查冠词。一般来说,动名词前不加冠词尤其是当这个动名词后接宾语,动词的属
性更强。动名词depicting后接宾语the experience...,具有很强的动词性,前面不能用冠词。故应删除
定冠词the。
97. 译文:人类有33或者34根椎骨,但蛇可能有多达300根椎骨。
分析:being—♦ beings-考丧数的一致.谓语动词为have.且Human being前并没有表示单数的不定冠间a,说
明主语不是第三人称单数而是复数,应改为beings,,
98. 译文:过去的二十年间,自行车作为一种交通和娱乐工具在美国大肆风行。
分析:mean—means。考査名词辨析 mean作名词,表示“中间;平均数”,用于此不符合句意。此处表示“方法,
^
手段,工具”,应该用以s结尾的名词means ,
99. 译文:他只是即将进行口头辩护的候选人之一。
分析:(who) was—were。考査单复数确定从句中动间单复数形式的关键是先行词,这句话的意思是他只不
过是将参加辩护的候选人中的一个,先行词是the candidates,而不是one,所以定语从句的谓语动同要
用复数 were。但这句:He was the only one of the candidates who was going to take the oral
defense.中,由于有定冠词the限制,先行词是one,则要用was,这是有无定冠词的区别。
W丨•译文:出于方便人们通常把植物说成草、灌木和树,但其实它们之间没有明显区别。
1
分析:it is—there are。考査there be句型。此处it并不代指句中任何成分,也不是形式主语,W 为后文并无
真正的主语部分,故it应改为there。
• 33 •1 0 0 篇标准
改错训练第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage J jj
The book is dead. Technology has killed it. The libraries of
the world are dooming to become museums. Americans, however, ( )
1
attend to bring an either-or mentality to most things. The invention (2)
of television led to predictions about the demise of radio. The
making of movies was to be the funeral bell of alive theater, ( )
3
recorded music, the end of concerts. All these forms still
exist—sometimes overshadowed by their siblings, but not
smothered by them. And with the direst predictions, reading (4)
continues to be part of the life of the mind.
There's no question that reading off-paper, as I think of it,
will increase in years to come. A library that got 10 as gifts (5)
reported that within a half hour they had all checked out. And ( )
6
there*s no question that once again we will be treated to
lamentations suggesting that true literacy has become the lost art.
The difference this time is that we will confront with elitism from (7)
both sides. Not only have literary purists now complain of the ( )
8
evanescent nature of letters onscreen, the tech fanatics have
become equally disdainful of the old form.
Perhaps we should look past both sides to concern ourselves
with function instead of form. I am cheered by the Gallup poll in (9)
which asks a simple question: do you happen to be reading any
books or novels at present? In 1952 a merely 18 percent of ( )
10
respondents said yes. The last time the survey was done, in 2005,
that number was 47 percent. So much for the good old days.
ft
/完 成 曰 期 1 |用时| !错误数 统 计 |
备忘笔记:
• 35 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是未来阅读方式的发展。电视机的发明预示着无线电的消亡,电影的制作敲响了现场歌剧的丧钟,
而录制的音乐也将终结演唱会。尽管有苕这些可怕的预言,阅读一直都是梢神生活的一部分。在作者看来,非纸质
阅读必将是未来的趋势。虽然文学纯梓主义者抱怨屏上文字的消瞬即逝,而技术迷们不屑于书锫陈旧的形式,我们
无需争论孰优孰劣,令人可喜的是读者群越来越大。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. dooming-_*doomed词汇错误。doom作动词时,表示 部电子读物作为礼物,这里的they指代的是前面
1 1 0
“注定,判定”。be doomed to是固定搭配,表示“注 提到的 books,这些书在半小时之内全部借出,
10
定”。 应该用被动语态,W 此在checked out前面加
. attend lend词汇错误e attend表示“出席;照料;注 beenr,
2
意”,attend to是固定搭配,表示“注意,专心”。下一 7. with • W 汇错误。confront 表示“面临,ilH 遇”,
句提到“电视机的发明预示狞无线电的消亡,电影的 若要与with搭配则应该用be confronted with的
制作敲响了歌剧的丧钟,而录制的音乐也将终结演 形式,表示“使面临”,本句话是说“我们从两方面来
唱会。”因此本句不是强调美国人关注某件事,而是 肴待精英政治”,那么此处要么用be confronted
强调思维的倾向性,因此用attend的形近词tend, with,要么直接用confront,此题只能用第二种改
表示“倾向于"。 法,因此删掉with。
3. alive Hive词汇错误^ alive是形容词,表示“活着的, . have—do语法错误。not only放在句首要部分倒
8
有活力的”,不能作前置定语修饰theater,这里应该 装,如果have作助动词,那么本句是现在完成时,
用形容词live,表示“现场的”。 complain应该用过去分词形式,但是本句有一个明
4. with—-despi丨e语篇错误。本句前半部分说“有荇这些 显的时间词now,表示现在一般性的动作,W 此要用
可怕的预言”,后半句指出“阅读一直都是精神生活 一般现在时,助动词have改成do。
的一部分”,从语义逻辑来判断此处表示让步,由于 9. in—〆语法错误。本句是定语从句修饰先行词the
with后面是名词,不能用连词though,只能用表让 Gallup poll,而定语从句中首先出现了谓语动词
步的介词despite.., asks,可见缺少的是主语,而不是状语,因此要有关
系代词that或which转代the Gallup poll,本句中
5 . 八>«35>出 1>词 汇 错 误 。 本 句 中 <;0««116是 不 定 式
短语作后置定语修饰前面的years.表示“在即将到 which前面的介同in必须删拽。
来的几年里”,既然有定语对years进行限定,那么 . merely nnere语法错误。merely是副同表示“仅仅”,
10
这里就应该是特指,因此要加上定冠词the= 此处放在不定冠词a 之后用来修饰名词性短语
. 八checked ► been语法错误。本句说某图书馆获得了 18 percent,因此要改为形容词mere
6
/
be doomed to 注定 tend to倾向于
mentality /men’taeliti/ /i•心理状况 lead to导致
语 demise /di’maiz/ n.死亡 overshadow /.auva’Jadau/ v•使黯然失色
境
sibling /sibliQ/ n•兄弟姊妹 smother /*smA5a/ v•笼取
词
汇
dire /dai9/ fl.可怕的 lamentation /.laeman’teij^n/ /i•悲伤,哀悼
elitism /ei'lhtizam/ /i. 精英政治 evanescent /,i:va'nesant/ a•迅速消失的
fanatic /fa’naetik/ n•狂热者 disdainfu丨 /disdeinful/ a.轻视的
V 」
• 36 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage ^2j
If our brains were computers, we*d simply add a chip to
upgrade our memory. The human brain, therefore, is more (1)
complex than even the most advanced machine, so improving
our memory isn* t quite so easy. Just as it takes effort
to build physical fitness, so is boosting brain power. ( )
2
A strong memory depends on the health and vital of your (3)
brain. Whether you’re a student studying for final exams, a
working professional interested in doing all he can to stay (4)
mentaUy sharp, and a senior looking tx> preserve and enhance ( )
5
your intelligence as you age, there are lots of things from ( )
6
which you can do to improve your memory and mental
performance. They say that you can’t teach an old dog new
tricks, but when it comes to the brain, scientists have
discovered that this old proverb simply isn't true. The human
brain has astonishing ability to adapt and change—even into (7)
older age. This ability is known as neuroplasticity. With the ( )
8
right stimulation, your brain can form new neural pathways,
alter existing connections, and adapt and react in
ever-changing ways.
The brain’s incredible ability to reshape itself hold true (9)
when it comes to learning and memorizing. You can harness (10)
the natural power of neuroplasticity to increase your cognitive
abilities, enhance your ability to learn new information, and
improve your memory.
f
完成曰期 用 时 1 错误数置统计
备忘笔记:
• 37 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是增强大脑记忆力。就像锻炼身体一样,大脑也是可以通过锻炼变得更强大。科学家们发现,人类
的大脑具有惊人的能力,即便步入老年,仍然可以不断地调节、适应和改变,这种能力被称作神经可塑性,正因为如
此,人类可以通过各种方法增强自己的认知能力并且提岛记忆力。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. therefore -however语篇错误。根据上下文语义来 whether... or...结构,表示“不管……还是……”,这
1
判断,句间的逻辑关系应为转折关系。前面一句说到 里是指“不管你是学生,还是工作了的专业人士,还
“如果我们的大脑是电脑,我们只需添加一个芯片就 是老年人……”。
可以提升记忆。”本句则说“人脑比M 高级的机器都复 . from… 语法错误。本句是定语从句,先行同是
6
杂”,语意上出现转折,S在强调后者,而且此处用逗号 things,在定语从句中直接充当do的宾语,所以不需
隔开,用作插入语,故最好用however.. therefore 要任何介同,故删除from,本句意为“有很多事情你
表示因果关系,用在这里不合适。 可以做,以提高你的记忆力"。
. is—does语法错误。前一句提到“通过努力可以增强 7. 八astonishing m 词汇错误。astonishing用来修饰
2
体质”,本句意为“通过努力也可以增强大脑功能”, 后面的名词ability (能力),这里强调的是大脑的某
此句表示前句所述(肯定)情况也适用于另一主语, 一项能力,即适应和改变的能力,要用不定冠词,而
意为“……也是如此”,可用so+助动词/悄态动词/be astonishing以元音开头,故加an
动词+主语的结构表示。其中动词的选择取决于前半 . older—old词汇错误。本句前半部分指出“人类大脑
8
句的谓语动词.此处前一句的谓语是takes,故应用 具有惊人的适应和改变的能力”,破折号后面的内容
助动同does.:> 表示强调,意为“即便进人老年期",全文并没有比较
3. vital ^如丨办词汇错误。vital是形容词,表示“充满 年纪的大小使大脑功能有所不同,只是强调老年人
活力的”,这里应该用它的名间形式vitality ,与 的大脑仍然具有这种能力,W 此不能用比较级。
health并列。本句意为“好的记忆力依赖于大脑的M 9. hold—holds语法错误。本句主语是ability,是单数
康和活力”。 怠义的名词。而全句使用的是一般现在时,所以谓语
4. he—you词汇错误。该段一开始就使用第二人称 动词应该用单数形式holds。
you,本句举例说明,“无论你是要参加期未考试的学 . memorizing—► memory 词汇错误。本句中 learning
10
生,还是对所有能保持思维敏锐性的窜情都感兴趣的 和memorizing表面上符是两个并列的动名词,
T.作了的专业人士",此处he不是用来指代a 可仔细推敲,这两个词作动间时是及物动词,此
working professional,而是延续上文中泛指的“你", 处后面缺少宾语.所以推断learning在此为名词,
另外下文中也继续使用了第二人称,故此处用you。 memorize的名词为memory,表示“记忆力”,此处
5. and But语篇错误。从上下文的语义来判断,句间 童年”。
的逻辑关系应为转折关系。前面一句说到“我想学校 . my—our词汇错误。表面上看本句主语是I,故相应
8
有组织、有成人监督的活动,有总比没有好。”本句则 的物主代词应该是my,但是从全文来判断,对孩子
说“他们真的不好”,前后意思相悖,S 在强调后者, 的过度保护和风险规避并不是某个人的行为,更不
故用But。 是作者自己的行为,而是整个社会现象,故物主代同
4. excess excessive词汇错误。excess作形容词表示 用our M 合适。
“额外的,附加的”,而这里强调的是学校对孩子的过 9. threaten —-threatens语法错误。本句主语是A
分保护,健康和安全措施并不是在狱上太多,而是强 combination of,表示“...的结合”,是单数意义的
调程度上“过分的,过度的”,故用excessive更合适 名词短语,故谓动词threaten也要用单数形式
5• 八couple_ 词汇错误。couple是名词表示“两个,一 10. This,It语法错误。本句真正的主是that we
对”,前面必须加冠词,而a couple of是固定表达, reclaim …to our ancestors,而 This 不能用作形
表示“不确定的小数目”,这里表示“几年前”。 式主语,应改成It。
. Nothing—Something语篇错误。上文讲述的是英闰
6
extra-curricular activity 课外活动 excessive /ik'sesiv/ a .过度的
aversion V3:/an/ n.厌恶 resi 丨 ience /rizilians/ /i. 适应性
/8
语
境 thrive /0raiv/ v /,兴旺 misconduct /.miskondAkt/ /i•行为不当
词 mightily /maitili/ •非常 toxic /toksik/ a .有毒的
汇 reckon /Vekan/ v/•认为 pervas丨ve /pa’veisiv/ a•適布的
urgency /*3:d39Si/ n .紧急 reclaim /nldeim/ w. 要求收回
V J
• 42 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage ^5j
As we have seen, there is nothing about language as such that
makes linguistic identity coextensive with national identity. “If he
speaks French, he is by any means necessarily French." French is ( )
1
not the private property of Frenchmen, as English of English (2)
people. This should be obvious when one reflects that English is
the mother-tongue in Canada, the United States, UK, Australia,
New Zealand, and many other areas of the world. Yet many of us
still half-consciously feel that when anyone no other than an ( )
3
Englishman uses English, we have a special right to criticise his
usage because he has privileged to handle something that is in the ( )
4
Englishman’s gift. We feel that he must necessarily look us for a (5)
“standard", because it is “our” language. It is reasonable to regard ( )
6
any language as the property of a particular nation,and with no
language is it more irrational than with English. This is not to say
that English is used by a great number of speakers than any other ( )
7
language: it is easily outnumbered in this respect with Chinese.
Whereas it is the most international of languages. ( )
8
To people in Africa or Pakistan or Chile, English is the obvious
foreign language to master, not merely because it is the native
language in Great Britain and the United States, but because it
provides a readiest access to the cream of world scholarship and to ( )
9
the bulk of world trade. It is understanding more widely than any (l〇)
other language.
^ 完 成 曰 期 ! 用时| |错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 43 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是语言归厲,以英语为例,作为一种M 闰际化的语言,英语在全世界被广泛使用,但英语不能被认
为是英W 的私冇财产,在美闰、澳大利亚、新西兰、加令大与世界K 他一些地K ,英访都是母语把一种语言视为某
一特定闰家的私有财产是不合理的。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. any—no 词汇错误根据常识可以对此句进行判断, 6 . reasonab 丨 e—► unreasonable i_/丨篇错误原句意为“把
“ 假如一个人会说法语,也不一定表示他就是法国 任何语言视为某一特定闽家的私有财产是合理的
人 ”.by any means 意为 “ 无论如何”,放在此处不符 (reasonable) ”,这勺第一段提到的“法语不应当足
合语义
。 by no means
表示
“
决不,并没街”,符合逻 法同人的私冇财产”相饽,故X 把reasonable改成
辑,故将
any
改为
no
unreasonable “不合理的”,
语法错误这 把英语与法语类比, 7. great—greater 间汇错误,—a great number of 作为
2. as—nor/neither M
说明 语言不应是使用者的私有财产"。前一个分句 间定间组表示“很多",但后面的than提示这里应该
“
提到
“
就像法语不是法
W
人的私有财产”,接下来是 用形容词的比较级,表示“这并不是说使丨H英语的人
说 “ 英语也不是英闽人的私有财产 ” , W 此这里不用 比使用其他语言的人数W 更多"。
表示肯定的 a s 结构,而用表示否定 ;6: 义的 nor/nei- . Whereas • But语篇错误whereas与but都可表示
8
ther 进行倒装 „ 转折,但是whereas —般出现在句中,即不单独成
3. no 词汇错误 。 no other than 是固定搭 fld ,衣示 句,它表示后一分句对前一分句的转折.所以此处应
“
除
……
外没有,正是”,该句后面提到我们有权去批 将Whereas改为B u t 注总,M 然however也可用
评他的用法,这里的 “ 他 ” M 然不是指 an English- 来表示转折,怛它多用作捕人语,后面往往接逗号,
m an,
而是表示除英国人以外的人,
W
此要用同组 故此处不宜改成However.
other than, 表示“除 ........ 以外 ” 9. a—*the 或 readiest—»ready 语法错误 readiest 是形
4. has /\ —been
语法错误
privilege
作名间时,多为可 容间ready的最高级形式,表示“准备好的,迅速
数名词,前:加上
a
或
#
变为
M
数形式
privileges
的”,形容词敁商级前面应该用定冠词the衣示特
此处
privilege
作动词,且主语
h e
在前,应该用被动 指另一种方法就是将M 高级readiest改成ready,
语态,表示 被陚予特权由于此处是因,前半句是 用不定冠同a表示泛指。
“
果,动作发生在前半句之前,所以用现在完成时,需 . understanding 'understood iff法错误。前一句讲述
10
加上 been 。 的是英语为什么成为人丨IT?:握的主要语言,本句进
1
5. /\u s~to
词汇错误。丨
ook
表示
“
看,注意",这里不是 -步闸述原W It指代的是前一句的主语English.
强调
“
狞
”
这个动作,而表示
“
他会向我丨
n
详求标准用 与understanding构成现ft进行时,在意义上不符,
法 ” , W 此要加介词 to 形成固定搭配 look to 表水 W 此® 用过去分丨司形式,表尔被动,意为"与其他语
指望,依赖”。 言相比,英语理解得更为广泛”
“
r
linguist丨c /liQ’gwistik/fl• 语 (学)的 identity /ai dentiti/ w. 特性
coextens丨ve /.kauikstensiv/ a•有同样范HI的 by no means 决不
语 property /prnpati/ •财产 reflect /ri’flekt/ v•深思
境 other than 除了 criticize/criticise /kritisaiz/ v/.批 it:
词
usage /*ju:zid/ n. f$i|] privilege /*privilid/ v•给予...特权(或优待)
汇 3 3
outnumber /aut’nAmba/ v. 数 W:上超过... cream /kri:m/ it•精华
scholarship /"skolajip/ w•学问 bulk /bAlk/ /I•(大)lrt
V J
• 44 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage ^6j
It is convenient to distinguish between nonverbal and verbal
communication, just as is to distinguish between decoding and ( )
1
encoding processes, but such distinctions can be misled. ( )
2
COMMUNICATION is a system, simultaneously engaging in (3)
encoding and decoding processes. In social settings, we only
occasionally speak, but we cannot “not behave.” To understand
nonverbal communication it is necessary to appreciate the
interdependence of the verbal and nonverbal components of
simultaneous encoding and decoding processes. An example of
this interdependence may have seen in the cognitive processes ( )
4
directing verbal and nonverbal behavior. Both encoding and
decoding can vary from being automatic to reflective and ( )
5
deliberate, but verbal communication is typically more deliberately ( )
6
and cognitively demanding than nonverbal communication.
Furthermore, if we assume that there are limited cognitive
resources available for encoding and decoding verbal and
nonverbal components, then altering the cognitive demands on any ( )
7
one process can affect other processes and the course of
communication.
In general, to the extent that nonverbal processes require less ( )
8
cognitive resources than verbal processes do, nonverbal
communication is more resilient than verbal communication.
Moreover, specific interpersonal goals can make the encoding of (9)
nonverbal behavior (e.g., a difficult impression management task)
and the decoding of nonverbal behavior (e.g., looking for evidence
of deception) less automatic and more cognitively demanding.
Understand the dynamic relationships between encoding and ( )
10
decoding aspects of verbal and nonverbal behavior is a critical step
in understanding the broader communicative process.
• 45 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是语言交际与非语言交际的区别„区分语言交际和非语言交际就像分辨解码和编码过程•样很方
便,但此类区分可能it人误解交际是一个系统,解码和编码两个过程同时存在。在社交场合,我们只是有时说话,
但是我们不能不用动作表现为了理解非语言交际,有必要了解语H 交际和非语言交际同时编码和解码过程的组
成部分之间的互相依存关系,理解二者之间的动态关系是理解更广泛的交际过程关键的一步
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. Ais—it语法错误。此处as引导状语从句,表示“正 此句的意思是“语言交际比非语言交际更加审愤和
1
如.像...一样”,与前一句进行比较,从句中缺少主 笛要更高的认知能力。”
语,故应该加上it作形式主语。 7. altering—^changing词汇错误。alter意为“改变,变
. misled •■misleading 词汇错误 misled 是 mislead的 更”,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成
2
过去分词,意为“误导”,从上下文语义判断,此句不 另一种車物;change意为“改变,变化”,使事物变得
是被动语态,be在此作系动N , 需耍形容isj作表语,故 与之前不同。此处要表达的意思是“改变任一过程认
应改为misleading,意为•■令人误解的”。 知能力的要求将会影响其他过程和交际过程。”这种
3. in」〆同汇错误。engage in是固定搭配,意为“从 改变不是表面的变动,而是变成不同的认知要求,故
事,参加”,放在此处语义不通,engage可以作及 应该用change,符合上下文语义。
物动词,表示“占用”,故要把介词in刪掉,此句的意 . less-*fewer词汇错误。丨ess为little的比较级,用来
8
思是“交际是一个系统,解码和编码两个过程同时存 修饰不可数名词,而此处接的是可数名词的
在。” fi数形式resources,故应改为fewer
4. have^—beift法错误此句的主语example与谓语动 9. IVloreover—Neverthe丨ess/However 语篇错误。由上
词see是被动关系,故应该把have改为be,构成被 下文语义判断,此句与前句之间是转折关系,不是递
动语态。 进关系,上…句指出非语言交际要求史少的认知资
5. 八 reflective—being 语法错误。此句用了 from... to 源,比语言交际适应性更强,本句则指出特定的人际
结构,to为介词,要接名同或动名词,故应该在 交往目标可以使非语言交际行为的解码和编码过程
reflective 前加上being,与前面的 being automatic X 要更高的认知能力,前后形成对照,故应改为表转
对称。
折关系的连间Nevertheless或However
. ddibcrately—►deliberate 语法错误 deliberately 为 . Understand - *Understanding 语法错误.此处动 i*ij
6 10
副间,意为“慎重地,故意地”,此处若和cognitively 短语作主语,应该用动名词形式,故应改为Un-
一起修饰demanding ,则ifj义不通,故应该把 derstanding
deliberately改为形容词,和demanding并列作表语,
distinguish /di’stirjgwijV v/• 区分,辨別 nonverbal /nr>n v3:bal/ a•非言语的
decode /di:'kaud/ v/•解码 encode /in'kaud/ v/•编码
misleading /.mis’li:dir]/ a.令人误解的 interdependence /.intadi pendens/ /!• Ij:相依赖
语 component /kam’paunant/ /i•(组)成(部)分 simultaneous /.simdlteinids/ a. 同步的
境
cognitive /*kr)gnitiv/ a•认知的 automatic /,o:ta'maetik/ a.自动的,无意识的
词
reflective /ri’flektiv/ a•思考的 deliberate /di'libaret/ 〇•审慎的
汇
availab丨e for对...有效 resilient /ri'ziliant/ fl.冇弹性的
interpersonal /,inta’p3:sanal/ a.人与人之间的 deception /di’sepj an/ w•欺骗
dynamic /dai'naemik/ a•动态的 critical /kntikal/ a•关键性的 )
V
• 46 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
= Passage ______________________________________________
In an effort to explain how most of language, which is not so
directiy relatable to meaning, derived from an onomatopoeic
beginning, the discipline of etymology began. Through studying
the derivational history of words (etymology) the naturalists tended to ( )
1
demonstrate that the origin of all of language was ultimately
relatable to words which directly reflected the meanings of their
referents.
The first philosophical forum on language eventually was (2)
developed into a discussion on the regularity of language patterns.
Two basic theoretical positions merged as explanatory frameworks (3)
for language, that which opted for irregularity and that which
insisted that language was essentially regular. From the
pre-eminence of latter position it became popular to explain the ( )
4
irregularities of language on the basis language somehow became ( )
5
corrupted with proper usage through time; this theoretical position ( )
6
regarded the older forms of language to be the pure forms. ( )
7
By the Nineteenth Century there was a severe reaction to the
highly speculative nature of the philosophizing about the original
language of man which had characterized much of the study of
language up until then. The interest was still historical, and the ( )
8
goal was not so idealistic. It was a romantic era of a rediscovery of
the national past; the mother tongues of nations and families of
nations rather than the mother tongue of the whole human race
became the focus of attention. The romantic nationalism was a
definite influence, but perhaps a more basic cause of the more real ( )
9
goal was the reaction to previously unscientific speculations. ( )
10
f
完成日期 用时 错误数量统计
备忘笔记:
• 47 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是语言的起源。为了解释语言是由模拟自然界的卢音开始的,词源学诞生了通过研究词的起源,
博物学家试阁证明语言的起源与那些直接反映其所指物意义的词相关第一个语言哲学论坛最终演变成对语言形
式规则性的讨论,产生了诰f‘f是不规则的和规则的两大理论观点。19世纪人们对人类语言起源卨度推测性的理论
研究产生了强烈的反应,人们甩新探索W 家的过去、关注W 家的母语,而不是整个人类的母语,
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. tended -Mntended 同汇错误。tend to do 表示“倾向 前后语义矛防,故应改为反义词improper,与前面语
于做……".intend to do表示“想要,打算做……”, 义保持一致
此处要表达的意思是•‘博物学家想要证明语言的起 7. pure —purer词汇错误。本句前面用了比较级the
源与那些直接反映K所指物意义的词相关,”故应把 older forms.相位地此处也应该用比较级,表示“这
tend改为intend,符合上下文语义 种理论观点认为越IU的语言形式越纯正 ”故应把
.1
. was—jmjT语法错误此句的主语核心词fonrni与iW pure 改为 purer
2
语动同develop之间是主动关系,应该用主动语态, . and—but语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,本句与前
8
意为“第一个语R竹学论坛M终发展成了对语言形 半句之间应该是转折关系,不是并列关系,前半句指
式规则性的讨论",故耍把was刪掉,, 出人们的兴趣仍然是从历史的角度_ 释语言,本句
3. merged—»emergcdi司汇错误:n丨erge意为“合并,相 则指出B 标不是理想主义的,前后形成对照,故应改
融”,emerge意为“形成,出现”.此处要表达的意思 为表转折关系的连词but:,
是“形成了解释语言框架的两大基本理论观点。”故 9. real—►realistic词汇错误。real意为“现实的,真实
应该丨丨丨merge的形近閩emerge,符合上F 文语义 的”.强调戊实存在的,realistic意为“实际可行的,现
4. A latter—►丨he间汇错误。前句提到了两种基本的理 实主义的”,此处和L文的idealistic goal (理想主义
论观点:语肓是规则的和不规则的,此处指第二种 的目标)相对,故应该用realistic,表示“现实主义的
观点,表示两者之中的“后者”前面需要加上定冠词 目标"。
the . previously- *previousiiij汇错误previously 为副词,
10
5. basisA—that语法错误此处是同位语从句,从句中 意为“事先,先前”,此处若用来修饰unscientific,
不缺少任何成分,故耑要IH从诚连词that引导,且 则语义不对,故应改为形容词形式previous (先
不能竹略。 前的.以前的),作定语,和unscientific —起修饰
. proper • '► improper i/i篇错误..此句前面说到iftfY会 speculations
6
逐渐出现错误(corrupted),而此处则说恰当的用法,
derive from 源自... onomatopoeic /.ona.maetapiiik/ a. 拟声的
etymology /•eti’rrmlad i/ w.词源学 derivat丨onal /.deri’veijanal/fl. i秀导的,得来的
3
naturalist /naetjaralist/ /i. 博物学家 referent /refrant/ /i.指示物
语 philosophical /.fila'SDfikdl/ a•哲学上的 forum /*fo: r m/ /i.论坛
9
境 regu丨arity /.regiulaeriti/ w•规则性 theoretica丨 / i retikal/fl•理论(上)的
词 0 9
emerge /i’m :d / v/.出现 exp丨anatory /iks^laenatari/ a• 说明的,解释的
汇 3 3
framework Areimw3:k/ n•框架,构架 opt /opt/ vi (for)选择
pre-eminence /pri’eminans/ n•杰出,中:越 speculative /"spekjulativ/ a. 推测的
idealistic /ai,die'listik/ a•理想主义的 era Aer9/ /i• 时代,纪元
V __J
• 48 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 上 J
Schools throughout the world are experiencing a period of
rapid change and, in many cases, are finding that extremely ( )
1
difficult to achieve a balance among a number of critical concerns.
Some of the issues that educators and schools are facing include
certainty about what academic and cultural knowledge and skills ( )
2
will be needed by students in the future, wholesale revisions of
curricula, experimentation in teaching strategies, the need for
teachers and students to become aware and competent in using ( )
3
new technologies, dramatic changes in bureaucratic and legislating ( )
4
policies and regulations, and increased demands on teachers.
With the exception of the education system in the United
States, perhaps no education system has been studied more (5)
intensively than of Japan. In 2001, in a well-balanced presentation ( )
6
of the Japanese model of schooling, including its similarities to
and fro differences with that in the United States, Tsuneyoshi (7)
characterized the American approach to education as one that
places an emphasis on competitiveness, individual attention from
teachers along with individual accomplishment on the part of
students, development of cognitive abilities, and separation of
teachers in terms of their disciplines. In contrary, the Japanese ( )
8
approach (particularly at the elementary school level) focuses on
the “whole childM; close interactions between teachers and pupils
for long periods of time in cooperative settings with attention to
collected goals, tasks, and rewards; and efforts to provide the same ( )
9
or very similar treatment for all students. One advantage of the
American approach that is seriously missed in the Japanese (l〇)
approach is the former’s attention to diversity and a sensitivity and
concern for minority rights.
• 49 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是学校教疗的文化模式转变。世界各地的学校正在经历一个快速变化的时期,很多时候很难ft众
多的关键问题之间获得平衡.教存家和学校面临的问题有:学生将来苫要什么样的专业文化知识和技能、课程的全
面修改.教学策略的实验、师生需耍掌捤新的科学技术等等。除了关W 的教疗制度以外,日本教疗体制也被广泛研
究。美闰的教育强调竞争性、学生的个人成就、认知能力的发展等,而日本的教育强调孩子的整体发展、师生紧密关
系和对所有学生一视同仁。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. 丨ha丨—it语法错误此句的宾语是不定式短语t6o. Aof—that语法错误此句用了比较级,对其他|k)家
1
achieve a balance,这!fi :要 用 it充当形式宾语, 的education system和日本的进行比较,故应该加
构成find it difficult to do...结构,而that不能充当 上that,指代日本的教育制度。
形式宾语,故要改为it。
7. 间汇错误。短语to and fro ,S为“来来回回”,
. certainty- -uncertainty语篇错误。根据上下文义, 放在此处不符合句意。这里的to 是与similar-
2
上一句提到了很难在诸多问题之间获得平衡,故可 ities搭配,意为“与……的相同点”,它们与and后
以推断教合家和学校对学生将来X 要什么知识和技 的differences with共同接宾语that (指代教ff投
能应该是不确定的,所以才会成为面临的问题 式),表示“与美闰教育模式的相同点和不同点”由
之一,志把certainty改为uncertainty,衣示“不确
此可知fro是多余的,应删掉。
定,未知”。
8. contrary—»con丨rast 词汇错误 in contrast 为间定挤
3. awareA—of 间汇错误。此处 aware and conipe- 配,表示“相反”故应该把contrary改为contrast
tent并列充当系动词become的表语,此句后面接了
9. collec丨ed—►collective 同汇错误,collected 作形容网
动名词短语 using new technologies,故 aware 后
意为“镇静的,泰然自若的”,collective意为"共同
而应该加上介同of,意为“知道的,怠识到的”,
的,集体的”,此句要表达的意思是“集体的H标、任
4. legis丨ating—legislative 词汇错误 legislating 为动词 务和冋报”,故应该用collective,符合文意
legislate的现在分词形式,可以充当名同,而此处:
. missed—missing ii〇汇错误 missed作形容词意为
10
要一个形容词与bureaucratic —起来修饰policies
“错过的”.missing意为“缺少的;丢失的;失踪的”,
and regulations,故应改为形容i司形式丨egislative,
此句要表达的意思是“美国教育方式的一个长处,
意为“立法的,法制的"。
同时也是日本教疗方式严® 缺乏的一点,那就是注
5. 八education—other词汇错误。根据上下文语义,上
学生的多元化发展和关注少数人的权利”故应
1
—句已指出除了美国的教存以外,故此处应该加上 改为missing,符合文盘
限定词other,说明没有其他的教疗制度比日本的受
到了更广泛的研究。
issue /iju:/ /I.问题,争论点 academ丨c /.aeka demik/ a.学术的,纯理论的
wholesa丨e /*haulseil/ a.大规模的 revision /ri vi ^n/ n .修 iT
语 3
curricu丨a /ka'rikjula/ /!•课程(curriculum 的鉍数) experimentation /eks.perimen teij an/ n .实验
境
词 competent /kDmpitant/ a.能胜任的 bureaucratic /.bjuara’kraetik/ a•官僚政治的
汇 legislative /*led isleitiv/ a.立法的 regulation AregjVleiJ an/ if• 规章,规则
3
intensive丨y /irVtensivli/ ad.彻底地 wd丨-ba丨anced /wel’baelanst/ a.均衡的
V J
• 50 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage ^9j
Changes in the technology of communication are occurring so
rapidly that we human beings now move through a cloud of
messages as densely as a locust-storm. Every new device increases (1)
the speed and the outreach of the last, and young people are now
governed by the gadgets in their hands, which don’t merely contain
their lives and also to a great extent dictate them. ( )
2
Of course, the print media still exist. There are old-fashioned
people like myself who make a living by writing things, and
old-fashioned people like you, who support us by reading, or at
any rate buy, what we write. But maybe it’s only people like us (3)
who are able really to regret for the changes that are sweeping (4)
away so much that we depended upon. The rest of the world is
caught up in the torrent of gadgets, each new model is designed to ( )
5
relieve its owner of one more source of spiritual exercise or one ( )
6
more obstacle to fun. Memory now exists behind a screen. Very
few is stored in our heads, and our recollections drift in cyberspace ( )
7
like asteroids, unconnected to the orbit in which we move.
Written letters are a thing of past, and essays are downloaded ( )
8
from the sites devoted to them. Research means surfing the web,
and as for social life一this is a matter of tweeting and twittering as
one drifts through cyberspace. Facebook friendships bubble up in a
moment, and consist of a mutual agreement between strangers to (9)
put themselves on display. More and more does it seem that
putting yourself on display is what it is all about, which there is ( )
10
nothing more to love and friendship than being mutually visible.
f
完成曰期: 丨 用 时 |~ 1 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 51 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是通m 技术变化带来的影响。通汛技术h 新月异,使得人类处在铺天盖地的信息之中。每种新的设
备都提供了更快的速度.更多的外展服务,现在时髦的年轻一代都受制于他丨门手中的通m 产品也许只有守旧的人
才会为此感到遗憾.w为这些变化大大削弱了我们过去所依赖的印刷媒体,而其他人全都被卷入信息技术的漩涡
每个新款的设计都是为了帮助拥冇的人摆脱脑力劳动或享乐的障碍,网络上人与人之间的友谊仅是展示n 己而别
无其他。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. densely—»denseift法错误。此处as... as结构作后K designed和逻辑主语each new model构成独立主
1
定语,用来修饰messages,相当于从句which are 格结构》
a&.. as,故应该用形容形式,把densely改为dense, . spiritua丨一MnentaliiO汇错误 spiritual 意为“销神的,
6
此处意为“像蝗虫风暴一样密集的信息。” 心灵的”,与“肉体的"相对而言。mental意为“智力
. and —► but词汇错误。此句前面的merely相当于 的,脑力的",此处要表达的意思是“脑力活动”,故应
2
only,应该用not only... but also...结构连接两个 该把 spiritual 改为 mental,.
语contain和dictate,表示“他们尹中的通汛产品 7. few—HUle词汇错误。few可作名词,用来指代可数
不仅包括了他们的生活而且还在很大程度上控制荇 名词.little也可作名词,用来指代不可数名词,此处
他们。” 指代memory.故应该川little
3. buy—^buying词汇错误。此处动词buy和前面的 . /\pas丨—the问汇错误„此处past作名词,意为“过
8
reading •列,与介词by连用作方式状语,而不是和 去”,常和the搭配使用,此句的意思是“书信已经是
support并列作谓语,故应改为动名同形式buying 陈年往事。”
4. foi— 词汇错误。此处regret意为“对……感到遗 9. of—»in同汇错误。consist of意为“由...组成”,
憾,后悔",作及物动词.后面不:要介词,故要刪除 consist in意为“存在于”,此句要表达的意思是“网
for。
络友谊存在于和陌生人之间的一个协议中,即双方
5. is— •或/\68<;11—>811(1语法错误。从结构来#,前后 瓰怠相互嵌示自己。”
两个分句都是完整的句子.耑要有一个连词连接, . which _ *that语法错误此处的从句和前而的that
10
前后两句在意义上是并列的关系,故可以加上连间 从句并列.作句中的表语,且句中不缺少任何成分,
and。或者把后一个分句的谓语is去掉,过去分同 应该ft丨从W 连M that引导,故把which改为that
locust /*l9uk9st/ /!• tS 虫 outreach /aut’ri:tJ n• 范序
7 1
torrent /tDrant/ /i. 洪流 gadget /gaed it/ n•小机械
3
语 obstacle /*Dbstekl/ it•障碍 reco丨丨ection /.rekalekjan/ /i. 回忆
境 cyberspace /saibaspeis/ /i• 虚拟信息空间,网络空间 asteroid /aestaroid/ /i. 小行星
词
orbit /*〇: bit/ /I•轨道 tweet /twi:t/ vi•.岐岐叫
汇
twitter /tw丨ta/ w•.喳喳地叫 drift /drift/ W•漂移
bubble up 冒泡 mutuaHy /*mju:tjuali/似/•互相地
V )
• 52 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage TOj
Language is fantastically complex. Its built-in means of
combining and recombining (nesting) of its various levels have ⑴
suggested to many leading linguists that language is
theoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage. ( )
2
It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significant
leveling out of language any more than one could detect by
observation that the sun is burning itself out.
As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that ( )
3
the restructuring process of language overrides the streamlining
process resulted in a qualitative positive development of ( )
4
language. If we decide that language did originally develop,
possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do ( )
5
so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle. This type ( )
6
of a prioH reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-Nineteenth
Century “speculative grammar’’ which was pre-scientific in modem ( )
7
sense of the word.
However, the observable data neither indicate that such a ( )
8
period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they ( )
9
suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or process
of simplification that would have to have come into operation at
some time after such a pre-historic development. Noam
Chomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentieth
century, has indicated that human language and animal
communication are not even comparative entities because they (i〇)
are so different.
f I j j
完成曰期 用 时 | 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 53 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是语言的起源。语言是极其复杂的,语言各层次嵌人式的组合和 组表明语言理论上是无限的,虽
1
然实际日常使用中并不是如此。没有一个语言学家声称语言的®:构过程优先于梢简过程,从而导致语言质的发展
如果我们认为语言是由动物语言进化而来,耶就只能假定进化是一个普遍有效的原则,此类推理iE是19丨丨t纪前思
辩语法的基本谬误.而观察得到的数据既未表明前历史发展时期的存在,也没有为此后的平衡状态或简化过程提
供原W 。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. have~^has语法错误。此句的主语核心词为means, . by— 词汇错误此句中分词短语assuming... to
1 6
表示“方式,手段”,是单数名词,根据主谓一致原则, be...(假定,认为)作状语,表示条件,相当于if we
谓语动同也应该用单数形式,故把have改为has。 assume...,by在此处足多余的,故应该删掉。
. practical —practically词汇错误。此处和前面的 7. Amodern +the间汇错误sense在此处作名同,意
2
theoretically (理论上)相对,用来修饰so,故应该用 为“意义,意思”,是可数名词,此处特指evolution这
副词形式practically,表示“实际上”。 个词的现代怠义,故前面应该加上定冠词the>
3. conscious —aware 词汇错误 as far as I am . However—Furthermore/Moreover 语篇错误。由上
0 8
aware为间定短语,表示“就我所知”,相$ 于as far 下文语义判断,此段与前段之间应该是递进关系,不
as I know aware在此处意为“知道的,明卩丨的”,侧 是转折关系。前段指出“人类语言是由动物语言进化
重“感官所意识到的外界事物”,而conscious侧重 而来”的观点是一种谬误;本段接着指出观察得到的
“心理感知",故应该把conscious改为aware注意 数据也不能论证人类语言起源于动物语言这一观
as far as I am concerned表示“就我而言”,表达 点,是对前段更进一步的解释说明,故应改为表
的是自己的观点,而下文是关于语言学家的观点, 示递进关系的副词Furthermore或Moreover
故不宜改为concerned 9• 八they—do语法错误。此句用了 neither... nor...的
4. resu丨ted—resu丨ting语法错误。此处分词短语作状 结构,表示“既不……也不……”,nor是表示否定意
语,表示结果,与句子前面的部分是主动关系,相当 义的连同,放在句首时主谓语应该部分倒装,故此处
于which results in.应该用现在分词形式,故改 应该在主语they前面加上助动词do
为 resulting . comparative—^comparable comparative
10
5. evolving A—from词汇错误。evolve作“进化”解时, 意为“比较的,相对的”,comparable表示“可比较
常为不及物动词,此处需加上介词from与后面的 的,比得上的”,此句要表达的意思是“人类语言和动
animal communication搭配,表示“由动物语言进 物语言甚至都不是可以比较的实休,因为二者之间
化而来”,符合上下文语义。 的差别太大了。"故应该用comparable。
built-in /tbilt'in/ a. 嵌人的 linguist wist/ n•语言学家
detect /d丨Hekt/ 察觉,发现 observation an/ /i.注意,观察
vt /.DbzaveiJ
as far as am aware 就我所知 purport /p _p〇:t/ v,•声称
1 0
语 restructure /,ri: strAktJ / W. 新组织 override 优先于
9 /.9UV9_raid/
境
streamline v•梢简 result in 导致
/*stri:mlain/
词
汇
qualitative
/kw nlitativ/fl.
(性)质的 evolve from 由...进化
evoution n.演变,进化 valid a. 也效的
丨 /,i:valu:j3n/ /Vaelid/
reasoning /Vi:zanir]/ /i•推理,推论 fallacy /faelesi/ n.
equilibrium
/.iikwilibriem/
n. 平衡 entity
/*entati/
n•实体
)
• 54 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage J l j
Poetry doesn’t matter to most people. One has to wonder if
poetry has any place in the st century, when music videos and
21
satellite television offer daunting competition for poems, which
demand a good deal of attention and considerate analytic skills, as ( )
1
well as some knowledge of the traditions of poetry.
In the 19th century, poets like Scott, Byron, and Longfellow
had huge audiences around the world. Their works were best
sellers, yet they were cultural heroes as well. But readers had few (2)
choices in those days. One imagines, perhaps false, that people (3)
actually liked poetry. It provided them with narratives that
entertained and inspired. They gave them words to attach to their (4)
feelings. They ei\joyed folk ballads, too. In the sense, music and (5)
poetry joined hands.
In the 20th century, something went tx> amiss. Poetry became (6)
“difficult”. That is, poets began to reflect the complex of modem (7)
culture, its fierce disjunctions. The poems of Ezra Pound, Hilda
Doolittle and T.S. Eliot asked a lot of the reader, including a range
of cultural references to topics when even in the early 1900s had ( )
8
become little known. To read Pound and Eliot with easy, for (9)
instance, one needed some knowledge of Greek and Latin poetry.
That kind of learning had been fairly common among educated
readers in the past. The same could be said for most readers in the (10)
th century—or today, when education has become more
20
democratized and the study of the classics has been relegated to a
small number of enthusiasts.
I iTf
’完成曰期丨 | 丨错误数置统
备忘笔记:
• 55 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是19世纪到20世纪诗歌的普及度。19世纪,诗歌受到大众的喜爱,为人们带来快乐、催人奋进,
表达了人们的内心感受。而 世纪以后,诗歌开始变得难慷,诗歌对读者要求很高。到了今天,教育已经越来越民
2 0
主化,对于经典的学习已经降级到少数热心人士,人们不由地担心诗歌在 世纪是否还能存活,
2 1
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. considerate-—considerable 词汇错误。considerate 作表语,通常表示主语的某种状态向另一种状态
1
表示“体贴的,体谅的”,在这里与上下文不符,从前 转变,且其后接的形容词常表示贬义此处go
面的a good deal of可以推测,这里表示“大tt的” amiss为固定搭配,表示“不顺当”。
意思,应该是considerable,意为“相当多的”。 7. complex— 词汇错误。complex作名同
. yet *and语篇错误。句末的as well(也)表明此句与 时,表示“综合体,集合体,情结”,此处与modem
2
上一分句一样表示褒义,语义上W 于并列连接的关系, culture搭配不合适。complexity意为“ fi杂,鉍杂
yet有转折之义,不符合语义,故改成and。 性”,此处表明“现代文化的复杂”,符合上下文的语
3. fa丨st—falsely语法错误。本句逗号中间的内容作插 境.进一步说明 世纪以后诗歌开始变得难怖的怙
2 0
人语,用来修饰前面的动词imagine,表示“认为诗 况。
歌受到大众喜欢的观点或许是错误的。”故应将形容 . when—that/which语法错误:本句是定语从句,用来
8
词false改成副同falsely。 修饰先行词topics,并且在从句中充当主语.所以应
4. They-It语法错误。根据前一句“诗歌的叙述为人们 该用关系代同that或which来引导,而不用when。
带来快乐、催人奋进”,it指代的是poetiy,接下来, 9. easy *easeift法错误.easy是形容词,不能与介irijwith
本句提到“表达了人们的内心感受”,主语仍然是指 连用,with ease是间定搭配,表示“轻而易举地”。
poetry,故将 T'hey 改成 It。 . Abe—not语篇错误。前一句提到“对于过去受过教
10
5. the—►a词汇错误。in a sense是间定搭配,表示“从 育的读者来说,了解希腊和拉丁语诗歌坫很平常的
某种意义上说”,放在此处符合上下文句意。若要用 亊”。本句破折号后解释说“到了今天,教育已经越
the,则通常用 in the sense that/in the sense of... 来越民主化,对于经典的学习已经降级到少数热心
的形式,观察此处,可知不能用the。 人士身上。”由此可以判断, 世纪的读#与过去的
2 0
. to—〆语法错误。go用作连系动同,其后接形容同 读者并不相同,所以应该在本句中加否定词not,
6
satellite television 11星电视 daunting /do:nti〇/ a•使人畏缩的
considerable /kansidarabl/ a 相当大(或多)的 ana丨ytic /aena’litik/ a•善于分析的
语 best seller 畅销书 narrative /*naerativ/ /i•叙述
境
attach to把....放在 ballad /baeled/ it•民潘
词
汇 go amiss不称心;不顺当 comp丨exity /kam’pleksiti/ "• K杂(性 )
disjunction /dis.d 八r]kj an/ /i. 分裂 democratize /di'mDkrataiz/ 此 使民主化
3
relegate /Veligeit/ v•使降位 enthusiast /in 8ju:ziaest/ n•热心者
V )
• 56 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 12j
Whom can you trust these days? It is a question posed by
David Halpem of Cambridge University, and the researchers at the
Downing Street Strategy Unit who take an interest in “social
capital". In intervals they go around asking people in assorted (1)
nations the question: 44 Generally speaking, would you say that
most people can be trusted?”
The results are fascinated. The conclusion that leaps from the (2)
figures and into sensational headlines are that social dislocation, (3)
religious decline, public scandals, family fragmentation and the
fear of crime have made us more trusting. Comparative surveys (4)
over 40 years suggest that British trustfulness had halved: in the (5)
1950s 60 per cent of us answered "yes, most people can be
trustedM, in the 1980s 44 per cent, today only 29 per cent. Trust
levels also continue to fall in Ireland and the US—meanwhile, the
Norwegians, Swedes, Danes and Dutch express tremendous
confidence in one and another’s honesty: levels are actually rising. (6)
In Mexico and Japan the level of trust is also increasing, that is (7)
interesting if mild bewildering. And the Palme d’Or (金棕糊奖) (8)
for mutual suspect goes to the Brazilians—with less than 3 (9)
per cent replying “yes”一and the Turks with 6.5 per cent The French,
apparently, never trusted each other and still don't. Nevertheless we (10)
become less Scandinavian and more French (or Turkish) every
year.
日 期 | |用 时 | |错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 57 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是信任危机剑桥大学的大11 •哈尔朋等人对世界不同W 家的人的调杳结果衣明,在过去的40年
里,英I *1人对他人的信任度降低了 •半,在爱尔兰和关丨*1,信任度也在持续下降;而々此同时,挪威人、瑞典人、丹忐
人、荷兰人的信任水平却在上升=在墨西埘和日本,人与人之间的信任度也在提高,而巴西、土耳其和法国的信任度
最低。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. In—At词汇错误at intervals是固定搭配.表示“不 定词组,农示“相互”,故删掉and
时地.每隔一段时间' 7. that—► which或A that-•► and语法错误3 本句是非限
2. fascinated-■•■fascinating W 汇错议本句主 if!■是 The 制性定语从句,用which指代前面幣句话的内容,
results,此处应该表明结果足•“有趣的,吸引人的” 表明“在堪两哥和丨〗本,信任度也在提商,这个现象
fascinating多用来修饰1丨f物,表术‘•打趣的,吸引人 M 然冇咚令人不解,倒也很存趣” 本句也可以在
的",而fascinated常用来修饰人,表示“人迷的,被 that前加连词and表并列.that则变成指示代间,指
吸引的".故此处位改为fascinating 代前一句话的内容。
3. are—*is语法错误。本句主语不是headlines,也不是 8. mild—mild丨y语法错误if后所接的形容同与前面的
figures,ifficonclusion,that leaps from... head- interesting形成语义上的转折.mild和bewildering
lines是定语从句,用来修饰conclusion, W 此谓语 均为形容间,但两者并非并列关系此处应将mild
应该用单数is。 改为K•副间形式mildly修饰bewildering,表‘程
4. more—less语篇错误。根据下文提到的各(51信江度 度上的“温和”
的不断下降.可以推断出此处more是不符合语境的 9. suspect—suspicion同汇错误suspect作名同农示
且前半句提到的社会混乱、宗教衰落、公众丑M ,家庭 “嫌疑人,嫌疑犯"。本句意为“相互猜忌的金棕搁焚
破裂以及对犯罪的恐惧这些负面的W 素,成该足造 非巴两人和土耳K 人莫诚此处足以一种幽默的方
成我们不那么信任的原N 故将more改成less 式来表明巴叫人和土耳其人的信任度较低”猜疑,
5. had—♦ has语法错误,suggest在本句中表示“暗示, 怀疑”应该用suspicion,而不是suspect
说明”,主句是一般现在时,从over 40 years可以 10. Nevertheless—So/Therelbre if丨篇错误斯堪的纳维
判断这里强调的是英W 的倍任度在40年来的变化, 业人(Scandinavian)主要指丹麦、挪威、瑞典等北欧
所以用现在完成时表禾动作从过去持续到现在.而 国家的人们,该段中间用一系列的数据表明英国人
不是用过去完成时.. 的信任度在线下降,由此可以判断英M 人越来越
6. and—*■叫rtf 词汇错误 fi•先 one and another 的表 不橡斯m 的纳维、K人,ifi丨越来越法丨si化了,敁后一
述是不正确的。另外,此处讨论的是各个W 家信仟度 句足对前文的总结,从上下文的语义来判断,句间
的变化,挪威人、瑞典人、丹去人、荷兰人对人相互间 的逻辑关系应为WJfi关系。
的诚实正直表示了极大的信心one another是间
对 感兴趣 丨 •间隔 1
take an interest in ........ interva Antaval/ /i
〇 •各种各样的 —般来讲
assorted /9’s :tid/ a generally speaking
leap /li:p/ vL Vi sensational /sen’seijanal/a •引起轰动的
语 dislocation /.disld keij an/ /i •泥孔 religious /ri1id3es/ a 宗教的
境
decline /di klain/ w •食退 scandal /skaendal/ n. II.
词
汇 fragmentation /.fraegmen teij an/ n .破碎 comparative /kampaerativ/ a . 相对的
•减半 极大的
halve /ha:v/ v tremendous /tri’mendas/ a .
丨 •使迷惑 相互的
bewider /bi’wilda/ v/ mutual /*mju:tjual/ a .
V
• 58 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage ^3j
Some social scientists have claimed that divorce harms
children for the rest of their lives leading them to form marriages
as happy as their parents’. But other recent studies say marital
⑴
breakups have mixed long-term effects, foster growth in some
(2)
children and the resolve to build happier marriages of their own.
In support of the second viewpoint, a recent Pew Research
Center study suggests that when divorced parents remarry, the (3)
kids’ own marriages may benefit from the example of a parent’s
second, happier union. Indeed, some 60% of children who grow up
in stepfamilies say their marriages are closer than that of their own
⑷
biological parents, says the Pew survey of 2,691 adults, conduct (5)
last October. Also, some 70% of people with step-relatives say
they are very satisfied with their family lives, the Pew study
shows. The study indicates that the stepkids may be benefiting
⑹
from a parent’s positive bond with a stepparent.
Still, blood is thicker than water. The 42% of Americans who
have at least one step-relative typically feel a strong sense of
⑺
obligation to their biological parent, child or sibling than their
step~relatives, the Pew survey says. Significantly higher
percentages of correspondents said they would feel obligated to
⑻
provide financial help or care with a biological relative who was in
(1〇)
trouble, compared with those who would help a step-relative who
was in trouble.
^ 完成曰期| |用时丨 i错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
V.
• 59 .专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是父母离异子女也能受益的话题一些社会科学家呰经声称,离峤会伤害孩子一辈子,导致他们的
婚娴像父母一样不幸但近期另外一些研究表明,婚姻破裂造成的长期影响有好有坏,W 为它会促进部分子女成
长,并使他们下定决心为ft己建立更幸福的峤姻关系研究指出如果离娇父母各irwm,比原来更幸福的第二次结
合可能会成为子女的榜样,从而造福于子女的婚姻。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. happy—*unhappy ■篇错误。本句开头提到“一些社 6. the (stepkids)—_ 间汇错误本句是说“这项调杳
会科学家呰经声称,离婚会伤害孩子--辈子”,接下 说明.继子女或许正受益T 亲生父/母与继母/父之
来用同组lead to(导致)表示后果,即结婚后子女们 间的积极婚姻关系。”后文提到的a parent和a
的娇姻会像父母一样不幸,所以happy在此处不符 stepparent都是泛指,W 此相应的stepkids也足泛
合上下文语境,应该改为unhappy。 指,故去掉定冠同the。
2. foster—fostering语法错误。逗号前面提到“但近期 7. strong—stronger语法错误。本句后半部分出现了比
另外一些研究表明,娇姻破裂造成的长期影响冇好 较词than,而从该段开头提到的“血浓于水”可知,
有坏”,逗号后面的内容是对长期影响的进一步解 此处应该是指对亲生父母的义务感史强烈,故用
释,B[1 “促进部分子女成长,并使他们下定决心为自 stronger。
己建立更幸福的娇姻关系”此处应该用现在分间作 8. than A —to语法错误。than后面出现的是their
伴随状语,故改成fostering step-relatives,此处然不是将主语42% 的美网人
3. when >if语篇错误。本句逗号前而提到“离婚父母各 与继亲作比较,而是将“对亲生父母、亲生子女或亲
A 再婚”,后面说“父母的第二次结合史幸福,可能会 兄弟姐妹的义务感”与“对继亲的义务感”进行比较.
成为子女的榜样,从而造福于子女的婚姻。"从句子 即 obligation to their step*relatives, 此处杏略
之间的逻辑关系来判断,此处不是强调动作在时间 obligation,故应在than后ifi丨加上介词to
上的一致性,不能用when,前者是实现后者的条 9. correspondents —respondents 词汇错误。corre-
件,故用心 spondent表示“ itl者”,与上下文不符前一句是在
4. 丨hat Ihose语法错误。本句将their marriages(子女 描述调杏的结果,与调丧冇关的应该是“被调杳的对
的婚姻)与 their own biological parents’ mar 象”,用respondent比较合适,表示“受i方者”,本句
riages (他们 亲生父 母的娇 娴) 作比较 ,此处 指代的 是指“相当商比例的受访者说……”
姓 marriages,应改为 M 数 those
10. with-»for
i<〇汇错误
provide sth. for sb.JS
;•常用表
5. conduct—^conducted语法错误。本句的谓语应该是 达.表示“给某人提供某物”,注意应与provide sb.
says,所以conduct只能用非谓沿形式,这1R con- with sth.K分开来,两种表达意思- -致,但sth.和
duct是用来修饰lii丨曲'的Pew survey,并11M 被动关 sb.位置不同,所用介is]也不同,本题应该把with改
系,故丨丨_丨conduct的过去分同形式conducted作后 成 for,
ffi定语。
r ~
divorce /di’vo:s/ /i./v•离婚 breakup /breikAp/ w.终止
foster a/ v/.促进;养育 resolve /ri'znlv/ w.决心
语
stepfamily /step.faemali/ n. 冇继父(或继母)的家庭 biological /•baia.lndsikal/ a. 勹•物学的
境
词 benefit from从...中获益 bond /tmnd/ /i•联系
汇
obligation /.obli geij an/ n. 义务 sibling /*sibli〇/ n•兄弟姐妹
respondent /ri spnnd^nt/ n. 受访者 fee丨obligated to有义务做...
J
V
• 60 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage [14| _
People learn languages all the time, and for all kinds of
reasons. For example, you probably have various reasons to study (1)
English than your classmates. But have you ever thought about
creating entirely new language from scratch? There's been a boom (2)
in made-up languages recently, driving by the epic "Lord of the (3)
Rings" and other fantasy movies and books. The trend has also
fueled as more and more people venture online. There are (4)
websites, discussion boards, and chat rooms that teach how to
build a language, others that share new languages, and some that
seek collaborators. Made-up languages aren’t restricted on Star (5)
Trek fans and Esperanto speakers.
It spends time and determination t» create a new language. A (6)
creator needs to do more than substitute existing words with
invented ones. There’s rhythm and intonation to consider—how
does the language sound when spoken? If ifs invented for humans (7)
in a movie or book, how does biology change the sound? How
does it represent the culture of the people who speak it? Then there
are grammar rules, such as masculine and feminine nouns or verbs,
word order, or the use of irregular verbs. Even if a simple language (8)
can take years to develop.
Yet the new languages don't have the same sticking power as
real languages like English. As for the made-up languages of
today, there are an infinite number of reason behind their creation. (9)
Some people do it as a hobby, another as a way to relax. Some just (10)
like the challenge.
i T j
曰 期 用时1 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 61 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是新语言创造的现象。受科幻电影和互联网的影响,人们开始热衷于“创造新语言'随荇越来越多
人上网,网上也出现了教人们创造新语言、分享新语言的网站和聊天室等。这大大推动了“创造新语言热”的发展„
然而,创 造 -门全新的语言绝非易事,因为创造者不仅仅需要替换现有词汇,而且需要考虑节奏和语调—— 比如为
某种“非人类”创造的语言,该物种会如何改变声音。创造的语言当然也不会像现实语言那么有生命力。人们创造新
语言的原因也多种多样:或为爱好,或为放松自己,或作为一个挑战
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. various…different词汇错误。various指“名目繁多 6. spends lakes同汇错误。spend和take都有“花费”
的”,而different意为“不同的”,强调差別,常与 的意思。spend的主语为人,常用于sb. spend sth.
from或than连用,表示“与...不同的"。而various on (in doing) sth.句型。take表示“花费”时,主语
不能与下文的than构成搭配,故将various改为 常用 it,用于 it takes+sb.+time+to do sth.句型中。
different,, W 此将spends改为takes
2. 八entirely -—an同汇错误D language既能作可数名 7 . humans,non-humans语篇错误。由下文的“生物如
词,也可以作不可数名词,作可数名词意为“某国的
何改变声音”中的biology可推断此处不是指人类,
语言”,作不可数名词时,意为“某人说的话”,本文指 humans在此与句意不符,要改为与它意思相反的
的是前者,为可数名词,联系上文可确定此处的you non-humans,
指“你”,故相应地language也用单数形式,应在 8. if咿语法错误。Even if为让步状语从句的引导词,
entirely前加上不定冠间an 意为“即使”;而Even为副间,本身就表示“甚至,即
3. driving—driven词汇错误。根据句意,这种创造新语 使”。在该句中,由于只有一个句子,不存在从句,故
言的热潮是受到科幻电影和书驱动的。分析句子结
需将if刪掉。
构,driving... books作定语修饰boom,被修饰的成 9. reasomeasons语法错误。reason为可数名同,当
分boom跟 drive是被动关系,故需用过去分词 reason 被 an infinite number of(无限多)修饰时,
driven 〇 需要用复数形式,故将reason改为reasons此外,
本句中的there are也提示reason应用复数形式。
是被动关系,故此处为被动语态,需在fueled前加 10. anothei^ others词汇错误。another指“(三个或三
been。整句意为“越来越多的人上网推动了这种趋势。” 个以上中的)另一个”,常用于one... another...的句
5. on—to词汇错误。be restricted to为固定搭配,意 型中。而some常跟othere连用,表示“一些……而
为“局限于”,故需将此处的介词on改为to。 其他...”。故将another改为others。
from scratch从零开始 boom /bu:m/ n .激增,迅速发展
made-up /.meicTAp/ a .编造的 epic /"epik/ n•史诗
lord /b:d/ w •领主,君主 fantasy /faentasi/ /i •想象,幻想
语
境 venture /ventja/ v/•大胆行事 discuss丨on board 讨论板
词 collaborator /ka laebareita/ /i•合作者 trek /trek/ W■艰苦跋涉
汇 Esperanto /.espa’raentD/ n .世界语 substitute /sAbstitju:t/ v/•代替
intonation /.inta’neiJan/ n .语调,音调 masculine /Vnaeskjulin/ n•阳性
feminine /*feminin/ w•阴性 irregular /i_regjula/ a .不规则的
V
• 62 •= Passage j ---------------------------------------------------
15
Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan tx>
clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a
relative threat to children’s health that isn’t as easy to get rid of: (1)
third-hand smoke. That’s the term being used to describe the
invisible yet toxic mixture of gas and particles clinging to (2)
smokers’ hair and clothing, not mention cushions and carpeting, (3)
that linger long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. (4)
The reminder includes heavy metals and radioactive materials that (5)
young children can get on their hands and ingest, especially if
theyVe crawling or playing on the floor.
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston
coined the term “third-hand smoke” to describe these chemicals in
a new study that focused on the risks they pose to infants and
children. The study was published in latest issue of the journal (6)
Pediatrics. 44Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, but
they don’t know about this,” said Dr. Jonathan R Winickoff, the
leaded author of the study and an assistant professor of (7)
pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. "When your kids are out of (8)
the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they
strap the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and
smoke, and they think it’s okay so the second-hand smoke isn’t (9)
getting to their kids," Dr. Winickoff continued. 44We needed a term
to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't invisible.M (10)
f
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1
备忘笔记:
• 63 •@ 专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是-:手烟的危苒三手烟指的是庑间里烟味消逝很久之后,吸烟者头发和衣物上仍携带狞的看不
见但軒# 的气体和颗粒,这鸣包括敢金M 和放射性物质在内的残余物,沾满了婴幼儿的双手甚至被他们吸收到体
内每个人都知逍二手烟有害,但是他们并不知道三手烟的危害性。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. relative-仰丨3丨1!(1 i司汇错误relative作形容词时表 医学期刊”,这里最新一期的期刊是特指,故® 要加
示“相对的,比较的”,也可表示“相关的,有关系的”, 上定冠词the。
但意为后者时通常不放在名同前1*1:接修饰名词,而 7. leaded -lead同汇错误leaded作形容词时,表示
是后接介词to形成固定搭配所以这里应该改成 “加铅的,键铅的而后面修饰的名词是author,语
related (相关的),灯接修饰后曲' 的名词threat 义搭配上不恰当。丨ead作名间可以表示“主角,领
2. gas _>gases语法错误. 山于上文用到了 mixture - 舞",在这里与author形成间定用法,表示“第一作
词,表示“混合物”,由此可知这里的gas应该是指 者”。
“各种各样的气体”,当表示这个含义时.gas是可数 8. your-Uieir语法错误。全文从未使用第二人称进行
名词,应该改成复数形式。 表述,从下文they might sm oke可知,此处的小孩
3. 八mention—to词汇错误。not to mention是固定搭 也是指那些抽烟者的小孩,故将物主代同改为
配,表示“史不用说”,必须加介词tou their
4. linger ■Jingers语法错误。本句that引导的是定语 9. so—^because语篇错误。so的前半部分提到“许多父
从句,修饰的先行同是前面的mixture.故谓语动词 母认为只要把孩子放在后座上,打开车窗,这样抽烟
要用单数形式lingers本句意思是“房间内的二手 就没有问题",后面提到“小孩没吸到二手烟”,从句
烟淸除许久之后,仍有看不见的气体和颗粒的有毐 子之间的逻辑关系来判断,本句的W 果关系颠倒了,
混合物残留在座垫、地毯或吸烟者的头发和衣物 是前果后W ,故将so改成because
上。” 10. invisible—»visible 或 aren’t—»are 语篇错误„ 本句使
5. remindenemainderiB]汇错误 _ reminder 表示“令 用了双t 否定,则原句表肯定的含义,即我们X 要
人回忆的东西,提解物”,在这里与上下文不符。前 一个术语来描述这些#得见的香烟岛素而这与第
文提到仍有看不见的有毐混合物残留在房间 —段对“三手烟"的定义明M 相悖,“所谓三手烟是
内,这® 继续谈到残留物包含的物质,如® 金W , 指房间内的二手烟淸除许久之后,仍残留在座窀、
辎射物质等。所以此处应改为reminder的鉍混词 地毯或吸烟者头发和衣物上看不见的气体和颗粒
remainder,表示“剩余物,残余部分” 的有毐滟合物”这些有毐气体本身是“看不见”的.
6. 八latest—>the词汇错误。latest表示“最新的”,本句 所以本句在.§思上应该表示否定u
话的意思是“研究结果发表于最新一期的《小儿科>
^ \
fan /faen/ /!•闼子 identify /ai’dentifai/ vA 认出
get rid of 去除 invisible /丨nVizebl/ •看不见的
cling to依附 cushion /kuj an/ n•塑:子
语
境
Unger /lirjge/ vi•继续存留 remainder /ri meinda/ /l 残余
radioactive /.reidiau’aektiv/ a•放射性的 ingest /irVd est/ v/.吸收
3
汇
crawl /kro:l/ v•爬行 infant Anfant/ n. 嬰儿
pediatrics /.pi:di’aetriks/ w•小儿科 strap /straep/ v/.用带扣住
crack /kraek/ v•打开 toxin /tnksin/ n.
V J
• 64 ••第三* 1°°篇 麵 制 _
Passage 16|-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Today women earn almost 60 percent of all bachelor’s
degrees and more than half of master’s and Ph.D.’s. Many people
believe that, as this may be good for women as income earners, it (1) _________________
foreshadows ill for their marital prospects.
As Kate Bolick wrote in a nuidMiiscussed article in The
Atlantic last fall, American women face t4a radical shrinking pool (2) _________________
of what are traditionally considered to be ‘marriageable’ men—
those who are better educated and earn more than they do. ’•
Educated women worry that they are scaring potential partners, (3)
and experts claim that those who do marry will end up with
satisfactory matches. They point to outdated studies suggesting (4)
that women with high earnings than their husbands do more (5)
housework to compensate for the threat to their mates* egos.
Is this really the fate facing with educated women: either no (6)
marriage at all or the marriage with more housework? Nonsense. (7)
That may have been the case in the past, but no longer. By 1996,
intelligence and education moved up to No. 5 on men’s ranking of (8)
desirable qualities in a mate. The desire for a good cook and
housekeeper had dropped to 14th place, near the bottom of the
18-point scale. The sociologist Christine B. Whelan reports that by
2008, men’s interest in a woman’s education had arisen to No. 4, (9)
just after mutual attraction, dependent character and emotional (10)
stab 出 ty.
^ 完成曰期 | i错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 65 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是女性学历与婚姻的关系,虽然女性受教育的程度越来越高,收人越来越高,但很多人对她们的娇
姻前景不看好。专家认为受过良好教宵的女性的婚姻都不尽如人意,有研究敁示收人比丈夫高的女性做的家务多,
这样可以弥补对男性伴侣fr擇的威胁。M 近有研究表明情况发生了变化,教育状况已经上升到男人寻求伴侣理想
品质排名的第4位,教育不会影响女性找到理想伴侣。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. as (this)—while/though/although 语篇错误。.本句 样可以弥补对男性伴侣自尊的威胁'
说“女性受教育的程度越来越高有助于提高她们的 6. with—♦ jjtkfT同汇错误。face作动词时,表示“面临”,
收人”,下一句提到“她们的婚姻前景却并不可观”, 是及物动词,可以直接接宾语,不X 要加介词with.
两句之间是让步关系,不能用表示原因或时间的连 另外可以用作be faced with,表示“面临”。
词as,
7. the—»a词汇错误。本句是either... or结构,表示
2. radical -*radicallj•语法错误,radical 是形容词,表 “或者……或者……",本句意思是说“要么没有娇
示“根本的;激进的”,shrinking在这里是形容M ,
姻,要么就是婚后家务不断,受教育的女性命运就
表示"缩小的”,因此要用副词来修饰,故改为 该如此吗? ”此处的婚姻并非特指某类娇姻或某人
radically,表示“适婚男性急剧减少的状况”。
的娇姻,而是泛指,所以将定冠词改成不定冠间。
3. scaring A iway词汇错误。scare是动词,表示“惊 8. 八moved—had语法错误,本句开头出现的短语
吓,恐吓”,此处讨论的是受教f 女性很难找到if想 By 1996,即“到 1996年为止",表示动作从过去某
伴侣,她们的高学历不是恐吓到对方,而是U:潜在 个时间持续到1996年,因此耍用过去完成时,此处
的伴侣望而却步,因此用词组scare away吏合 :加助动词had。
适,表示“吓跑"。
9. arisen—risen间汇错误。arisen是动同arise的过
4. satisfactory *unsati.sfactory 语篇错误。前文一直在 去分词形式,表示“出现,产生”,此处指“男性对女
讲述高学历女性择偶难的问题,本句开头说高学历 性教育和智力状况的兴趣已经上升到第四位了 ”,
女性担心吓跑对方,and表示并列,W 此后面专家 W 此要用动词rise的过去分词risen,表示“上升”。
的言论应该和前面的观点一致,即S 终结婚的人 10. dependent—► dependable 词汇错误。dependent 表
婚姻也不令人满意,而不是满意,故改为unsatis-
示“依赖的,依靠的”,强调依赖某人或某亊,经常
factory。
和介词on连用dfi丨此处强调男性对女性品质感兴
5. high—higher语法错误。本句后面出现的than表明 趣的排名,后面搭配的是character“性格”一词,
这是一个比较句,应该用形容词high的比较级 应该用d印endable更合适,表示“可以依赖的,可
higher,表示“收人比丈夫高的女性做的家务多,这
以信赖的”。
bachelor /baetjala/
/丨•学士学位
master /Vna:sta/
/i•硕士
foreshadow /fo:’Jaedau/ v. 预示 marital /mserital/ a.婚姻的
语 radically /'raedikali/ 似/.以激进的方式 shrink /Jrir]k/ W•收缩
境
end up with
以...告终
unsatisfactory /Ansaetis'faektari/
a•不能令人满意的
词
汇 outdated /aut deitid/ a.过时的 ego /丨: g a u /n .自尊
sociologist /.S9usi’nlad3ist/ w•社会学家 mutua丨/ "mju:tjual/ 仏 相互的
dependable /di pendabl/ at. 可信赖的 stability /sta'biliti/ /i•稳定
V J
• 66 •第 三 章 100篇 标 准 改 错 训 练 @
Passage 17j---------------------------------------------------
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies
grow and muscles develop with the input of adequate nutritious (1)
food. Otherwise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain (2)
our keen mental power and expand our intelligent capacity. (3)
Constant learning supplies us inexhaustible fuel for driving us to (4)
sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning
incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the time in the (5)
information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of
uncertainty.
Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy
to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of
knowledge. On contrary, learning should be a never-ending (6)
process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changed (7)
so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a
person lag behind. What’s worse, the animalistic instinct deep in
our subconsciousness will come to life, and weakening our will to (8)
pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away
obstacles to our success, even killing our desire for the refinement
of our characteristic. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the (9)
stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore,
to stay mentally younger, we have to take learning as a lifelong (10)
career.
^ 完成曰期 用时 ^错误数置统计|
备忘笔记
• 67 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是终身学习。学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样.只有不断学习,才能保持我们敏锐的心智能
力,并扩充我们的智力容M 。一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。在这个卨速发展的信息时代,学习应该是一
种从生到死,永无终止的历程。W 此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的爭业
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. input _*intake词汇错误,易混词误用。input的意思 “时代”。
为“投人;输人电路'intake的意思为“摄人,吸收", 6. /\〇)11的^_>1||6间汇错误。固定短语0111116«)11比017
此处要表达的意思应为“吸收足够的的营养食物”, (相反地)中的定冠词不能竹略。
故应把input改为intake,
7. changed—changing语法错误。with之后的部分是
2. Otherwise -^Likewise 或 Similarly 语篇错误。oth 独立主格结构,独立主格结构由“名词+动同分间”
erwise 之 前的句 子所表 达的意 思是“ 我们的 身体只 构成,而究竞是用现在分词还是过去分词,由名同和
有吸收了足够的养分,才能生长发存”,而otherwise 动N 之间的逻辑关系决定,主动关系用现在分词,被
之后的句子所表达的意思是“不断学习,才能保持我 动关系则丨H过去分词。该句中world与change之N
们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容丨r ,这 是主动关系,所以应该用现在分识]changing
两句之间是类比关系,所以应该用表示“类似地,相
8. and > 语法错误。此处weakening是现在分
似地”这一意义的副词likewise或similarly,而不是
同作幣个句子的伴随状语,与下文的sapping...和
表示转折意义的otherwise 3
killing...并列,故不能用连同and连接
3. intelligent-♦intellectual 词汇错误。intelligent 的意思
9. characteristic .► character 间汇错误、characteristic
为"聪明的;智能的”,intellectual的意思为“智力的;
怠为“特征,特色” .character意为“性格,品质”,此
理智的”,intellectual capacity是固定用法,怠为“智
处要表达的意思是“隐藏在我们潜意识下的忾性将
力能力”。
苏解,甚至会抹杀我们净化人格品质的愿锘”,所以
4. 八 inexhaus丨ihle' -with 同汇错误。supply —访]的基 应该用 character,而不是 characteristic .
本用法是supply... with...,意为“为...提供...”,
10. younger,young语篇错误。此处并没有比较的怠
所以此处应补上与supply相搭配的介N with
思,只是表示“保持心理年轻”这一状态,所以不用
5. time-…mes词汇错误。此处要表达的意思是“与时
比较级,而用原级
代保持同步",而time表示“时间”,times才能表示
/
day by day 逐日 inexhaustible /.inig'zo:st9bl/ a .尤穷尽的
reasoning /riizamr]/ n .推理 incessant丨y /in sesntli/ 似/•不停地
keep pace with并巧齐驱 infallible /in faelabl/ a•万无一失的
warrant /*WDrant/ n•保证 vegetation /,ved3i teij an/ n. 物
语
fallacy /*faelasi/ n .谬论 acquisition /.aekwi’zij an/ n .获得
词 from the cradle to the grave —生 cease /si:s/ n•停止
汇
lag behind 落后 animalistic /.aemma'listik/ a .汽性说的
instinct /"instirjkt/ /i•本能 subconsciousness /.SAbkonJasnis/ /i. 潜意识
sap /saep/ v/.逐渐 R蚀 refinement /ri'fainmant/ n .净化
stagnation /staeg’neijan/ n• 停滞(性) foss丨Hzation /.fnsilai’zeijan/ n .化石作WJ
• 68 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 18j
I have been teaching for longer than I care to say, and
always offer a course for entering freshmen. And I’ve
discovered something quite elemental: all young people
have knowledge-thirsty minds that can be awakened and
encouraged to examine the world they inhabit in. (i)
So why do we hear so many professors describe their
pupils so hostile to learning? ru stipulate the obvious: (2)
colleges want good students. Because by that, they (3)
generally mean highly SATs and GPAs. Sadly, this ⑷
expectation continues at college where, as Harvard’s
Harvey Mansfield states, professors believe “that what
theyVe doing the research on is exactly what students (5)
need to know.”
How best to get more students into college and get
them thinking? A start would be to abandon the
constrictions of academic fields. I know of a class that a (6)
professor invites the students to ponder human nature.
They cites Alexander Hamilton, who wrote that human (7)
beings are “ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious.M And
then Thomas Jefferson, who held that “morality,
compassion, and generosity are innate elements in the
human constitution.M This is a discussion worth of a ⑻
college course, in which every one of us can bring
information and insights to the analysis. This can also
happen in the sciences. Thus there^ a geology course that
starts the professor saying, “After this semester, you’ U (9)
never look at a rock in the same way again." Of course,
the students are expecting to put in a lot of hard work. But (10)
teachers like that make them willing to do it.
f 完成曰期 用时 错误数置统计
备忘笔记:
• 69 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是大学教育的目标。在作者看来,所有青年人都渴望学习知识■=那么,为什么会听到那么多的教授
抱怨自己的学生不爱学习,甚至对学习持有敌对态度呢?答案a 而易见:大学只偏爱那些考试得高分的“好学生”,而
教授们也认为“他们正在做的研究就是学生们真正需要知道的”,大学的课堂是以研究教授们感兴趣的课题为中心
而不是以激发学生的思维为中心。因此,只冇解除学术的制约才能比更多的人进人大学学习并引导他们去思考
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. in 间汇错误inhabit是及物动同,表示“居住 用关系副间where。
于”,所以应去掉介词in。 7. They-»He/She语篇错误。从上下文来看,cites的主
2. so *as同汇错误。describe... as...是间定短语,用 语应该是教授,而不是学生。此处是对教授的教学
来形容或说(某人或某啦物)有某种性质,此处要表 方法的描述,意为“教授引用一些名人名言来启发
达的意思是“很多教授说A 己的学生不爱学习",所 学生思考人类的本性”,所以应该选用人称代词
以应该用so替换成as。 He 或 She。
3. Because—But语篇错误。上文提到大学需要好学 8_ worth —worthy词汇错误。worth放在名词后面作
生,此处说好学生指考试得分高的,这两者间不 后置定语时,通常用worth doing的结构,如:This
是因果关系,所以Because不对.、由by that和 is a question worth discussing 而 worthy 作后
generally可知,所谓好学生这个概念是有局限的, 置定语时,用“worthy of+名同”的结构此处的结构为
此处解释好学生只指考试得分高的,与上文有转 “of+名同”,所以应该HI worthy,而不是worth
折关系,故应用But。 9. starts A—► with 同汇错误。start with 表示“以...
4. highly -,high语法错误。这里要修饰的间是SATs 作为开始”,此短语放K 在此处符合逻辑,表示一个
和GPAs,它们是名词性的词,所以应该选用形容 “以教授发言开始的”地质课程,而其后紧接荇就是
词high來修饰。 教授的话。
5.丨 he_ -► 词汇错误。do research是间定短语,表示 10. expecting-expected语法错误(,报据上下文,此处
“搞研究,进行调査”,而且这里并不特指某一项研 主语students与expect之间应该是被动关系,表
究,只强调这一动作,所以去掉定冠同the 示“被期望”,整句的意思是“当然,学生也被寄予
6. that —-where语法错误。引导词所指代的先行词a 期望投入许多努力”。
class在定语从句中作地点状语.所以引导词应该
freshman AreJmaen/ /i.大一新生 knowledge-thirsty a•滿求知识的
awaken /a'weikan/ v/•叫醒 inhabit /in'haebit/ W.居住于
hostile /tmstail/ a.敌意的 stipulate /stipjuleit/ v•保证
语 SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test)学术能力评估测试 GPA (Grade Point Average)平均成绩点数
境
词 abandon /a’baendan/ v/•放弃,遗弃 ponder /pnnda/ v/.深思
汇
cite /sait/ vt 引述 vindictive /vin'diktiv/ 〇•报复性的
rapacious /ra’peij as/ •强夺的 morality /ma'raeliti/ n.
innate /I’neit/ a.天生的 constitution /.knnsti’tjujan/ n•构成
insight Ansait/ /i.洞察力 geology /d i’Dlad i/ w•地质学
3 3
• 70 •第三章100篇标准改错训练(^ )
= Passage 19J
I came to Africa with one purpose: I wanted to see the
world outside the perspective of European egocentricity. I could
have chosen Asia or South America I ended up in Africa because
the plane ticket there was cheapest.
I came and I stayed. For nearly 25 years I have lived off and
on Mozambique. Time has passed, and I’m no longer young; in (1)
fact, I’m approaching to old age. But my motive for living this (2)
straddled existence, with one foot in African sand and the another (3)
in European snow, in the melancholy region of Norrland in
Sweden that I grew up, has to do with wanting to see clearly, to (4)
understand.
The simplest way to explain what IVe learned from my life in
Africa is through a parable about why human beings have two ears
and only one tongue. Why is this? Probably so that we have to (5)
listen twice as much as we speak.
In Africa listening is a guided principle. It’s a principle that (6)
has lost in the constant chatter of the Western world, where no one (7)
seems to have the time or even the desire to listen to anyone else.
From my own experience, IVe noticed how much faster I have to
answer a question during a TV interview than what I did 10, (8)
maybe even 5, years ago. It’s as if we have complete lost the (9)
ability to listen. We talk and talk, and we end up frightening by (10)
silence, the refuge of those who are at a loss for an answer.
/ 完成曰期i 丨用时F j错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 71 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是非洲聆听的艺术。大约25年前,作者从瑞典诺尔兰来到非洲大陆的莫桑比克。从那以后,他就一
直在非洲和欧洲两地交替居住,为什么他会来到非洲,答案只有一个:他想从不同于欧洲中心论的视角来矜#这个
世界。在非洲,聆听是一个指导原则,它让作者懂得了人为何有两只耳朵而只有一张嘴巴.而在欧洲,人们好像已经
失去了聆听的能力,他们没有时间也没冇欲M 去聆听其他任何人的声音。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. on A - >in词汇错误。此处off and on是固定词组, 定短语,意为“指导原则”,符合上下文的怠思而
意为“断断续续地,时不时地”,在句中作状语,而动 guided principle表示“被指导的原则”,不符合文
词live与其宾i/j Mozambique之间缺少介间,应补 意。
上相应的介词in。 7. Al«st 语法错误。此处lose的主语that指代
2. to 词汇错误。当approach后接宾语,表示在时 的是先行词principle, iM principle与lose之间应
间或空间上接近某物时,通常用作及物动词,所以 该是被动关系,所以动词应改为被动语态形式t 整
删掉介词to。 句的意思为“在喋喋不休的西方世界中,人们已经
3. another-mother词汇错误。根据常识判断,此处应 丢失了这一原则”。
特指另一只脚,所以用表示“特指两者中另外一个” 8. whut-^jvWf语法错误。此处than连接两个比较对
的间组 the other,, 象,than前半部分,即第一个比较对象是一个句子,
4. that—where语法错误。此处是一个定语从句,其先 所以后半部分也应该是一个句子,而what引导的
行词是表示地点的名词短语,引导词在从句中作 从句在语法上相当于一个名词,前后比较对象在结
状语,所以用表示地点的关系副词where引导从 构上不一致,所以删掉what,,
句。 9. complete—»c(>mpletely语法错误。此处修饰动同
5. and小ut语篇错误。下文提到人类倾听是说话的 lost,应该选用副间形式completely
两倍,由此可推断此处是人类有两只耳朵和一条 10. frightening—^frightened语法错误。由介词by可以
舌头的对比,两者间应该是转折关系,才符合倾听 看出,此处并非end up doing sth.结构根据句总,
多于开口的语义,only —词也提示了此处应改为 frightening在此应作伴随状i/i由下• frighten跟主语
butj we之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故X 要将fright
6. guided -guiding 同汇错误:guiding principle 是间 ening 改为 frightened: 介词 by 也印 证了这 一点。
A
perspective /pa’spektiv/ /!•视角 egocentricity /.egeusen’trisati/ n. 我中心
off and on断断续续地 approach /e'prautj/ v.靠近
语
straddle /*straedl/ v•跨坐或跨立在(某物)上 existence /igzistans/ /i.生活(方式)
境
词 melancho丨y /"melanknli/ a•令人消沉的 parable /*paerabl/ w.寓言;比喻
汇 principle /*prinsapl/ /!•原则 chatter /tjaeta/ n .喋喋不休的闲聊
refuge /Vefju:d / n•庇护所 at a loss闲惑,不知所措
3
V. )
• 72 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 2〇J
For many, the pursuit of happiness is also the pursuit of
prosperity. Part of the American dream is the ability to provide (1)
your family, have a job that pays the bills, and puts a roof over
your head. The last few years of economical uncertainty have (2)
made this dream harder to attain for millions of U.S. citizens and
legal immigrants. Twenty-four million Americans are employed or (3)
underemployed. Meanwhile, there are 7 million illegal workers
with jobs in the U.S. We could open up millions of jobs for
citizens and legal immigrants even if we simply enforced worksite (4)
immigration laws.
El-Verily is a program that helps preserve rare jobs for U.S. (5)
citizens and legal immigrants. It allows employers to check what (6)
prospective employees are legally authorized to work in the U.S.
The program is free, quick, and easy to use—persons eligible to
work immediately confirmed 99.5 percent of the time. More than (7)
270,000 employers across the U.S. voluntarily use E3-Verify, and
the average of 1,300 new businesses sign up each week. I’ve (8)
introduced the Legal Workforce Act to require all U.S. employers
to use EJ-Verify. This bill is one of the most significant steps we
can make to preserve the pursuit of happiness for millions of U.S. (9)
citizens and legal immigrants while curbing incentives for future
illegal immigrants.
The U.S. has been and will continue to be a nation of
immigrants. And we are also a nation of laws. And we must (10)
enforce our laws to protect and preserve the rights and freedoms
that make America so great.
f f
完成曰期: 用 时 |^ ;错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 73 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本 文 讨 论 的 是 美 国 移 民 。对 很 多 人 来 说 .追 求 幸 福 就 是 追 求 繁 荣 。冇 能 力 供 养 家 庭 、有 T.作 、有 房 子 是 美 闰 梦 的
一 部 分 ,但 过 去 几 年 经 济 上 的 不 稳 定 使 得 美 闻 梦 对 丁 很 多 美 国 公 民 和 合 法 移 民 来 说 更 难 实 现 ., 如 果 我 们 实 施 移 民
法 ,就 可 以 为 许 多 美 N人 提 供 就 机 会 电 子 验 证 程 序 可 以 方 便 快 捷 地 检 验 应 聘 的 鹿 员 是 否 冇 合 法 的 权 利 在 美 N
T.作 ,这 样 可 以 保 护 关 W公 民 和 合 法 移 民 获 得 稀 少 的 就 业 机 会 。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. provide八 +for 或 provide—support 词 汇 错 误 「 pro- 和不寻常的东两,而scarce带有短缺的、不能满足
vide作 及 物 动 W意 为 “提 供 ”,放 在 此 处 不 符 合 文 意 , 笛求的意思。此处指的是就业机会少,供不应求,故
provide for为 尚 定 搭 配 ,表 示 “供 养 ,抚 养 ",此 句 应该Hj scarce.
要 表 达 的 意 思 是 “供 养 家 庭 的 能 力 ”,故 应 该 增 加 一 6. wha丨1'whether/ifift法错误。此处是宾语从句,引导
个 for. 或 者 把 provide改 为 support,也 以 表 示 同在从句中不充当任何成分,小能用引导词what
“供 养 ”。 引导,由于动词check表达的含义不确定,故应该
2. economical —economic 同汇错误 economica丨意为 用whether或if来引导,表示“是否”,此句的意思
“节俭的,实湛的”,economic意为“经济的,经济学 是“ E-verify允许廂主检查将来的厢员是否有合法
的”.根据h下文语境,此处要表达的意思是“过去 的权利在美国工 作 ”
儿年经济上的不稳定使得美M 梦史难实现”,故应 7. 八immediately -》are语法错误。此句的iR语动词
改为economic,符合I:下语义. confimi与主语persons是被动关系,表尔“被确
3. employed、unemployed iff 错误此句 M彳连丨司 or 认”,且此句Ml来补充说明。前曲的主句用了 一般现
连接两个并列的表语,表示选抒关系,总为“或,还 在时,根据时态一致原则,此处应该加上are构成
是”,根据上下文语境,后面一句指出700万非法移 一般现在时的被动语态。
民在美国拥有工作,中间用meanwhile衔接,表示 8. the >an丨>3汇 错 误 an average of为间定搭配,总
对比,可以推断出前一句要表达“笑国公民和合法 为“平均”,此句的意思是“每个星丨W平均布1300家
移民在失业”之意,故此处应改为unemployed,.g 企业注册.”故应该把the改为an
为“2400万美闻人失业或半失业”
9. make—Hake词汇错误。此句是定语从句,修饰先行
4. even—p<€fT语篇错误。even if意为“即使,尽管”, 间steps,step表示“措施,步骤”,应该和take搭
表示让步关系,由上下文语义判断.前面指出:我们 配.意为“采取措施”。
可以为美闰公民和合法移民提供许多n作,后句说
10. And (we are>-*But语篇错误。由上下文语义判
到:我们实施了移民法,可见,后者构成前者的条
断.此句和前句的逻糾关系应该是转折关系,不是
件,故应该去掉even,用if引导条件状语从句„
并列关系,前句指出“关㈤矜经,并将继续是一个移
5. rart *scarce间汇错误。rare和scarce都存“稀少 民闻家”,后句则说“美闽也是一个法治闻家”,二者
的,罕见的”的意思,但不同的是:rare主要指名资 形成对照,故应该用表示转折意义的连词But
/
provide for 供 养 uncertainty MnS3:tanti/ n .不 确 定
underemployed /Andarim’ploid/ a. 半 失 业 的 open up开 放
语 preserve /priZ3:v/ 保 存 scarce /skeas/ a .不 足 的
境 prospective /pra spektiv/ 未 来 的 ,可 能 的 authorize /*3:09raiz/ v/• 授 权 ,批 准
词
汇
eliglb丨e /elid3ibl/at. 有 恰 当 资 格 的 confirm /kan'f3: m/ W•证 实
voluntarily /Vr>lantarili/ 似 / . 自 愿 地 sign up签 约 鹿 用
workforce /*W3:kf〇 :s/ w.劳 动 力 curb /k3:b/ W• 控 制 ,约 束 )
V
• 74 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 2lJ__________________________________
It’s the holiday season and that means kids by the millions are
asking Santa for the opportunity to blow away enemy soldiers and
aliens on the Xbox or PlayStation. Would parents be worried about (1)
buying such gifts? Violent video games are now an established
part of our culture; recent releases of games such as Call of Duty:
Modem Warfare and Skyiim have setting sales records for media (2)
releases (topping even blockbuster movies) and garnishing lavish
reviews for their artistic merits. Ten years ago, scholars and
politicians raised the possibility such games might contribute to (3)
school shootings or other youth violence.
Our modem fears over Violent video games appear to be in
line with prior moral panics over media as diversely as jazz music, (4)
comic books and Harry Potter. Granted, too much passive
activity, including video games, can contribute to obesity. Unlike (5)
anything else, gaming should be eryoyed in moderation, balanced
with outdoor activity, allowed enough time for family and (6)
schoolwork. A very small number of kids exhibit signs of
pathological gaming. And regarding concerns about aggression, it (7)
appears to be that, fairly early on, children learn to distinguish
between fantasy and reality, and their brains don’t treat these
phenomena the same. Santa Claus is a primary example. Despite (8)
that not only their parents but all of society conspiring to lie to (9)
children about the reality of this fellow, children can reason out the
improbability of its existence by the mid-elementary years. With (10)
those kinds of reasoning powers, kids can handle a video game
that doesn’t even claim to be real.
/完成曰期[ 1 用时| 丨错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 75 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是电子游戏。暴力电子游戏已经成为我们文化的一部分,M 近一些电子游戏的发行几经突破销俾
的历史纪录。然而10年前,学者和政治家指出楗力游戏可能导致学校的枪击案和其他铋力亊件我们现在对电游
的恐惧似f-和先前对媒体逍德的恐慌如出-•辙。太多的舴态活动,如玩电子游戏,可以导致肥胖但是玩电游似f
不会影响孩子的楗力倾向,因为孩子具冇推理能力,很早就学会区分幻想和现实。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. Would —Should间汇错误D would表主观上的意 状语,修饰前面句子,应该州现在分W 形式,故应
愿.should表客观丨:的应该,此句问的是父母应不 改为allowing注意不要误以为allowing与前面
应该为买此类礼物袒心,而不是想不想意担心,故 的谓语动词enjoyed和balanced并列,不然它们
应改为Should 共同主语就是gaming,意为“游戏使得足够多的时
2. AseUing-»been语法错误。乍一看可能以为此句是 间留给家庭和作业。”明显语总不对。
用现在完成时,故把现在分词setting改为过去分词 7. And—But语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,此句与前
set,但是看完整句发现句中用and连接了两个并列 句之间应该是转折的关系,不是并列关系,前句指
的谓语动同set和garnish,而后者H1的是现在分同 出玩电子游戏的负面影响-----小部分孩子表现
形式,那前面的set也应该用现在分词形式,故应该 出病态游戏的征兆,本句则指出孩子们似f•很早
在前面加上been,变成现在完成进行时。 就学会区分幻想和现实,闲而玩电游不会影响孩子
3. Asuch—that语法错误。根据上下文语义,分句such 的攻击性,前后对照,故应该用表示转折总义的连
games... other youth violence 是用来解释 possi is) But
bility 的内容 , 应该是 possibility 的同 位语, 故应该 8. primary--*prinie 词汇错误 primary 和 prime 作形
,i.
用连词that引导,that在从句中不充当任何成分, 容词都有“主要的,最初的”的意思,但 prime还有
只起连接作用。 “M 好的,典型的”之意,此句要表达的意思是“圣诞老
4. diverse丨y—^diverse 语法错误,. as+fl./fltha丨 法错误 < 此处和前面的that从句7. therefore—► however语篇错误。上文已经提到非费
并列作argue的宾i/丨,that在从句中不充当任何成 利医院一直避开M 化他们为社区提供的慈善医疗服
分时,通常"丨以宵略,似此处作为第二个分句的引 务,本句则说近期的经济萧条使“侦探”的眼光聚焦
导词不能省,故要加上一个that.这样句子条理会 到医院所提供的慈善医疗服务tt h,前后形成对照,
更清晰,不容易引起歧义。 故此处应改用表示转折关系的however。
2. need—needj•词汇错误。need为名词意为“需耍", 8. question _*(]uestiuning 语法错误此处 question 应
用在此处不太适合,needy作形容词意为“贫穷的”, 该作动词,衍此句前而已经出现丫谓语have shown
the+fl.,表示一类人.此处的意思是“穷人”。 up,故question只能是非谓语形式,由于它与主语
3. the—a词汇错误此处冠同修饰的study为可数名 reports之间是主动的关系,故用现在分词形式,作
词,意为“研究”,在文中是第一次提及,故应该用不 伴随状语,意为“质询,对……提出疑问”。
定冠词a。 9. well A-us词汇错误。as well为副同短语,意为
4. big—smal丨语篇错误。由上文可知,非营利医院在 “一样,也”,相当于too,通常放在句末,as well as
慈善医疗方面做的很少,可以判断,此处要表达的
为介词短语,意为“和……一样”,后面接名词、代
意思是“在慈# 医疗服务方面,非涔利医院和营利 词、动名词等,此处后面接了名词短语state
医院之间的差别很小。”故应该把big改为small discounts,故应该用as well as,意为“2007年十
5. for— ㈤}I:错误。but for为固定搭配,意为“要 大医院享受的联邦、州和地方减税优惠额和州贷款
折扣预计6.38亿美元。”
不是”,后面接名词或短语,此处是一个完整的句
子,故应该去掉for。 10. accounts—amounts词汇错误。此处考査形近词的
辨析。amount to表示“合计”,此处后接金钱数额,
6. equate -equa丨间汇错误 equate表示为“ M 等肴
符合语义,account作动同时意为“ft做;解杆”,放
待”.equal作动词意为“等于,与……相等”,此处要
在此处解释不通。
表达的意思是“但是这些付款不等于医院总的税收
收益”,故应该用equal符合上下文语境。
r
nonprofit /.nDryprofit/ a•非营利的 shy away from (W害羞,恐惧等)避免或逃避(做某唞)
charitab丨e /*tjaeritabl/ a•慈善的 loophole /1u:phaul/ /!• M 洞
语
境 complicate /knmplikeit/ W•使复杂化 accountability /akauntibiliti/ •有责任
词 make up for 弥补 in lieu of 代替
汇
equal /*i:kwal/ w•等于 downturn /*daunt3:n/ /i.低迷时期
spotlight /spntlait/ w•公众的注意力 investigative /in’vestigeitiv/ a•研究的
• 80 •第 三 章 100 篇标准改错训练
Passage 24j
Doctors baffled by an unexplained rash on people’s ears or
cheeks should be on alert for a skin allergy caused too much (1)
mobile phone use, the British Association of Dermatologists said.
Citing published studies, a group said a red or itchy rash, known as (2)
“mobile phone derma价is (皮炎),” effects people who develop an (3)
allergic reaction to the nickel surface on mobile phones after
spending long periods of time on the devices. MIt is worth doctors
bear this condition in mind if they see a patient with a rash on the (4)
cheek or ear that cannot otherwise be explained,f, it said. The
British group said many doctors were aware mobile phones could (5)
cause the condition. Safety concern over mobile phones has grown
as more people rely on it for everyday communication, although (6)
the evidence to date has given the technology a clean bill of health
when it comes to serious conditions like brain cancer. “In mobile
phone dermatitis, the rash would typical occur on the cheek or ear, (7)
depending on the metal part of the phone comes into contact with (8)
the skin,” the group said in a statement. MIn theory it could even
cxrcur on the fingers unless you spend a lot of time texting on metal (9)
menu buttons.
Nickel is a metal found in products, and ranging from mobile (10)
phones to jeweliy to belt buckles and is one of the most common
causes of allergic contact dermatitis, according to the Mayo Clinic
in the United States.
j
/ 完成日期; ] | 错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 81 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是使用手机容易造成皮肤过敏医生们在发现患者耳部或两颊出现皮疹时应当注意,那可能是由
于过度使用手机而造成的皮肤过敏长期使用手机的人可能会对手机的镍制外壳产生过敏性反应,进而生出红色
或发痒的皮疹,即患“手机皮炎”。由于越来越多的人依靠手机进行日常通讯,因而手机安全问题也应该受到关注;
♦ 答案详解♦
1. causedA—by语法错误。本句前半部分提及“医生 unaware,表示“许多医生对这一怡况并不r解"。
们在发现患者耳部或两颊出现无法解释其原W 的 6. it-Hhem词汇错误。本句表示“随荇越来越多的人
皮疹时应当注意皮肤过敏”,接下来出现的caused
依馆它们进行日常通汛,手机安全问题卩丨益受到关
—词不是谓语,而是过去分同作后置定语修饰skin 注。”这里的it指代的是前面的mobile phones.故
allergy,表示被动,caused这一动作的执行者应该 应改成复数thenv.
是后面的too much mobile phone use(过度使用
7. typical -typically 语法错误:typical 是形容词,这
手机),故此处应加介词by。
里用来修饰后面的动词occur不合适,应该改为副
2. a (group卜>the同汇错误。此处的group应该是指 同typically,表示“患手机皮炎者,其皮疹通常出现
上句刚刚提到的 the British Association of 在脸颊或耳部”。
Dermatologists(英国皮肤科医师协会),所以这里
8. A the metal—where 语法错误 depending on 是
是特指,用定冠词the。
—个动词词组,其后是一个完整的句子,作depend
3. effects—affects词汇错误...易混词误用。effect与 ing on 的宾语,意思是“手机的金厲部件与皮肤接
affect两者都可表示“影响”,但effect只有作名词 触的地方",表示“……的地方"应该用where引导。
的时候才表示“影响”,作动词的时候意思是“使发
9. un丨ess—if语篇错误。本句前半部分说"从理论上
生,引起”,而affect仅作动词使用,意为“影响,感
讲,皮疹甚至会出现在手指上”,后半部分说“除非
染,使感动”。此处作谓语,故应用动词affects。
你长时间敲击(手机的)金W 菜单按键发信息”,很
4. bear -bearing 词汇错误。it is worth doing 是固 ® 然本句语义逻辑不通,此处后面的动作是主句动
定句型,表示“做某亊是值得的”,故应将bear改成 作发生的条件,故应改成表示条件的if.,
bearing,这里表示“医生们值得记住的是……”
10. and— 法错误 ranging from... to 这个词组
5. aware—unaware语篇错误。aware后曲'提到“手机 放在此处是伴随状语,修饰前面的nicke丨,幣句表
能造成这一情况(即前文提到的皮肤过敏)”,根据 示“镍这种金M 存在于各种产品中,从手机、珠宝
上下文语境,医生正是对这一情况不了解,所以本 首饰到皮带扣中都有”,当动间的现在分词作伴随
文才在此处讨论英国皮肤科医师协会的M 新发现, 状语时,不® 耍连间and连接,故刪掉。
也提醒医生们要多注意这种情况,故将aware改成
baffle /baefl/ 使闲惑 rash /raeJV /i•皮疹
alert /a'l3:t/ /!•繁戒 allergy /*aelad i/ w.过敏症
语 3
境 dermatologist /,〇19:1119’个1)19€13如/ /i•皮肤科医生 itchy AtJi/ fl.使人发痒的
词 dermatitis /I.皮炎 bear in mind 记住
汇
in theory理论上 text /tekst/ v.发送短信
nickel /niksl/ n. ^ belt buckle 皮带扣
V )
• 82 •第 三 章 100篇 标 准 改 错 训 练 ^
Passage 25j
Congested cities are fast becoming test tubes for scientists
studying the impact of traffic fumes on the brain. As roadways
choke on traffic, researchers suspect that the tailpipe exhausted (1)
from cars and trucks—especially tiny carbon particles already
implicated heart disease, cancer and respiratory ailments—may (2)
also ii\jure brain cells the key to learning and memory. New (3)
public-health studies and laboratory experiments suggest that, at
every stage of life, traffic fumes exact a measuring toll on mental (4)
capacity, intelligence and emotional stability.
Children in areas affected by high levels of emissions, on
average, scored more poor on intelligence tests and were more (5)
prone to depression, anxiety and attention problems than children
growing in cleaner air, separate research teams in New York, (6)
Boston, Bering, and Krakow, Poland, found. And older men and
women long exposing to higher levels of traffic-related particles (7)
and ozone had memory and reasoning problems effectively added (8)
five years to her mental age, other university researchers in Boston (9)
reported this year. The emissions may also height the risk of (10)
Alzheimer’s disease and speed the effects of Parkinson’s disease.
“The evidence is growing that air pollution can affect the
brain," says medical epidemiologist Heather Volk at USC’s Keck
School of Medicine. uWe may be starting to realize the effects are
broader than we realized.”
f
完成曰期1 1用 时 1 丨错误数置统计1
备忘笔记:
V________________________________________________________________________________________________________/
• 83 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是汽车尾气的危害。如今的交通越来越拥堵.研究人员怀疑,各类轿车和卡车释放的尾气,特別是
已经被证明会造成心脏病、癌症和呼吸道疾病的碳微粒,可能还会伤害对学习和i己忆起关键作用的脑细胞说新的
公共卫生研究和实验室实验表明,在生命的每个阶段,汽车废气都会对人的心智能力,智力和情感稳定能力造成一
定程度的损害。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. exhausted ’exhaust同汇错误(exhaust作动词表示 scored,而根据上下文可知,scored在此处是动N ,
“耗尽,使疲惫”,作名同表示“废气”。exhausted可 表示“得分”,因此应该改川副同poorly修饰动词。
以作为过去分词放在tailpipe(排气管)之后充当后 6. growing A —up词汇错误。grow up为固定搭配,
置定语,但表示的含义与上下文不符,故应改为 表示“成长,长大”,常与人搭配,此处意为“生长于
名词exhaust,表示“从轿车和卡车排气管所释放的 较干净空气环境下的儿童”。grow单独用时也〇T表
废气”。 示“生长,发育”,不过主要是指动植物。
2. implicated /\ >in 语法错误。implicated 在此处作后 7. exposing exposed 词汇错误 be exposed to 是间
置定语修饰前面的carbon particles,意思是“特別 定用法,表示“暴露于……",此处作后置定语,修
是已经被证明会造成心脏病、癌症和呼吸道疾病的 饰older men and women,直接用过去分词短语
碳微粒”。根据上下文可知implicate在此处表示 就行,故应该把exposing改成exposed
“牵连,涉及”,当表示这个含义时,通常与介词in
8. problems A—► thatAvhich 或 added—► adding 语法错
搭配,表示“涉及到”。
误本句是定语从句,先行词memory and rea
3. the 同汇错误。本句意为“研究人员怀疑,各类 soning problems 在定语从句中充与主语, 故关系
轿车和卡车释放的尾气可能还会伤害对学习和i己
代词不能省略,应加上that或which ,另外也可以把
忆起关键作用的脑细胞”,此处key不是名词,而是 added改成adding,作后H 定语修饰problems,
形容词作后置定语修饰前面的brain cells,意思是
9. her-^heir语法错误。此处指代的是本句的主语
“关键的",因此此处应删掉定冠词the
older men and women,故应改为表示M 数意义的
4. measuring-^measuraWe 同汇错误。measuring 表示 人称代词their。
“测tt的",本句是说“实验表明,在生命的每个阶
10. height—► heighten词汇错误。此处height在句中作
段,汽车废气都会对人的心智能力、智力和情感稳
谓语,应该用其动词形式heighten,意思是“汽车
定状况造成一定程度的损害。”所以与“测tt”无关,
废气也可能增I加患老年痴呆症(Alzheimer’s
应该用形容词measurable表示“可测M 的,相当
disease)的风险,并加快帕金森氏症(Parkinson’s
的,重大的”。
disease)的恶化。”
5. poor—poorly语法错误。此处poor是用来修饰
congested /k9n’d3estid/ a •坊塞的,不畅通的 test tube 试管
fume /fju:m/ n .烟 choke /t 丨 auk/ v . (使)窒息
suspect /saipekt/ v /.推测 tailpipe Aeilpaip/ /i.排气管
语
境 exhaust /igzo:st/ /i•废气 particle /*pa:tikl/ /i •微粒
词 implicate Amplikeit/ v/•使牵连其中 respiratory /iVspiretari/a•(与)呼吸(有关)的
汇
ailment /eilmant/ w .不严重的疾病 toll /taul/ n .损害,破坏
emission an/ /i. fit出(物) on average 平均
be prone to 有........的倾向 epidemiologist /.epi.di:mi’olad3ist/ w•流行病学家
J
• 84 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 26|__________________________________________________________________
The reliance on credit reports in hiring is becoming
widespread. A survey by the Society for Human Resource
Management found that 60% of employers do credit checks for at
least some positions.
The use of credit checks is growing at time when the (1) _________________
economy is making it hard for people to keep their records cleanly. (2) _________________
Delinquency rates on loans have been arising, according to a report (3) _________________
issued last week by the American Bankers Association, driven by a
weak job market and rising food and gasoline price. (4) _________________
The biggest flaw with the use of credit checks in employment
screening is in that it makes it difficult for many good people who (5) _________________
need work to find. Employers who do credit checks operate under (6) _________________
the assumption that having had trouble paying bills is a character
flaw, but there is scant hard evidence to back this down. (7) _________________
Many credit problems are due to factors outside of a person’s
control. Sarah Ford, an attorney with the Lawyers* Committee for
Civil Rights Under Law, told a House committee last year which (8) _________________
credit reports failed to provide insufficient context. “A credit (9) __________________
report would not explain that a factory worker lost his job when
his employer went out of business,M she said. Or that “a man’s
credit was destroyed so he was the victim of identity theft or a (10) __________________
predatory lending scam.” Or that “a woman lost her job and her
health coverage before developing breast cancer and incurring
astronomical medical bills.M
厂完成曰期1 一{用 时 ] 「错误数量统计
备忘笔记:
• 85 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是在招聘中査看信用记录的话题在招聘员r 时査看其信用i己录报告的做法越来越普遍如今的
经济危机使人们很难保持良好的信用记录,而检査信用记录在这一时期得到广泛使用这一做法最大的缺陷是它
使许多善ft的需® 就业的人很难找到工作。査看信用记录的廂主认为难以支付账中.是一种品德缺陷.但很少有确
凿的证据来支持这一点。许多信用问题M 由外部w 素引起的。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. /Uinu—aia]汇错误此处的time是可数名同,意为 很难找到T 作”。W 此这里find的宾语是work,伹
“某个时候”,前面谣加上冠词。此句的意思是“经济 work已在定语从句who need work中出现,故此
危机使得人们很难保持良好的信川记录,在这个时 处用it来指代。
候检査信用记录的做法正不断发展。”注意,at the 7. down—up词汇错误back down意为“放弃对某讲
time意为“当时.那时候”.表过去的•个时间点,与 物的要求;屈服".back up意为“支持"。此句的意思
上下文语境不符,故此处不能用。 是“査苻信用记录的雇主认为难以支付账单是一种
2. cleanly—clean词汇错误。此处要用形容丨“】作keep 品德缺陷,但很少有确凿的证据来支持这一点。”故
的宾语补足语.deanly作形容间时,意为“讲究清洁 此处应该用back up
的,爱十净的”,此处与上下文语境不符,故要用形容 8. which—that语法错误。此处是宾语从句,从句中结
同clean clean除有表“干净的,清洁的”一般意义以 构完整,不缺少任何成分,因此用从厲连词that来
外,还有“无过失记录的”含义,此处意为“保持良好 引导,该从句作谓语动词tell的直接宾语,that不可
无拖欠的信用记录”。 以省略,
3. arising—rising同汇错误。arise意为“出现,发生”, 9. insufficient -sufficien丨语篇错误。此句谓语是动间
rise意为“上升,上涨”。此句的意思是“根据美国银 短语fail to,表示“不能,未能”,具有否定的含义,根
行协会上个S 期发布的一份报告,受疲软的就业市 据下文所举的三个案例,说明信用记录报告不能提
场和上涨的食品和石油价格的影响,贷款的不法行 供充足的背景信息。W 此此处应改为sufficient,;®
为比率-直不断上升。”故此处应该用rising。 为“充分的,充足的”。
4. price _*prices语法错误。此处指的是food and 10. so—bcomse语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,句间逻
gasoline两类商品的价格,应该用复数形式。
辑关系是因果关系,前句说一个人的信用受损,
5. in—〆同汇错误。此处that引导的是表语从句,意为 后句说他是身份盗窃或掠夺性贷款诈骗的受害者,
“招聘员工时查看其信用记录报告这一做法M 大的 后者是前者的原因所在.故用表原因的连词替换
缺陷是它使许多善良的X 要就业的人很难找到1: so3注意,此处不能改为as和since,虽然两#都可
作 ”故不需要in in that意为“既然;W 为”,引导原 以表示原W ,但所表示的原W 都是不言而喻、显而
W 状语从句,用法相当于because 易见的,此处的因果关系并非能盘接推断得出。而
for表示自然而然地推断出原W ,此处句意还不够
6. find 八—it语法错误。find是及物动词,X 要一个宾
明显,故用because
ifK此处表达的意思是“使许多善良的:要T.作的人
~ A
reliance /ri laians/ n. 依靠 credit check信用卡状况检査
ddinquency /di’lir]kwansi/ /i. 违法行为 flaw /fb:/ w•缺点
语 assumption /a SAmpJ an/ n•假定 scant /skaent/ a. 不足的
境 attorney /e’t3:ni/ •律师 insufficient /,ins9'fij ant/ a.不足的,不够的
victim /Viktim/ /i. 受害者 predatory /predatari/ a.掠夺的
汇
scam /skaem/ /i. 诈骗 cancer /kaensa/ n. 癌
incur /in'k3:/ v/.招致 astronomkra丨 /965^9>»1>17111<3丨/〇. 极大的(数字)
V J
• 86 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
= Passage 27 |_________________________________________
There is no link, whatsoever, between the producers and
users of manpower with the result that institutions of learning,
essentially at the secondary, technical, and high levels, are not (1) ___________________
exactly aware of the end result and use of its manpower output. (2) _________________
There has to be a complete synchronization and rapport between
the two sets: the producers and the users, happens in most of the (3) _________________
countries, including the developing ones. There is no focus on the
quality of education in terms of the depth and dimensions of
teaching and in terms of syllabi, but technical education does have (4) _________________
some quality control. There are rarely any revisions and up
gradation of courses either in the light of the changes occurring in
the given discipline, nor in terms of the country,s manpower (5) _________________
requirements.
Higher education is basically financed by the Government
and that too without any reference to quality and output. It lacks of (6)_________________
philanthropic support either from the Non Government
Organizations or from the corporate world. In this era of reforms,
the time is not far when higher education, funding entirely by the (7)
Government, will be tossed into suddenly free and competitive
market with sharply increased government funding. It will then be (8)
termed as India's higher education open market, the initial impact
on which will be largely negative. It is anticipated that many (9) ___________________
institutions at that time will get disintegrated, strangled by the loss
of resources, overwhelming demand for resources that they would (l〇) _________________
fail to provide, and the receivables they would not be able to
recover.
^ 完成曰期丨 |用时^ |错误数量统
备忘笔记:
• 87 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是高等教育的改革。劳动力生产者和使用者之间没有任何联系.这导致教育机构不太清楚其人力输
出的最终结果和使用状况。在大多数国家,包括广大发展中国家,人力的生产者和使用者之间要保持完全同步及和谐
的关系。高等教育基本上由政府资助,可也没有考虑人力的质量和产M,教育资金缺乏慈善# 业的支持。在当今这个改笮
的时代,过不了多久,全部由政府资助的高等教育将会被突然推人ft由的竞争市场,政府资助将大幅降低,,
♦ 答案详解♦
1. high—higher词汇错误。high意为“高的'higher作 人力资源的要求更改或更新课程。”
为形容词意为“高等的”,此句的意思是“教育机构, 6. of—〆词汇错误。lack在此处作及物动词,意为“缺
包括中学教育、技术教育和高等教育机构”,故此处 乏,没有”,故不需要of。
应该改为higher。
7. funding—funded语法错误。此处的分词用来作定
2. its *their语法错误。此处指代的是institutions of 语,修饰higher education,二者之间是被动关系,
learning‘‘教育机构”,应该用fi数形式,故改成 应该用过去分词形式,相当于定语从句which is
their c ftmded ,故应该把现在分词形式funding改为
3. 八happens—as语法错误。此句前面是there be句 funded0
型,说明劳动力生产者和使用者之间要保持完全同 8. increased-**decreased/reduced 语篇错误此句前面
步及和谐关系,后面说在大部分国家包括发展中国 说到现在全部由政府资助的高等教育不久将进人
家都发生了这样的事情,可见前句是后句发生的事 自由的竞争市场,意味春高等教育将按市场规律
情,故后句需要用as引导,作定语从句,意为“正如 发展,故政府资助将减少而不会增加,此处应该用de-
……,就像……",先行词是前一句话。 creased或 reduced。
4. but--though/aUhough语篇错误。从上下文的语义来 9. on—-of词汇错误。此句中which的先行词是India’s
判断.句间的逻辑关系应为让步关系。前面一句说到 higher education open market(印度商等教眘开放
从教育的深度和宽度和教学大纲的设置方面来看, 市场),从句的主语是the initial impact,与open
没有关注教育的质贵,本句则说技术教育确有一定 market是所诚关系,故应该用表示所诚关系的介词
的质ft控制,前后构成让步关系,故应把表转折关系 of,表示“印度高等教育开放市场的® 初影 响 ”
的 but 改为 though 或 although
10. A overwhelming -►an 同汇错误此处 demand 作
5. nor—or词汇错误。either... or...固定搭fld,意为
名同,意为“笛求”,是可数名词,且在文中第一次提
“或者……或者……”,在此句连接两个状语,表示
到,故笛加上冠词an£
“既没有根据某个特定学科的变化也没有根据国家
r ~
manpower /maenpaua/ n. Kf} essentially /I’senJall/ 主要地
output /Output/ /!•产 ft synchronization /,sir]kranaizeijan/ n.同时(性)
语 rapport /rae’p〇:t/ /i•和睦 in terms of从...方面来说
境 dimension /dai menjan/ /i. (^/.l而积,规模 syllabi /silabai/ n• 教学大纲(syllabus 的复数}
词
philanthropic /.filan'0rDpik/ a•慈善的 toss /tos/ V/.扔,拋
汇
initia丨 • 开始的,般初的 disintegrate /dis’intigreit/ v•解体
strangle /*straer]gl/ vA 扼杀 overwhelming /.euva'welmir]/ a .巨大的
」
• 88 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 28j
Management jargon can alienate staff and leave bosses looking
untrustworthy and weak, according to a survey published on Monday.
Managers who spoke of "singing from the same hymn sheet" could
find themselves sing solo, the survey said. Workers said such phrases ⑴
as “blue sky thinking”,“the helicopter view” and “heads up” could
lead to alienation and low moral in the office. ( )
2
The survey, carried out by YouGov to mark the 15th anniversary
of Investors in People, a government-backed training initial, found 37 ( )
3
percent of the 2,900 questioned believed jargon led to mistrust and
encouraged a feeling of inadequacy. Bosses seemed oblivious to the
dangers, with more than half, believing it to be harmful. That could ⑷
explain why workers perceived it to be on rise, with nearly 40 percent ( )
5
believing it was increasingly creeping into office banter. Almost
two-thirds of employees would prefer to no jargon at work. Cliches ( )
6
such as “getting our ducks in a row” might just be lining up trouble,
though. Nicola Clark, director at Investors in People, said: u Whilst
jargon can be useful shorthand at times, managers need to be more
alert to when and how they use them.** ( )
7
Nearly 40 percent of workers surveyed believed jargon betrayed a
lack of confidence, but one in five thought those who used it were ( )
8
untrustworthy or trying to cover something up. M Cutting jargon out of
everyday communication is clearly a challenge. Therefore, as our ( )
9
research shows, if used inappropriate, jargon can be an obstacle to (i〇)
understanding, which ultimately can impact on an individual’s
performance and an organization's productivity.*'
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• 89 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是管理隹话的危害。调杏表明,宵理袞话会使员工产生疏远感,并让老板得不值得信任、欠缺实
力。员T.们反映蓝天思维”、“直升机视角”和“告诫提醒”之类的话会造成疏远的感觉、打击办公室的士气37%的
受汸者认为套话会导致猜疑情绪,同时助长对符J 人员能力的不信任感。老板似乎对这种危险茫然不知,其中冇超
1
过一半的人认为这是无满的。套话使用不当会成为交流的障碍,并M 终会影响个人的绩效和组织的生产力。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. sing,singing 语法错误.find sb. do sth.,® 为“发现 为“在上升”,此句话的意思是“这就解释了为什么员
1
某人做某唞”,do表示多次动作、反复发生的动作 T觉得食话之风正在上升”
或动作的全过程;find sb. doing sth.,g为“发现菜
6. to—〆 同汇错误 prefer sth. to sth. else 意为“两
人正在做菜-lT’,doing表示一次性动作或一次性动
者中宁愿选择其中之一",当prefer后面只出现一个
作正在进行。此句的意思是“耶些念若‘照同一张赞 名词或名词短语时,则不耑要加to 。
美诗单子唱歌’的管理人员将会发现自己是在唱独
7. t hem叱 语法错误。根据上下文语境,此处指代的是
角戏。”此处的“ 独角戏”应该是正在进行的一次性
从句中的主语jargon.故应该用单数形式it来代
动作,故应改为singing
替。
. moral _ +morale词汇错误。moral作名同意为“教
2 8. bu 丨 —whlle/whereas语篇错误。由上下文的语义判
训",而morale意为“士气"。此处所表达的总思是
断.句间的逻辑关系应为对比关系,前句说到40%的
“‘蓝天思维’、‘直升机视角’和‘告滅提解’之类的话
员工觉得套话是缺乏自信的表现,后句则说20%的
会造成疏远的感觉、打击办公室的士气。”故应改为
员工认为使用套话的人要么是不值得信任,耍么就
morale。
是想掩1 什么,前后两种观点形成对比,而 but表示
3. initial—initia丨ive同汇错误< initial作名丨b]意为“符字
较折关系,故此处应改用while或 whereas.,
母",而initiative意为“主动的行动、方案”。此处要
9. Therefore—However语篇错误。由上下文的语义判
表达的总思是“一项政府支持的培训方案",故应改
断,此句与前句逻辑关系应为转折关系,前句说在曰
为 initiative
常交流中要杜绝套话M然是一个挑战,绝 非 .本
4. harmftil—hannless语篇错误。根据上下文中的语
句说使用不合时宜的套话会成为交流的障碍故
义,前句说到老板对这种危险似乎茫然不知,意味I? 应该改为表转折关系的However 。
他们认为说套话不会带来危险,没冇什么害处,故
10. inappropriate ’inappropriately 语法错误。此处修
此处应该改为harmless
饰动W used ,故应该用副M inappropriately ,怠
5. /Wise +the词汇错误on the rise是固定搭配,总
为“使用不恰当”。
r
jargon /d3a:gan/ n .行话 alienate /eilisneit/ v/•使疏远
untrustworthy Mn’trAStw3:0i/ a•不 ffi 得 G赖的 hymn /him/ w.赞美诗
solo /saulau/ n .独唱(曲) mora丨e /m9 ra:l/ /i•士气
语
境 carry out 执行 anniversary /•eeniV3:sari/ n• 周年纪念(日)
词
inadequacy /inaedikwasi/ n. 无能 oblivious /9'blivias/ a .不注意的
banter /baenta/ w. 戏 cliche /■kliijei/ n .陈词滥调
whilst /wailst/ ai/y•.当......时候 shorthand /7〇:thaend/ w.速 id
betray /bi'trei/ vt. W.SS productivity /.prodAk’tiveti/ u .生产力
V
• 90 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage J
29
A four-year study by sociologists at The University of
Manchester has found that women are much likely than men to (1)
make deep and lasting friendships. The investigation into social
networks by the University’s Research Centre for Socio-Cultural
Change found that men are more fickle and calculating about who
they should be friends. Women, on the other hand, stand by their (2)
friends through thick and thin. Adding to the bad news for male
prestige, the study confirms the stereotype which men are likely to (3)
base their friendship on social drinking.
Of the 10,000 individuals studying who took part in the 1992 (4)
to 2002 British Household Panel Surveys, women are much more
likely to stay with the same friends. Single people, elder people (5)
and white collar workers are also good at pairing up. Middle class
people are more likely to cast their net of friendship far more ( )
6
wider, or the working class tend to stick to their own kind. (7)
Dr Gindo Tampubolon said the findings to female friendship ( )
8
were double significant because the data suggest we are much (9)
more likely to socialize with people from our own gender—75 per
cent of best friends were with the same sex. Dr Tampubolon, who
is based at the School of Social Sciences, said: “Friendship
between women seems to be fundamentally similar to friendship ( )
10
between men•”
f I I
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备忘笔记:
• 91 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是男女对待友谊的不同态度。曼彻斯特大学的社会学家在历经四年的研究中发现,女性之间的友
谊更加深刻和持久,而男性在择友时则更善变、更梢明,这一研究证实了人们对男性抱有的一种成见.即男性往往
在社交场合中以酒论朋友。此外.调査发现中产阶级朋友关系网比较广,而工薪阶层倾向于和A 己同一层次的人交
朋友。女性更倾向于和同性交朋友,75%的好朋友都是女性。可见,男女在择友的观念上有符根本的K 別
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. 八丨ikdy *mi)re或much—more词汇错误。此句中 同,指上了年纪的人.older是old的比较级,泛指年
1
出现了 than,故likely应该用比较级,X 在前面加上 纪较大的人,故此处应该用elderly或older,以符合
more,much可以用来修饰比较级,表示程度,此处 文意。
much more表示“史加”,这题也「I丨以.釭接将much . (far) more— 间汇错误wide是笮音节词,比
6
改成more., 较级为wider,前面不要加more
. friends A—*with 词汇错误;,be friends with sb-是 7. oi•—whereas/whi丨e i/丨K 错误。由J:下文的语义判断,
2
固定搭配,表示“和某人成为朋友”,故应加上with,
句间的逻辑关系应为对比关系,前句说到中产阶层
此句的意思是“在择友方面,男性比女性更加易变和
的人更倾向有广泛的朋友关系网,后句则说工薪阶
裕明。” 层的人倾向于和A 己同一层次的人交朋友,前后形
3. which—that语法错误。此处是同位语从句,解释 成对照,故此处应改为whereas或while ,
stereotype的内容,which不能引导同位语从句,故 . to—on同汇错误,此处表示“关于女性之间的友谊
8
应该改为从厲连词that,同位语从句中的that通常 的研究发现'findings后面通常用介词on,应把to
不能宵略。 改为on。
4. studying-*studied语法错误。此处分间作后置定语 9. doub丨e—► doubly语法错误double作形容開,表示
修饰individuals,二者之间是被动关系,故应该用过 “双倍的,双ffi的”,此处应该用副词来修饰形容问
去分词studied,相 于从句who were studied,意 significant,故应改为 doubly
3
为“被调査研究的 1 万个人”。 . simi丨ar,differen丨语篇错误。短文开头第一段就已
10
5. elder
-►(丨
lder/e
丨
derly间汇错误。elder—般指“(两个
经表明女性之间的友谊关系更深人更持久,而男性
人中)年长的”,无比较级,若作名词“长者,前辈”则
在交朋友方面则更易变和锫明,由此可知二者畚着
通常用复数形式,且后不接people, e 丨 derly作形容 明敁的K 别,故应该把similar改为different
厂
sociologist /S9usia’lrxi3ist/ n•社会学家 investigation /in.vesti geij an/ n•调饩
fickle /fikl/ a.易变的 thick and thin艰难险阻
语
境 prestige /pre'sti:3/ it•威信,威望 stereotype /*steriataip/ /i•间定的投式
词 panel /paenl/ n.专门小组 white collar 白领
汇
cast /ka:st/ v/.投,扔 stick to坚持
gender /d3enda/ /i.性別 fundamentally /jAnda’mentali/ 似/.根本地 J
• 92 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 3〇|----------------------------------------
Americans’ circle of close confidants has shrunk dramatically
in the past two decades but the number of people who say they ( )
1
have no one with whom to discuss important matters has more
than doubled, according to a new study by sociologists at Duke
University and the University of Arizona. “The evidence shows
that Americans have more confidants and those ties are also more (2)
family-based than they are used to be," said Lynn Smith-Lovin, ( )
3
Professor of Sociology at Duke University and one of the study’s
authors of Sociul Isolation in America: Changes in Core
Discussion Networks Over Two Decades.
The study compared data from 1985 to 2004 and found which ( )
4
the mean number of people with whom Americans can discuss
matters important to them dropped by nearly one-third, from 2.94
people in 1985 to 2.08 in 2004. The study paints a picture of
Americans’ social contacts a “densely connected, close, ( )
5
homogeneous set of ties slowly closing in on themselves, ( )
6
becoming smaller, more tightly interconnected, more focusing on ( )
7
the very strong bonds of the nuclear family.”
That means less contacts created through clubs, neighbors and ⑻
organizations outside the home一a phenomenon popularly known
as “ bowling lonely,” from the book of the same title by ( )
2000 9
Robert D. Putnam. The researchers speculated that changes in
communities and families, such as the increase in a number of (i〇)
hours that family members spend at work and the influence of
Internet communication, may contribute to the decrease in the size
of close-knit circles of friends and relatives.
T I
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备忘笔记:
• 93 .专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是美国人朋友圈缩小的问题。美国杜克大学和亚利桑那大学的社会学家在一项新的研究中指出,
在过去的 年里,美国人的朋友阍大大缩小,能和自己讨论重要问题的人大大减少。该研究把美国人的社会交往
2 0
描述为一种连接紧密的、封闭的、同类人的关系,这种关系网慢慢变得更小,更紧密地相互关联,更集中于小家庭的
亲情。研究者认为社区和家庭的变化,如家人工作时间的增加和网络交流的影响,可能导致亲友圈缩小。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. but und语篇错误。由上下文的语义判断,句间的 此句的意思是“该研究把美国人的社会交往描述为
1
逻辑关系应为并列关系,上一句说到在过去的 —种连接紧密的、封闭的、同类人的关系”。
20
年里,美国人的密友阇大幅度缩小,下一句提到超过 . themselves—Mtsdf语法错误^ 此处指代的是set,故
6
—倍的人说没人和他们讨论重要问题,二者在意义 应改为单数形式itself。of ties表所属,用来修饰
上属于并列关系,故此处应把表转折意义的but改 set,此处意为“关系”网。slowly c丨osing in...为伴随
为 and a 状语对set进行补充说明。
. more (confidants)—»fewer语篇错误。前文已经提到 7. focusing — *focused同汇错误。此处和前面的
2
美国人的密友圈缩小.第二段用研究数据a 示能和 smaller, more tightly interconnected 并列,作动
自己一起讨论重要问题的朋友减少了,可见美国人 词become的表语,故应该用形容词focused,意为
的知己减少了,而不是增多了,故此处应改为 “集中的"。
fewer 〇 . less—>fewer词汇错误。less作为little的比较级,是
8
3. are 词汇错误。be used to表示“习惯于”,后 用来修饰不可数名词,此处后接的contacts是可数
接名词或动名词,used to表示“过去常常”,后接动 名词复数形式,故应该用fewer。
词原形,此句要表达的意思是“和过去相比,现在美 9. lonely—alone语法错误。lonely是形容词,意为“孤
闰人的朋友更倾向于以家庭关系为基础。”故此处用 独的,孤单的”,此处修饰动词bowling应该用副间,
used to.符合上下文语义。 故要改为alone,表示“单独地,独自地"。
4. which »tha丨或which- * 语法错误。此处是宾 . a—>the 词汇错误。a number of 表示“许多”,the
10
语从句,引导词在从句中不充当任何成分,故应该用 number of表示“……的数目",此句要表达的是
从属连词that,此处that也可以省略掉。 “家庭成员工作的小时数增加”,故应该用the
5. Aa—►as词汇错误。paint., as意为“描述成...”, number of〇
confidant /.konfi’daent/ /I.知己 shrink /J>n]k/ vi•收缩
dramatically /dra’maetikli/ 戏剧地 decade /*dekeid/ /I•卄年
sociologist /sausiabd3ist/ w•社会学家 tie /tai/ n•纽带,联系
语 isolation /aise’leijan/ />.隔离 mean /mi:n/ a•平均的
境 dense丨y /densli/ 似/.密集地 homogeneous /.hDm9d3i:ni9S/ a .同种类的
词
汇 a set of —组,一套 interconnect /.intaka'nekt/ v•(使)互相联系
focus on 集中 bond /bond/ /l 联结
nuclear family核心家庭(只包括父母和子女的家庭) bowl /baul/ K 滚(球)
speculate /"spekjuleit/ W•推测 close-knit /"klauz nit/ 〇•紧密的
V J
• 94 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 3lJ
Over the years, I’ve heard a fair number of slurs shouted at
campus cops. Seldom were they “pig” or “fascist.” Far more often,
they diminished the power of the officer, using words like fake
44
cop” or "rent-a^op". This is which the power and class dynamics (i)
get tricky. They are real cops. Employing by California, they are (2)
agents of the state. TheyVe got weapons. And the payment is not ( )
3
bad at all.
On the other hand, campus police at U.C. Berkeley and U.C.
Davis, patrol kids who’d call them failures if they grew up to be ( )
4
cops; kids who have more opportunities than the children of the
campus cops; kids who will most be more successful than campus ( )
5
cops; kids who even eryoy the ultimate loyalty of U.C. faculty and
most administrators. Just look at what happened before U.C. ⑹
Berkeley administrators sent in cops with batons, and U.C. Davis
administrators sent in cops with pepper spray. Predictive quarrels ( )
7
occurred. Batons and pepper spray were used. Images leaked. And
suddenly administrators were launching investigations! And ⑻
issuing statements about how deeply they cared for the students!
Did they fail to anticipate that the weapons would be turned on
passive protesters?
They’d do well to read “ Shooting an Elephant,” George
Orwell's reflection on his time as a British imperial police officer
in Burma, if so. To be clear, I don’t think imperialism is an apt
analogy when police forcibly remove from Occupy Cal or Davis ( )
9
protesters. And I do think Orwell helps us understand why officers (i〇)
who aren*t monsters might use wildly excessive force.
B
完成 期 | |用 时 | 丨错误数置统计丨
备忘笔记:
• 95 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是美闰校园繁察施暴的问题。几年前校园警察被i曼骂为“锗”、“法西斯分子”,而现在被称为“伪繁
察"、“租来的聱察",但事实上他们是警察,是加州的职员,他们有武器,且享受不错的待遇,他们负责巡视学生£ 加
州大学聘请了备冇武器的警察,在他们解决校园纠纷时使用了这些武器后,管理人员才突然展开调查,# 称他们如
何关心学生,怛为何他们当初没有预汁到这些武器会用来对付学生抗议者呢?
♦ 答案详解♦
. which—where语法错误。此处是表语从句,引导词 ministrators派来带有武器的校督之后,丨f[丨不是之
1
在从句中作状语,要川连接副间where引导。 前,故应该用after来连接。
2. Emp丨oying •Employedift法错误此处分词短作 7. Predictive—PredictaWe 间汇错误。predictive总为
状语,employ与句子的主语they是被动关系,故应 “预言的.预告的”,predictable意为“可预见的;意
改为过去分间Employed 料之中的”,此句的怠思是“争吵不出意料地发生
3. payment—》pay词汇错误。payment意为“支付;缴 了。”故用Predictable符合文意。
纳;报答”,放在此处与上下文语义衔接不上pay作 . Aadministra丨ors—the词汇错误。此处特指U.C.
8
Berkeley 和 U.C. Davis 的 administrators,且前文
名间时,意为“工资”,而这里表示的是“校园笄察有
已经两次提到过administrators,故前面应该加上定
武器且薪水也不差”,故用pay合适。
冠同the
4. them- 语法错误。由上下文语义判断,此
9. from- -fportf词汇错误,.remove作不及物动词.常和
处指代的是先行词kids ,故应该用反身代同
from搭配,意为“迁移,移居”,remove作及物动词,
themselves.怠为“如果长大当贅察的话,孩子们会
怠为“去掉,排除,使消失”,此句要表达的意思是“警
称自己是失败者。”
察用武力驱赶 Occupy Cal 或 Davis protesters. ”
5. most—► mostly间汇错误。此处修饰动词be X 耍用副
故应该去掉from ,
词,most作副词,意为“很,非常”,mostly意为“主
10. And—But语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,此句与上
要地,通常”,此句要表达的意思是“将来通常要比校
一句在意义上应是转折关系,上一句说到我认为
园警察更成功的小孩”,故应该用mostiy,符合上下
“帝国主义”不是一个恰当的类比,下一句则说
语义。
Orwell帮助我们了解膂察为什么过度使用武力;从
. beforeifter语篇错误,根据上下文语义,下文所发
6 结构上来矜,前句的I don’t think与本句的I do
生的事情,即警棍和胡椒水喷剂的使用,是发生在
think形成对照,故应改为表转折总义的连词But
U.C. Berkeley administrators 和 U.C. Davis ad-
slur /sl :/ n•俳镑,中伤 cop /k op/ w•繁察
3
fascist /faejist/ /i.法两斯主义者 diminish /di'mini// vf•减小,降低
dynamic /dai'naemik/ n .动力 tricky /triki/fl.唯处理的.棘手的
语 patrol /pa’traul/ v•巡逻,巡査 loyalty /loialti/ n•忠诚,忠心
境 baton /•baetan/ /i. 胬棍 predictable /pri’diktabl/ a•可预知的
词
pepper spray胡椒喷雾 passive /paesiv/ a• 被动的,消极的
汇
protester /prau’testa/ /I•抗议奔,反对者 imperial /irrTpiarial/fl•帝M 的,帝王的
Burma /*b :ma/ /i.缅fnl imperialism /im’piarielizam/ /i•帝M 主义
3
apt /aept/ •恰当的,适宜的 analogy /9’naelad3i/ w• 比拟,类比
J
• 96 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 32|
Funding public transit is one of the biggest problems facing
cities today. Often the trouble is that a few high-cost, low-ridership
routes drag down an entire system. That puts policymakers in a
tough spot. They might eliminate these unprofitable lines, that has (1)
been suggested before, but in doing so they would harm a
considerate number of people who rely on that service as their ( )
2
primary mode of transportation.
Over at New Geography, Steve Lafleur revives the debate and
argues that low fares are the part of the reason transit lines are (3)
struggling. In response, he offers an admittedly “controversial”
solution: "Transit should operate on a for profit basis and its prices
should closely reflect market forces—if it means that transit fares ( )
4
increase.”
The idea of increasing ridership by raising fares is not with (5)
some recent precedent. Writing last week at The New York Times
Opinionator blog, Lisa Margonelli points to a study from earlier
this year comparing transit ridership in Germany and the United
States. Over the same period of time, German transit agencies
grew ridership while doing something similar in what Lafleur ( )
6
proposes—namely, increasing fares and slashing service.
More important than fare changes were the limits (7)
simultaneously imposed on car travel. While German transit
agencies did their best to attract riders to a higher-quality service,
the government implemented a number of policies that made
driving “less conveniently and more costly”. In other words, ( )
8
high fares did lead to greater ridership on German transit, but only (9)
when coordinating with harsh automobile policies—not in isolation. ( )
10
j ffflW
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备忘笔记:
J
\__________________________________________________________________
• 97 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是城市公交资金紧缺。如今城市面临的M 大问题就是公交系统资金紧缺通常M 头疼的就是少数
高成本、低搭乘率的线路拖垮了整个系统,但政府如果撤销那些不苻利的线路,将会损害大批乘客的利益^ Steve
Lafleur指出票价太低是导致公交运营闲难的部分原W,他达议提高公交票价、提尚服务质M 以赢得史'多的乘奔,
这正是德W 的做法,同时德闰政府针对私家车制定了一系列限制政策,双管齐下,才能解决公交资金不足的问题。
♦ 答案详解♦
. that >as/which语法错误。句子中间用了逗号,可以 . in---to词汇错误D be similar in表示“在...方面相
1 6
判断此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个 似”,be similar to表示“跟……类似”,此处要表达
句子,引导词在从句中充当主语。that不能引导非限 的怠思是“德国采取了类似Lafleur所提议的措施”,
制性定语从句,故应该用关系代词which来引导, 故应该用介词to
也可以用as来连接,意为“正如”。 7. limits—limitations词汇错误。limit作名间意为“限
. considerate—► considerable 词汇错误。considerate 度,界限'limitation意为“限制;局限;起限制作用
2
意为“体貼的;考虑周到的”,considerable总为“大 的规则”,此句要表达的意思为“比改变票价史®要的
量的",此处要表达的意思是“相当多的人”,故应 是同时对私家车行驶进行限制",故改为limitations
改为considerable,以符合上下文语义。 更符合语义。
3. the (part)-词汇错误。此句指出公交运背困难 . conveniently—convenient 语法错设。此处是 make+
8
部分原因是因为票价低,part of才是指某物的一部 sth.+. so小ecause语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,句间的
1
用安非他明,故应该用alike,符合文中语义。
逻辑关系为因果关系,主句提到这是一场嚷与想违
5. described -prescribed isj汇错误。describe 意为“描 的辩论,后句说它认为这些药物持续有效,为使用
述".prescribe意为“开处方”,此处指医生给很多 者提供一种有机的优势,而不是一种安慰剂效用。
学生和专业人士开了 Peivitin这种药,故应该用 后者是前者的原因,而不是结果,故应改为be-
prescribe,符合文意。 cause〇
. 八by—*no丨词汇错误。此处用not... but...结构,表示
6
stimulant /stimjulant/ /!•兴奋剂 exaggerate /ig’zaed reit/ v•夸大,夸张
3 9
disturbing /di’st3:bi〇/ a•烦扰的 contrary to 与......相反
intriguing /in'tri:gir]/ a•引起兴趣的 amphetam丨ne /aem'fetamim/ n• 安非他明,笨丙胺
语 trademark /*treidma:k/ n•商标 imposition /•impa’zijan/ /i•强迫接受
境 mechanism /mekanizam/ w•办法 recreationally /.rekri’eij^nali/ ad.娱乐性地
词
汇
intimation /.inti'meijan/ n•提治的事 infantryman /"infantrimaen/ /i.步兵
undergraduate Mnda’graed Uit//i•大学(錄业)生 apparent /‘paerent/a. S•然的,明內的
3
toxic /"toksik/ a•有毒(性〉的 dope /d up/ W.服麻辞药
9
counterproductive /"kauntapradAktiv/ a 起反作用的placebo /pla’si:bau/ /i.安慰剂
V J
• 100 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 34|
Losing weight is easier when there is money on the line, U.S.
researchers said on Tuesday. They said weight-loss programs that
award people with money—and remind them of the cash they ( )
1
stand to lose if they fail—provided with a powerful incentive to ( )
2
lose weight compared with more conventional approaches. Dr.
Kevin Volpp of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
was looking for an effective way to treat obese, a growing problem (3)
that carries serious health risks. He said many weight-loss
programs fail before people are being asked to make sacrifices (4)
now.
Volpp and colleagues studied two kinds of incentive programs
for weight loss. One was a lottery-based design in which
participants played a lottery and were allowed to collect their
winnings if they met their weight-loss target. The other was a
deposit contract, in which participants invested small amount of (5)
their own money which they would lose at the end of the month if
they succeeded to reach their goals. People in this group also got a ( )
6
bonus if they met their goal.
The researchers resigned 57 obese but otherwise healthy (7)
people to one of these two groups or a control group, in which
people were simply weighed at the end of each month. All were
aimed to lose 7.26 kg by the end of four months. People in the ( )
8
incentive groups lost far more weight than that who got no pay for (9)
their efforts, with about half of the participants in each group meet ( )
10
their weight loss goals.
f I q
完成曰期| 丁用时 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
. 101 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是金钱可以刺激减肥。美闰研究者宣布,当把减肥和金钱联系在一起时,减肥成功的机率会更大。
以往许多减肥方案都要求减肥者为了将来的冋报而在当下做出牺牲,W 此纷纷以失败告终。而用金钱作为奖励,同
时提糂人们如果减肥失败他们将会失去减肥计划里的这笔钱,与传统的减肥方法相比,这种金钱相关法给r减肥
者更大的动力。
♦ 答案详解♦
. award _*reward词汇错误。award作动词表示“授 状语从句,“如果成功达到目标”,与前文提到的“他
1
予;文给;判定”,re ward表示“报答;酬谢”,本文中 们在月底会失去这笔钱”意义相悖,所以这里想表
提到的减肥方案是对达到减肥目标的人群予以金 达的应该是“如果没能达到目标,则会失去这笔钱”
钱上的回报,故用reward更符合文意。 succeeded 应改为 failed
. with 语法错误。provide sb. with sth.是固 7. resigned-*assigned 汇错误 resign 表示“辞职;放
2
定搭配,表示“给某人提供某物”,但此处provide后 弃”.放在此处与上下文不符.这里是说“研究人员
面并没有接双宾语,故不:要介词with,直接用 将57名身体站康的肥胖者分配到两个激励组中的
provide sth.的形式即可,表示“提供某物”。 一组或者另一个控制组”,应该用assign,表示“分
3. obese—obesity语法错误,obese是形容词,表示“过 配,指定”。
度肥胖的”,此处动词treat后应该接名词,另外逗号 . aimed-⑷爪丨叩语法错误。aim to do sth.是固定
8
后面的a growing problem是该同的同位语,故可 搭配,表示“致力于……”,当主语是人时,应该用主
推测此处应该用名同obesity表示“肥胖,肥胖症”。 动语态,由于aimed前面出现了 be动同were,故
4. hefore—because语篇错误〇本句前半部分说“他认 将aimed改成aiming,表示现在进行时,怠为“所有
为很多减肥方案失败”,后半部分说“减肥者被要求 人都努力在四个月后减掉7.26公斤”。
为了将来的回报而在当下做出牺牲”,从句子之间 9. that—those词汇错误。此处用在比较级之后,替代
的逻辑关系来判断.此处不是强调两个动作发生的 前面的People,因此应该用复数形式的those ,
先后顺序,而是前果后因,后半句是对前半句的解 . meet—^meeting语法错误。此处是with引导的独
10
择,故用because。
立主格结构,动同应该用非谓语形式,由于前面的
5. 八small词汇错误amount是名词,表示“数域, participants 与 meet their goals 是主动关系,因
数额”,是可数名词,an amount of是固定搭配, 此用meet的现在分词形式,即meeting,本句意为
表示“相当数M 的,一些”,由于此处small放在 “激励组的成员比那些努力减肥但无金钱冋报的
amount前面,故应加上不定冠词au 人减掉了更多的体重,而每组中都有约一半的参
. succeeded-^failed语篇错误。此处是if引导的条件 与者达到了其减肥目标”。
6
— \
lose weight 减肥 remind of 提醒
incentive /in'sentiv/ •刺激,鼓励 conventional /ken venjsnal/ a•常规的
语 treat /tri:t/ W.处理;治疗 obesity /au’bi:sati/ n.肥胖
境
obese /au’bi:s/ 〇•肥胖的 health risk健康危险
if]
sacrifice /saekrifais/ /i.牺牲 lottery /"iDtari/ w•抽彩给奖法
汇
contract /kDntraekt/ n•合同 bonus /baunas/ w•戈金
assign /a’sain/ vA 分配 resign /ri’zain/ W•放弃
V ____ /
• 102 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 35j
For decades, the television was the flagship of any
consumer-electronics product line-up. In all the gadgets in the home, (1)
the TV held the most prominent real estate in the living room, cost
the most to buy, and cany the biggest brand mark. And for (2)
consumer-electronics makers who manufactured them, selling TVs
was a good business.
As the bulky cathode-ray tube televisions of the past turned
into the sleek, flat-screen televisions of today, another shift started
to occur. The price competition was merciful and unrelenting since (3)
the televisions were hard to differentiate. Even so consumers were (4)
buying more televisions than ever, TV makers struggled to turn a
profit. Now, another shift is taking place, and it is threatening to
rob televisions their prominence—and value—in the home. With (5)
more people streaming or downloading video as an alternation to ( )
6
cable or satellite broadcast, more consumers are watching TV
shows and movies on smartphones, tablets and laptops. The
television, meanwhile, may become just another screen. "Thafs a
very real possibility," says Paul Gagnon, the director of North (7)
American TV research for DisplaySearch, a market-research firm
based in Santa Clara, Calif. When televisions end up becoming ( )
8
just another monitor, he says, ** that is a low-profit, no-money
business with just a handful of players/*
To stay ahead of changing viewing habits, television makers
are pushing Web-connected televisions loading with applications. (9)
Web TVs count for about a quarter of all new flat-panel televisions (l〇)
this year, rising to about half of all shipments in three years,
according to DisplaySearch.
^ 完成曰期I — |用时| 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 103 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是电视的发展趋势。电视机一直是消费类电子产品中的旗舰角色,在所冇家用电子产品中,电视机
占据右M M 要的位H 。随着更多人在线观看和下栽视频用以替代有线电视或卫星广播.越来越多的消费者在智能
手机、平板电脑和笔记本上看电视剧和电影。而电视机也许就只是另一个屏菥而已了。这个转变可能会夺取电视机
在家庭中的® 要地位和价值。
♦ 答案详解♦
. In *of词汇错误。根据all和the most可知此处是 . alternation^alternative 词汇错误 c alternation 表示
1 6
指一个范围内之最,M 高级的范围限定词应该用 “交替,轮流”,alternative作名词表示“可供选杵的负
of,而不是In 物”。这里是说“人们将在线观看和下栽视频作为收荇
. carry -carried语法错误。本句中动词carry和前面 有线电视或收听卫星广播以外的另一种选择",故用
2
的held, cost —起作并列谓语,时态上应保持一致, alternative 〇
都用一般过去时,故将cany改为carried。 7. t h e - 词汇错误。director of North American
3. mercifu丨*mert’iless语篇错误。下文提到“各类电视 TV research表示“北美电视研究总监".director在
机之间难分伯仲,即使消费者的电视机购买tt提高 这里是表示“头衔,职位”,此处无需定冠词,故删掉。
了,但电视机制造商却在艰难地力图扭亏为盈”。由 . When—If语篇错误。本句前半部分说“电视机最终
8
此可以判断,电视机行业的竞争是相当残酷的, 沦为另一种S 示器”,这里并未成为现实,只是一种
mercifiil表示“仁慈的,宽恕的”,用在此处不符合 假设,后半部分说“这就会成为只有少数公司参与的
上下文语境,应该用其反义词merciless,表示竞 低利润、没钱赚的生意”。所以此处两个分句不是强
争是“相当激烈和残酷的”。 调时间的一致性,而是在前半句假设的前提下可能
4. so—if/though词汇错误。even so是固定搭配,虽然 产生的结果.故应改成表示条件的If。
能表示句子间的让步关系,但so在此结构中是副 9. loading—►丨oaded语法错误。load作动词表示“装
词,指代前面所叙述的情况或事实等,表示“即便如 载”,此处是作后贤定语修饰前面的Wel>connected
此”,“即便……”的内容需放在even so的前面。本 televisions,丨oad与televisions是被动关系,故应
句是说“消费者的电视机昀买M 比以往更大",与上 改为过去分词,这里是指“电视机厂商正在推出装载
一句“由于各类电视机之间难分伯仲,价格竞争也 应用程序的网络连接电视机”。
呈现激烈态势”并不是让步关系,故不用even so,
. count —account 词汇错误count for sth.意为"有
10
而用词组even if或even though,使之与下一句
价值,有® 要性”,此处与上下文不符这里后面出现
“电视机制造商却在艰难地力图扭亏为a "形成让步 了多个表数M 的词汇a quarter of, half of, W 此用
关系。 account与for形成间定搭配,表示“构成(数 ,比
5. 八their~M)f词汇错误。rob sb. of sth.是固定搭配, 例)”。本句句意“今年网络电视机在新上市的平板电
表示“剥夺某人某物”,这里是指“这个转变可能会夺 视机中占据了大约四分之一的份额. 三年后将增至
取电视机在家庭中的重要地位和价值”,因此要加上 整体出货■:的大约一半”。
介词of
flagship /flaegjip/ n•旗舰 gadget /gaed it/ /i.小机械
3
prominent /pmminant/ a•突出的 rea丨estate不动产
manufacture /•maenju’faektj a/ v/•制造 bulky /bAlki/ a.巨大的,笨重的
语
cathode-ray tube阴极射线管 sleek /sli:k/ 〇•光滑而有光泽的
境
词 flat-screen/panel television 平板电视 merciful /Vn3:sifal/ a.仁慈的
汇 unrelenting /.Anri lentir]/ a•持续的 differentiate /.difa’renjieit/ v•区別
strugg丨e ,strAgl/ v丨••努力 rob /mb/ v/.剥夺
alternative /3:l't3:nativ/ n. 可供选择的办法 tablet /taeblit/ /i.平板电脑
V _ J
• 104 ■100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 36|
Americans find it difficult to engage in any activity for pure
pleasure. We have to have a higher aim—a purpose一for every
moment of time. For example, children take classes or join clubs to
increase their self-esteem, build talent, or try out a potential career.
Adults attend parties to make business contacts, garden to rise (1)
vegetables, and mow the lawn to meet neighborhood standards.
I'm here to tell you about one of my guilt pleasures. It doesn’t cost (2)
a thing, takes a little time, and brings me lots of personal (3)
fulfillment. Best of all, you can indulge in it for sheer ei\joyment.
It is walking. There is something about walking that is
different from jogging. When I’m jogging, I’m instantly (4)
challenging myself tx> go farther or faster, sweat more, and breath (5)
harder. And when I’m walking, Fm taking time to go outside and ( )
6
put one foot in front of another while I look around, blink, and feel
the sun and the wind. When I walk, I am submerged myself in life. On (7)
walks, I confront myself, too. There’s avoiding my recent irrational ( )
8
response to the neighbor with straying trash or the petty argument I
started with my husband. While I walk, I put into perspective that (9)
is important to me.
Artist Winslow Homer said, “The sun will not rise, or set,
without my notice and my thanks.” Where else can you notice the
sun’s movements besides on a walk—an opportunity to appreciate ( )
10
joy in the world for its very existence?
j
< 完 成 曰 期 1 |用时| 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 105 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是步行能给人们带来快乐。美闽人很难因为纯粹的快乐而去从事某项活动,往往会给自己树立一
个很高的目标,或者带有一定的目的性。而作者给我们介绍了一项活动不花一分钱,也不X 要太多的时间.却可以
带来极大的满足感,那就是步行。步行能让人全M 地投入到生活当中,直视f彳己的一切,能冷静地思考什么是极艰
要的东西,史能i丨:我丨|’欣赏到像日出日落这样美好的事物。
1
♦ 答案详解♦
. rise—raise W 汇错误c rise是不及物动衣示••升 行时就会不慌不忙地随怠出去走走,是一种对比关
1
商,上升",后面不能接宾语:而本句中后面的宾语 系,不是并列,故将And改成But,表示转折。
是vegetables (蔬菜),应该用与rise形近的及物动 7. submerged—► submerging i司汇错误:.submerge 作动
词raise,表示“养育本句意为“成年人参加聚会 词,表示“使潜入水中,淹没",本句中主语是I,与
是为了增加业务往来,学习园艺是为了种植蔬菜, submerge之间是主动关系,句子意为“在步行时.
修剪莩坪是为了达到周闱邻居们的标准”。 我将自己完全投人到生活当中”,而前面出现了 be
. guilt—guilty语法错误。guilt是名词,表示“罪恶,有 动同,W 此用submerging构成现在进行时
2
罪”,此处后面接的是名同pleasures,应该丨丨丨形容 • 八avoiding—no语篇错误。上一句提到“步行时,我
8
词来修饰,故改为guilty 不得不面对自己”,本句提及“「"丨避f彳己因邻居乱倒
3. a (litt丨 〆词汇错误。前面提到“不花一分钱”,接 垃圾或与丈夫争吵时的过激反应”,敁然两句话A
下来讲花费的时间,应该是延续前一句的意义表否 相矛盾,既然直面自己,那么应该是对自己的过
定,强调步行这一爱好也不® 要花费很多时间.而a 激反应毫不丨"丨避,故应加上否定词no,双® 否定表
little修饰不可数名词,意为“少fi,少许”,表示肯定, 肯定。
故刪掉a,用否定含义的同little表示“几乎没有” 9. that—what语法错误。本句是宾语从句,表示“步行
4. instanUy—constanUy 同汇错误。instantly 表示“立 时,我能淸楚地知道对我来说什么是 要的东西”,
1
that引导宾语从句时,只起连接作用,不表示任何
刻,马上”,与上下语境不符这里在比较慢跑与步
行的区別,在恂跑过程中总会挑战ft己跑得史远史 含义,故此处应改为what
快,这甩应该用instantly的形近丨司constantly,衣 . besides—►excep丨词汇错误f besides作介词犮示
10
示“时常地,不断地”。 “除……之外(还有)”,将排斥的内容包含在内。本
5. breath—breathe语法错设 breath是名间,表承 句话的意思是“除了步行还有什么能让你注意到
“呼吸,气息”,这里应该要与前面的动词go和sweat 太阳的日出日落呢?”这里是强调步行的好处.故
并列作谓语,表示“跑得91远史快,出汗更多,呼吸 应将步行排除在外,表示除了步行任何事情都替
更急促",因此应改为其动词形式breathe 代不了,W 此用介间except,表示“把……排除在
外;将……不箅在内"。
. And—But语篇错误。本部分将慢跑与步行进行比
6
较,前面提到慢跑时会不断挑战自己,本句讲述步
r ~
self-esteem /.self i’sti:m/ n•自 t? raise /reiz/ v/•养育
mow /mau/ v•割 fulfillment /ful'filmant/ it•满足
语 indulge in沉溺于 sheer /Jia/ a.完全的
境 jogging /*d3Dgir]/ w.慢跑 sweat /swet/ vf. 出汗
词
汇 blink /blii]k/ vi•眨眼睹 submerge /S3b’m3:d3/ v/•淹没
confront /kan_f 「 Ant/ v/•正视 irrational /I'raeJ anal/ a•失去现性的
straying /streir]/ a.霉星的,敗乱的 appreciate /d’pri:Jieit/ W•欣赏
\ J
• 106 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 37j
It is a success in so far as more women retain their youthM
appearance to a greater age than in the past. “Old ladies” are
already becoming rare. In a few years, we may well believe, they
will be extinctive. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease. In ( )
1
so far as the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for more
health, it is admirable but genuinely successful. Beauty that is (2)
merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health is
intrinsically poorer quality than the genuine article. The apparatus (3)
for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach of
every moderately prosperity person; the knowledge of the way in (4)
which real health can be achieved is growing, and will in time, no
doubt, universally acted upon. When that happy moment comes, (5)
will every woman be beautiful—as beautiful, at any rate, as the
natural shape of his features, with or without surgical and chemical ( )
6
aid permits?
The answer is obvious: No. For real beauty is as much an
affair of the inner as the outer self. The beauty of a porcelain jar is (7)
the matter of shape, of colour, of surface texture. The jar may be ()
8
empty or tenanted by spiders, full of honey or stinking slime—it
makes no difference as to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is (9)
lively, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the (10)
human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.
I
/ 完 成 曰 期 1 |用 时 | 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 107 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的S 外在美与内在美。越来越多的女性能够更长久地保持靑#的容貌,这是成功的一面芙RH'意味矜
健谈.从装种程度上说,追求美丽也是追求健谈,可是模仿健康的外表,制造人为的假象,这样的美丽本质上要稍逊
—筹:真正的美丽关乎外在的f彳我.也关乎内在的{■丨我。女性是活生生的,W此她的关丽不仅仅是外表的,史是受到
楮神内涵的影响
♦ 答案详解♦
. extinc丨ive ’extinct 丨<;】汇错误 extinctive 表示“使消 词形成被动语态,由于前而有will,直接用be即吋
1
减的;消灭的”,这里是说“老太太”现在很少见了, . his—her词汇错误。此处不是川his作人称代词指
6
在几年后nl能彻底地销声匿迹,extinct本身就是形 代every person,而是前文提到的every woman,
容词,表示“灭绝的,消逝的”,放仵这里符合语义。 W 此要改为her。
2
. but—and语® 错误。本句前半部分是说“追求美酣 7. as A—of语法错误。此处是内在美与外在美的比
也是追求健谏,这种努力是值得赞许的”,接下来提 较.as... as...结构,第二个 as 的对染 Man affair of
到“也真的获得了成功”,从语义逻辑上判断是一致 the outer self,为 了避免取 , an affair 丨—丨|■以折略,
的.并没有转折的f 味,所以用and连接,表示并列 但of不能街略,否则就成J" an affair of the inner
关系。 和the outer self的对比了,形式不对称.故®在as
3. A poorer ►〇!"语法错误本句主语是Beauty,后面 后加of。
是that引导的定语从句,主句则是beauty... is . the (ma丨丨er)—a 同汇错误。这里首次提到瓷瓶,强
8
intrinsically poorer quality,此处表示的意思是“这
调它的美丽是取决于它的形状、颜色和表面质地,
种美丽M 品质低劣的",intrinsically是副间,这里
并未特指某个瓷瓶及其形状,仅仅是泛指,用来与
应该用来修饰形容间,所以用“ of +名同”的结构.相
人的美丽进行比较,所以将定冠词改成不定冠同。
当于形容同。
9. as 语法错误。此处不是间组as to“关于”,而是
4. prosperity--’prospcrousift法错误■ prosperity 是名 间定搭配make no difference to “对...没冇影
词,表示“兴旺,繁荣”,不能直接搭配名词person, 响",故刪掉as本句意为“瓶子可以是空的,可以由
也不能被副㈤moderately修饰,所以应改为形容
蜘蛛人住,可以装满蜂密,也可以装满发恶臭的烂
词形式prosperous .本句意为“如今每个中等裕
泥,这一切都影响不到瓷瓶的美或丑'
的人都买得起相关装备以装扮出健康模样"。
. lively-’alive同汇错议lively和alive都是形容開,
10
5. A universally—*bc语法错误,本句的意思是“如何 但表示的含义有所不同lively表示“允满活力的,
真正获得健唭的知识在日益增长,且无疑会得到适 活泼的”,在此处与上下文不符前文将瓷瓶的美与
时而荇遍的推广”,主语是the knowledge,泔语足 人的关作比较,强调人坫活的,W 此耍用alive
act upon (推广),两荇足被动关系,W 此要加be动
so far迄今为止 retain /n’tein/ w•保持
extinct /ik’stir]kt/ 〇•灭绝的 ugliness /Vvglinis/ n. fLW
symptom /*simptam/ n•症状 campaign /kaem.pein/ /i.运动
admirable /"aedmarabl/ a .令人赞叹的 artificial /.CKtififal/ a .人造的
语
ad,
intrinsically /in'trinsikdli/ 从本质丨.讲 apparatus /.aepa reitas/ /i.器械
境
词 mimic /Vnimik/ v•模仿 prosperous /pmsparas/ fl.繁荣的,兴旺的
汇 at any rate无论如何 surgical /S3:d3ikal/ a•外科手术的
porce丨ain /*p〇:S3lin/ /i•瓷器 jar /d3a:/ n .嫌子
tenant /tenant/ v. M用 stinking /*stir]kir]/ a .有臭味的
slime /slaim/ /i.泥來 skin deep a .肤浅的
J
V
• 108 .第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 38|
The debate about problem drinking and how to stop it
nowadays centres most on the working-class young. They are (1)
highly visible—and inaudible—as they clog city centres on ( )
2
Saturday nights. But a chapter in a forthcoming book,
and Society, by Philip Withington, a Cambridge historian, argues
that it was the educated elite whom taught Britons how to drink to (3)
excess.
In the 17th century, England experienced a rise in
educational enrolment unsurpassedly until the early th century.
20
Illiteracy inclined and the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, (4)
as well as the Inns of Court and Chancery where barristers learned
their craft, brimming with affluent young men. This was the (5)
crucial period which modem drinking culture was formed. Mr ( )
6
Withington^ description of 17th-century drinking practices will
sound familiar tx> anybody who has been within a few miles of a
British university. It was characterised by two conflicting aims.
Men were to consume large qualities of alcohol in keeping with (7)
conventions of excess. Yet they also supposed to remain in control ( )
8
of their faculties, bantering and displaying wit. Students and
would-be lawyers formed drinking societies, where they learned
the social—and drinking—skills required of gentlemen.
A market in instruction quickly emerged. Collections filled
with jokes, quotes and fun facts proliferated, promised to teach, as (9)
John Cotgrave's Wits Interpreter put it, "the art of drinking, by a
most learned method". Mirroring the standardisation of language
after the invention of the printing press, codes of intoxication were
disseminated to many a wider audience as society became more ( )
10
literate and censorship declined.
、
f 完成曰期j I 用 时 I i 错 误 数 置
备忘笔记:
J
V__________________________________________________________________
. 109 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是英国酒文化的起源。如今饮酒者集中于年轻的工薪阶层,但一位剑桥的历史学家菲利普•威辛顿
却认为正是受过教育的梢英人士教会英闻本地人如何酗酒的。从17世纪至20世纪早期,英格兰地区教育扩招规
模空前,文盲数俄减少。学生们和未来的律师构成了饮酒的社交圈,饮酒是他们学习成为一名绅士所需的社交技巧
和能力。
♦ 答案详解♦
. most >ni〇stly同汇错误。most作副词时,表示“最, 修饰先行词period ,而定语从句中主谓部分完幣,
1
非常”。根据本句句意“如今对饮酒和禁酒的争论大 period在该从句中丨4 于时间状语成分。故应在
部分围绕在年轻的工薪阶层”,故most与上下文不 which前加in,表明“现代酒文化是在该重要时期
符,应用副词mostly,表示“大部分地,大多数地,主 形成的"。
要地”。 7. qualities—*quantities 词汇错误。qualities 表示“质
. inaudible ►audible 篇错误 inaudible 表示“听不 a ,品质”,本文讨论的是酗酒现象,不涉及酒的品
2
见的,不可闻的",根据前面提到的highly visible 质好坏问题,另外根据后面的excess(过tt)—词也
可以判断,此处要表示的意思是“周六晚上城市中 可以判断这里强调17世纪的饮酒风俗就是大W 饮
心挤满了这些年轻人,随处可见,处处可闻”。故 酒。因此用quantity (数tt)形成固定搭配large
inaudib丨e的反义词audible符合上下文语境。 quantities of,表示“大tt的”。
3. whom »who/that语法错误。本句是强调句,强调的 . 八also -were词汇错误。be supposed to是固定搭
8
部分是the educated elite,当强调人时应该用引 配,表示“应该;认为必须;被期望”,且be动同应该
导词that或who,且不能省略 放在also之前。全句意为“本以为他们能保持f彳控,
4. inclined—^declined 词汇错误。incline 作动词表示 谈笑风生”。
“倾斜,倾向于,易于”,与上下文不符,前一句话提 9. pr(丨mised —► promising 语法错误。promise 并不是和
到“从 17世纪至20世纪早期,英格兰地区教育扩 谓语proliferated并列,不能加and,而是作伴随状
招规模空前”。紧接狞本句提到illiteracy(文肓),可 语,修饰前面整个句子,因此要用promise的现在
以推测,此处想表达的意思是“文盲数M 减少”,因此 分词形式promising,,
要用incline的形近词decline,表示“减少,降低”。 . m a n y - 词汇错误。many a是固定间组,表示
10
5. brimming—,brimmed 语法错误。brim with sth•表 “许多的”,修饰可数名词单数,但此处audience
示“(使)满,盛满”,此处是the universities的谓 (观众)是集合名词,当形容观众人数多或少时,通常
语,表示云集了很多年轻人。 用 big, large, huge, wide 以及 small, thin 等形
容间修饰,但不用many, few修饰,因此删掠many.
. /Which *in语法错误。此处which引导定语从句,
6
f
audible /:):dibl/ 〇•听得见的 forthcoming /,fo:0'kAmii]/ a•即将到来的
intoxication /in.tDksi’keiJ an/ n•醉 educated /edju:keitid/ a•受过良好教疗的
elite /ei'li:t/ n•精英 enrolment /inVaulmant/ n .人学
语 illiteracy /I’litarasi/ n•文盲 chancery /tja:nsari/ /i.英国大法官的法庭
境 barrister /*baerista/ /i•出庭律师 brim /brim/ v.充满
词
汇 affluent /*aeflu9nt/ a•大M 的 banter /baente/ v•取笑,逗弄
would-be /wudbi:/a•将要成为...的 proliferate /pra lifareit/ v•激增
disseminate /di semineit/ v• 散布,传播 censorship /"sensajip/ n•审査
V J
• 110 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 39|
Engaging in a hobby like reading a book, making a patchwork
quilt or even playing computer games can delay the onset of
dementia, a US study suggests. Watching TV but does not (1)
count—and indeed spending significant periods of time in front of
the box may speed up with memory loss, researchers found. ( )
2
Nearly 200 people aged 70 to 89 with mild memory problems were
compared to a group who had no impairment. The researchers (3)
from the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota asked the volunteers about
their daily activities within the past year and how mental active (4)
they had been between the age of 50 to 65. Those who had during
middle age busy reading, playing games or engaging in craft (5)
hobbies like patchworking or knitting was found to have a 40% ( )
6
reduced risk of memory impairment. In later life, those same
activities reduced the risk by between 30 and 50%. Those who
watched TV for less than 7 hours a day were also 50% more likely (7)
to develop memory loss than those who spent longer than that
staring at the screen.
"This study is exciting because it demonstrates that age does ( )
8
not need to be a passive process," said study author and
neuroscientist Dr Yonas Geda. “By simply engaging in cognitive
exercise, you can protect against future memory loss. Of course,
the challenge with this type of research is what we are relying on (9)
past memories of the participants, therefore we need to conform ( )
10
these findings with additional research.”
完成日期1 用 时 | 错误数量统计
备忘笔记:
• 111 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的M 如何防治痴呆症。美N —项研究表明:从事一些业余爱好,如读书、缝制灯納被,甚至是玩电脑游
戏,都能减缓痴呆症发病不过研究荇们发现电视起不到这一作用,在电视机前消磨大tt时间反而可能加速失
忆。这一研究证明衰老并不一定是被动的过程,只要进行认知性锻炼就能预防。
♦ 答案详解♦
. but —however词 汇 错 误 。此 处 but在 主 iS . was—»were 法错误。本句主语是those,后iflj是
1 6
watching TV和助动间does之间, 然是作插人 who引导的定语从句,was作谓i?i则主谓不一致,
语,but ffi然表示转折,但but是连词,通常连接两 故应改为复数形式were ,
个独立的句子,故此处应改为however,语意逻辑 7. more—丨ess语篇错误。本文在开头第二句就提到
上表示转折,同时放在句中作插人语。 电视起不到这个作用(减缓痴呆症)”,而本句说
2. with—jjtkfT词汇错误, speed up意为“加速”,若与 “与孖电视超过7 小时的人比,# 电视少于7 小时
with - 起连川,则表示“与……一起加速”。此处 的人失忆的可能性要高50% ”,敁然与开头提到的
memory loss ii•立接由“在电视前面花大W时间" 研究结果相t?.故应将more改为less,表 • 电 视
引起的,并不表伴随,故刪掉with,, 少于7小时的人患失忆的可能性要低。
•3. to—*with词汇错误 compare to表示“把...比 . age—waging间汇错误,.age表示“年龄,老年”, aging
8
作,比喻”,此处意为“研究者把约200名70岁至89 作名间表示“老年化,《老”,由后面的process (过
岁、有轻微失忆的老人和一组没冇此症状的老人进 程 >—词可以判断,此处并非强调年纪,而是指老年
行了对比”,表示“对比,比较”时应该用同定同组 化这个过程,故用aging !£符合文意。
compare with 9. what—*that语法错误^ what后接的从句意为“我们
4. mental —men丨ally语法错误,mental是形容id ,不 依赖参与者对过往的记忆",如果用what引导表语
能用来修饰后面的形容间active ,应该改为副词 从句,what在句中应该充当某个成分,并且表示
mentally,幣句表示“研究荇尚问了参与调杳的志愿 “什么”,但从句中不缺少任何成分,所以此处应改
# 过去一年的日常活动,以及他们50岁到65岁之 为that,在从句中无实际怠思。
间头脑的活跃状况”。 . conform -►confirm 间汇错误。conform 表示“遵
10
5. 八busy—► been语法错误..busy是形容词,不能ft接 守,符合”,confirm表示“证实,证明” 本句是说
作谓语,be busy doing sth.坫间定搭配,表示**忙 “这类研究的挑战在于我们依赖参与者对过往的
于做...during middle age在句中作插人语, 记忆,W 此还需另外的研究来证明这些发现”,
由于前面出现了助动N had,可以判断who引导的 conform用在此处不符合句意,故改为confirm
从句是过去完成时,W 此在busy前加been
f
engage in使从事于,参加 patchwork /*paetjw3:k/ w•拼缝物
onset /onset/ n. 开始 dementia /di'menja/ tu 痴呆
语
境
speed up使加速 mild /maild/ a.轻微的,不严®的
词 be compared with 与...相比 impairment /im’peament/ /i. 损害
汇
craft /kra:ft/ /i•手艺 knitting /"nitirj/ n•针织
stare at盯着看 aging /*eid ir]/ w•衰老
\ 3 _ J
• 112 .Forget fit, tanned and sporty—the new generation of
Australians is fast becoming fat, pale and lazy. A love of junk food,
television and computer games has sent the country,s waistline
ballooning, with Australians weighing in as the world’s fattest ( )
1
nation after the United States. Rather than hitting the beaches,
thousands of young Australians are heading back the couch with a (2)
bag of popcorn, with one child in every four classifying as ( )
3
overweight or obese. The trend is squashing the widely-held
imagery of Australians being sun-bronzed and superfit. The rate (4)
44
of obesity, particularly among children, seems to be going up
faster in Australia than anywhere else in the world, and we don’t (5)
know why/* said Dr Peter Williams, the president of the Dietitians ( )
6
Association of Australia.
A sedentary lifestyle and a changing diet has doubled the
number of obese Australians and treble the army of fat children in (7)
the past decade, pushing direct health costs related to childhood
obesity to about $380 million a year. Data shows childhood
obesity in Australia is rising at the rate of one percent a year, a
trend suggests half of all young Australians will be overweight by ( )
8
2025. Australia's rapid weight gained has health agencies and state (9)
governments racing to find ways to encourage people to get on
their feet and shed some kilometers—while sending the ( )
10
weight-loss industry skipping to the bank, pocketing billion a
$1
year.
成 曰 期 : |用时厂 丨错误数置统
备忘笔记:
• 113 -专 八 改 错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是澳大利亚人的肥胖问题澳大利亚人已经成为仅次于美国人的世界第二肥胖民族,大众心H 中
肤色黝黑、非常健壮的澳大利亚人形象正在因这样的趋势而灰飞烟灭。肥胖率尤其是儿童肥胖率在澳大利亚的增
长速度似乎比世界其他任何地方都要快,资料a 示澳大利亚肥胖儿童的比例正以每年 个百分点的速度上
1
升,这意味笤到2025年澳大利亚儿童将有一半体® 超标。
♦ 答案详解♦
. 八fat丨est *second语篇错误。本句如果意为澳大利7. treble->trebled语法错误。此处的treble应和前面
1
亚人是世界M 胖的民族,则与after the United 的doubled保持一致.均)丨1现ft完成时,形成并列谓
States (在美N 之后)意思相悖,因此可以推测本句 语,表示在过去 年里怠惰的生活方式和饮饮结构
1 0
是说澳大利亚人成为仅次于美国人的世界第二肥胖 的变化对儿竜肥胖所带来的影响
民族,故在fattest前加second . A suggests—which/that 或 suggests—►suggesting 语
8
. hack—*• for同 汇 错 误 head for是间定搭配,表 法错误上一句提到“资料显示澳大利亚肥胖儿®的
2
示“朝...方向去”。 比例正以每年 个百分点的速度上升”,接下来的
1
•3. classifying- »classified语法错误。这里是独立主格结 trend(趋势)一词作此句的同位语,后面的内容是用
构,意为“四分之一的孩子进人了超S 或者肥胖者行 来修饰trend,其中从句缺主语,故关系代词不能荇
列”,孩子们是被列人到行列中去,故用动词的过去 略.应加上which或that.,或直接把suggests改
分词形式,表被动。 成suggesting,用现在分词短语作后 1 定语,修饰
trend 〇
4. imagery—linage 词汇错误。imagery 表示“意象,iwi
像”,而image表示“形象",后面对澳大利亚人的描 9. gained—gain语法错误。从法上符,此处gained可
述是 sun-bronzed and superfit (肤色黝黑、非常 ft! 以作weight的后孜定语.意义上表示“增加了的体
壮的K 显然是对澳大利亚人形象的描绘,故用 ”,但此处不是澳大利亚人迅速增长的•‘体® "引发
1
健康机构和州政府竞相寻求解决办法,而是指“澳大
image
利亚人体® 迅速增加”这个现象引起人们的关注。这
5. and—bu丨语篇错误。从上下文的语义来判断,句间
里用gain作名词表示“增加”,与weight形成名词
的逻辑关系应为转折关系。前面一句说到“肥胖率尤
短语,表示“体® 增加”,更符合文意。
其是儿童肥胖率在澳大利亚的增长速度似乎比世界
. kilometers—kilograms 词汇错误。kilometer 表示
其他任何地方都要快",本句则说“我们不知逍为什 10
“公里,千米”,是距离单位,而kilogram表示“公
么”,话题进行了转移, 在强调后者,故用but,
1
斤,千克”,是® 诅单位。全文讨论的是澳大利亚人
. the— 语法错误president在这里表示“主席,会
6
肥胖问题,所以此处相对应的应该是减轻体这
长”,在英语中当名词表示某职务、头衔时,前面不用
里用kilogram指代体® 。
定冠词theD
/
tanned Aaend/ fl.(皮肤)被晒黑的 waistline /weistlain/ n. 腰闱
balloon
/b9'lu:n/ v•迅速增加
couch /"kautjV
/i.长沙发
popcorn /*pDpko:n/ /I. 爆玉米花 classify /klaesifai/ W.把...分类
语
境 squash /skwDj/ v•把...压扁 imagery /imid33ri/ n. 怠象
词 bronzed /bronzd/ a.晒黑的 dietitian /dai9’tijan/ /i.饮食学家
汇
sedentary /"sedantari/
a.活动少的
treble /*trebl/
v/•(使)成为二•倍
at the rate of 以...速度 get on one’s feet 站立起来
shed /Jed/
v/•去掉
pocket /"pnkit/
W•把...装入口袋内
V J
• 114 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 411
Starting in the mid-1990s, m^yor American cities began a
radical transformation. Years of high violent crime rates, thefts,
robberies, and inner-city decay suddenly started to turn around.
Crime rates dicing just hold steadily, and they began falling faster than (1)
they went up. That trend appeared in practically every (2)
post-industrial American city, simultaneously.
"The drop of crime in the 1990s effected all geographic areas (3)
and demographic groups,” Steven D. Levitt wrote in his landmark
paper on the subject, Undei^standing Why Crime Fell in the 1990s,
and elucidated further in a best-selling book Freakonomics. MIt (4)
was unanticipated that it was widely dismissed as temporary or (5)
illusory long after it had begun." He went on to tie the drop to the
legalization of abortion years much earlier, dismissing police ( )
20 6
tactics as a cause but they failed to explain the universality and (7)
unexpectedness of the change. Alfred Blumstein’s The Crime
Drop in America pinned the cause of crime solely on the crack
epidemic but gave the credit for its appearance to those self-same ( )
8
policing strategies.
Plenty of other theories have been offered to account for the
double-digit decrease in violence, from the advent of “broken
windows” policies, three strikes laws, changing demographics, gun
control laws, and the increasing prevalence of cellphones or an (9)
upturn in the economy and cultural shifts in American society.
Some of these theories have disproven outright while others (10)
require a healthy dose of assumption to turn correlation into
causation.
j
/完 成 日 期 |用 时 | @ 误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 115 .专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是美闰城市犯罪率的下降。20世纪90年代中期开始,美W 城市犯罪率.发生了根本的变化,以前居
高不下的暴力犯罪、偷盗、抢劫等突然间开始好转,而且儿乎同时发生在每个后丁.业时代的城市里关于犯 率下
1
降的原因,大家各持己见,Steven D. Levitt把其归功于® 胎的合法化,而Alfred Blumstein则认为是莆方策略,
还有其他各种理论,包括各种政策法规的出现、手机的普及以及经济和文化等各方而,其中有些理论d 经被彻底推
翮,而另外一些还有待验证。
♦ 答案详解♦
. steadily ‘steady语法错误。hold此处是“保持,持 .nuich—pjudT词汇错误:此处earlier作副丨司,表^
1 6 ♦
续”的意思,为系动词。其后应接形容词性的steady “以前”,不:要much修饰。
2. That >This语法错误this和that邡可以指代前面 7. but—because语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,句间的
提到的淇物,一般近指用this,表示“这个”,此处指 逻辑关系应该为因果关系,而不是转折关系,前句
代的就是前一句所提到的趋势,故应改为This。 指出把犯罪率下降归功于 年前哨胎的合法化.
2 0
■3. effec丨ed—affected词汇错误。effect作动词意为“产 不认为筲方策略足导致下降的原W ,后句说到筲察
生,引起'affect作动词意为“影响",根据上下文语 手段不能解释犯罪率下降的普遍性及出乎•意料性,
义,此句要表达的意思是“90年代犯罪申-的下降影 后者指出前者的原因,故应该用表示原因的连冏。
响到了所有的地K 和社群。”故应改为affected,符 . appearance — ► disappearance 语篇错误..由上"F文的
8
合上下文语境。 语义判断,此处指的是犯罪的消失而不是出现,
4. a—the间汇错误。此处用来特指fVea/cowomics这 故应改为disappearance 此句的意思是“Alfred
本书,故应改为the。 Blumstein在《美国犯罪率下降》一文中把犯罪归
咎于可卡因的泛滥,但把犯罪的消失归功于胬察
5. Aunanticipated—so语法错误。从结构上来希,这
策 略 ”
句话可以看成是that引导的主语从句,意思是“犯
罪率下降被普遍认为是短暂的或虚幻的,这一观点
9. or—to间汇错误..此处用to和前面的from搭Sd,
是不曾预料到的”,但与上下文语境不符。此句中的 构成from... to,列举了可能存在的other theories
it was widely dismissed as temporary or illu- (其他理论>。
sory应该是用来形容unanticipated的程度,故应 . Adisproven-► been语法错误此句的主语Some
10
该在前面增加一个so与that搭配,构成结果状语 of these theories与谓语动间disprove之间是被
从句,意为“犯罪率下降适始料未及的,以致它被普 动关系,故应该加上一个been,表 ;•现在完成时的
4
遍认为是短暂的、虚幻的。” 被动语态。
f
transformation /.traensfa’meijan/ /!•变形,转化 decay /di'kei/ n. » 败(或《退)状态
demographic /.demagraefik/fl•人口统计学的 landmark /*laendma:k/ /i. 屯程碑
elucidate /i'lu:sideit/ v.阐明,说明 illusory /i1u:S9ri/ a. 虚幻的
语
legalization /Ji:galai’zeij n/ /I•合法化 abortion /abo:Jan/ /i• 流产,啦胎
境 3
词 tactic /taektik/ /!•策略 universality /ju:niva saeliti/ w• 普-遍性
汇
epidemic /.epi demik/ /i. advent /"aedvent/ /i. 到来
prevalence /prevalans/ n .流行,盛行 outright /autraiV似/.彻底地,全部地
correlation /.kori’leijan/ /I•关联 causation /ko:zeiJan/ n. W 果关系
)
. 116 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 42|
For people suffering from depression, the advice is usually
the same: seek help. This simple-sounding directive, moreover, is (1)
often difficult for those with depression to follow because one
common symptom of the disease is denial or lack of aware. This (2)
can be frustrated for well-meaning family and friends—and is one (3)
of the key ways that treating mental illness is different from
treating other illnesses.
The challenge for a person with a depressed spouse, relative
or close friend who refuses to get treatment is how to change
defiant person’s mind. Reality show-style interventions and tough (4)
love are rarely successful, experts say. But there are techniques
that can help. The key is to txy and avoid a debate over if your (5)
loved one is sick and instead of look for common ground. ( )
6
"Depression makes a person see the world by gray-colored (7)
glasses," says Xavier Amador, a clinical psychologist and director
of the LEAP Institute in Taconic, NY, who trains mental-health ( )
8
doctors and family members how to overcome a mentally ill
person^ denial of their disease. At the LEAP Institute, they teach
mental-health professions how to build enough trust with the (9)
mentally ill person that he will follow advice even if he won’t
admit to sick. LEAP is an acronym for “listen reflectively, (10)
empathize strategically, agree on common ground and partner on
shared goals.”
f j iTj
完成曰期丨 用时| ^ ^错误数置统
备忘笔记:
• 117 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是如何治疗抑郁对于那些深受抑郁症困扰的病人,医生给出的意见往往是相同的:请寻求帮助。
然而,这个听起来简单易行的建议往往难以得到落实。因为抑郁症病人的一个常见症状就是否认或是完全没有意
识到自己已经得病。这一点正是精神疾病治疗和其他疾病治疗之间的一个主要区别。而对于那些忧郁症患者的家
W 或朋友来说,解决这个问题的关键还在于学会如何去改变他们这种抗拒治疗的态度,要尽M 避免争论他们是否
有病,而是积极地达成共识
♦ 答案详解♦
. moreover—however语篇错误。根据前文提到“这 不是替代的内容,而是强调的ffi点,W 此去掉of,
1
个建议听起来简单易行",后文说“往往难以得到落 instead作副词,意为“反而,却”,表示转折。
实”,由此可判断前后之间应该是转折关系,而不是 7. by-+through词汇错误。介词by和through都冇表
递进关系,故用however。 示“通过”的含义,但by强调方法、手段以及传递的
. aware—awareness语法错误。aware是形容词, 方式,through强调的是时间或空间上的通过、经
2
表示“意识到的”,此处介词of后面应该接名词 过。本句是说“抑郎症患者彷佛是透过灰色眼镜看
awareness,表示“抑郁症病人的一个常见症状就是 世界”,这里抑郁症患者并不是主动地利用灰色眼
否认或是完全没有意识到自己已经得病”。 镜这一工具去看世界,而是强调空间上透过、穿过,
■3. frustrated -frustra丨ing 语法错误,frustrated 表承 故用 througlv
“沮丧的,挫败的”,主语通常是人,而本句主语是 . who^which语法错误。本句是一个非限制性定语
8
This,指代前面提到的抑郁症病人无法意识到自己 从句,先行词应该是紧接前面的LEAP Institute,而
得病这一事实,由此可以判断,应该用形容间 不是LEAP研究所主任且定语从句也是在具体描
frustrating表示“令人沮丧的”,本句意为“这对于那 述研究所提供的服务及培训对象,故®用指代物的
些好心的家人和朋友来说,是令人沮丧的車情。” 关系代词which。
4. /\ defiant »the 词汇错误,本句中的 defiant person 9. professions.-)professi❶nals 词汇错误。profession 表
就是指代前半部分提到的a depressed spouse, 示“职业”,这里研究所帮助的对象不是某职业,而
relative or dose friend,这里冉^次提及表示特指, 是从事心理健康方面的专业人士,故改为名间
故应加上定冠词the。 professional,即“专业人十”。
5. if_»whether词汇错误。if和whether都可以引导宾 10. 八sick—► being语法错误。sick是形容词,前X 加
语从句,表示“是否”,但whether引导的宾语从句 be动词.表状态。admit to是间定搭配,表示“承
可以放在介词后面,if引导的宾语从句则不能,, 认”,而此处to是介词,故用being。另外admit后
. of ►〆词汇错误。instead of是固定搭配,表示••代 可直接接名词表示承认的内容,如果改成名词
6
替,而不是……”,后面接代替的内容,而从句意上 sickness,则不需要介间to.
看,本句是说“关键在于尽tt避免争论他们是否有
病,而是积极地达成共识”,所以instead of后面并
f >
suffer from 忍受 depression /di’prej an/,i•抑郁
directive /di’rektiv/ /!•指令 denial /di naial/ n•拒绝
语 mentaM丨丨ness精神病 spouse /spauz/ /i•配偶
境 defiant /di'faiant/ a.不顺从的 intervention /.inta venjan/ w.介入
词
clinical /klinikal/ a•临床的 follow advice听从意见
汇
acronym /*aekranim/ n.首字母缩略同 reflective丨y /ri'flektivli/ 似/.沉思地
empathize /*empa0aiz/ v丨••移情 common ground 共同点
)
• 118 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
= Passage 43|---------------------------------------
The transformation of journalism in India—the world’s
largest democracy and one of its fastest growing economies —has
implications for journalism around the world. With approaching
round-the-clock news channels— unrivalled in any other
100
country—India boasts the world’s most linguistic diverse news ( )
1
landscape. This offers exciting opportunities, as well challenges to (2)
professional journalists and scholars of international journalism.
The India Media Centre, the world's first academic centre
which dedicated to studying globalizing tendencies of media (3)
in India, is organizing the pioneering conference to address (4)
the implications of this m^jor media development. This
international gathering will bring together journalists and
journalism scholars around the world to examine the changing face (5)
of journalism in India and their impact on the rest of the world. ( )
6
According tx> the World Association of Newspapers, the sale
of newspapers in India is booming: circulation grew by 46 per cent
between 2000 and 2008 and more than 99 million copies of
newspapers were sold in India every day. The Times of India is (7)
now the world’s largest circulating, English-language “quality” ( )
8
newspaper. From FM and community radio to online media,
journalists are finding new ways to communicate with a requiring (9)
and fragmenting audience, including a young and vocal,
middle-class diaspora. International media groups—from financial,
to sport journalism to entertainment news—are extending and
embedding their operations into that is one of the world’s biggest ( )
10
news bazaars.
/完成曰期| |用 时 | 了错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 119 .专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是印度新闻业的转型。印度拥有将近 个全天候的新闻频道和世界上语种最多的新闻报道,其
1 0 0
新闻业的快速发展给新闻T.作者和国际新闻学研究者提供了机遇和挑战。印度媒体中心正在筹备一场先驱性的国
际会议,召集仝球的新闻r 作者和研究者探讨印度新闻业的转变及其对全球的影响。印度的报纸销俜tt在飞速发
展,国际媒体企业正在向这一世界最大的新闻市场进军。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. linguistic…linguisticaUy 语法错误。linguistic 是形 . their—its语篇错误。这里指代的是the changing
6
容词,不能修饰形容词diverse,而linguistically是 face of journalism in India“印度新闻业的转变”,
linguistic的副W 形式,可修饰diverse,意为“语言 因此应该用单数形式its来替代。
上多样化地”。 7. were—>are语法错误。本句中有时间状语every
•八 challenges—as 语法错误。as well as 和 as well day,而且主句中用了现在进行时is booming,表;
2
都可意为“也,又”,区别是as well as连接并列的 印度报纸销售fft正在飞速发展,因此应该用•般现
单词或短语,放在句中,as well放在句末。故此处 在时。
应该用as well as。
. circulating rircula丨ed语法错误。这里的分词用来作
8
3. which 语法错误。dedicated 是形容词,be 定语,和 English-language “quality ” 一 起修饰 news
dedicated to意为“致力于”,这里作后置定语修饰 paper , 而 circulate 和 newspaper 是 被动的 关系,
academic centre,无须加关系代词which注意,虽 故应该用过去分词circulated,此处表示“全世界流
然此处也可相当于定语从句,但是由于先行词 通最多的高质傲英语报纸”。
academic centre 前面被丨t:数同 the world’s first 9. requiring—demanding词汇错误。此句表示“新闻
修饰,只能用that来引导定语从句,故不能在
工作者正在寻求新的方式与苛求的日益分裂的观
which后面加上is。 众进行沟通”。demanding表示“要求商的,苛求
4. the 同汇错误。这里的 pioneering conference 的”,而requiring没有此意,W 此不能用。
表示“先驱性的会议”,此处是第一次提及,故用不 . that—what语法错误。引导名同从句的that是连
10
定冠词a而不用定冠词the 词,在句中不充当任何成分且无意义,而what是
5. 八around—♦ from 词汇错误 around the world 意 连接代词,what=the thing(s) that此处的从句缺
为“全世界”,根据上下文,“这次会议将把来自全世 少了主语部分,W 此要用what,表示the country
界各国的新闻工作者和新闻学者聚集在一起”。因 that >
此应该加上介同from,表示“来自于”。
r
transformation /•traensfa’meij an/ n•转 journalism /d33:nalizdm/ n. 新闻业
democracy /di mokrasi/ /i •民主 implication /.impli’keijan/ n.含意, Bf? 示
语 round-the-clock fl. 不分昼夜的 unrivalled a•无对手的
/An’raivald/
境
linguist丨cally / 《\^以 (<丨/(^/.语言(学)」-地 landscape w•风景,孩色
词 11 9 1 3 1 1 /laendskeip/
dedicate to 投身于 circulation • 发fHrt
汇 /.S3:kju’leij3n/ /i
fragment /*什
aegmant/
v•(使)成碎片 diaspora
/dai’sespara/
w•海外犹太人
embed
/im’bed/
v•把...嵌人 bazaar /ba'za:/ w.(东方国家的)市集
\ J
• 120 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 44|
For centuries, immigrants have come to America seeking the
promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Some came
fleeting religious persecution. Others came for the possibility of a (1)
better life. But all were inspired by the freedoms that exist in the
United States because of the rule of law.
Throughout our history, immigrants have contributed to
American society and help build the American dream. But today (2)
we face with an immigration crisis. Lax enforcement of our (3)
immigration laws threatens the promise of life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness that has made America that it is today. In (4)
order to protect the American dream, we must enforce our
immigration laws.
According to a report by the Government Accountability
Office, only 44 percent of the U.S.-Mexico border is under the
“operational control” of the U.S. Border Patrol. Forty-four percent
is a failure grade. Holes in the security of our borders threaten (5)
American lives. The first promise of the American dream is “life.”
In order to protect that promise, we must secure the U.S.-Mexico
border.
We must also do more to prohibit Americans from criminal ( )
6
illegal immigrants. Despite the Obama administration has (7)
increased the deportation of criminal immigrants, two Supreme
Court rulings created a safe haven for dangerous criminal
immigrants who can be removed. Because these rulings prohibit ( )
8
criminal immigrants from detained longer than six months (9)
when they cannot be deported, federal officials have been forced to ( )
10
release thousands of criminal immigrants into our communities.
Tragically, many have gone on to commit more crimes, including
murder.
厂完成曰期丨 j 用时| 丨错误数置统iT f
备忘笔记:
V
• 121 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是美闽移民问题,几个世纪以来,许多人移民来到美国寻求生存、自由和幸福冇些人为了逃离宗
教迫害,另一些人则为了过上更好的生活。移民者为美w 社会做了很多贡献.但现在美国面临普移民危机。松弛的
移民法威胁荇人们的生存权、自由权和追求幸福权。根据美国政府审计总署的报告,只有44%的美国与堪沔呀边境
处于美国边境巡査的控制之下;此外,两大敁商法院的裁决为非法犯罪移民提供了安全的避难所,这些都严t 威胁
着美国人的生命,
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. fleeting—fleeing词汇错误。此处考查形近间的用 此句的意思是:44%是处于不及格的等级。
1
法.fleeting为形容词,表示“短暂的,飞逝的”,若为 . prohibit -protect 间汇错误。prohibit 意为“禁止,
6
动词fleet的现在分词形式,则意为“疾飞、掠过”, 阻止”,放在这里语义不通。此句要表达的意思是
放在此处不符合语意。fleeing为现在分词形式,表
“我们应该采取更多的措施保护美闰人不受非法
示“逃离”,在句中作状语,整句意为“一些人为了逃 犯罪移民的侵富”故应该用protect, protect...
避宗教迫害来到美国”。 from...意为“保护事物不受损富”。
2 . help ► helped语法错误。此句是现在完成时,H丨and 7. Despite *;\丨111«叫1|/711〇11扑 语篇错误_由上下文语
连接了两个并列的谓语动词,help应该和前面的 义判断,句间的逻辑关系应该是让步关系,despite
contributed形式上保持一致,故应改为过去分词形 是介词,表示“尽管”,但后面不能接句子,故应改
式 helped , 为连间 Although 或 Though
3. with — 词汇错误。face可单独使用,意为“面 . c a n m ’t语篇错误。根据上下文语境,前而提到
8
临”,后面不需要加介词with。be faced with亦意 safe haven “安全的避难所”,下文说到“如果犯罪
为“面临”,但由于改错答案只限于一个单词,故不 的非法移民超过六个月没有被逍返的话将被释放,
这么改。 意味荇他们将留在美国而不能被驱逐”。故此处应
该用否定意义的can’t。
4. that (UV ■•what语法错误。此处是“make+宾语+宾
语补足语”的结构,宾补部分是一个名同从句,引导 9. 八detained "-being 语法错误。prohibits, from doing
词在从句中充当表语,故应该用what引导,表 意为“禁止做”.而detain和immigrants之间是被
示“……的样子”。 动关系,故应该用被动形式being detained
5. failure—failing词汇错误。failure是名同,意为“失 . when—if语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,此句中的
10
败”,放在这里语义不通。此处耑要一个形容间性的
they cannot be deported作状语,表示条件,而
阏作grade的定语,fail和grade之间是主动关系, 不是时间,意思是“如果他们不能被驱逐出境”,故
故应该用现在分词形式failing,意为“不及格的”。 应改为if。
immigrant Amigrant/ n•移民,侨民 liberty /libati/ w•自由
flee /fli:/ v/•逃离 persecution /p3:si'kju:Jan/ n.迫害
语 lax /laeks/ fl. 不严格的 enforcement /info:smant/ w•实施,执ff
境
词 operational /.npa'reij^nal/ a•操作的 security /si’kjuarati/ /i•安全
汇
criminal /"kriminal/ a. 犯罪的 Hlega 丨/i’li:gal/fl.不合法的,非法的
deportation /di:po:'teiJan/ n•驱逐出境 haven /heivn/ /i.避难所
remove /n’mu:v/ v/.移开,挪走 detain /di’tein/ W.拘留
• 122 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 45|
Kissing, stroking and wild embraces are common enough,
and now the quiet, romantic gesture of holding hands in public is a ( )
1
final frontier for many young couples in the West—even though,
traditionally it was a first step towards intimacy. Power couples on (2)
the world stage have taken up handholding as a sign of equality (3)
and commitment. The political figures and their wives are often
snapped hand-in-hand.
That very fact —which it’s a simple but powerful statement of (4)
commitment—is exact what deters many young people from (5)
linking hands. There is no public display of affection intimate ( )
6
between two people than handholding, writes New York bachelor
Jozen, on his blog. "Holding hands is the ultimate sign that two
people are not only together, also happily so. Couples kiss madly, (7)
hug madly. But hold hands madly? Oh no, they don’t do that.”
Public Display of Affection is so common and varied that itfs
earned its own acronym, the PDA. A lot of young people aren’t
thinking about the long term when they date with someone: ( )
8
"Kissing and touching are fueled by passion and don*t necessarily
mean people plan to be together forever. But a couple quietly
holding hands shows something deeper." In the fast paced, constantly
changing world of youth where everything is permitted, but something (9)
is certain, people have time for passion but are scary ( )
10
of the commitment of love.
f
完成日期 用时 错误数置统计
备忘笔记:
• 123 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是公共场所牵手的意义。亲吻、爱抚和拥抱虽很常见,但如今,安静、浪漫的牵手却成了很多西方年
轻人在公共场所的终极边界—— 虽然这在传统上不过是亲密行为的第一步。世界大舞台上的权贵夫妇们已将捤手
视为平等、承诺的标志。然而,正是这个简单却强大的承诺U:众多年轻人对牵手望而却步。公共场合亲密行为很常
见,也很多样在如今快节奏、不断变化的年轻人的世界,人们有时间享受激情,却往往害怕爱情的承诺,,
♦ 答案详解♦
. and *hut语篇错误。从上下文的语义来判断,句间 • 八intimate—more词汇错误。在紫接的下文中出现
1 6
的逻辑关系应为转折关系。前句说亲吻,爱抚和拥 了 than,故应该用比较级,在 intimate前面加上
抱很常见,后句说如今安舴、浪漫的牵手成了很多 more
0
西方年轻人在公共场所的终极边界,前后形成对 7. also —》but或八also—hu丨词汇错误。此句用了 not
比.故应该用表示转折关系的but替换and only... but also的结构,其中also可以拆略,此句
. a »the词汇错误。此句的意思是“握手在传统上是 的意思是“捤手不仅是表示两个人在一起的M 终
2
亲密行为的第一步。”在序数同前要用定冠词the。 标志,而且标志笤两个人幸福地在一起。”
3. up 或up、吣词汇错误,take up意为“开始从 . with 同汇错误date意为“与人约会”时是及
8
事;对……产生兴趣",不符合文义,take... as意为 物动同,不:要介词。
“把……当作,认为”,此句要表达的意思是“世界大 9. something…’nothing 语篇错误此句和 everything
舞台上的权贵夫妇们将捤手视为平等、承诺的标 is permitted是并列分句 起作为the world of
,一
志。”另外,也可以改用take to,意为“喜欢,习惯 youth的定语,句间的逻辑关系是转折关系,所以此
于”,表示那些权贵夫妇习惯于将握手视为平等、承 处应该川nothing,与前句的everything形成对照,
iK•的标志。 意为“一切都是允许的.但没有什么是确定的”。
4. which Ihat语法错误。此句作fact的同位语,用来 . scary ’scared闻汇错误。scary意为丨怕的,吓
10
解择说明fact的具体内容,which是关系代isj不能 人的”,一般指什么东西或琪怙很恐怖,scared怠
引导同位语从句,且此句结构完整,不缺少任何成 为“害怕的,惊慌的”,一般指人感到窗怕或恐怖,
分,故应该用从属连词that引导。 后面通常接of,此句意为“人们有时间孪受激
5. exact—exactly语法错误。此处用来修饰前面整句 情,却往往害怕爱悄的承诺。”故此处应该改为
话一 -“这个简单却强大的承诺”,故应该用副间 scared,符合上下文语义。
exactly,意为“正好,恰恰正是”,用来加强语气。
stroke /strauk/ v/.抚摸 frontier /frAntia/ /i.边境,边界
语 intimacy Antimasi/ /i.亲密 equality /i kwnlati/ w•平等
境
commitment /ka’mitmant/ /i•承诺 deter /di't3:/仗 (常与from连用)使不敢
词
汇 affection /9’fekJan/ /i•感情,爱热之情 ultimate /Alt丨mit/ •最后的,最终的
acronym /aekranim/ n.首字母缩略同 fuel /fjual/ 激起,刺激
■ 124 •^蚩三窠 H〇(:篇封轵联斟tfil装
jesseBa rf 9f-------------------------------------------------------------------------
jssnas oouoaumig qmueru iderinuS era eruoug )fia oupDBj
)xcdios iu apnoBitouB[ dsApi〇i〇3A‘ pifip paAajoduiau^ erip ooSuipAO
spauoa 〇ua DduqR( joans qes qaau ou pia issna oj MqX s^npaujs )l(
]dBUl erip )dBDqajs )d^oq qas^ erip piso〇A0ity iaerLiiuS AOjsns pij0D^
nisixnopou qss qadU v Dou^au^ap iu iuopaul apn〇B|rouBj ⑵
)fiaojA erip s^aiuiuap jjoiu pia pia〇jap〇B| dajsdaopAa 〇J )8(
oousqaopAis^ pxsOOAditi jaerLmig is qd]idAap )xc qa b nep joj
JB〇T|l^IIl8 )fld DidB^OU erip OiSBUIZB^lOU OJ |DlOM(0p89< BS Maj[ BS
iqa ixEusjdj oj pvsv iDiOMjapSa bdjoss pTjjajau^ Dou^cps xqis
Bddio^oq ooujjbsjs mi^i aioms \\\eT auidqBsiza piaap iusnoopou
jjoui iaBoqaa sqrpaul ,yus auq^ nppjdssas pid 〇j 〇n MiuS DaujJBf
issnasi ]iom piSDOAdjA idBuiiuS is pdjiu9p( pid diudiuoB( OAipauoa
iu jbaoj oj pis〇o A0iti iaerimig oj pjiap ]usqapfo‘u erip jfia
jHOiji^pou oj piSOOAaiti erip iJBusjaj•
QisooAaiti iaerLixug is b SauajB[ Bddj〇B〇q iUAOfAds
umipap dBjppdFjrou nup BojiAa iubmiti iu pia Bobmsipou oj )f(
oouoad^s erip s^rjB^dSidS' ]u pessiooiu 〇D u^0cps* i; jdjdjs 〇i b jouu
oj omxiDipmu Mjiioq sqrpau^s era auoonjBgap bopaojA 9xd〇i ja )g(
erip ggnoa o】n iqa oouoad^s' spnpou‘s oj sjjB^agias jfia qerip V )9(
VAipa]X B3Dad)dp ipdB is \(vey pisOOAdiX idBiinuS is pia jobs^ )l(
BddjoduH^a erip au.aopAa Bddjo^oq paad erip jespug )8(
niipajsiFiipiuS nus BddjOBoq is oyau oouiJBs^ap Mipi pijap
rusqaopou oj axdosi^oiCi iaerinug' M(iioq ^XIcidbhX jajajs iJBpipouBi* )6(
oou^aui-ouau^ap iuapiops pi代)fia ]usqapoj 刊pmas sqrpaujs )I〇(
qaerinug nssooiB^ap Mi)fi pxjap ius^utpiou is oyau qaji9Aap qa
jass dugnSdp nup jass nopAa' erip ;qns iass ajjaopAa
; 卿 丨 错斟确喜鸦44 |
每莘毐迅:
r
卜2S.专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论了人类学习中几个批判性问题里的一个中心问题:在现代教育的理论和实践中,发现式学习和直接
性指导,哪种方法能使教与学达到最佳效果。发现式学习是一种获取概念和策略的方法,它需要关注度高的参与和
积极性强的咨询;而直接性指导是指导师向学生授课的、以内容为导向的传统式教学方式。通过对比研究可知,发
现式学习是推进深人而持久理解的最合适、最有效的方法。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. why 士p9'reiJan/ w•操作,经苻
principa丨/prinsdpal/ a•最重要的;主要的 coverage /*kAvarid3/ w .保险范
语
境 liability /.laia’biliti/ /i•责任 essentia丨/I'senJ" al/ fl.必不可少的,非常歌要的
词
汇 lawsuit /*lo:sju:t/ n•官司,诉讼 in advance
priority /prai’oriti/ /i.优先(权),申:点 no-fau丨t law (汽车保险)不追究过失责任法
mandatory /"maendatari/ a•强制性的 sufficient /sa’fij ant/ «• 足够的,充分的
• 132 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 5〇)-------------------------------------------------------------
Stopping cigarette smoking has become a big problem for all
governments. In democratic countries, the economic strength of
the tobacco industry is such great that measures taken by ( ) _________________
1
governments to protect the rights of non-smokers cannot be
applied efficiently. In some undemocratic countries, on the other (2) _________________
hand, governments cannot be trusted and they lack the motivation
to deal with the problem. However under any political system, (3) _________________
social conditioning and chemical habit make banning tobacco a ( ) _________________
4
formidable task and one that would take a long time.
Yet, current information campaigns are failing as worldwide
use increases faster than the population. Totally banning cigarette
smoking so far as has been unsuccessful in all countries. An (5)___________________
alternative approach includes neither the prohibition of smoking in ( ) _________________
6
the workplace and public buildings or the strict limitation of
smoking to specific areas. This movement may be the greatest (7) _________________
success of the information campaign against tobacco. Its leaders
insist that despite the continued sale, advertising, and use of
tobacco, non-smokers have every right to be exposed to the ( ) _________________
8
carcinogens, carbon monoxide, and irritants in tobacco smoke.
Such a campaign can have three important effects. First of all,
by banning the use of tobacco from places that non-smokers would ( ) _________________
9
be exposed, thousands of lives may be saved. Second, by forcing ( ) _________________
10
smokers to give up their habit while in the presence of
non-smokers will provide them with an added force to quit. And
third, by stigmatizing tobacco use as dangerous and antisocial, the
campaign for non-smokers’ rights can accomplish a goal of all
anti-smoking information campaigns: to make smoking socially
unattractive.
「完成曰期丨 |用时| 丨错误数置统计| 、'
备忘笔记:
V________________________________________________________________________________________________________ )
• 133 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是禁烟运动。禁烟是一个令所有政府头痛的难题,这不仅是个难以解决的任务,而且执行、完成起
来也盂要很长的时间。全面禁烟在全世界都没有取得成功,但是在工作场合、公共场合或某些特定场合实行禁烟是
个不错的方法:文章M 后还提到禁烟运动的三个重要影响。
♦ 答案详解♦
. such »so词汇错误。由后面的that可以推测此处是 没有取得胜利”,此处应该删掉as.表示“到目前为
1
用so... that的句型.表示“太...以致...",so后 止,迄今"。
边接形容间或副词。本句意为“烟草行业的经济实力 . neHher~»either词汇错误。either和下文中的or形
6
如此强大以致政府用来保护不吸烟人群的措施无 成搭配,意思为“或者...或者...”,neither...
法得到有效应用”。such... that作“如此……以 nor...的意思为“既不……也不……"。此句表示“在
致……”解时,such后边要用名词(这个名词前面可
工作场合、公共场合或某些特定场合实行禁烟是个
以带形容词,也可以不带),由此可知,此处应改成so。
不错的选择”。
2
. efficiently—effectively 词汇错误。efficiently 意为 7. specific-‘specified同汇错误。两个词都有“特定的”
“高效地”,effectively意为“有效地"。由开头句“禁 的意思。不过specific更侧® 于指琪物内容“具体
烟是个大难题”可知,此处“高效”的标准应该还达不 的,确切的”,而specified则表示“指定的”,这里与
到.而是指“有效地应用”.故该选用effectively。 areas搭配更适合.表示“某些指定场所”,所以应该
3. However—^And语篇错误。上文提出,“从另一方面 选用 specified _
来说,在非民主国家,政府不被信任,也缺乏处理这 . (right) /\to,not 或 exposed >unexposed 语篇错误。
8
个问题的动机”,紧接着分析了“在任何政治体系 全文都是讲禁烟,这里对于非烟民而言,应该是有
中,社会条件以及对烟草中化学物质的习惯性成瘾 权“不使”自己暴露于这样的环境中,所以应该增加
使得禁烟成为一个难以解决的任务……”。两个句子 一个否定含义的词not,或可将exposed改为
间应该是并列关系,而不是转折关系,所以这里应该 unexposed,,
用 And。 9. that—where语法错误。引导定语从句的关系代词
4. habit ‘habitua丨ion词汇错误。此处and连接两个名 that,可以作为从句中的主语、宾语等成分,但在此句
词,habit意思为“习惯,习性",这里与chemical搭 中,从句所修饰的先行词p丨aces在从句中作地点状
配,语义不明habituation表示“成瘾,对(麻醉品)的 语,所以应该改为关系副词where。
适应”,放在此处符合上下文语义,表示“对烟草中化 . by 语法错误。by doing sth.表方式,在句子
10
学物质的习惯成瘾”。 里充当状语成分,而本句中动名词短语forcing
5. as-〆词汇错误。so far as意为“只要;达到……的 smokers to give up their habit 是作主语,所以
程度”,so far意为“到目前为止”,常与完成时搭配。 要将by删掉。
根据此句含义“到目前为止,全面禁烟在所有国家都
undemocratic /Andema’kraetik/ a. 不民主的 motivation /.mauti veijan/ n .动杉L
dea丨with处理 habituation /•haebitju’eijan/ n•成癒
语 formidable /fo:midabl/ a. 难对付的 prohibition Aprauhi biJ an/ n. 禁止
境
词 limitation /.limi teiJan/ /i•限制 movement /*mu:vm9nt/ n •运动
汇
be exposed to 绿媒于... monox丨de /rmVnnksaid/ /i• —氧化物
irritant /intant/ it•剌激物 in the presence of 在...的面前
stigmatize /stigmataiz/ v/•指责 antisocial /aenti'sauj^l/fl•反社会的
• 134 .100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage ^5lJ
New research from the United States suggests that the
millennia-old therapy of yoga could benefit millions of people who
suffered from back problems. In an article published in the Annals ⑴
of Internal Medicine on December 20, researchers concluded that
yoga was a effective treatment for back pain than conventional ( )
2
therapy. A study conducting at the Group Health Cooperative in ( )
3
Washington State required 101 adults to follow a choice of
remedial treatments—a -week course in yoga, weeks of
12 12
standard therapeutic exercise or the same period following
instructions in the self-help book. The results showed yoga both ( )
4
expedited relief from pain and had longer lasting benefits. Lead
researcher Dr. Karen Sherman said this was because
Mmind and body effectsM were in the collusion. ( )
5
The article states that: "Most treatments for chronic low back
pain have modest efficacy at best. Exercise is one of the few
proven treatments... however, its effects are often small, and no
form has been shown to be clear better than another. Yoga, which ⑹
often couples physical exercise with breathing, is a popular
alternative form of ‘mind-body* therapy. It may benefit patients
with back pain simply because it involves exercise or because its ( )
7
effects on mental focus. We found no published studies in western
biomedical literacy that evaluated yoga for chronic low back pain; ⑻
moreover, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate its ( )
9
effectiveness.” Millions of people worldwide swear at yoga to (i〇)
improve their mental and physical health.
f i I
完成曰期丨 丨 用 时 | 错误数置统计
备忘笔记:
• 135 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是利用瑜伽治疗背部伤痛。美闻一项新的研究表明,有几千年历史的瑜伽治疗法是一个能惠及上
百万背部伤痛患# 的治疗方法,根据 月 日在f/ie innate o//nte77ioi Medicine杂志上发表的一篇文研
1 2 2 0
究者们总结,相比传统治疗方法,瑜伽是一种更为行之有效的治疗方法。针对慢性背部伤痛的大部分治疗方法,其
效能充其ft只箅是普通,运动是为数不多的被证实的方法之一。瑜伽是一种“身一灵”结合的治疗方法,上百万的人
仍旧决定通过练习瑜伽来改# 他们的身心健谈。
♦ 答案详解♦
. suffered mfferift法错误。who引导的定语从句修 . clear -C丨early语法错误。此处的clear是川来修饰
1 6
饰先行间people幣句的时态是一般现在时,主句中 后面的形容同比较级better,故应该川副间,所以将
的谓语动词suggests已明确表示,且此处的定语没 clear改为其副词形式clearly
有特指过去的含义,因此定语从句中的时态也应 7. 八its _►〇『㈣汇 错 误 because后面应该接•一个完整
该跟主句一致。本句的含义为“美闻一项新的研究表
的名词短语,此处effect是名词,应该由because of
明,有千年历史的瑜伽治疗法是一个能患及上百万
来引导。
背部伤痛患者的治疗方法。”
. literacy 'literature词汇错误。丨iteracy的意思为“识
8
. Aeffective- -more语法错误。本题有一定干扰性,一
2 字能力;读写能力;会读写'literature的意思为“文学
般情况下可能会选择把以元音开头的effective前
作品;文献,阁书资料”。此处literature与biomed
的不定冠词a 变成an,但即使作了如此修改,仍
ical 搭配 ,符合文怠,表示“生物医药学方面 的文献
旧不能和后面的than构成比较结构,所以此处
资料”。此处意为“然而瑜伽,作为一种运动形式,能
要加上比较级more.,此句的意思为“执e 〇/
否治疗慢性背部伤痛尚无任何生物医药学方面的文
/wtermiZ Medicine上的一JS论文得出结论:瑜伽比
献资料证明。”
传统治疗方法更行之有效”
9. moreover—>ht‘ref«reift篇错误,根据上下文的语义
3. conducting—conducted 语法错误。conduct at... 1
关系,我们可以得知:正是因为没有任何生物医药学
State作后'ft定语修饰前面的A study, con(丨uct和
方面的文献资料证明其效果,所以我们才需要通过
study之间为被动关系.研究是“开展”这一动作的接
临床试验来证实.此处应该是因果关系,不存在递进
受者,所以这里应该用过去分词表示被动。
关系,所以要将moreover改成therefore。
4. the — 语法错误。此处的self-help book是泛指的
某本自学的书籍.所以应该将表示特指的定冠词the
10. at—by/through词汇错误。by Yoga指的是通过瑜
改为不定冠词a。此处的意思为“……遵循某本自学
伽这种方法,这里作方式状语.插入于swear和to
书箱的指示。” 之间。此句的意思为“上百万的人仍旧决定通过练
5. 汇错误。in collusion为间定搭配,意为
^ 瑜伽来改# 他们的身心健丨4T。所以要将此处的
at改成表示方式的by或through
“与……相通”,中间不需要加the。
r A
millennia /mi'lenia/zi•数千年(millenniuni 的复数) therapy / erapi/ w•治疗,理疗
0
conventiona丨 /kan venjanal/ a.传统的 remed丨al /ri’mi:dial/ a.治疗的,补救的
语 therapeutic /.era'pju:tik/fl•治疗术的,治病的 self-help /.selfhelp/ n•自助
0
境 expedite /"ekspidait/ v•促进 collusion /kalu: an/ w• 共谋,勾结
3
词
汇 chronic /kmnik/仏 (疾病)慢性的 at best至多,充其
biomedical /.baiaumedikal/ a•生物医学的 literature /litaratja/ w.文献,阁书资料
clinical trial 临床试验 swear /swea/ v•宣Iff,发哲
V )
. 136 .100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 52j
Colleges and Universities, institutions of higher education
that offer programs beyond the high school level. Colleges and
universities provide necessary training for individuals are wishing ( )
1
to enter professional careers. They also strive to develop students
1
creativity, insight, and analysis skills. By acquainting students with (2)
complex ideas in an intellectual stimulating environment, colleges ( )
3
and universities can provide unique opportunities with personal ( )
4
enrichment while also preparing students for future careers.
Such diverse professions as engineering, teaching, law,
medicine, and information science all require a college education.
Most require training in graduate or professional school as well.
Increasingly, even less specialized jobs acquire some (5)
postsecondary education. The development of new technologies
and the globalization of the world economy have created high
demand for workers with computer, communications, and other
occupational skills that can be acquired at colleges or universities.
For example, computers and other new technologies have
eliminated many low-skilled jobs in variety of fields, but these ( )
6
same technologies have created widespread job opportunities for
those who have the proper training. In addition, employees (7)
increasingly seek out college graduates who have gained the
critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary to adopt to ( )
8
changing economic conditions.
Students who live away from home during their college or
university years typically experience a m^jor turning point in their
lives that has nothing to do with academics or professional ( )
9
training. For example, college offers many recent high school
graduates their first opportunity to live on their own. Most
first-year students welcome this increased independence, and ( )
10
many also find that living away from home, family, and friends
can introduce unexpected challenges.
’完晟曰期i i用时| 错误数置统计|
1
备忘笔记:
• 137 *专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是大学教育。大学教育提供的是超过岛中水平的教学项目,给那些想进人专业领域的人提供了必
要的培训。许多领域都:要大学教育,而新技术的发展和经济全球化对工人们在计箅机、沟通和其他职业技能方面
提出了更高的要求,这些技能都能在大学习得。出门在外的学子们也体验到,大学阶段是他们人生中一个®要的转
折点,他们x 要依靠n 己独立生活。大部分的大学新生都很欢迎这样的独立,即使会逍遇一些意料不到的挑战
♦ 答案详解♦
1.3『6~*^"或/\8代一-«.丨1〇/丨1^语法错误.\\181\丨1^1〇 . 八variety—»a词 汇 错 误 variety的相关短语有a
6
enter professional careers 作后置定语修饰名 M variety of,根据后面所接的可数名间的复数形式
individuals, wish和其逻辑主语individuals之间是 fields,可以推断前面X 要的意思为“大M 的,各种各
主动关系,所以用现在分词表示,因此将are j*i接刪 样的”,因此要在variety前面加不定冠词a,变成a
掉本题还可以在are前面加关系代词who或荇 variety of的形式(
that来引导定语从句,individuals作先行间,关系代 7. employees—♦ employers语篇错误^ 根据常识和上下
词在从句中作主语时不可省略,W 此:增i»] who或
文,我们可以推断应该是由雇主来招募大学毕业生,
者that使其完整 而不是由雇员来招葬员T.,所以要将employees改
. analysis,anal.vtica丨语法错误..名词 skills 前向'X 要 为employers本句话的意思为“此外,廂主也更希
2
用形容词来修饰,analysis是名词,意为“分析,分 铝雇佣那些掌握批判性思维和解决问题技能的员工,
析报告”,此处强调“善于分析的”,故用形容词 这些技能是适应不断变化的经济环境所必须的。"
analytical合适, 此句的意思为“他们也致力于发展 . adopt—adapt同汇错误。本题考査形近词比较。
8
学生的创造性、洞察力和分析能力。” adopt的意思为“采纳;收养", adapt和to搭配,怠思
3. inldlec丨ual -intellectuaHj’ 语法错误.:stimulating 适 为“适应”.此处表示“适应不断变化的经济形势”,符
现在分词作形容词,充当名间environment 的修饰 合上下文语义。
成分。而此处inte丨丨ectual是用来修饰形容间stim- 9. nothing —iitt丨e 词汇错误。have nothing to do with
ulating,而不是后面的名丨巧environment,表术“智力 表 /丨i “与...无关 ”,have little do with 表示
to
上激发的”,因此要将intellectual改为其副阆形式、 “与……关系不大”。本句的意思为“出门在外的学子
4. with—>for 词汇错误。provide sb. with sth.表示“为 们也能体验到,大学阶段是他们人生中•个fi要的
某人提供某物”,对照一下原句,此处并非这个句塑, 转折点.而这个转折点与他们的学业或专业技能培
只是简单地表示provide opportunities (提供机 训没太大关系。"如川n o _ g 语义太过绝对,故将
会),而for表示目的,此处意为“为个人的改进发展 其改为little,表示“关系不大”。
提供的独一无二的机会”。‘ . and though语篇错误。此处前半句提到“大多数
10
5. acquire-,require W 汇错误此处为形近M 的误川。 大学一年级学生欢迎这种独立”,而后半句则说“许
acquire意思为“获得,得到;习得”,require意思为 多新生们也发现,在远离家人、朋友的生活中会遭遇
“需要;要求;命令”。此处的意思是“要求”而不是“得 —些意料不到的挑战”。前后表示让步关系,而不是
到”,故应该用require本句话的意思为“逐渐地,甚至 and所表达的并列关系,W 此应改为though引导让
一些专业性不太强的职业也要求具备高等教疗” 步状语从句。
strive to 努力 insight /insait/ ii.洞察力,深刻的见解
analytical /aena’litikal/ a•分析的 acquaint /a’kweint/ v/. (with)使认识,使了解
语
境 enrichment /inritjmant/ w• 丰访,充实 diverse /dai'V3:s/ a•不同的
词 occupational /.okju peij anal/ cr•职业的 eliminate /I’limineit/ v/•捕=•除,消除
汇 seek ou丨挑出 have little to do with 'v...关系不大
live on one’s own 独自生活 independence /.indipendans/ n .独立
V
. 138 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 53)
A m^jor aspect of many finns* marketing strategies over the
past decade have been the development of new products. ⑴
Consumer-product companies are launching nearly 30,000 new
products each year, according to the research firm Marketing
Intelligence Service (compared with only 2,689 in 1980). The
market has become saturated new brands, which often lack any ( )
2
significant advantages that can be used as the base of an ( )
3
advertising campaign. Moreover, companies increasingly depend ( )
4
on sales promotion to encourage consumers to try these brands.
Marketers are relying less on samples, coupons, rebates, ( )
5
premiums, and other innovatively promotional tools to achieve ⑹
trial usage of their new brands and encourage repeat purchase.
Promotions are also important in getting retailers to allocate some
of their precious shelf space by new brands. The competition for ( )
7
shelf space for new products in stores is enormous. Supermarkets
carry an average of 30,000 products (compared with 13,067 in
1982). Retailers favor of new brands with strong sales promotion ⑻
support will bring in more customers and boost their sales and ( )
9
profits. Many retailers require special discounts or allowances
from manufacturers just to handle a new product. These slotting
fees or allowances, which are discussed later in the chapter, can
make it expensive for a manufacture to introduce a new product (i〇)
完成曰期 用时 错误数量统计
备忘笔记:
• 139 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是品牌扩散现象。本文首先介绍了近儿十年的市场情况.很多公司市场荇销策略的*个:歌耍方曲就
是新产品的发展。每年都有接近= 万个新产品投放市场而众多的新产品缺乏作为其广告背销基础的M 著性优势,W
此,各个公司不断地依靠促销手段来鼓励消费者尝试他们的新产品。在这样的环境K,哲销商更多的要依靠样品、赠
券、折扣和W 品等促销手段来推动新产品的销售,而这些促销手段也使生产商在介绍新产品上市时付出昂贵代价。
♦ 答案详解♦
. ha代士as语法错误此处考査的是名间的主谓一 . innovatively-.innovative 语法错误..innovative 是形
1 6
致。主语是A m£〇or aspect.谓语动同应该用单数。 容同,意为“创新的".innovatively是其副词形式。此处
此处容M 把have的主语误 成strategies, a aspect innovatively并不珐丨!丨来修饰形容W promotional.
1
of+可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动同要用单 而是和promotional it•列使用,用来修饰后面的名
数,所以此处要改为has 词tools,息思是:创新的、促销的手段,所以要改为
. sa丨uratedA-with词汇错误。此处考査的是动词搭 其形容词形式。此句话的意思是“'ff销商更多地依赖
2
配辨析。be saturated with意思为“充斥着”,此句 样品、W 券、折扣、赠品以及其他各种创新的促销手
话的意思是“市场中已经充满了各类新品牌,而这些 段来贏得更多消费者对K 新产品的试川,并鼓励消
新产品又缺乏能作为其广告荇销基础的显著性优 费# 复构买其产品,”
1
势。”所以此处应该改为with , 7. by »切同汇错误。allocate常与to搭配,表示“分配
3. base小asis词汇错误。此处考査的是近义间的辨析。 给……”,此处意为“把珍贵的货架空间分给新品牌'
base作名间.意思为“堪地,基础”,也可作不及物动 . of—〆词汇错误favor可以作名词,也可以作动词.
8
间.base on是阂定搭配,意思为“根据……".basis 作名词时的搭配是in favor of,作动词是及物动间,
作名词,意思为“基础”,固定搭配为on the basis
后面可以直接接宾语。此处的favor是动间,后面可
of,意思为“基于……"。两者都可以表示“基础”但有
以.!*:{接接new brands作宾语,表示“# 爱,# 欢”,
细微差别,base表示实体可见的基地或堪础;而
所以将of刪掉。
basis衣示抽象不可见的基础或基本准则此处指的
9. 八 wi"-Hhat/whlch 语法错误。will bring in., boost
是“广告营销的基础”,所以应该州basis
their sales and profits是定语从句修饰先行间
4. M(ireover-*Thus/Therefore 语篇错误。上文描述—f
promotion support,很 明 ,定语从句缺一个关系
近几十年的市场状况,市场h的新产品缺乏个体优
代间,而且此关系代词在从句中作主语,不能竹略,
势,不能通过广告营销手法在市场上推广。所以,营
乂W 先行词指负物,故不能用指代人的who,所以改
销商只能求助其他的方式进行新产品推介。下文提
为 that 或 which
到了荇销商用促销手段来鼓励消费#尝试苒新产
. manufacture -manufacturer 同汇错误 manu-
品,与上文形成的是因果关系,不是递进关系,所以 10
facturer为名间,总思为“生产商,制造商”,manu-
要改为 Thus 或Therefore
facture作名间时,意为“大tt制造.制造业"。这里
5. Icss—more语篇错误。上文提到公司逐渐依靠促销
应该指的是“制造商”,此句的意思是“这些进场费
手段来鼓励消费者尝试新产品,而此句提到的样品、
或折扣(会在下一章讨论)对于要介绍一种新产品
优惠券、折扣等都W T••促销手段,所以,应该把丨ess
的制造商来说,代价是昂贵的。”所以要改为man-
改为more.理解为“背销商吏多地依赖各种促销手
ufacturerj
段来鼓励消费者使用新产品并虫釔购买”。
f
launch /b:ntJ7 W•推出(产品) saturate /saetjareit/ v/.使充满
coupon /*ku:pDn/ /I.礼券,优惠券 rebate /Vi:beit/ /i•折扣
语
premium /priimiam/ n. Wmi Innovative /*in0丨veitiv/ fl.创新的,革新的
境
词 trial /traial/ /i.试用 retailer /ri:teila/ n•零傅商
汇 allocate /aelakeit/ 此分配,分派 boost /bu:st/ v/.提商
allowance /9'lauans/ it.津貼,补貼 slotting /slotii]/ /i•(在穿孔卡片上)打孔
V
• 140 ■100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage ^4|
At the turn of the 20th century, Dutch physician Christiaan
Eykman showed that disease can be caused not only by
microorganisms but by a dietary efficiency of certain substances ⑴
now called vitamins. In 1909 German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich
introduced the world’s first bactericide, a chemical designed to kill
specific kinds of bacteria with killing the patient’s cells as well. ( )
2
Following the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by British
bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming, antibiotics joined medicine’s
chemical armory, making the fight against bacterial infection
almost a routine matter. Antibiotics cannot act as viruses, but (3)
vaccines have been used to greatly effect to prevent some of the ( )
4
deadliest viral diseases. Smallpox, once a worldwide killer, was
completely eradicated by the late 1970s, and in the United States a (5)
number of polio cases dropped from 38,000 in the 1950s to less
than a year by the st century.
10 21
By the middle of the 20th century scientists believed they
were well on the way to treating, preventing, or eradicating many
of the most deadly infectious diseases that plagued humankind for ( )
6
centuries. And by the 1980s the medical community's confidence (7)
in its ab出ty to control the infectious diseases had been shaken by ( )
8
the emergency of new types of disease-causing microorganisms. ( )
9
New cases of tuberculosis developed, caused by bacteria strains
that were resistant to antibiotics. New, deadly infections on which (l〇)
there was no known cure also appeared, including the viruses that
cause hemorrhagic fever and the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
i iTf
完成日期: 丨用时| 错误数置统
备忘笔记:
• 141 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是现代科学中的医药学在20世纪的发展。从1909年的杀菌剂到1928年的青苒素.医药学的发展
使人们能治愈各种细菌感染,攻克了很多以往难以治疗的疾病。到 世纪中期,科学家们相信自己能治疗、防止和
2 0
消灭很多传染性疾病。然而,一些新型的微生物的出现、细菌对抗生素产生抗药性、甚至某些新的足以致命的传染
病的出现动摇了医学界的信心,例如:HIVU
♦ 答案详解♦
1. dTicicncy _*{»![〇丨 (:> 词汇错误。efficiency 意思为 纪50年代的3.8万人降到21世纪的一年不到10
1 1 611
“效能”,deficiency意思为“不足,缺乏"。本句的意思 人。因此,将不定冠词a改为定冠词the
是“在20世纪初,荷兰医生EUkman表示不仅微生
. Aplagued-had语法错误。该句的谓语动词是
6
物苟以导致疾病,缺乏某种饮食物质—— 我们现在 believed,厲于过去时,that引导的是定语从句,修饰
称之为维他命,也能导致疾病。"根据语义,此处的含
其先行词infectious diseases,意思为“已经感染人
义应该为“缺乏”,所以改为deficiency。
类几个世纪的传染性疾病”,此动作是发生在主句动
2. with without语篇错误。该段落主要描述了 20世 作believed之前,所以要将时态改为过去完成时。
纪医药学的发展,属于积极的含义。所以要显示出世 7. And—But语篇错误。本文第一段讨论了 20世纪医
界上第一个杀菌剂的优势,则应该表明这是一种能
药学的发展,第二段开始提到科学家们相信自己在
杀死某些特殊细菌而又“不杀死”病人细胞的化学药
疾病研制方面的发展,而下文紧接着提到医学界的
品。若为with,则无法体现其先进性,故将with改
信心受到动摇,并且列举了几种尚无法攻克的新型
为 without 〇 疾病,可以推断出此处应该表转折,所以将And改
■3.38-*383丨1^词汇错误,&{135意为“充任某角色;担 为But,表示转折含义。
任某工作”。上一句提到“抗生素加入化学药物的行
8. 语法错误。此处考査的是冠词的用法。the
列,抗击细菌感染”,故此处antibiotics当然不是
是定冠同,表示特指,而此处表示“传染性疾病”,并
“充当”病毒,而应表示“对抗,抗击”的意思,改为
没有特指哪种或哪几种传染性疾病,且diseases是
against 合适。 复数,前面也不能用表示单数的不定冠词an,所以
4. grea丨ly >great 语法错误。to great effect 是固定挤 此处要将the刪掉。
配,意思为“有很大影响,起很大作用”。这里要注意
9. emergency- -emergence词汇错误。此处考査的是形
的是,be used to do sth. 后面所接的动词并不是 近词的比较。emergency的意思为“紧急事件,突发
effect,而是prevent: effect虽然也具备动词同性,但
唭件'emergence的意思为“出现”。根据语义,这里
此处是作名词,和to great构成搭配。本句的意思是
指“新型的、能导致疾病的微生物的出现”,所以要改
“抗生素不能对抗病毒,但是疫苗的使用在很大程度 为 emergence。
上能阻止一些极其致命的病毒性疾病。”
. on—*for 词汇错误〇 cure for disease/infection 为
10
5. a—the语法错误。a number of意思为“许多",大
固定搭配,意思为“……疾病/传染病的治疗方法”,
敏”,the number of意思为“……的数童”。此处说
for是介词提前,和which共同引导定语从句,修饰
的应该是小儿麻痹症数tt的减少,患者人数从20世
先行词infections,所以要将on改为for,
f
microorganism /maikrau’oiganizam/ /!•微生物 deficiency /difij^nsi/ /i.缺乏,不足
bacterio丨ogist /baek.tiari’Dlad3ist/ /!•细菌学家 bactericide /baek’tiarisaid/ n .杀菌剂
语 penicUlin /.peni silin/ /I•青霉素 antibiotic /.aentibai’Dtik/ /i.抗生素
境 infection "n’fekJan/ /i.传染病 vaccine /*vaeksi:n/ n•疫苗
词
vira丨/vairal/fl•病毒引起的 smallpox /*smo:lpDks/ n.[医】天花
汇
plague /pleig/ WL使痛苦(或难受) tuberculosis /tju:b3:kjVlausis/ /i•结核病
hemorrhagic /hema’rid3ik/ a. 出血的 immunodeficiency /imju:naudi’fijansi/ n•免疫缺陷
V
• 142 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage ^5|
Probably for as long as there have been sales forces,
managers have sought ways to determine whether they are
effective or not. In the past, salespeople were estimated on the (1)
basis of their sales—that is, did they reach their sales quotas? With (2)
the role of the sales force changed from being purely concerned
with selling to becoming more involved in marketing and took (3)
more responsible for maintaining customer relationships, managers
recognized the need for expanding evaluative criteria beyond just
the achievement of sales goals. The evaluation criteria of today are
vast different from those in the past Sure, sales are still important, (4)
but now other measures are gaining in importance as well.
One of the more often discussed measures is ROI (return on
investment). More and more top executives are asking their sales
managers for accountant—as in “Are we getting the returns we (5)
seek from the sales force?** The idea is that by measuring the
impact of programs designing to aid the selling process as well as ( )
6
measuring sales closures, the marketing team can be more
effective and efficient. Fortunately, it isn*t always that easy. In a (7)
survey conducted in of companies with a marketing budget
2002
of $1 million or more, 56 percent indicated they had no system for
measuring the ROI on their marketing investments. As noted by
David Reibstein of the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton
School of Business, In marketing, benefits as advertising impact ( )
44 8
aren*t easily put into dollar returns. It takes a leap faith to come (9)
with a number.” Marketers know that it is often difficult to
separate advertising, promotions, and other communications efforts in ( )
10
the selling effort.
i I
,完成日期 |用 时 | 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
V.
• 143 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是如何衡W 背销人员的T.作效率。随# 背销人员角色的变化,经理们对其T 作效率的衡W 标准也
与过去大冇不同ROI投资回报是被讨论得M 多的衡W 标准之一。从 年的调杏研究中我们发现大部分市场预
2 0 0 2
箅过百万的公 〗并没布iT立衡M 投资N 报的体系。当然,市场专家们也淸楚,要把广告、促销和芄他沟通交流方式
0
与销笆努力分开是很闲难的。
♦ 答案详解♦
. estinia丨t*d,evaluated 词汇错误,,estimated 意思为 处意指“贞任”,全句的意思为:越来越多的高级执
1
“估计”,evaluated意思为“评估,评价”。此处对一 行官向销俜经理问责:是否我们从销售人员那得到
个营销人员的销俾状况应该是进行“评估”,而不是 了所寻求的回报? ”所以,此处改为accountability。
“估计”,W 此要改为evaluated商务英语中,对员 . designing ’designed语法错误,design的逻辑主语
6
工工作的绩效if•估或if•价通常用evaluate或其名 是program,两者构成动宾关系,此处design应该
词形式 evaluation,例如 performance evaluation. 用过去分词形式表被动,意为“这些项目被设计用
. With—As语法错误with是介同,后通常接名词、 来帮助背销过程和测ht背销结束。”
2
代词或独立主格结构,此处后面为完整的句子,故 7. Fortunate丨y ► Unfortunatel 语篇错误。根据上下
)1
应改为连词,根据上下文语境,改为跟with —样有 文,上文提到“这样的项目被设计出来,并通过对
“伴随”意义的连词a s 此句的意思为“随荇背销人 其影响的衡M ,能使我们的营销队伍更加高效”,
员的角色改变,由原来单纯的销锊转变为更多涉及 而下文提到“这样做并不容易”,上下文之间是转
市场背销和维持顾客关系,经理们意识到他们必须 折关系,根据所给词汇,要使用其反义,所以改为
扩大对•/?销人员的评价标准,而不能仅仅只是ft完 Unfortunately
成的销售任务。"
. as—Mike语法错误。like作介词,表示“例如”,as作
8
•3. took ijxrfT语法错误。.responsible 为形容開,该 介词则无此意此句的意思为“在市场中,例如像广
N 的搭配应该是 be/become responsible for, 告影响这样的利润.不太容易以金钱的形式作为经
take怎和responsibility of搭配,故此处应将took 济回报。”
删拽此句中的 become involved in 和 become
9. 八faith-»of间汇错误。a leap of faith意为“飞跃
responsible for为并列结构,后名•为 避 免 J£ ,哲
的信心%此句的意思为:当然,某些利润,例如广告
去了 become。
效应等也不能简单地转化为美元这样的经济回报,
4. vast »vastly语法错误vastly是副词,修饰后而的
想要获得一笔巨大的收益需要在信心上来个飞跃。
形容词different.表示程度,意为“很,非常"。
. in-’from词汇错误separate from是间定搭配,
10
5. accountant •accountability 间汇错误 accountant 意 意思为“分离,分开"。此句的意思为“市场专家们
思为/会计”,放在此处,明® 不合语怠。account- 也清楚.要把广告、促销和其他沟通交流方式与销
ab出ty意思为“责任,义务”根据上下文的意思,此 售努力分开是很闲难的。”
f
as long as 只要 seek/si:k/v/• 寻找(过去分词形式是sought)
evaluate /iVaeljueit/ W. if 佔,if•价 quota /*kwaut / n• 定额,限额
语 9
境 customer relationsh丨p 客户关系 criteria /krai tiaria/ /I •标准
词 achievement / ’tji:vm nt/ /i•成就,成绩 executive /igzekjutiv/ n.主$,高级行政人员
汇 9 9 1
accountabilUy /akaunta’biliti/ w•有责任 aid /eid/ v/.帮助
closure /*kl U / n•结束,终止 promotion/pra'meujan/it•(商品的)宣传,推销
V 9 3 9
• 144 •男 E事 L〇〇截绅;1联斟胳黎
jesse 6a gig[
gdsipas oouDduis Bqon^ q〇M Bps ejjap iupiAipnBjs' oupos
qBAa jmsap apno^j issnas Bqon^ q〇M BpA0ivrsiu8 Bjjao^s sooia^X
joj dxerudia‘ f j). exgnap pi代 BpAdjpsqig aiaB列s lfia
pasijas 叩贝 〇ia djopnpiou oj oousmuaj 8oops piau SFjrs^ opiajs )l(
BD〇nsa BpAayrsiug joj 〇j0BjruS b iu^auBnspo s〇P3 句 ypi 〇J )2(
daod(d mxuj> qnddiuass ]tas iu ovauiuS ^jixugs erip M|io era )g(
oqsassap Mijfi qnXiug oousmuaj goops xqasa Dupos )fixuj> Md
DJdBpuS h sooia^i iu Mqioq dUAB^a goops er*a djaupyp erip iu 〇f(
muioji dnqiiD 8〇ops4 va叫pi mjs sppout epAaj^sa‘p era iguojap—b
soo\^ uoq iu duAB^ dbjs qn^ Mqosa qiSqMBXs erip sqa^s era
pisni^agjBjiuS vps ppA3 spgsq oousmudpou ou iqa axdausa 〇J )9(
judups{nd( DOiuiunul^ my' erip n〇m jnyfiauu〇ja* BpAavisnig
^j(〇ms pid sXs^diu ,, qn人 ojjt d〇nn〇Bi nusBjrsjiap daodja Mipi )9(
djoiuisds erip Dousmuaj 8〇ops* jaBpiuS i〇 dojinoB[ erip pia
nupajuiiuxug oj paiuoajHDX H〇MdAdj( iqaia er*a iueri人 Mqo nmif>
iqas9 soys oj oupDisius aarSSajH^a jfia iiudcp oj nps ou sopajCi
\jef〇i sooiep oqerigas DBnsap qX BpAai^isnigI nps j〇u〇 m Jj(
sooip jjaups' erip ifiaX pout^ DJdB^a ^qaiu xjus paqBj^ Dau^ajs ou qA〇
dajjmds jasoiABqja rssnas jijs^ )fiajd is jfia aiudruoBf bnaspou 〇J )8(
q〇M iunoq iuidBp BpAoyisiug qes ou sooiajCil uns is pijiioni^ jxc
erisMaj qaoBnsa pid 9jjap oj Bps dhuuoj qa sader^^ap jjoiu opiaj
sooip 〇j iDas* nrip qdonnsa is q^jp \y( pd^duimid M(id)|idi Bps
OBnsa 〇J 〇j n〇\A so>c!p jxaups gaooup‘ piaia ]s iqa a 叩 bnaspou oj
vAqd)fidj )qa !cmdoi^ap ajjaps‘ snoq bs ui^uBnsiu* era iuoj^nX
oq(9piA9* jajqcds 只 is iuoia qdidjn[ |〇〇|> ej sddoiyo issnas )6(
nmu pid soo 岡!iudcp oj BpAajpsiug iu )fia gauaiR( )10(
翠斟 B甜 W W 锒岽脎罾獎1+
• ns专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是广告对社会的影响。除了关于广告对个人的影响之外,评论家们已经提出了广告对社会伦理的
影响。有人认为,广告创造了对消费品的需求,然后再满足这个需求;有人认为广告创造了一个物质主义社会,把物
质作为衡址幸福的标准;还有人认为,广告“贿略”那些政治上未得到满足的人们,从而导致政治冷漠和民主削弱。
当然,也有人认为这些批评夸大了广告对社会的影响,,还有争论提到,广告只是遵从社会趋势,并不主导社会变牵:,
♦ 答案详解♦
. sa丨isfy-,satisfies 语法错误。此处 that the produc 用来修饰people的,此处并非政客的意思,而是指
1
tion... then satisfy 是定语从句,修 饰名间 desires , 在政治上没有获得满足的人们,故应该是用副间
表示“消费品生产能满足的需求”。为保持时态一致, politically修饰形容间unsatisfied. W 此耍改为
satisfy : 向前面的动间creates •齐,且此处从句的 politically此句意为“还有人认为,广告“贿略"那些
主语是单数意义的词,所以应该用第三人称单数 政治上未得到满足的人们,从而导致政治冷漠和民
satisfies。 主削弱。”
. forif同汇错误。此处考査的是accuse的动词搭 7. Acaused—not语篇错误。第二段谈论了社会变革和
2
配。accuse... of是固定搭配,意思为“控告,控诉”。 广告之间的关系。原句表示“主要的社会变革是由广
所以要将for改为of。 告引起的”.而第二分句提到,广告遵循社会趋势而
3. 八丨hink >who语法错误。此处考査的是定语从句的 不是创造社会趋势,很明显两句话之间是矛盾的。而
用法。people是先行词,think that..• things是定语 根据第一段最后一句的提示(然而很多人认为这些
从句的内容,很明显此处缺少一个关系代词,且该关
批评夸大了广告对社会的影响),可知错误的是第-
分句,故将第一句改为否定含义,增加not.使上下文
系代词在定语从句中作主语,不可省略其实通过观
察不难发现,people后接两个由and连接的定语从 语义完整通顺。
句,后一个从句的引导词也是who,所以此处增加 . resolvable-i-unresolvahle语篇错误。接下来谈到的
8
who为圾佳答案。本句大意是“其他人控诉广告创造 两个问题,作者用了 difficult to answer 和 whether
了一个物质主义社会,在这样的社会里,人们认为幸 等词,这表明这些事件并不是能确切定性的,
福就是拥有,人人都痴迷于购物” 所以resolvable无从谈起,,此处改为unresolvable,
4. and—but语篇错误。根据本句含义,我们可知作者 符合语义,指的是“两个无法解决的问题”。
在拿社会的两个方面做对比,一方面是私人物品充 9. objective,ohjectionahle 词汇错误.objective 是形
裕,另一方面是公共亊物被忽视。下文破折号后的内 容间,意思为“客观的,貞.实的”,objectionable也是
容也表明了这个社会里“公”与“私”的明显对比,此 形容词,意思为“反对的,讨厌的”。materialism是一
处在语义上表转折,所以要将and改为but。 种唯物至上的思想,在道德觇上看是消极否定的,一
5. on »at 词汇错误。此处考杏 at the expense/cost of 般情况下应该是逍到反对的.所以此处改为
的固定搭配,意思为“以……为代价”。
objectionable。
6 . political—politically 词汇错误。people 是名词,前面 10 . the-〆 同汇错误此处考査的是固定搭配in general
有 political 和 unsatisfied 来修饰,但 political 不是 的用法,意思为“总体,大体上”,因此要删掉th心
r ~
critic /kntik/ n .批评家.评论家 ethical /e8ikal/ a.伦理的,道德的
satisfy /saetisfai/ 叱 满足 accuse... of...控告
materialistic /matiarie'listik/ a 物质第一主义的 be obsessed with # 迷
语
境 plentifu丨 /plentifal/ a .丰富的,充足的 at the expense of KX...为代价
词 buy off收买 apathy /aepa8i/ /i.漠不关心,冷淡
汇
undermine /.Anda main/ v/.逐渐削弱 exaggerate /igzaed3areit/ v • 夸大,夸张
unresol
vable
/Anri'ZDlvebl/
a•不能解决的
empirical /em’pirikal/
a.经验的
purported /p3:’po:tid/ a•摇传的 objectionab丨e /ab'd3ekj^n9bl/ a•引起反对的 J
V
• 146 .第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 57|
Since its conception, the European Union has been a haven
for those seeking refuge of war, persecution and poverty in other ( )
1
parts of the world. But as the EU faces what Angela Merkel has
been called its toughest hour since the second world war, the tables ( )
2
appear to be turning. A new stream of immigrants is leaving the (3)
continent. It threatens to become a torrent when the debt crisis (4)
continues to worsen.
Tens of thousands of Portuguese, Greek and Irish people have
left their homelands this year, many headed for the southern (5)
hemisphere. Anecdotal evidence points to same happening in ( )
6
Spain and Italy. This year, 2,500 Greek citizens have moved to
Australia and another 40,000 have M expressed interests** in moving (7)
south. Ireland * s central statistics office has projected that 50,000
people have left the republic by the end of the year, many for ( )
8
Australia and the US. Portugal's foreign ministry reports that at least
10,000 people have left to oil-rich Angola. On 31 October, (9)
there were 97,616 Portuguese people registered in the consulates
in Luanda and Benguela, almost double the number in 2005. The
Portuguese are also heading to other former colonies, such as
Mozambique and Brazil. According to Brazilian government
figures, the number of foreigners legally living in Brazil rose to
1.47 million in June, up more than 50% from 961,877 last
December. Not all are Europeans, but the number of Portuguese
alone have jumped from 276,000 in 2010 to nearly 330,000. (10)
j
/完成曰期丨 |用时 丨错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 147 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是欧盟闰家的移民潮。从构想之初到现在欧洲联盟已经成为那些躲避世界各地战争、迫害和贫W
的人们的避难所。但逛随;ft欧盟面临“自第二次世界大战以来最严峻的时刻”(德国总理安吉拉•默克尔所言),风向
似乎开始倒转了。圾近.越来越多欧盟闰家的居民告别国土,远赴他乡,形成一股新的"移民流”。如果欧盟侦务危机
继续恶化,这股“移民流”有可能要变成“移民潮”了。
♦ 答案详解♦
. of ’from词汇错误。seek refuge from是间定同组, many和head之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分
1
意为“躲避”。故应把of改为from。 词形式heading。
. been 语法错误。face后所接的宾语从句表示 . 八same--Mhe词汇错误。same通常和定冠间the连
2 6
—种状况,其中引导词what作call的宾语,从句意 用,表示“同一的,相同的”。the不能咨略,要补上。
思是“安吉拉•默克尔称之为二战后M 艰难的时刻”。 7. in丨erests »in丨erest 词汇错误interest’V 兴趣”用时
若根据原句中的说法,则是“安吉拉•默克尔被称 既可用作可数名词乂可用作不可数名词,泛指“兴
作是其最艰难的时刻”,M 然不符合逻辑,故应去 趣.关注,爱好”时,一般用作不可数名词,而特指“感
掉 been。 兴趣的事物或人”时,则用作可数名间。此处泛指“对
3. immigrants—migrants 词汇错误〇 immigrant 表示 南迁表示出兴趣",所以应用作不可数名同。
“(自国外移人的)移民”, migrant表示“移民,移居 . 八havovi丨丨语法错误。根据本句中的时间状语by
8
者;偶然地、本能地或有计划地从一个地区迁移到另 the end of this year可知,本句应该用将来完成时
—个地区的人”,此处要表达的意思是从欧盟国家移 态,故应在have前加上will,
出的移民,所以不能用immigrants,用migrants合
9. to-►!■〇!•同汇错误。leave to 通常用在丨eave sth./sb.
适。 to结构当中,表示“把……留给……照料或处理”,用在
4. when咁语篇错误。此处用when来连接两个句子, 此句中不合适。丨eave for表示“动身去,出发去某
逻辑意义不通顺。本句要表达的意思是“如果侦务危 地”,放在此符合上下文意思。
机继续恶化,这股移民流有可能要变成“移民 . have-_>ias语法错误。此句的主语是the number.
10 1
潮”了。后句是实现前句的条件,所以应该用表示条 是一个单数形式的名词,表示“……的数ft",故谓
件关系的连词if。
语动词也应该用单数形式.have应改为has
5. headed -heading语法错误。此处是独立主格结构.
conception /kan sepjan/ n. 构想 European Union 欧盟
haven /*heivn/ /i.避难所 refuge /Vefju:d3/ /i•庇护所
persecution /p3:si’kju:Jan/ n•迫害 migrant /maigrent/ it.移居者
语
境 torrent /tDrant/ /i.揣流 debt crisis偾务危机
词
汇 Portuguese /po:tju'gi:z/ w•葡萄牙人 head for 前往
hemisphere /hemisfia/ /i. 地球的平球 anecdotal /.aenek'dautl/ a•多轶 ’Jf 趣闻的
central /sentral/ a•中央的
statistics /sta’tistiks/
w•统计
project /pra’d 3 ekt/ vf•预测 consu丨ate /"kDnsjulat/ /i•领市馆
• 148 -第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 58|
While many companies are spending more money on sales
promotion than on media advertising, it is difficult to say just what
percentage of a firm’ s overall promotional budget should be
allocated to advertise versus consumer- and trade-oriented ( )
1
promotions. This relocation depends on a number of factors, (2)
including the specific promotional objectives of the campaign, the
market and competitive situation, and the brand’s stage in its life
cycle.
Consider, for example, what allocation of the promotional (3)
budget may vary according to a brand’s stage in the product life
cycle. In the introductory stage, a large amount of the budget may
be allocated to sales promotion techniques such as sampling and
couponing to induce trial. In the growth stage, moreover, ⑷
promotional dollars may be used primarily for advertising to stress
brand differences and keep the brand name in competitors* minds. (5)
When a brand moves to the maturity stage, advertising is primarily
a reminder to keep consumers aware the brand. Consumer-oriented ⑹
sales promotions such as coupons, price-offs, premiums, and
bonus packs may be needed periodically to maintain consumer
loyalty, attract new users, and protect against competition.
Trade-oriented promotions needed to maintain shelf space and
⑺
accommodate retailers, demands for better margins as long as
⑻
encourage them to promote the brand. A study on the synergistic
effects of advertising and promotion examined a brand in the
mature phase of its life cycle and has found that 80 percent of its
⑼
sales at this stage was due to sales promotions. When a brand
(1〇)
enters the decline stage of the product life cycle, most of the
promotional support will probably be removed and expenditures
on sales promotion are unlikely.
完成曰期 用时| 错误数置统计
备忘笔记:
• 149 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是公司的预算分配。在广告投人和促销投人之间,公司应该以什么比例来分配预算。预算的分配由
一定因素决定,如具体的销售H标、市场和竞争状况以及品牌所处的生命周期阶段等。文章详细分析了在产品不同
的生命周期阶段.如开端期、发展期、成熟期以及衰落期,促销预算的分配变化。
♦ 答案详解♦
. advertise ’advertising 语法错误。be allocated to... 配,be aware of或be aware that是间定搭配,怠
1
表示“被分配到……",后面接名词。此处是将广告促 思为“意识到”,of后面接名词或代间,that则引导从
销、消费者导向促销及贸易导向促销的预算分配情 句。根据紧接其后的名词the brand可知,此处应
况进行比较,均为名词概念。advertise是动词,这里 该增加of构成闶定搭配。
应该用动名词形式advertising表示名间的含义
7•八 needed *are 语法错误:need to do sth.意为“需
. re丨ocation ■•allocation词汇错误。此处考査形近同的辨 要做...”。此处 maintain... and accommodate...不
2
析。relocation意为“冉分配,:新安置”,allocation 是Trade-oriented promotions的内容,而是其要达
1
意为“分配,安拽”。此处并没有提到“再”分配,且根 到的目的,故不能说“贸易导向促销需要保持……以
据上句动词allocated的提示,可知这里应改成 及适应芩俾商的要求。"此处在needed前加上are
allocation。这句话的意思是“这样的分配取决于很 意为“被需要”,后面的不定式表S 的,符合上下文语
多因索,如具体的销售H标、市场和竞争状况以及品 义。此形式也与上句 consumer-oriented sales...
牌所处的生命周期阶段。” may be needed... to.••相对应。
3. wha卜 how语法错误。从句中并不缺指示的内容,故 . long—*weH词汇错误。as long as意思为“只要”,as
8
无需what引导。how表示方式,在该句中指的是促 well as用来表示并列,意思为“也,还”。此处维持货
销预算的分配如何变化,所以要改为how。 柜空间、迎合零售商获得更高利润的要求以及鼓励
4. moreover—however语篇错误。上文说在品牌的起 零售商推销该品牌这三者是并列的关系,所以应该
用短语 as well as..
始阶段,促销预算主要用于一些销皙手段,例如赠送
样品等,接下来说的是在品牌周期的第二阶段,即发 9. has >1»^语法错误。此处只是一般陈述,并不强调过
展阶段,促销预算就主要是用来强调产品差异并让 去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或后
消费者脑海里对该产品留有印象:两个阶段促销预 果,所以无:用现在完成时has found,., and是并列
筲目的不同,所以,这里应该表示转折关系而不是递 连词,此处连接两个并列谓语examined和found,
进关系,改为however。 为保持谓语动词时态一致,故去掉has。
5. competitors’ ► consumers’语篇错误。促销的目的不 . was--were语法错误。此处考査的是主谓一致。百
10
在于给竞争对手留下印象,而是为了扩大销售,利益M 分比作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要视百分比
大化:所以,促销的直接效果是给消费A 留下印象,从 后面所接的名M 而定,此处名词是sales(销仿M ),应
而实现产品营销,赚取利润。所以要改为consumers’。 该用复数,再结合上下文的时态,即此处应该改为
. awareA—»of间汇错误。此处考査的是aware的搭
were。
6
r
oriented /* : ):ri9ntid/ a .导向的 allocation /aelakeijan/ n•分配
objective /db’d3ektiv/ n•目标 vary /veari/ vl 变化
product 丨 ife cycle 产品生命周期 introductory /intradAktan/fl. 初步的,开始的
induce /in’dju:s/ W •引诱 keep... in mind 记住
语
境 maturity /ma'tjuarati/ /i •成熟 reminder /n.mainda/ n•提示
词 price-off /prais.Df/ n.价格折扣 bonus /baunas/ /i •(购货时的)奉送品
汇
periodically /•piari’ndikali/fld 周期性地 consumer 丨 oyalty顾客忠诚度
margin Ana:d3in/ /i•利润 synergistic /sinad3istik/ a .协作的
be due t o 由于,应归于 expend 丨 ture /ik’spenditja/ /i.( 时间、金钱等的)花费
V
. 150 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
= Passage 59)
Cable TV has experienced tremendous growth as an
advertising medium because it has some important advantages. A
primary one is selectivity. Cable subscribers tend to be younger,
more fluent, and better educated than nonsubscribers and have ( )
1
greater purchasing power. Moreover, the specialized programming
on the various cable networks reaches very general target markets. ( )
2
Many advertisers have turned to cable because of the
opportunities it offers to narrowcasting, or reaching very ( )
3
specialized markets. For example, MTV is used by advertisers in
the United States and many other countries to reach teenagers and
young adults. CNBC is now the worldwide leader in business news
and reaches a highly educated and rich audience. ESPN has
become synonymous as sports and is very popular among ( )
4
advertisers who want to target men of all ages.
Advertisers are also interested in cable because of its low cost
and flexibility. Advertising rates on cable programs are much
lower than that for the shows on the msyor networks. Advertising (5)
time on network shows can cost two to three times as much on a
cost-per-thousand basis of in some time periods. 25 Spot ( )
6
advertising is also considerately cheaper on most cable stations, ( )
7
while local cable is most affordable television advertising vehicle ( )
8
available. This makes TV a much more unviable media option for (9)
smaller advertisers with limited budgets and those interested in
targeting their commercials to a well-refined target audience. Also, ( )
10
cable advertisers generally do not have to make the large up-front
commitments, which may be as much as a year in advance, the
networks require.
i
曰期丨 [用 时 | 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 151 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是有线电视广告的优势。作为一种广告媒介,有线电视获得了长足的发展。本文列举了有线电视具
有哪些具体的优势首先,有线电视的用户群体特征明确:年轻、富有且教育程度较高;其次,有线电视广告的市场
针对性强,不同栏目的观众特征不同;最后,有线电视成本低、灵活性强。
♦ 答案详解♦
. Iluent,am Uen丨间汇错误。此题考査的是形近间辨 词或代间。此处in some time period足•介词短语
1
析。fluent意思为“流畅的".affluent意为“富裕 作时间状语,表示“在某些时段内”,不与前面的
的",此处应该和younger, better educated构成 basis构成搭配,所以此处并不是on the basis of
并列的比较级,同样是修饰人,故改为affluent。 的句型,要将of删掉。
. general ^specific语篇错误。general意思为“总体 7. considerately—considerably 同汇错误。此处考作的
2
的,大概的”,specific意思为“具体的,明确的”。此 是形近同的辨析。considerately是副词,意为“体贴
处专门的节目应该是有其“具体明确的”目标 地,考虑周到地”,副词considerably意为“相当多
市场,而不是“大槪的”目标市场,应该要改为 地.相当大地”。此处considerably cheaper表示
specific,与之前的 specialized 对应。 “便宜很多”,符合文意。
3. to -for词汇错误。此处考査的是名间opportunity . Amost—the语法错误。此处考査形容词最高级的
8
的用法。have an opportunity to do sth•或 have 用法。形容问最高级前面要加定冠词the,
an opportunity for doing sth的意思均为“有做... 9. unviable-*viable语篇错误。viable是形容词,意为
的机会”,此处后面紧跟的是动名词narrow- “可行的”。上文提到有线电视广告成本低、灵活
casting 和 reaching, 根据搭 配规律 , 前面应 该川介 性强,故可推断对于那些预算有限的小广告商来
词for,不用不定式to do,故改为for
说,有线电视广告是个非常可行的媒体选择。如
4. as -with词汇错误。此处考査的是形容词synony 用unviable则语义矛盾,所以要将unviable改为
mous 的用法。 be synonymous with 是固定搭配 ,意为 viable 〇
“与……是同义词”。本句的意思是:“ESPN已经成 . well-refined +wdl-de「med词汇错误。此处考査的
10
为了体育的同义词,对于把所有年龄阶段的男 是形近词的比较。well-refined意思为••楮炼良好
人视作目标的广告商来说,ESPN特别受其欢 的”,welkiefmed意思为“明确的'此处含义为把他
迎。" 们的商业目标设定在“明确的观众群体”上,而不是“粘
5. that—-those语法错误。此处指代的是上文的Adver 炼良好的观众群体”,所以应该改为welklefmed这
tising rates, 所以要 用复 数形式 those. 句话的意思是:对于那些预算有限的小广告商和
希望将商业广告定位在明确的观众群体上的广告
. of—*•〆词汇错误。on the basis of=on a... basis,
6
商来说,(有线)电视成为他们更可行的选择。
意为“基于...”,其中on the basis of后面接名
r ~
cable T V 有线电视 tremendous /tri’mendas/ a• 巨大的,极大的
medium /*mi:diam/ n•媒介 subscriber /seb'skraib©/ n. 订购人
语 affluent /"aefluant/ a.從裕的,從足的 specialized /spejalaizd/ a. 专门的
境 narrowcast /naer9uka:st/ v.(为少W 特定听众)小范FW播送 synonymous /sinommas/ a .同义的
词
flexibility /.fleksabiliti/ /!•灵活性 on a... basis在...的基础上
汇
affordable / 'fo:dabl/ 〇•花费得起的 viable /Vaiabl/ a. 可行的
0
commercia丨 /ka’m :j l/ n•商业广告 commitment /ka’mitmant/ /i• 承诺,许诺
3 3
V J
• 152 •第三章100篇 标 准 改 错 训 练 ^
Passage 6〇|
What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probably
no two people would draw up approximately similar lists, but I
(1)
think the following would be generally accepted.
Firstly, the teacher’s personality should be pleasant live and ⑶
attractive. This does not rule on people who are physically plain,
⑶
or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm, but it
does not include those who are over-exciting, melancholy, frigid, ⑷
sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and over-bearing: I would say too,
that it includes all of dull or purely negative personality. (5)
Secondly, it is not merely desirable and essential for a teacher
⑹
to have a genuine capacity for sympathy—in the literacy meaning
⑺
of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of
other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to
the minds and feelings of children.
Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which
always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job which one will
⑻
never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it
There are three principal objects of study: the subject, or subjects,
which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can best
be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching to;
⑼
and—by far the most important—the children, young people, or
adults to those they are to be taught. (10)
i If
「完成曰期 了用 ]~ |错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 153 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论了作为一名教师,什么样的个性特征是值得拥有的。可能不同的人会给出不同的苻法和标准,但是对
于这样一个问题,人们也有一些共性的认识。文章从三个方面展开描述.第一,教师的个性应该是活跃的、能吸引人
的;第二,作为一名教师,一个® 要的个性特征是具有真正同情他人的能力;第三,教师必须有不断学习的思想
答 案 详 解
♦ ♦
approximately, 'exactly 间汇错误,approximately 为教师,不应该具有这样消极的个性,所以,这些个
意思为“大约,大槪”,exactly意思为“楮准地,确切 性应该是排除的对象,此处改为excludes
地" 此处对于老师应该拥有哪些理想的品质,每个 6. and—but词汇错误。not merely意思为“不只,不
人的答案应该是不同的,所以根据逻辑可以推
仅”,desirable和essential足两个不同程度的形转
断,可能没冇两个人会“准确地”列举出相间的个性
词,如果用and来连接则表明是平等的层次,而此处
特征来,此处应该表示“确切",所以应改为
强调的是后者essential,表示“真正的同情他人的能
exactly 0
力,不仅是一种可取的品质,更是很必谣的个性特
2. pleasant—►pleasantly 语法错误。live 和 attractive 都 征”,故改成but。
是形容间,而此处live和pleasant之间没冇逗号,
7. literacy ►丨Heral语法错误. literacy是名同,意思为
表示这两词并非并列关系,所以此处应该是副问 “读写能力,识字'literal是形容词,意思为“字
pleasantly修饰后而的形容同live,要将pleasant改
面的,文字的”。后面所接的是名词meaning,应
为 pleasantly 该由形容词来修饰,表示“字面上的含义”,所以
3. on—out词汇错误。此处考査动间短语的搭配rule 要改为literal,
on的意思为“对……做出裁决",rule out的意思为
8. 八which—a丨语法错误u be perfect at是间定搭配,
“把……排除在外”。此处要表明的是良好的性格并
意思为“在……方面是完美的”,此处要将介词at提
不与长相直接对等,故这里的意思应该是“这个并不 前,和which连用,共同引导定语从句,修饰其先行
是要排除那些长相平讲甚至是IIIW的人,因为这样 词j o b 此句的意思是“教书是一个永远无法做到完
的人也有非常伟大的人格魅力”。所以,根据t下文
美的工作。”
语义需要,此处的意思应该是“排开,排除”,应把on
9. (teaching) to—*〆语法错误。teach是及物动间,可
改为out。
以接接宾语< he is teaching是定语从句,修饰前
4. over-exciting -► over-excitable 词汇错误。over-
面的先行㈣classes,而不是pupils,故无需to表
exciting怠思为“令人过于激动的”,over-excitable
指示的对象.因此要将to刪掉,表示“在他教学的
意思为“易过于激动的”。前者强调某私物“容易比人
课堂上”。
过于激动”,后者强碑人“自身情绪场过于激动”,从
10. those-•♦ whom语法错误,此处to是介问提前,而关
后文提到的忧郁沉闷、冷淡等有关人的种种负面怙
系代词在从句中作介词to的宾语,指代人,所以只
绪,可知此处应该改为over^excitable
能跟whom连用,共同引导定语从句修饰前面的名
5. includes—►excludes 语篇错误 uinclude 意思为“包括, 词 children, young people or adults。定语从句
包含”,exc丨ude意思为“排除,不包括”。上文列举了
中,能和介词搭配的引导间只有which和whom,
大批的表示消极、否定的个性特征的形容词,例如: those是人称代词的i{数形式,此处不符合语法使
易过于激动的,忧郁沉闷的,冷淡的,W 刺的,愤世嫉 用规则,故应该改为whom。此句的意思是:0 前M
俗的,沮丧的和自大傲慢的,这符合下文的dull and
重要的是他们的教育对象—— 孩子们、年轻人或者
negative的个性特征。根据上下文我们可以推断.作
是成年人。
r
人格,个性 排除
personality /.p3:S9 naeliti/ /I• rule out
迷人的特性,魅力 易过 激动的
charm /tja:m/ /I• over-excitable /.auvaik'saitabl/ a• T
语
境 melancholy /Vnelankali/ a
.忧邡的
frigid
/*frid3丨
d/ a
.冷淡的
词 .讽剌的 丨 .愤世嫉俗的
sarcastic /safkaestik/ a cynica /"sinikal/ a
汇
横的,傲慢的 同情,同情心
over-bearing /auva bearif]/ a . " sympathy /*simpa8i/ w•
literal /literal/ a .照字面的 tune in 收听
V
-
• 154 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 6lJ
Positive for Youth aims to place teenagers and young people
at its heart. There is the accurate expectation teenagers themselves (1)
have the responsibility to improve their local communities. The
government pioneered the idea that young people are capable of
accessing the quality of their local services. Another (2)
government-funding scheme created by the NCB, this time with (3)
the British Youth Council and disabled children's charity KIDS, is
Young Inspectors, which train some of the most disadvantaged (4)
young people from poorer communities to inspect and report on
local services. The Young Inspectors scheme, so far, helped change (5)
the lives of more than 1,400 young people and improved more than
600 local services.
It is the illegal requirement across public services to listen to (6)
the views of service users. There is a business case for commercial
suppliers to listen to consumers. Teenagers use many public
services such as police stations, clinics, clubs and libraries; and
also spend as many as £12bn in shopping and travel up to age 19 (7)
via the commercial sector. They want to see services improved, not
just for themselves but for their families and neighbours too.
Involving young people as Young Inspectors makes a business (8)
sense, and is a means of developing young people’s self-esteem,
their ability to analyse and communicate, and many other skills
that are critical to employers.
At the NCB we are pleased with Positive For Youth's holistic
approach to give young people more opportunities and better (9)
support, and we will be eagerly watching to see what the policies (l〇)
take shape.
曰期丨 |用 时 | f 错误数it^ T f
备忘笔记:
• 155 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是“支持年轻人”的计划。在“对年轻人的正面引导”这一计划中,w 少年和年轻人被放在核心位孜,
我们可以期待年轻人对改# 社区服务承担起责任。政府也枳极倡导这一现点:年轻人有能力对社区服务质W 进行
评估。“W 年监矜员”这一计划就是培训一些贫闲社区的贫穷少年来监督并汇报社区服务n作,到H 前为止,该丨十划
已改变了 14⑻名年轻人的生活并改箝了 600多个社区的服务: 无论从法律的角度来说,还是从商业的角度来说,
年轻人都冇权参与到社区评估的T 作中來,这有利于培养他们的自尊,提商他们分析、沟通及其他一些1 要的T:作
能力。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. /\ teenagers —that 语法错误。此处 teenagers... so far意为“到H 前为止”,通常和现在完成时态连
local communities 丨H 来说明 expectation 的内荇, 用,故加上has。
应该是同位语从句,而同位语从句的引导词that是 6. illegal ]ega丨语篇错误。从上下文石通过公共服务
不能杏略的。, 来听取用户的意见应该是一项合法的要求,而不是
2. accessing Ksessing同汇错误。此题考査形近词的 非法的要求。否则就不会有“宵年监饵员”这一计划
区分。access意为“接近,使用'assess意为“评估, 的出台了。
评定”,而此处要表达的意思是“年轻人有能力对社 7. many^mich词汇错误。此处many修饰S12bn,丨fij
区服务进行评估”,所以应该用assess, 钱是不可数名间,故将many改为much
3. government-funding ♦ government-funded 语法错 8. a •〆词汇错误make... sense为同定词组,意为“i并
误 此 处 government-funding是分同作定语,而 得通,有意义”,此处表明“具有商业意义”,故删掉不
fund (资助)与其所修饰的词scheme之间是被动
定冠同a。
关系,所以应该用过去分词作定语,意为“由政府
9. give ’giving词汇错误。approach to…为固定搭配,
资助的”,相当于 scheme that was funded by
意为“……的方法(途径)",to为介词,其后应接名词
government,
或动名词。
4. train drains语法错误。train的 主 which代转的是
10. what ► how语法错误。在 what引导的从句中,
先行词 Young Inspectors,本文中的 Young Inspec-
what既不是作主语,也不能直接作take shape(形
tore指的是一次活动,是一个单数槪念的间组,所以
成)的宾语,放在这里句子从语法和意义上都解择
谓语动词也应该用单数,
不通此处应改为how,句子意为“我们正热切关注
5. schemc/\七as语法错误。本句中表示时间的状语
这些政策将如何形成'
/^
expectation /.ekspek teijan/ n. 期待 community /ka’mju:niti/ /i•社区
pioneer /.paia nia/ vt. be capable of有能力做...
assess /a’ses/ vr•评价 scheme /ski:m/ n•计划
disabed /dis’eibld/ cr. 伤残的 disadvantaged /•disad vaintidsd/ a•贫穷的
丨
语 inspect /in’spekt/ vr•检査 so far到目前为止
境 improve /im pru:v/ v• 改进,改善 legal /*li:gal/ £r•合法的
词
requirement /ri kwaiamant/ n. 要求 commercial /ka’m3:j3l/ a•商业的
汇
supplier /sa plaia/ w•供应者 clinic /*klinik/ n•诊所
involve /in vnlv/ W•包括 self-esteem /,selfisti:m/ n. fl
be critical to 对...很重要 holistic /hau’listik/ fl. 全部的
approach /a’prautj/ /I•方法 take shape 形成
)
• 156 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 62|
Evelyn Coke spent 20 years as a home care aide helping the
elderly and the sick, but she did not live and see fair labor laws (1)
applied to her work.
In a case that it went to the Supreme Court in 2007, Ms. (2)
Coke, who died in 2009, sued her employer with years of unpaid (3)
overtime work. This month, the president invoked Ms. Coke’s
memory when he announced that the Labor Department had
proposed changes to the provisions which the court had based its (4)
decision.
At issue in Ms. Coke*s case is a 1975 labor rule that defined (5)
home care aides as "companions," a class of workers that do not (6)
qualify for federal minimum wage and overtime protections. Ms.
Coke's lawyer, Craig Becker, argued that the rule was supposed to
apply only to occasional domestic workers, like baby sitters, not
home care aides—one of the nation's fastest-growing occupations
and one whose duties often include feeding, bathing and dressing
clients. And the justices said that only Congress or the Labor (7)
Department could change the rule, not the court The new proposal
states clearly that home care aides who are employed by
third-party agencies are entitled to the minimum wage and
overtime payment. Aides hired directly by families are also (8)
covered if they are engaging in housekeeping or spend more than (9)
20 percent of their time on activities other tlian companionship.
The Labor Department will finalize the proposal after a 60-day
public comment period. Some home care agencies are sure to
complain, but the Labor Department should stand firmly. ( )
10
,完成日期1 |用时| |错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 157 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是保护家庭护理r作者的合法权益及相关法规的修订。伊芙琳•科克干了 2〇年的家庭护理工作,
但直到2009年去世,她都没能看到保障其公平权利的劳动法的诞生。2007年,科克女士控告其鹿主多年来要求她
无偿加班,但控诉并未得到法院的支持,因为根据1975年制定的劳动法,家庭护理工作者被划归为看护妇,这类工
作不受联邦最低工资制度和超时劳动制度的保护。现在,科克女士的申诉有望得到法律支持—— 本月总统宣布劳
工部终于提出了对旧的劳动法案的修改。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. and (see) *丨〇语筒错误。原句中live和see是并列 was,at issue是表语,意为“在科克女士的那个案子
谓语,但第一个谓语动词did not live在语义上 中,1975年制定的劳动法是大家争论的焦点”。
解释不通,改为did not live to see后,不定式to 6. do +d〇€s语法错误。do是定语从句中的助动同,而
see...用来修饰live,表示“她到死都没有看到适用于 定语从句的主语that代替的是先行词a class of
她的职业的公平的劳动法规的诞生”,符合上下文的 workers,其中心词是class,是一个单数形式的名
意思。 词,所以助动词也应该用单数形式does,
2. 语法错误。本句的主语为Ms. Coke,这里that 7. And—But语篇错误。上一句科克女士的辩护律师争
引导的是定语从句,用来修饰case。而在定语从句中
论到1975年的劳动法不适用于家庭护理工作者,而
that代替case,作从句中的主语,所以it是多余的, 这一句法官表示只有国会和劳工部能够改变这法
应删掉。本句的意思是‘‘在2007年一桩上诉至最高 律。前后两句在语义上存在转折关系。而用在句首,
法院的官司中,科克女士(已于2009年去世)控告 且没有逗号分开的表示转折关系的连词只有but,故
此处改为But:
其雇主多年来要求她无偿加班”。
3. with +for词汇错误。sue意为“控告",其用法是 8. payment -pay词汇错误。payment意为“(商业,信
sue sb. for sth.,意为“因为……控告某人”。 贷)支付,付款'pay意为“工资,薪饷”,既可指
wage,也可指salary。此处要表达的意思是“加班工
4. Awhich--on语法错误。which引导的是定语从句,
资”,应用pay。
用以修饰provisions而在定语从句中,which所代
替的先行词provision(法律条款)既不是作主语,也 9. engaging -’engaged 同汇错误。be engaged in 是固
不是作宾语,根据上下文意思,应该是用在based 定词组,意为“参与,从事于,忙于"。
the decision on the provisions 结构中,所以应在 10. firm丨y->firm语法错误。从上下文分析,此处stand
which前加上on.. 应该用作系动词,表示“处于某种状态”,因此其后
5. is—was语法错误。此段的前几句话都是在描述当年 应接形容间,构成系表结构.stand firm在此处意
科克女士那桩官司的情况,所以应该用过去时态。此
为“保持坚定立场”。
句是一个倒装句,主语是a 1975 labor rule,谓语是
r
home care aide家庭护理助手 Supreme Court M 高法庭
invoke /in’vauk/ v.援引 announce /9’nauns/ v/•宣布
语 provision /pr9 vi33n/ /i. 条款 at issue在争论中
境
companion /kam paenjan/ n .同伴 qualify /kwolifai/ v•(使)具有资格
词
汇 minimum ,minimam/ a. 最小的 occupation /.okju’peijan/ /i. 5R业
justice /*dAstis/ /i•司法 be entitled to有...的资格
3
housekeeping /hauskiipiQ/ n .管家 finalize /fainalaiz/ v/.使完成
\ J
• 158 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 63|
The fact that the world's cities are getting more and more
crowded is a well-documented demographic fact. Cities such as
Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now considered
“mega-cities”,reflecting their enormous size and huge populations,
which in many cases is around the twenty million-mark. There
are two main reasons why these and other cities are
becoming so crowded: one economic and other socio-cultural. (1)
Undoubtedly, the primary cause for cities becoming so
crowded is economic. With a country develops, its cities become (2)
the engines of development. Furthermore, many jobs are available (3)
in these areas. Tokyo, for example, is the motor for Japan’s rapid (4)
economic development in the 1960’ s and 70’ s; as a result, its
population increased r叩idly. People moved to Tokyo so that they
could find jobs and establish economic security themselves and (5)
their families.
A farther factor in the huge increase in urban populations is
the socio-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrating to the (6)
cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personnel (7)
reasons. The better universities are always located in big cities and
this attracts tens of thousands of students every year. These
students usually stay up and work in the city after they graduate. (8)
Moreover, young people will move to the city as if the villages and (9)
rural areas are often governed by custom and tradition, which they
believe is an obstacle to their private freedom.
In conclusion, we can say that amongst the many causes
behind urban population density, the economic or cultural are the (10)
most significant. People always move to the areas which provide
opportunity and the freedom they desire. It is now the
responsibility of municipal councils to make sure these people are
housed, clothed, fed and educated.
I I
完成曰期 用 时 丨错误数量统计丨
备忘笔记:
• 159 .专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是城市人口的拥挤问题文章从两个方而入手,具体分析了造成人口过多的原因:一个是经济原因,
大城市给人们提供了史多的就业机会,可以获得更多的经济保障;另一个是社会文化原因,好大学大多都位于大城
市,而许多年轻人愿意搬去大城市w 为他们认为农村的习俗和传统束缚r个人a 由。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. Mother >the间汇错误。此句分析了大城市人口众 现在分词.若作定语修饰前面的名词people.则该句
多的两个主要原W : —个是经济原因,另一个是社会 缺乏谓语动同。此句唯一可以作谓语的就是动W
文化原因,此处应该用短语one... the other来表 migrate,所以将migrating改为migrate 该句的意
达,意思是“一个……另一个……"。所以此处要增加 思是“成千上万的人移民到城市不仅仅是为了 T.作,
定冠词the 还为了教育和个人原因。"
2. With-^As语法错误。with是介同,后面应该接名 7. personne丨一► persona丨同汇错误。personnel 是名词,
词、名词短语或代词.a country develops具有完 意思为“人员;人事部门”,personal是形容词,意思
整的主谓结构,所以应该由连词连接,此处该改为 为“个人的,私人的”。此处与reason搭配,应该表示
As。此句的怠思是“随打一个闻家的发展,这个国家 的是“个人原W ”,所以这里改为personal,
的城市也成为其发展的主动力。” 8. up *on词汇错误。此处考査了 stay的动词短语词义
3. Furthermore -Therefore语篇错误。上文提出,“随 辨析。stay up意思是“熬夜”.stay on意思是“继续
葙一个闰家的发展,这个N 家的城市也成为其发展的 停留”。该句意为“大学生毕业后通常会继续留在大
主动力紧接着分析了“在这样的地有很多就业 城市工作”.而不是表示“熬夜",所以将up改为on,
的机会”。两个句子间应该是W 果关系.下一句表结果 9. if—-〆语法错误。as if意为“似乎,好橡”,在句中引
而不是表递进含义,所以这里应该用Therefore。
导方式状语从句时常使用虚拟语气。此处从句是解
4. is-was语法错误。此处考査时态的运用。根据此句 择为什么年轻人愿意迁居至城市的原W ,故将if去
的时间状语in the 1960’s and 70’s推断.此处应该 掉,改为由as引导的原因状语从句。该句意为“甚
用--般过去时,而分号后面increased也与此相呼 至,年轻人愿意迁居至城市是因为他们认为农村地
应,所以将is改为was,: 区的习俗和传统会阻碍他们的个人自由。”
5. 八 themselves >for 同汇错误。establish... for...,意思1 0. or »and同汇错误。此句为文章的总结,说明导致
是“为……诖立……”。此处的意思是“为肖己和家人 城市人U 密集的两大重要原因分別是经济和文化
建立经济保障”。如果除去for.该句的意思就变成 原W 。经济和文化两者是并列关系而不是选择关
了“他们自己建立经济保障”,与后面的and their 系,这一点也与第一段结尾处的economic以及
families则失去了语义关联。所以要增加for。 sociocultural相呼应,所以要将or改为and
6. migrating —migrate 语法错误。migrating 在句中是
welNdocumented /.werdDlcjumantid/fl•存大M 文件证明的 demographic/.demagraefik/a 人口统计学的
mega-city /*megasiti/ n•(人口超过 100 万的〉大城市 population /•pDpju’leiJan/ n• 人U
primary /*praimari/a.首要的,主要的 availab丨e /aVeilabl/ a. 可得到的
语
境 motor /*mauta/ w. 发动机 security /si’kjuariti/ n. 保障
词
汇 urban ,3:ban/ cr. 城市的 migrate /maigreit/ W• 移居(尤指移居㈤夕卜)
stay on继续停留 govern /*gAV3n/ v/•统治
obstacle /*Dbstdkl/ /i•障碍 density /densati/ /i•密度
municipal /mju: nisip3l/ a. 市政的 council /kaunsal/ n. 委员会
• 160 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 64)
Christmas is the time to make the beloved ones feel special. A
hug and a kiss would probably be more than enough but gifts are
the ornaments of mutual love and respect. Choosing the right gift
for the right person may either be a pleasure or a pain in the chest.
Failure would result from misery on your part even if the recipient (1)
doesn’t tell you the truth and pretend to be unhappy about the item, (2)
which might actually be a complete disappointment on his/her
part. However, many people believe that a guide on choosing (3)
the right Christmas gift might be great help. (4)
The primary factor when choosing a Christmas gift is of
course the degree of your relationship with the receiver. It mainly
determines the value and type of the gift. Age is proved to be (5)
another important factor in buying not only Christmas gifts but
gifts for any type of occasion. Particularly men tend to be less
careful and caring when bought gifts for the same sex. Women, on (6)
the other hand, are less careful though they may act with a sense of (7)
revenge if the receiver has been disappointed her in the previous (8)
exchange. Buying gifts for colleagues or for other people at the
workplace is a difficult stoiy. Rank and status can sometimes be (9)
more important than the degree of friendship. Just as a form of
social contract people holding more or less familiar ranks are (10)
expected to buy gifts roughly the same value for each other.
161 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是如何选择最完美的圣诞礼物。文章开头首先描述丫送圣诞礼物的作用,并说明了如果礼物选送
不当会有什么样的结果。文章第二段则洋细介绍了送圣诞礼物时要注意的几个因索,其中主要因素垦与接受对象
的关系程度,性別是另外一个重要因索在某些时候,等级和社会地位比关系程度更S 要
♦ 答案详解♦
1. from Hniri]汇错误此处考査的是动词result的短 法 when引导时间状语从句时,后面所接的现在分
语搭配 result in意思为“导致'result from意思 间跟其逻辑主语构成主谓关系,表示主动;接过去分
,
为“来源于”。此处痛苦是因为送礼物的失败而引起 词构成动宾关系,表示被动。men和buy gifts之间
的.故应该改为in表示“导致”。这句话的意思是“即 应该是主谓关系,所以使用现在分词。
使收礼物的人不会告诉你處相并假装很苒欢这份礼 7. less->more语篇错误。上文提到男性在给同性选送
物,就你而言,选送礼物的失败也可能导致痛苦。” 礼物时是丨ess careful (不是很细心),下文提到的是
2. unhappy—happy语篇错误。前半句说“收礼物的人 女性,在细心方面,自然是要更细心,所以这里应该
没有说出真相”,其后的定语从句又表明“对于收礼 是 more,
物的人而言,他们可能会完全对这份礼物感到失 8. been— 法错误 has been disappointed 是现
望”。所以应该是pretend to be happy(假装很#欢 在完成时的被动语态,在这句话里,receiver和
这份礼物>,此处需改为happy
disappointed之间是主谓关系,并不表被动,W此耍
3. However—Thus/Therefore语篇错误。上文提到送 去掉been,整句的意思是“从另一方面看,女性要更
圣诞礼物的意义,并说明了礼物选送不当可能造 加细心些,即使她们可能带着一种报复感,如果收
成的结果。紧接着作者提出,很多人认为指导如何 礼物的人之前送了让她们失望的礼物。”
选择圣诞礼物很有帮助。这应该是上文语义所造成 9. difficult—different词汇错误。上文已经分析了在选
的结果。故此处需要一个表示结果的副同,因此改 送礼物时要注意关系程度和性别因素,下文讲解的
为 Thus 或 Therefore 是社会地位因素。各种因素之间并不存在难易的区
4. /\ great u f 词汇错误,be of great help=be greatly 别.所以在这里用difficult明显不当这句话谈论的
helpful.意思为“非常有用 ' 所以,此处要增加of,构 是在工作场合给同事或其他人买礼物,这是另一种
成常用搭配。 不同的状况,所以要改为different,
5. Age—Gender语篇错误。age意思为“年龄'gender 10. familiar—similar 词汇错误。familiar 作形容词,意
意思为“性别”。上文提到,在选送礼物时,关系程度 思为“熟悉的” .similar是形容词,意思为“相似
是考虑的主要因素,下文则特别就男女不同性別进 的”。这里表示的应该是“相似的等级、地位”而不是
行对比,可知,另一个1 要因素应该和性别有关,故 “熟悉的等级、地位”,所以要改为similar整句意为
应该改为Gender,-, “作为某种社会契约,社会地位相似的人们,应该给
ft. bought—buyi叩语法错误。此处考査的是分词的用
彼此选送价值相同的礼物。”
beloved
/bi’lAVid/ a•所钟爱的
ornament
A):namant/
/i
•装饰,点缀
mutua丨/*mju:tjual/fl•相互的,彼此的 misery /mizari/ /i.痛苦
语
境 recipient /ri'sipiant/ /I.接受者 pretend /pri’tend/ v•假装
词 of great he丨p 非常有用 primary /*praimari/ a .首要的,主要的
汇
prove to be证明是 revenge /ri’vendj/ n•报 K ,报仇
rank /raer]k/ /i.级別 rough丨y /rAfli/似/.粗略地
V J
• 162 •第三章100篇 标 准 改 错 训 练 @
= Passage 65)-----------------------------------------
Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of
temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of
effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are
most efficient only with a narrow range around 37*0; a departure ⑴
of a few degrees from this value serious impairs their functioning. ( )
2
Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated
actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wide ( )
3
tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.
For century it has been recognized that mammals and birds ( )
4
differ other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. ( )
5
Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate
and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects an ( )
6
old division into warm-blooded" and “cold-blooded” species;
44
warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other
creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were
studied, it became evident that this classification was adequate. A ( )
7
cold-blooded fence lizard usually has a body temperature only a
degree or two below those of humans and so is not cold. Therefore ⑻
the next distinction was taken between animals that maintain a ( )
9
constant body temperature, called homeotherms, and those whose
body temperature varies with their environments, called
poikilotherms. But this classification was also proved inadequate, (l〇)
because among mammals there are many that vary their body
temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates
that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the
depths of the ocean, and their body temperatures remain constant.
f
完 成 日 期 | |用 时 | 丨错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 163 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是细胞与溫度。动物的存活和活动程度受外界M 度的影响哺乳动物和鸟类通常被称为暖血动物.
他们的活动能力受外界温度的影响较大,而其他动物被称为冷血动物,它们受外界温度的影响较小< 随荇对更多物
种的进一步研究,我们发现暖血动物和冷血动物的划分是不准确的,于是进而乂提出了恒温动物和变温动物的划
分,但这一划分也不尽完 #。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. wHh—»within同汇错误。range (范围> 一词前用 7. adequate—inadequate语篇错误。根据上下文,随抒
within.表示“在某个范闱内”,符合文中意思,而 对更多物种的研究,我们发现原来对暖血动物和冷
with表示“拥有”或“伴随”的意思,不符合此处要表 血动物的划分是不充分的(inadequate).,比如布的动
达的意思。 物,体温只比人类低一到两度,而被划为冷血动物,
2. serious ►seriouslyifi■法错误。serious 是形容问,不
就是不恰当的。故此处应改为inadequate,符合文意
能修饰动词impair,应改用其副W 形式seriously, 8. those Mhat i/j法错误。此处对比的对象是a body
3. wide-*wider语篇错误。根据上下文,此句意为“(与 temperature,是一个单数形式的名词,而且通过常
哺乳动物和鸟类相比)其他动物对体ffl变化的容忍 识,我们知道人类的身体常温都是相同的,因此应该
度大一些。”前后句之间有比较的意味,所以应该用 用单数概念的代词that,
比较级wider,表示对比。 9. 丨aken -made同汇错误。distinction通常和动闻
4. century *ceiUuries is]汇错误。For centuries 是固定 make搭配,意为“区分,区别”。
短语,意为“几个世纪以来"。 10. was— 间汇错误。prove在表/丨;:“证明是,原来
5. differ八一*froin词汇错误(differ from是同定搭配, 是”这一意思时,通常用在prove to be这一结构
意为••与……不同,区别于……”。 中,K:中to be可以折略。例如:The runior proved
(to be) true.这谣传证明是真的。
6. an Ihe词汇错误。此处是特指过去对动物的一种划
分方法,即把动物划分为暖血动物和冷血动物,故应
用定冠同。
/
boundary /bauncbri/ /I•边界 enzyme /enzaim/ n .酶
mammal /*maem3l/ /!•哺乳动物 departure /di pa:tj a/ /i. 离开
fluctuation
/.flAktju’eiJan/ n•起伏
integrated
/丨ntigreitid/ a•综合的
语 bodi
丨y Amdili/ a•身体的
tolerance
/*tr>larans/ w•宽容
境 regulate /regjuleit/ v/•调节 characterize /"kaeraktaraiz/ v/•成 为 ......的特征
词 terminology /.tsimi nDladsi/ /i. 术语 division /di’vi 3 an/ n•分配
汇
/*spi:Ji:z/ 种,类 /.klaesifi’keijan/ /i•分类
species / i. classification
lizard /*liZ9d/ ii•蜥期 constant body temperature 身体常温
homeotherm /h8umi003:m/ n. tK温动物 poikilotherm /poi'kil9U03:m/ w•变温动物
hibernation /.haiba’neij an/
/i•冬眠
invertebrate
/丨nV3:tibrat/ a•无脊推的
V J
• 164 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 66|
The days when journalism was limited to obtaining press
briefings and writing first hand account of happenings in the ⑴
surrounding world are definitely over. Also over is the simplistic
interview journalism you published question answers from (2)
interviews with dignity. Your well-researched articles, picking (3)
facts and figures from scores of reports, publications, papers etc. is
also a done thing now. If you are privy to information that others (4)
do not have your chances of becoming a successful journalist are
poor.
There was a time that journalists and media did not indulge in (5)
expressing opinions connected with the news stories. They would
simply put the facts before the people and let people to arrive at (6)
their own conclusions. This is true no more. Now apart from
bringing breaking news, the media openly engages itself in
expressing views and opinions neither for or against it. In recent ⑺
times, they not only exposed various scandals but also made the ⑻
public feel strongly about it.
Even public opinion building by the media was acceptable but
now it has crossed over to yet other domain, in finding out to what
extent a given person was guilty of misconduct and the kind of
punishment he/she deserved. So before any law enforcing agency
or court of law comes to some decision in a given case, the media (9)
is ready with its conclusions. This role of media is pestering many
including the government and the other day the prime minister had
to say that media was now functioning all of one as accuser, (i〇)
prosecutor and judge.
i l
曰 期 用 时 | |错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 165 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是新闻媒体角色的改变。过去,新闻T.作仅限于获取新闻简报、用一手资料撰写新闻负件,单纯的
访谈新M 也仅刊登采访显要人物的问题答案,如今这一切已不复存在。现在,要想成为一名成功的记者,你就得掌
握他人所没有的私家信息。过去记者和媒体不热衷于对新闻事件发表意见,只把亊实呈现在人们面前,让人们自己
得出结论,而现在媒体公开发表自己的现点和意见。如今媒体已经集多种功能于一身,俨然成为了原告、检举人和
法官,
♦ 答案详解♦
h Afirst语法错误此句中account意为“报道,描 time在句中作时间状语,故应该用关系副词when
写”,是可数名词,且第一次出现,故笛要用不定冠词 引导,相当于at which。
a 修饰。此处first hand意为“第一手的”。 6. to—〆语法错误。let是使役动词,后面接不带to的
2. Ayou—where语法错误。根据上下文语义,此句前 不定式作宾补。
半部分说单纯的访谈新闻已不复存在了,后半部分 7. neither--*either 语篇错误„ either... or...意为“或者
说刊登采访显要人物的问题答案,可见后半句是 ……或者”,表示两者选一,连接句中两个并列的成
interview journalism的定ift,此定语从句中缺地点 分;neither... nor...意为“既不……也不”。此句的意
状语,故耑加上关系副词where 思是“媒体公开参与发表自己对某则新闻If件的意
3. dignity—’dignitaries 词汇错误。interview with 表示 见和观点,要么支持,要么反对。”故此处应该用
“与……进行访问”,后面常接人。dignity为名词,意 either... or,把 neither 改为either。
为“庄严、尊贵”,放在此处,语义不明dignitaiy表示 8. they屮语篇错误。此处指代的是前一句的主语the
“Si贵,要人”,用于此处符合上下文语义。 media,应该用单数it,而不是they。
4. If^Unless语篇错误。根据上下文语义,前句说“你掌 9. some—any词汇错误。用于肯定句中,some表示“一
捤他人所没有的私家信息”,后句说“你成为一名成 些”,any意为“任何"。此句要表达的意思是“在任何
功记者的机会很少”,前后构成条件关系,但前者的 执法机关或法院对某个案例作出任何决定之前”,故
“掌握内部信息”和后者的“机会很少”矛盾,所以应 此处应该改为any,与句首的any相呼应。
该否定前者。unless意为“如果不,除非”,含有否定 10. of—in词汇错误。all in one固定搭配,意为“合为
意思,相当于if... not,故此处应该用Unless。 —体”.此句表示“媒体已集多种职能于一体:原告、
5. that—when语法错误。此处是定语从句,先行词a 检举人和法官”,故此处应该用介词in。
^ \
briefing /*bri:fir]/ /I.简报 first hand第一手的
simplistic /sim’plistik/ a•过分简单化的 dignitary Ahgnitari/ /!• 显贵,要人
privy /privi/ (与丨〇连用)私下参与的,秘密参与的 indulge in沉溺于
语
arrive at one’s conclusion 得出某人的结论 apart from 除...之外
境
词 engage." in"•使从事于... scandal /"skaendal/ n• 丑亊,丑闻
汇
domain /dau’mein/ /!•(活动、思想等)领域,范围 misconduct /.miskondAkt/ /t 品行不良,行为不检
enforce /in'fo:s/ W• 实施,执行 pester /pest / v•使烦恼,纠缠
0
accuser /akju:za/ /I.上诉人,原告 prosecutor /prnsikjuita/ n .检举人
V
• 166 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 67J
The word “freedom” for many black Americans is
inextricably linked with the word “slavery.” While it has 148 years (l)
since the Emancipation Proclamation, and 47 years since the
landmark Civil Rights Act, for many, the words of Martin Luther
King in his famous speech still ring real: “The Negro lives on a (2)
lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity.M Many black Americans still find themselves spiritually
and economically slaved on the figurative st-century plantation. ()
21 3
Why is that still so? After all, for the last 47 years, our leaders
have passed on bill after bill ostensibly to free black Americans ( )
4
from the manacles of poverty and provide ever-stronger safety nets
for those disadvantaged. Because two veiy formidable forces have ( )
5
conspired over these last 47 years—almost the span of my
complete life—tx) shackle the economic freedoms and aspirations ⑹
of the black community: liberal progressive policies, generally
supported by Democrats, and the socialist ideology espoused
by prominent blacks as A1 Sharpton and Jesse Jackson. ⑺
This is always curious to me that black Americans typically ( )
8
vote Democrat, when it was a Republican president, Abraham
Lincoln, who issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, and a
Republican from Ohio, Representative James Mitchell Ashley,
who came forth the bill to support an amendment to end slavery ( )
9
throughout the United States. Nearly 100 years late, when the (i〇)
initial Civil Rights Bill came before the full Senate in 1964, it was
a group of 18 Southern Democrats who argued most fervently
against its passage.
f I I
完成日期! |用时| 错误数量统计
备忘笔记:
• 167 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是美闻黑人的自由。对很多美国黑人来说自由”这个词和“奴隶制”纠缠不清。虽然(解放宣言》和
(公民权利法案》已通过了很多年,但许多美闰黑人发现自己成为了比喻意义上的21世纪种植园的奴隶。美闰领导
人通过了一个又一个法案,以使美国黑人摆脱贫闲的枷锁,并为弱势群体提供更强大的安全网。但是两股强大的力
M 共同束缚着美国黑人的经济自由和远大抱负:民主党派支持的自由进步的政策和杰出黑人拥护的社会主义思想
♦ 答案详解♦
1. hasA小枕!!语法错误。此句的主语it指时间,谓语 网,本句则说两股强大的力I*共同束缚符美阆黑人
动词应该是be,后面出现了 since短语,应该用完成 的经济自由和远大抱负。前后形成鲜明的对照.故应
体,故要加上been。 该用表转折关系的连间替换Because,
2. real *true闾汇错误..real和true都可以表示“真的” 6. complete--► entire/whole 词汇错误。complete, entire
这一意思,real指客观上存在,并非想象或虚构的, 和whole作为形容词都是指“全部的,完整的”,
它是与“无”相对而言,true是指“真实的”,强调和实 entire指形状、数M 或时间范围整体,在许多情况
际情况相符,它是与“假”相对而言。true还可以表示 下可以与whole通用,complete强调所有忠要的
“正确的'real没有这种用法。此处要表达的意思是 或正确的部分都存在。此处表示“一生",是个时间范
“马丁 •路德金著名演讲里所说的话仍然是正确的。" 闱的整体,故应该用entire或whole
故要改为true。 7. Aas —such词汇错误。根据上下文语义,句中A1
3. slaved ^easlaved同汇错误。slave作不及物动词表 Sharpton and Jesse Jackson应该是杰出黑人的
示“做苦工.像奴隶般工作".enslave作及物动词,表 两个代表,故应该用such as表示列举。
示“使……成为奴隶”,此句的意思是“许多美国黑人 8. This—丨t语法错误。从意义上判断,此句真正的主语
发现自己成为了比喻意义上的21世纪种植园的奴 应该是that从句,This不能作形式主语,故应改为It。
隶。”故用enslaved符合上下文语境。
9. came^brought 词汇错误。come forth 怠为“出现,
4. on ►〆同汇错误。pass表示“通过,批准”的意思时是 被公布”,放在此处语义不通,此句要表达的盘
及物动词,后面直接接宾语,不需要介词on。pass on 思是“James Mitchell Ashley提出了一个法案,支
为固定搭配,表示“传递”,放在此处语义不通。 持在全美废除奴隶制的修正案”,故应该用bring
5. Because—But语篇错误。由上下文语义判断,此句与 forth,表示“提出”。
前句应该是转折关系,而不是因果关系。前句提到美 10. late—丨ater词汇错误。late作副词表示“晚,迟",later
国领导人通过了一个又一个法案,以使美国黑人摆 表示“以后”,此处的意思是“大约100年以后”,故应
脱贫困的枷锁,并为弱势群体提供了更强大的安全 该用later,符合上下文语义。
r
inextricably /in'ekstrikebali/ 分不开地 Emancipation Proclamation 解放寅言
landmark /*laendma:k/ n. 划时代的琪件 Civil Rights Act公民权利法案
negro /*ni:gr9U/ /!•黑人 prosperity /pro'speriti/ /I•兴旺,繁荣
enslave /in’sleiv/ v•使成为奴隶 figurative /"figjurativ/ a•比喻的
语 plantation /plaen’teijan/ n. 种植园 ostensib丨y /D'stensabli/似/.伪装地,表面上地
境 manac丨e /Vnaenakl/ /!•(/!/•)欺讳,手拷 formidable /*fo:midabl/ fl. 强大的
词
conspire /kan'spaia/ v•共同导致 span /spaen/ /i• —段时间
汇
shackle /Jaekal/ v/•束缚 ideo丨ogy /.aidi’Dlads丨/ n•思想(体系),思想意识
espouse /I'spauz/ v•支持,拥护 prominent /*pmminant/ a•杰出的
bring forth 提出 amendment /a’mendmant/ w•改正,修改
fervently /*f9:v9ntli/ 似/•热烈地 passage /*paesid / /I•通过
V 3 J
. 168 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 68|
The nature of work is changing. Recent technological
advances, a shift from manufacturing to service-based
organizations, increased global competition, and the importance of
knowledge workers all have contributed to a dynamic and complex
work environment. To survive, organizations must embrace
flexibility and adaptability. They must have a systems view that
help them to integrate the meaning of common everyday (i)
occurrences into overall interrelationships, interdependencies, and
patterns of change to allow them to achieve this needed
adaptability. Veiy often, organizations accompany these goals
⑵
through the implementation of teams.
A team is a collective of dependent individuals who together
⑶
have shared objectives, mental models, and procedures that guide
their perceptions, thinking, and behaviors toward a common goal.
The process which teams achieve this commonality is called
⑷
collaboration. Dissimilarly, cooperation has been discussed as a (5)
team skill competency that includes offering help to those team
members who need it, pacing activities to fit the needs of the team,
and behaving so that actions are not misinterpreted. Collective
organizations immerse themselves to the virtues of collaboration
⑹
and cooperation by reducing the hierarchy of social stratification
on which traditional bureaucratic organizations rely. However,
⑺
they encourage decisions to be made by the collective group to
foster a sense of community and shared purpose. Cooperation and
teamwork facilitate coordination, communication, adaptability,
enhance employee participation, and empowerment, thereby
⑻
allowing individuals to achieve collective outputs that are greater
than the sum of their parts. Organizations continue to depend on
teams and the synergy they engender to assist at streamlining work
⑼
processes that promote efficiency, the increased innovation, and (10)
quality of products and services.
成曰期丨 了用时丨 |错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
• 169 •@ 专 八 改 错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是闭队协作的t 要性。首先,作者从社会工作背读人手.提出公司要生存、要发展,团队协作很ffi
要。在第二段里,作者先解释了闭队的槪念,紧接若分析了团队人员间协作的积极结果最后,作者提及各大组织机
构继续依靠团队合作去提卨效率、促进革新以及提高产品和服务的质=
♦ 答案详解♦
1. help_ -helps iff法错误。此处的that引导定语从句, 6. to *in词汇错误。此处考査了 immerse的搭配川法,
其先行同是a systems view,为单数,故定语从句 immeree和in搭配,表示•‘使没没于,专心于",为同
里的谓语动词也要用第三人称单数,所以要将help 定用法。所以要将to改为in。
改为helps 7. However^»Furthermoreifj篇错误。前句提到“专注
2. accompany—accomplish同汇错误。此处考査形近 于合作的公司能减少机构内部社会各阶层的等级制
词辨析,accompany意思是•‘陪伴,伴随”,accom 度”,而这句表示“公司鼓励集体作决策,以形成一个
plish 意思是“完成' 根据上下文意思, 此处意为“各 W 结一致且目标共同的氛围”。两句都是表示合作给
组织经常通过团队合作的实施来完成他们的这些H 公ifj带来的积极影响,不存在however所表达的转
标。”所以,这里需要一个表示“完成”的动词,故改 折意味。这里后一句在前一句的基础上,语义更进
为 accomplish。 一步,故M丨表示递进的连词Furthermore适合。
3. dependent-interdependent 词汇错误。dependent 8. enhance—^enhanced enhance employee
意为“依椹的”, interdependent表示“相互依存的” participation 应该 其前后的 coordination, com
此处作者给“团队”做出了明确的定义:闭队是一个集 munication, adaptability 和 empowerment 构成名
体,他们有共同的目标、褚神模范和T.作过程,而这个 词并列。enhance是动词原形,因此动宾结构
过程将指导他们的观念、思想及行为朝一个共同的R enhance employee participation 与上下文的结构
标前进。根据定义,团队成员间应该是互相依赖的关 不符,所以要改为过去分词enhanced,作定语修饰
系,所以要将 dependent 改为 interdependent employee participation
4. 八which—in语法错误。此处考査的是定语从句的用9. at—in间汇错误。此处考査的是动W assist的搭配
法。which引导的定语从句修饰的是先行词The assist既可以和at搭配也可以和in搭配,但是意思
process,其在从句中作状语,表示“在这个过程中”, 有所不同assist at意思是•‘到场,出席”,assist in则
故应该添加介词in,与which —起引导这个从句. 多用于表示“帮助,协助”的意思3根据上下文语义,各
此句意为“团队们贏得共同性的这个过程就称之为 组织机构继续依赖于闭队协作,并且他们付出的努力
‘合作’。” 能在流水线工作过程中帮助提高工作效申、促进革新
5. Dissimilarly—► Similarly语篇错误。根据上下文意
并提高产品和服务质M 所以将at改为in:
思,作者都在讨论合作的意义和结果,collaboration 10. Uie—lhf语法错误。此处考丧冠词的用法。这里并
和cooperation是近义词,都0〖以用来表示••合作”, 没有特別指什么革新,而是泛指创新不断提高,
所以应该在内容和形式上是相似的,故这里耍 所以不能使用定冠词the,耍将其刪掉
改为Similarly,才能使上下文通顺.
dynamic /dai naemik/ a•有活力的 embrace /imbreis/ v/•欣然接受
flexibi丨丨ty /.fleksa’biliti/ /I.灵活性 adaptability /adaept9 biliti/ /i.适应性
integrate /intigreit/ v. (into, with)(使)成为一体 occurrence /9’kArans/ n• 发 也 的唞tf*f
语
境 implementation /.implimen teijan/ n •执行 collective /ka’lektiv/ n•集体
词 interdependent /intadipendant/ a•互相依赖的 collaboration /ka.laeba'reij an/ n.合作
汇 immerse /iVn3:s/ W. (in)使沉S 在,专心T stratification /.straetifi keij an/ n.阶层的形成
facilitate /fa’siliteit/ v/.使便利 empowerment /im'pauamant/ w. 授权
synergy /*sin9d3i/ /i.协同,配合 streamline /*stri:mlain/ v/•使成流线型
V
. 170 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 69j
The ability to move to find new work has long been a
cornerstone of the American Dream. There is growing concern that
being stuck in place contributes to higher levels of unemployment
Our analysis, therefore, finds no correlation whatsoever between (1)
the percentage of residents who were bom in a state and either the
overall rate of unemployment and its change over the past year. (2)
There is also no correlation between it and the level of income
inequality. States with higher percentages of home grown up (3)
residents do however have higher poverty rates. State mobility
appears to be related to residents, perceptions of their future
economic conditions. The percentage of residents bom in a state is
closely associated with the percentage of people in the state who
see the economy getting worse and negatively associated with the (4)
percentage who perceive the economy to be getting better. This
likely reflects a difference in the levels of income and skills what (5)
underlie these divergent perceptions about the economy.
State-level mobility is also associated with key dimensions of
health and well-being. Low mobility states have higher levels of
obesity and smoking and higher levels of happiness and (6)
well-being. The percentage of residents bom in a state is positively
correlated with smoking and obesity, as well as deaths from (7)
cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and cancer. Converse, the (8)
level of happiness or subjective well-being is negatively associated
with the percentage of residents bom in a state. And many have (9)
focused on the economic effects of mobility, our analysis suggests
it play an important role in health and happiness as well. (10)
f
^ 完成曰期| |用 时 | 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
• 171 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是美闰人口流动性的影响具备迁移并找到新「.作的能力长久以来被视为美闻梦的基石,如今人
们越来越抱心停留在一个地方会导致更高的失业率。然而我们分析发现居住在ft己出生州的居民所占的比例与总
体的失业率或过去一年失业率的变化之间没有关联,同时与收人水平不均之间也没有关联我们发现各州的人口
流动性与他们对将来经济条件的看法以及人们的幸福安康感有关系。
♦ 答案详解♦
1 there丨ore >h«wever语篇错误。由上下文语义判断 可以判断有幸榀安康感的人比例应该较低故应该
. ,
此句与前句之间应为转折关系,而不是因果关系。前 把 higher 改为 lower
句提到现在越来越相心停留在一个地方会导致更高 7. 八deaths 'with词汇错误。此处as well as用作并
的失业宇,本句则说二者之间没有关联,后者与前者 列连词,意为“除……之外(也)”,故此处应该增加一
语义刚好相反,故应改为表示转折关系的副同 个with, 和correlated搭配,并与前而的with
however。 smoking and obesity并列此句的意思是“出生在
2. and—>or词汇错误。either... or...是固定搭配,意为 一个州的居民所占的比例与肥胖症. 抽烟以及死于
“或者……或者……”,此句的意思是“我们的分析发 心血管病、心脏病和癌症的比率呈正相关。”
现居住在14己出生州的居民所占的比例与总体的失 8. Converse ♦ Conversely 语法错误 converse 是形容
业率或过去一年失业率的变化之间没冇关联”。故应 词,意为“相反的”,此处应该用副词作句子的状语,
把and改为or 故要改为Conversely。
3. up 词汇错误。home grown为固定的短语,意 9. And Whereas/While 篇错误,,根据上下文语义判
为“土生土长的”,此句要表达的意思是“但是土生土
断,句间的逻辑关系应为对比关系,前半句指出很多
长居民比例较高的州确实有较A 的贫闲韦。”故应该 研究关注的是人口流动性对经济的影响,后半句则
刪掉up 说我们的研究表明人U 流动性对人们的健康和幸福
4. Agetting—»as 词汇错误。see+doing 表示“看见... 起# 很重要的作用,二者形成对比,故应把And改
正在做”,see... as意为“把……看成,视为”。根据上 为 While 或 Whereas
下文的意思,此处应该用see... as结构.意为“出生 10. play splays语法错误。suggest表示“违议,提议”
在一个州的居民所占的比例与认为本州经济越來越 时,其后的that从句要用虚拟语气“should+动词
不景气的人所占的比例密切相关。” 原形”,其中should可以省略;当意为“表明,暗示”
5. wha丨► that/whichift法错误...此处是定i/f从句,修饰先 B>hthat从句用真实的语气。此句是第二种用法,怠
行词levels of income and skills, FL引导词在从句中 思是“我们的分析表明人口流动性对人们的健谈和
作主语,故应该用关系代词that或which来引导。 幸福起苕很觅要的作用。”由于此处描述的是一般
6. higher-►丨ower语篇错误。根据上下文意思,前半句
性情况,故从句应该用一般现在时。故把play改为
plays
指出人口流动率低的州肥胖和抽烟的人比例较高,
cornerstone /koinastaun/ n. 基石 be stuck in 闲住
unemployment /.Anim ploimant/ n. 失业 correlation /.kori leijan/ /i•关联
whatsoever /.wotsau eva/ ad. ff resident /Vezidant/ /i. 居民
语
inequality Aini'kwDlati/ /i•不平等 home grown 土生土长的
境
词 mobility /mau'bilati/ w. 流动性 be associated with 与...联系在-起
汇 underlie /lAnda'Iai/ vt构成...的基础(或起因) divergent /daiV3:d3ant/ a.有分歧的,不同的
dimension /dai’menjan/ /i• 方面,特点 well-being /.wel’bi:ir]/ n•幸福
cardiovascular /.ka:diauVaeskjul9/ a•心脏血茜的 converse丨y /*knnv3:sli/ • 相反(地)
V. 」
• 172 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
= Passage [7〇|-------------------------------------------------------------
For a developing country like India whose ecological and
socio-economic systems are already under pressure from rapid
urbanization, industrialization and economic growth, responding to
the additional stress from impacts of climate change present both (1) _________________
challenges and opportunities. By weaving climate change concerns
into the fabric of its existing developmental policies, the country
would not only be able to ineffectively address the challenges of (2) _________________
climate change mitigation and adaptation, but will also be able to
attain sustainable development. The impacts of climate change are
conventionally assessed in terms of their impact on the human and (3) _________________
natural system.
These impacts would in turn, relate sustainable development (4)
largely through their implication on the opportunities for economic
development and development planning, on access to resources
and on the distributional effects, especially on the most poor across
regions and income groups. Research conducting on the impact of (5) _________________
climate change shows that developing countries are probable to (6) _________________
bear the brunt as they have fewer resources for coping with the
adverse change. In India, climate change could add the additional (7) _________________
stress on ecological and socio-economic systems are already (8) _________________
facing tremendous pressures due to rapid urbanization,
industrialization and economic development. Though the economy (9) _________________
is closely tied tx) its natural resource base, India with its huge and
growing population is considerately vulnerable to the impact of (10) _________________
climate change.
j I 、
’完成曰期 [用 时 | 错误数置统iT|
备忘笔记:
• 173 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是气候变化和印度经济可持续发展之间的关系。对于像印度这样的发展中国家来说,其生态系统
和社会经济系统已面临快速城市化、工业化和经济增长的压力,而气候变化带来的压力更大,因此应对气候变化的
影响既是挑战又是机遇。印度的经济发展以自然资源为基础,所以很容易受到气候变化的影响把气候变化问题纳
人现有的发展政策,印度将可以有效地应对减缓和适应气候变化的挑战,也可以实现可持续发展。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. present—presents语法错误。此句的主语是动名同 用在It is like丨y that句型中,也可以用于be likely
短语responding to...,故谓语动词应该用单数形式。 to do结构中 表示“可能做",此处的意思是“发展中
,
2. ineffectively >‘‘<:以 丨> 语篇错误。此句用了 〇{: 国家可能首当其冲%
1111 6 11
only... but also...结构表示前后意思的递进,后面说 7. t h e 语法错误。stress意为“压力”,为抽象名
到“可以实现可持续发展”,是往好的方向发展,故可 词,除用于特指含义外,the—般不用在抽象名词前面,
以确定前面也是好的有利的方面,应该把否定意义 此处泛指气候变化会给生态系统和社会经济体系增加
的词ineffectively改为effectively,意为“印度不仅 额外的压力,没有特指的含义,故不用定冠词the。
可以有效地应对减缓和适应气候变化的挑战。”
8•八are -that/which语法错误。此句前面已经有了谓
3. 丨heir-+its语篇错误。此处指代的是句子前面的 语could add,此处的are只能是从句的谓语,其先
climate change,应该用单数,表示“气候变化的影 行词是 ecological and socioeconomic systems,
响”〇 在从句中作主语,故关系代词不能省略补上。
4. relate /\ -to词汇错误。relate作及物动词意为“讲述; 9. Though •As/Because/Since语篇错误。根据上下文
把……联系起来”,形式多为relate stk to...,此处不
语义判断,句间的逻辑关系应该是因果关系。前句说
符合这种形式。relate to为固定搭配,意为“与……
到印度的经济与自然资源紧密相联,后句则说易受
有关;涉及”,此处要表达的意思是“气候变化的影响
气候变化的影响,前者分析了原因,故应该用表示原
进而与经济的可持续发展有关”,故应该加上to。 因的引导词来替换Though注意,这里不能用for
5. conducting -*conduc丨ed语法错误。此处分词短语作后 来表示原因,因为for引导的原因状语从句一般放
H 定语修饰Research,conduct与被修饰同Re 在主句的后面。
search 之间是被动关系, 故应该改为过去分词 10. considerate丨.v—considerablj,词汇错误。consider
conducted, 相当于定语从句 which/that is con ately 意为" 体贴地 ”, considerably 意为“ 相当地 ,非
ducted, 意为“ 对气候 变化的 影响所 做的研 究”。 常”,此句的意思是“人口日益增长的印度非常容易
6. probable likely 词汇错误。probable 表示“可能的”, 受到气候变化的影响。”故应该用considerably,符
只能用在It is probable that句型中,而丨ikely既可 合上下文语义。
r
ecological /.eka'lodjikal/ a. 生态的 socio-economic /sauJieu.iika'nDmik/ a. 社会经济(学)的
urbanization /.aibdnai'zeijan/ n .城市化 industrialization /in.dAstrialai'zeiJdn/ /i.工业化
语 weave /wi:v/ v.(与into连用)编入,编进 fabric /*faebrik/ /i.结构,组织
境 mitigation /.miti geijan/ n. 缓解,减轻 sustainable /s^steinabl/ a•可持续的
词
implication /.impli'keijan/ /i.卷人,牵连 be likely to 可能
汇
bear the brunt首当其冲 adverse /*sedv3:s/ a.不利的
tremendous /tri'mendas/ a 巨大的 vulnerable /VAlnardbl/ a•易受攻击的
)
. 174 •第 三 章 100 篇标准改错训练
Passage 7lJ
Women were more likely than men to report having
understandings about safer behavior, such as agreeing not to get
drunk (23 percent of women compared to 14 percent of men). About
twice many women as men reported agreements with friends not to (1)
have dangerous relationships with someone new during break (17
percent compared to 8 percent).
“Students went on a spring break trip were nearly four times as (2)
likely as other students to engage to binge drinking," said (3)
developmental psychologist Megan Patrick, lead author of the paper
and a Faculty Research Fellow at the University of Michigan
Institute for Social Research. 4< Understandings students had with
their friends were also important predictors of alcoholic use/* (4)
Patrick and colleagues at Penn State surveyed 651 college
freshmen either before and after spring break. They were able to (5)
control for student behavior after spring break, which was (6)
a strong predictor of behavior during break.
According to the study, about 31 percent of 651 college
freshmen surveying reported binge drinking during spring break. (7)
MIt*s important to encourage young people to talk with their friends
being safe during spring break,” Patrick said. u Agreeing that (8)
they won't drink too much may have an important protected effect (9)
It*s also important to talk about looking out for each other in case of (10)
someone does drink too much.n
(^完成曰期 用时 错误数量统计I 1
备忘笔记:
• 175 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是如何减少学生放假期间的危险行为,据调査,对于放假期间的安全行为女性比男性史了解:如不
喝醉.发展心理学家Patrick指出,“学生和他们朋友之间的约定成为他们假期喝酒的1 要预测因素。”另外,学生
春假前能够控制f丨己的行为,也是预测他们假期行为的一个1 要W 素 Patric k指出“要鼓励年轻人和他们的朋友
谈论假期的安全,并且要互相监督,以免喝酒过ft,这很重耍。”
♦ 答案详解♦
1. Aman.v us语法错误<;此处是“倍数+a&„as••同级比较 6. after ►before 语篇错误。下文的 strong predictor
结构.意为“声称与朋友都同意在放假期间不与陌生 示此处的动作应该发生在句末的during break之
人存在危险关系的女性是男性的两倍(17%比8%)。” 前,才有可能预示假期行为,故after应改成before
2. 八 went_*who/that 或 went -going 语法错误。此句 此句意思是“他们要有控制学生存假前行为的能力,
的谓语是were,所以went应该是定语从句中的谓 这是预测学生假期行为的一个1 要因素。”
语,先行is] students在从句中充当主语,故要用关系 7. surveying 'surveyed语法错误。此处分词作后置定
代词who或that引导.或荇把went改为非谓语形 语修饰college freshmen,二者之间是被动关系,故
式,因其与主语students之间是主动关系,故可以改 应该用过去分词surveyed,相当于从句who were
为现在分词going, surveyed〇
3. (engage) to—in 词汇错误。engage to 表示“与... 8. 八being *abou丨词汇错设。这里现在分词being safe...
汀娇”,而此处是指“参与过tt喝酒'engage in表示
并不是作伴随状语,全文的主题足如何减少学生假
"参加”,符合文意,故将to改成in。 期的危险行为,可知此处“春假期间保持安全”应该
4. alcoholic^alcohol 词汇错误。alcoholic 作形容同,意 是谈话的内容,故应加上about, talk with sb.
为“含洒楮的”,此处要表达的意思是“使用酒怙,喝洒”, about表示“与某人谈论……”。
故应该用alcoho丨符合语义,此处用名词alcohol作 9. pro丨ected *protecUve 词汇错误 protected 作形容
..,
定语,相当于use of alcohol
词有被动的含义.意为“受保护的”,protective意为
5. either *both语篇错误。此句的意思是“Patrick和同 “保护的,防护的”,此处意为“有ffi要的保护作用”,
事分别在放假前和放假后对651名大一学生进行了 故应改为protective..
调査。”故应该用both... and...结构,表示“两者
10. of— 或of ‘that词汇错误。in case of为固定搭
都……”。注意,此处不可改为either... or...结构,表
配,是介词短语,后接名词、动名词或代词等,in
示二者中的一个,意为“要么……要么……"。根据卩
case (that)作短语连间,可以引导状语从句,其中
文语义,此调査要对照受试齐放假前的行为和放假 that可以咨掉,此处后面接的是句子,故应该用短
期间的行为,因此放假前后都应该进行调杏。
语连词。
r
behavior /bi heivja/ /I.行为,举止 relationship /ri’leijanjip/ n•关系
语 spring break 春假 engage in 参加
境
binge /bind / 大吃大喝,狂饮 psychologist /sai kol9d3ist/ /I•心理学者
词 3
predictor /pri'dikta/ /I•起预报作用的卞物 alcohol /selkehol/ n.
汇
protective /pra’tektiv/ a• 保护的,防护的 in case 万一
V J
• 176 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 72|
The government’s continuing failure to address our nation* s
gut-wrenching unemployment stems from a fundamental
disagreement over how jobs are created in the first place.
We are now in the third year of policies predicated on the
assumption that government spending creates jobs. We have been (1)
squandered three years and trillions of dollars of the nation* s
wealth on such policies, and they have not worked so they cannot (2)
work. Government cannot ii\ject a single dollar into the economy if (3)
it has first taken that same dollar out of the economy.
True, we can see the job that is saved or created when the
government puts that dollar back into the economy. That we can’t (4)
see clearly are the jobs that are destroyed or prevented from
forming because government has first taken that dollar out of the
economy. We see those millions of lost jobs in a chronic
unemployment rate and a stagnating economy.
Government can transfer jobs from the production sector to (5)
the government sector by taking money from one and giving it to
the other. That’s the heart of the president’s plan to spend billions (6)
of dollars to hire more teachers and firefighters than police (7)
officers. But these temporal government jobs come at a steep (8)
price: every dollar spent on sustaining one of these jobs is a dollar (9)
taken from the same capital pool that would otherwise have been
available to productive businesses to invest creating permanent (10)
jobs.
完成曰期 用时 错误数量统计
备忘笔记:
• 177 •专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是美闽就业。政府在解决失业问题上的持续失败泞先源于对工作是如何创造的存在根本分歧。以通
过政府花钱来创造1:作为基础所制定的政策现在已经执行到了第三年,已经浪费了三年的时间和数万亿美元,
但这些政策还没冇奏效,在长期的失业率和停滞的经济中有数以百万人失业。政府把生产性行业的就业机会转移
到政府部门,但这些临时X 作是以高额的代价换来的:生产性企业本来可以用这些钱来创造稳定的T.作。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. b e e n 语法错误此句中 have been squan 6. That’s八…at词汇错误。at the heart of为间定搭
dered 是现 在完成 时的被 动语态 ,而 squander 与主 配,怠为“关键.核心",此句的意思是“这是总统计划
语we之间是主动关系,故应该去掉been,此句的意 的核心。”
思是“我们在此类政策上已经浪费了三年的时间和 7. than-»and间汇错误。此句前面出现了比较级more,
数万亿美元。”
但并不是将 teachers and firefighters 和 police
2. so—because语篇错误。根据上下文语义判断,句间 officers进行比较,三者是并列的关系。这里省略了
的逻辑关系应该是因果关系,前句说到“这些政策还 比较对象,但其实是傘现在和以前相比,故应改为
没有奏效”,后句则说“他们不能奏效”,后者是前者 and,表达的意思是“雇佣更多的老师、消防员和筲
的原因,而不是结果,故应改为表示原因的连词 察。”
because,
8•丨empora卜*1emporary词汇错误。temporal作形容
3. if inti丨语篇错误。if引导条件状语从句,放在此处 词,表示••时间的;世俗的”,放在此处语义不通,
语义不通,根据上下文判断,ir\ject a single dollar temporary意为“暂时的,短暂的”,此句要表达的意
应该发生在take that same dollar out之前,二者 思是“这些暂时性的政府部门T.作是以高额的代价
是时间的先后关系,且前句用了否定词cannot,故应 换来的。”故应该用temporaiy,符合上下文语义。
该用until构成not_.. until,表示“直到..才”。
9. o n ~ W 或on—In词汇错误。表示“在……上花费(时
4. That *Wha丨语法错误。此处是主语从句,引导词在 间、金钱等)”,常用句型spend... on sth.,介词on
从句中充当see的宾语,而that不能在主语从句中 后接名词或代词;若表示“花费(时间、金钱等)做某
充当成分,故应改为关系代词What: 事' 则常用句型spend... (in) doing sth•,此处是第
5. production .productive 词汇错误。production 二种用法,介词in可以宵略,也可以保留。
sector指的是生产部门,通常是企业里负责生产的 10. invest A —》in词汇错误invest作及物动同,表示
—个部门,放在此处不符合上下文语义,这里是 “投资(钱、时间等T, invest in为固定搭配,表示
相对于government sector “政府部门”而言的一个 “在……上投资”,此句的意思是“生产性企业本来
概念,应该是productive sector,表示“生产性行业” 可以用那些钱投人到创造稳定的工作当中。”
此句的意思是“政府可以把生产性行业的就业机会转
移到政府部门。"
address /‘dres/ 解决 gut-wrenching /gAt'rentJirj/ a•极度痛苫的
stem from 源于 fundamenta丨 /.fAndamental/ a.基本的,根本的
语 assumption /a sAmpJan/ n. 假定 squander /"skwmda/ v/•浪费
境 trillion /tnljan/ n. HiL inject /in'd ekt/ vf•投人
词 3
chronic /*kmnik/ a.长久的 stagnating /*staegneitif]/ a•停滞的
汇
steep /sti:p/ a•(价格等)过高的 be available to 可用于...
productive /pra’dAktiv/ a.生产性的 permanent /*p3:manant/fl.永久(性)的,固定的
V
• 178 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage
For days, Beying has been trapped under a blanket of
yellow-brown dust that the U.S. Embassy air monitor classifies, in
its hourly reading, “hazardous.” Laving under Beijing skies, one (1)
has come to expect an incremental uptick in the number
of officially declared “blue sky” day each year. (2)
Nearly two years after the world failed to achieve a decisive
climate change deal in Copenhagen, and we’ve become used to (3)
many of what we read about the human effects of carbon (4)
emissions. Orville Schell, the author and the journalist who heads (5)
the Center on U.S.-China Relations at the Asia Society, has written
repeated about the need for global cooperation on climate change. (6)
44As a writer, I felt that what I wrote had limited effect,he told me
recently, “so we decided to try a different approach: Let’s do it in a
visual way.”
The results are in display now at the Three Shadows (7)
Photography Art Centre in Beying, and, with luck, it will be near (8)
you soon. “Coal + Ice” is a documentary exhibition
encompassing works by thirty photographers around the world. (9)
It seeks to doing something unprecedented: to chart the horrific (10)
grandeur of our effects on the planet, from the coal mines beneath
our feet to the dwindling glaciers on our highest mountains. The
images chosen by curators Jeroen de Vries and Susan Meiselas
describe a spectrum that is vast in aesthetics and geography.
f I I I J
完成日期 用时 错误数 1 统计丨
备忘笔记:
\______________________________________________________________________________________ /
• 179 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是环境污染摄影展。一连几天,北京都被黄渴色的灰踩笼眾着。每年,北京市民都期待着官方宣布
的空气质W 指数能有所好转。然而,在哥本哈根世界气候大会未能就气候变化达成协议的两年中,人们已经习惯T
听到各种有关人类排放二氧化碳对环境造成影响的报道。奥维尔•谢尔说:“作为一个作家,我觉得我所起的作用非
常有限,所以我们决定尝试一种不同的方法去应对环境污染.ih我们以一种视觉的方式去展示它”。这一想法的结
果就是目前正在北京三影堂摄影艺术中心展出的摄影作品。
♦ 答案详解♦
1• 八"hazardoas”-»as词汇错误。本句的动词classify 6. repeated-»repeatcdly语法错误。此处川来修饰动同
通常用在classify sth. as sth.结构中,意为“把... written, 所以应该川repeated的副词形式repeat
划分为……”,用在此处,意思为“美国大使馆空气监 edly。
测器将这种灰箱天气划为‘危险’等级"。
7. in wn词汇错误。on display是固定词组,意为•‘展
2. day—days词汇错误。此处“官方宣布的每年‘蓝天’ 览,公开展出",符合上下文的意思。
日的数M "不可能只有一天,所以不能用单数形式,
8. U—they语篇错误。此处指代的是上文提到的
应改为days。
results,是一个鉍数形式的词,所以应该用复数概念
3. and— 语法错误。本句应该是一个带有时间状语 的代词they,.,
从句的复合句.after引导的是时间状语从句,逗号
9. works—work词汇错误。work表示“作品”时,有时
之后是主句,所以此处的and是多余的。
可数,有时不可数,其K 别是:若表示人们用手工制
4. many -much词汇错误。介词of之后的部分what
作的东西,如工艺品、针钱活、刺绣品等,则不可数;
we read about... carbon emissions 意为“我们所
若表示文学家、艺术家、音乐家等的“作品”、“著作”
阅读到的有关人类排放二氧化碳对环境造成的影
等,则可数。此处名词前面有a,所以不需要用复数
响”,相当于一个不可数意义的名词,所以of之前也
形式。
应该用一个表示不可数意义的代词。
10. doing—*do语法错误。seek to表示“追求;争取",其
5. the (journalist)---tb^词汇错误。此处 the author and
川法是seek to do sth,to后面接动㈤原形。
the journalist作Orville Schell的同位语,所指的是
一个人,而author和journalist是这个人的两种身
份,所以应共用一个定冠同。
trap /trsep/ vt 使...陷入 embassy /*embesi/ /i•大使馆
hazardous /"haezadaz/ a. 危险的 incremental/inkn'mentdl/〇« 增加(置,值)的
uptick /*Aptik/ n•上升 declare /di’klea/ vt 宣布
decisive /di’saisiv/ fl.决定性的 climate change 气候变化
语 Copenhagen /.kaupanheigan/ /i.哥本哈根 carbon emission二氧化碳排放
境
词 limited /limitid/ a. 有限的 approach /a’prautJV /i•方法
汇
visua丨/Vi ual/ a. 符得见的 photography •摄影
3 /fa tngrafi/ /i
encompass /in’kAmpas/ v•包含 unprecedented /An'presidentid/ a, 空前的
grandeur /*graend a/ n•宏伟 dwindle vi••减少
3 /"dwindl/
glacier /glaesia/ /I•冰川 curator
/kjua’reita/ /i
•(博物馆等)馆长
spectrum /spektram/ n. 范闹 aesthetics
/i:s’0etiks/
/i•美学
• 180 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 74j
Universalization of education has been a policy priority, but it
still remains an unfulfilled dream. As a consequence, the spread of
secondary education is quite limited and higher education is
available to a small percentage of the population. The country has,
therefore, progressed very well in the field of technical education (1)
both quantitatively and qualitatively. During recent times, India
has lain great stress on modernization and technological (2)
advancement in education, and has contributed amazingly to
high-skilled manpower in software and information technology.
Despite our limited endeavours in other sphere of education, (3)
India manages its own affairs on its own in almost all
the areas, and does not, in no way, depend on foreign expertise. (4)
On the other hand, it provides ail kinds of manpower to other (5)
countries. In terms of policy, India had continued with the colonial
education system of the British rulers till about 1968, when the
Government had announced its first National Education Policy,
in which was in accordance with the requirements of the country, (6)
but there was big gap between the policy and practice due to many (7)
natural and man-made bottlenecks.
Another National Policy on education was announced in
1986, which, amongst other things, emphasized qualitative
improvement, essential in higher and technical education; (8)
vocationalisation of secondary education; development of regional
languages. This policy revised in 1992, and was in line with the (9)
earlier policy, but it far added to the inconsistencies and (10)
contradictions between the stated goals and actual policy, on the
one hand, and between stated goals and resource allocation, on the
other.
• 181 •专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是印度的教育发展。教育普及化是印度优先考虑的政策,但仍然是一个未了的梦想,中等教育的普
及相当有限.高等教育的人口比例很小,但技术教t 进展得非常好。印度近期着重发展教育现代化和技术进步,贡
献了大批软件和信息技术高技能人才。印度独立管理自己的事务,不依赖外国专门技术,同时向其他闰家输送了各
类人力。印度在1968年和1986年分别颁布了全国教育方针,但由于多方面的原因,政策和实践之间存在着R 大的
差距。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. therefore—-however语篇错误。由上下文语义判断, 意为“给某人提供某物”,此句的意思是“印度为其他
此句与前句在意义上应是转折关系,前句说,中等教 各国提供了各种人力资源。”
育的普及很有限,高等教育只有少部分人能享受;本 6. in (which)—〆语法错误。此处是非限制性定语从句,
句说职业教育发展得很好,二者形成对照,故用表转 关系代词which指代前面整句话,故不需要介词in,
折意义的however替换therefore。
7. 八big—a语法错误。gap作名词意为“差距”,是可数
2. lain—Maid间汇错误。丨ain是lie的过去分词,表示
名词,且在文中是第一次提到,故前面应该加上不定
“躺;处于”,放在这里明显不合句意,此处是lay 冠词a。
stress on的结构,表示“强调”,故应该改成lay的
8. essential—essentially语法错误。此处应该用副词修
过去分词laid,,
饰介间短语,故应改为essentially.意为"根本上.基
■3. sphere-ipheres间汇错误。other作形容同表示“別
本上”。
的,另外的”,通常与复数名同连用,故应把sphere
9. A re vised—was语法错误。此句主语policy和谓语
改为 spheres。
revise是被动关系,故用被动i/丨态,加上was.,
4. no—► any词汇错误。in no way是固定搭配,意为
10. far ^further词汇错误far作副间意为“很,极大
“决不,无论如何也不”,in any way意为“以任何方
地”,前一段的末句已经提到了政策和实践之间有
式,在任何方面”,此句是否定句,故用in any way
了很大的差距,此句说到政策得到修改,但却加深
这里的意思是“印度独立管理自己的事务,在任何方
了确定的目标和实际政策及资源分配之间的不一
面都不依赖外国专业知识。” 致性和矛盾,故此处应该用far的比较级further,
5. to -for词汇错误。provide sth. for sb.是间定搭配, 表示“更进一步”。
universalization /,ju:niva:S9lai’zeiJan/ /I. —般化,普遍化 priority /prai’nriti/ w•优先
be available to可被...利用或得到的 quantitatively /kwontitativli/ 似/• 数tt 上
qualitatively /"kwDlitativli/ 似/.质量上 lay stress on把重点放在...
语 modernization /.mndanai zeijan/ n .现ft化 contribute to有助于,促成
境 manpower /maenpaua/ n. A tj endeavour /in’deva/ /i. 努力
词
sphere /sfi a/ n .范围,领域 in any way以任何方式
汇
expertise /•eksp3:'ti:z/ n•专门知识(或技能等) colonial /ka'leunial/ a.殖民地的
in accordance with 与...一致 bottleneck /botlnek/ /f• 瓶颈,障碍
inconsistency /.inkan'sistansi/ n .矛盾 contradiction /.kontra’dikjan/ /I•矛盾,不一致
V : J
. 182 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
P a ssa g e 75|________________________________________________________
Despite all of the advances in medicine, healthcare providers
have never been on the cutting edge of new business and
marketing practices. The industry is risk adverse and is more likely
to be a late adopter. It’s not surprising then that a new report in (1) _____________
which lists the top social media industries ranks hospitals and
healthcare clinics in the bottom 10, joining by automobile parts (2) _____________
stores and lumber and wood production. But healthcare on a whole (3) _____________
is not completely behind in the recent report. Biotechnology and
pharmaceuticals tied for 29th place out of 50 most social (4) ____________
industries.
The report looked at “social presence,” the number of
employees registered with social media profiles on Twitter,
Linkedln or Facebook using a corporate email address; and “social
connectedness,M the number of connections across social networks.
Given this scoring method, it’s understanding why hospitals would (5) _____________
rank low. Hospitals and other providers have not encouraged
employees to represent it on social media platforms or actively (6) _____________
participated in social media. But this doesn't mean the industry has (7) _____________
not adopted social media In fact, hospitals have made greater (8) _____________
strides in using social media to connect with patients and
consumers.
Healthcare may still be in catch-up mode compared to other
more social industries, but advances being made by health systems
and physician groups are insignificant. When healthcare moves (9) _____________
beyond talking and, instead, uses social media to engage with (10) ____________
patients, employees and consumers, the impact on people* s lives
will be phenomenal and, possibly, life-saving.
广完成曰期丨 1用时| 1错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
V__________________________________________________________________ J
. 183 .专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是卫生保健领域社会媒体运用的滞后。尽管医学科技不断进步,但医疗单位在业务和背销实践上
还从未处于过领先优势地位。一份新的报告依据“社会存在”和“社会关系”两个指标,把医院和医疗诊所排在社会
媒体行业的最后10名,但整个医疗行业其实并不完全锅后。事实上,医院在使用社会媒体连接患者和消费者方面
已经有了很大的进步,尽管相比其他的社会企业,医疗保健可能还处于追赶模式,但卫生保健制度和医生所取得的
进步是巨大的。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. in—〆语法错误。这里的which是关系代词,指代 7. participated ^participate 语法错误。这里动词 par
report,在定语从句中作主语,意为“一份列出了最佳 ticipate 是跟 represent 并列 ,而不是跟 encouraged
社会媒体行业的新报告”。因此in在这里是多余的,
并列,意为“医院和其他的供应商并没鼓励员工在社
应删除。 会媒体平台上代表它们,或积极参与社会媒体”,故
2. joining—► joined语法错误。此处的分词短语作定语, participated 应改成 participate,
修饰 hospitals and healthcare clinics, join 与被修 8. greater-great词汇错误。前文分析了医院等医疗单
饰词是被动的关系,所以应该用过去分词joined,相
位在社会媒体企业中排名靠后,前一句转折,表示这
当于一个定语从句which are joined by...。
并不意味医药行业没有采用社会媒体,本句进一步解
3. on ^as词汇错误。as a whole是固定搭配,表示 释医院車实上在使用社会媒体连接患者和消费#方
“作为整体,总体上”。注意,还有另一个短语on the 面已经有了很大的进步。从上下文来看,本句并没有
whole,表示“总的来说”,通常是对前面所陈述的内容 比较的含义,因此要用原级great
作总结。这句话要表达的意思是“卫生保健领域整体 9. insignificannignificant 语篇错误。此句用了 but,
上并不完全靠后”,故此处要用as a whole。
说明前后是转折关系,可以推断后半句要表达的意
4. 八50—the语法错误。此处most social是最卨级, 思是“卫生保健制度和医生所取得的进步是1 大
表示“最具有社会性的”,前面应该加上定冠词the。 的"。而且第二段最后一句话也阐明了医院在使用社
5. understanding—^understandable 词汇错误〇 under- 会媒体方面已经有了很大的进步。因此应该用
standing意为“体谅的,通情达理的”.understand- significant
able意为“能慷的,可以理解的"。此句的意思是“鉴 10. w i t h 词汇错误。engage with 意为“与...
于这种计分方法,医院排名很低是可以理解的”。因 交战;搭合”。此句的意思是“当医疗单位利用社会
此应该用 understandable 媒体使病人、员T.和消费者参与进来,人们的生活
6. it…them语法错误。这里指代的是Hospitals and 将受到巨大的影响”因此要用engage sb.,表示
other providers (医院和其他的供应商),因此应该 “使某人参加或从亊某琪”。
用复数形式them来替代。
despite 尽管 edge /ed3/ n•优势,优越地位
adverse /*aedv3: s/ a.不利的,有害的 adopter /adopta/ /I•养父母
语
lumber /*lAmb9/ /!•木材 as a whole作为整体
境
词 biotechnology /.baiautek’nDladsi/ "•生物丁艺学 pharmaceuticals /•fa:ma’sju:tikalz/ /i•药品
汇 profile /*praufail/ /!• 简介,概况 stride /straid/ n•【常p/L]进展,进步
physician /fi’zijan/ /I.医生 phenomenal /fi nDminal/ a•非凡的
V J
• 184 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 2£|
People tend to struggle when learning another language,
especially if they are exposed only it while attending classes. (1)
You must study a language for at least an hour or two each day
if you really want to achieve proficiency. Some people cannot
realistically achieve these goals in a formal language
classroom if they have busy schedules to work. Educational (2)
language software for computer-based learning is very useful
in such cases.
Computer software programs can help developing reading (3)
comprehension in a foreign language. Most language
programs provide reading exercises and quizzes of test (4)
comprehension. Programs teach you how to read basic
vocabulary words first, and followed by more advanced (5)
phrases. If you are ready, computer applications allow you to (6)
read sentences and paragraphs and then test your
comprehension of the content. As formal classroom exams (7)
revised over the course of an entire week, computer software
provides immediate correction of reading comprehension
errors. This reinforces retention of the subjects covered in a
lesson unit.
Learning how to write with a language learning program on
a computer is fair easy. Typing applications help students (8)
take what they have learned from reading lessons and practice
writing on their own. Because a computer-based student will (9)
miss out on the benefit of having a teacher review his writing
and provide feedback, many computer programs automatically
correct and revise the writing exercises for the student can see (10)
where mistakes were made. Language software discourages
bad writing habits by correcting errors immediately.
185专八改错,
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论语言学习软件的用处。如果想要梢通外语,每天都必须花上一到两个小时坚持学习。对于繁忙的上班
族而言,这无疑是一种不切实际的要求。值得庆幸的是,现在市场上出现了很多适合外语学习的电脑学习软件,帮
助学生攻克读写难关,并且这些软件的实际操作也相当简笮。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. exposed A - 同汇错误。本题考査的是be ex 可知此处表示时间,与and then构成时间先后顺序,
posed to sth.的间定搭配,to不可以肖略,表示“接 应该把丨f改成W h e n 根据主句的allow you...也吋
触某事或某人”。 知丨f不对,因为若条件状语从句为一般现在时,主句
2. work A --around词汇错误。work在句中搭fid的宾 —般用将来时,故应该是will allow you...才对。
语是busy schedules,由于work是不及物动词,故 7. As—Unlike语篇错误„此处讲“正式课堂考试温习的
work后接宾语必须要加介词,表示“围绕繁忙的工 是一整个星期的功课",接着却讲“电脑软件给阅读
作进程T.作”,需加介词around。 理解提供即时改正”,强调的是正式课堂考试与电脑
3. deve丨oping--develop 词汇错误。help (to) do sth.是 软件的不同,故应把As改成Unlike。
固定用法,表示“帮助做某事”,只有在否定形式 8. fair—fairly语法错误。fair可以作名词、副词和形容
can’t help doing sth.日子.help后面才接动名间形 词,此处放在形容词easy前,应该用副词来修饰
式,表示“情不自禁做某*r ’。此处表示"电脑软件程 fair作副词表示“公平地.公正地”,放在此处不符合
序可帮助开发外语阅读能力”,应该把developing改 语义。故改为以-ly结尾的副词fairly意为“相当”
, ,
成 develop 〇 整句的意思是"学会如何在电脑上使用语言学习程
4. of—*to词汇错误。本题考査的是provide sth. to 序来书写是相当简单的”。
do sth.的用法。句中的test —词既可以作名词也可 9. Because *While逻辑错误。本句前半句是讲语H学
作动词,此题所在短语含义应为“提供阅读练习和测 习软件的弊端,后半句是讲它的好处,前后形成转折
验来检验理解程度”,所以test在句中为动词。因此,
关系,所以应该用连词Whiles而不是用表示因果关
of应改为to。
系的 Because
5. and—jjHtf语法错误。此处分词结构followed by
10. foi— so语篇错误。“学生可以#到错误出现在什么
more advanced phrases作独立成分,修饰前面的
地方”是“电脑程序f丨动修正写作练习”的结果,此
主句,故不需加and.,
处是前因后果,故应该用so来引出结果
6. 丨f-»When语法错误。根据下文出现的and then...
proficiency /pra’fij ansi/ /I•熟练 comprehension /•knmpri’henj'an/ /i•理解(力)
语 quiz /kwiz/ /i.小测验 application /.aepli'keij an/ n. fSffl
境
correcUon /ka’rekjan/•修正 reinforce /.ri: in’f3: s/ W•增强
词
汇 retention /ri’tenj an/ n•保留 miss out 遗漏
feedback /fkdbaek/ /i•反馈 automatically /o:temaetikli/ 似/•自动地
V J
. 186 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 77j
“Art does not solve problems, but makes us aware of
their existence,” sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz has said.
Arts education, on the other hand, does not solve problems. (1)
Years of research shows that it’s closely linked to almost
anything that we as a nation say we want for our children and (2)
demand to our schools: academic achievement, social and (3)
emotional development, civic engagement, and equitable
opportunity.
Involvement in the arts is associated with gains in math,
reading, cognitive ability, critical thinking, and verbal skill.
Arts learning can also improve motivation, concentration,
confidence, and teamwork. A report by the Rand Corporation
about the visual arts argue that the intrinsic pleasures and (4)
stimulation of the art experience have more than sweeten an (5)
individual* s life—according to the report, they M can connect
people more deeply to the world and open them in new ways (6)
of seeing,” creating the foundation to forge social bonds and
community cohesion. And strong arts programming in schools
helps close a gap that has left many child behind: From (7)
Mozart for babies to tutus for toddlers to family trips to the
museum, the children of affluent, aspired parents generally get (8)
exposed to the arts whether or not public schools provide it (9)
Low-income children, often, do not. M Arts education enables
those children from a financially challenged background to
have a more level playing field with children who have had
those enrichment experience,** says Eric Cooper, president and (10)
founder of the National Urban Alliance for Effective Education.
曰期丨 「用 时 | 1 错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
187专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是艺术教育的作用。雕頌家玛格德琳娜认为“艺术不能解决任何问题,但却让我们意识到它们的存
在”艺木教疗苻似没有作用,然而多年的研究则表明艺术教台'几乎与所有我们希®孩子达到的目标紧密相关参与
艺术可以提a 我们的数学、阅读、认知、批判性思维和语言表达等多方而的能力,艺术学习还能够提高我们的n 我激
励、专注程度、A信心和合作楮神。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. not— 篇错误 on the other hand 表W 转折, 6. in~^o词汇错误。open sb. to sth.表示“让某人对某
表明其所在句子的含义与上句意思相反。上句引用 物大开眼界",此处表示“内在快乐和艺术经历的激
了雕瓚家认为艺术无用的看法,此句根据逻辑应表 励使得人们用新的方式符待问题”,in应改成to
达的是艺术教舒有H1,下文的论述进一步验证了这 7. child—►chi丨dren 或 many 八―a 同 汇 错 many 修
一点。故应删掠not,此处does作助动间,表强调
饰可数名同复数形式,很明M 此处child不对,应改
2. anything—► everything词汇错误。本题考査的是 成children, 或在many后面加a,many a +可数名
everything 和 anything 的区別,almost 后面要跟 词单数形式,也表示“许多的”。
everything,表示肯定c almost everything 在ift义上
8. aspired —aspiring词汇错误。此处作形容词,与
可等同于anything
affluent —起修饰parents,表氺“富裕的、冇大志的
3. to~>from语篇错误to表指向,这里demand(要求)应 父母”,aspiring表示“有大志(抱负)的”,符合语义。
该是“来自”我们的学校,而不是针对我们的学校。故改为
9. it—them语法错误。此处指代的是该句中的the
from,与 and 前的 we want for our children —起
arts,应该用them来指代。
表示“我们对孩子的期望以及来自学校的要求"。
10. experience—experiences 间汇错误。此处指“家境
4. argue—argues语法错误,,此句主语是A report,故
裕的孩子比穷人家的孩子所拥有的丰富经历”,
谓语动同应该相应地用第三人称单数形式,argue应
experience作“经历” i并时,是可数名词,作“经验”
改成argues
讲时,才是不可数名词,根据前面的修饰词those
5. have—do 同汇错误。do more than...“做得比... 可知此处要把experience改成experiences, 作“经
多”,或者表示“效用远比……大”。此处表示“不只是 历”讲0
使一个人的生活变得更甜蜜。”
existence /ig zistans/ /!•存在 sculptor /skAlpta/ />•_ 刻家
civic /*sivik/ a.公民的 engagement /irVgeid3mant/ /i.承 iK
equitab丨e /ekwitabl/ a•公平的 involvement /involvmant/ n. # A
语
境 cognitive /kDgnitiv/ Af•认知的 intrinsic /in’trinsik/ a.内在的
词 stimulation /.stimju'leij an/ n. sweeten life增加人生趣味
汇
cohesion /kau'hi:3dn/ /i.凝聚力 tutu,tu:tu:/ n•芭蕾舞短裙
toddler /tndla/ n.刚学步的小孩 affluent /aefliwnt/ fl.富裕的,富足的
enrichment /in'ritj mant/ n . 丰富 alliance /a'laians/ w.联盟
J
• 188 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage JSj
While many nations have aging populations, Japan’s
demographic crisis is truly dire, with forecasts showing that 40
percent of the population will have been 65 and over in 2055. ⑴
Some of the consequences have been long foreseen, like
deflation: as more Japanese retire and live off their savings, they
spend more, further depressing Japan's anemic levels of domestic ( )
2
consumption. So a less anticipated outcome has been the ( )
3
appearance of generational inequalities.
These disparities manifest itself in many ways. There are ( )
4
corporations that hire all too many young people for
low-paying jobs—in effect, forcing them to shoulder the costs
of preserving cushier jobs to older employees. Others point to ( )
5
an underfinanced pension system so skewed in the favor of ⑹
older Japanese that many younger workers simply refuse to
pay; a “silver democracy” that spends far more on the elderly
than education and child care—an issue that is familiar to ⑺
Americans; and outdated hiring practices that have created a
new "lost generation** of disenfranchised youths.
Nagisa Inoue, a senior at Tokyo’s Meyi University, said she
was considering paying for a fifth year at her university rather
than graduate without a job, an outcome that in Japan’s rigid ( )
8
job market might permanently taint her chances of ever getting
a higher-paying corporate job. That is why Japanese ( )
9
companies, even when they do offer stable, regular jobs, prefer
to give them only to new graduates, which are seen as the (i〇)
more malleable candidates for molding into Japan's corporate
culture.
j
,完成日期 |用 时 | |错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
189专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论日本人口老龄化带来的社会问题。尽管很多国家都面临着人口老龄化的问题,但日本人口危机的程
度更为可怕。预测表明到2055年日本65岁及65岁以上的人将达到总人口的40%,这一状况将会引发很多社会问
题,比如通货紧缩,而更严® 的问题是年轻人和年纪大的人之间的不平等待遇。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. in七y词汇错误。本部分的意思是“预测显示到 6. t h e - 间汇错误。in favor of是固定搭配,表示
2055年全闰人口将有40%为65岁及65岁以上的老 “支持,赞同”,应删掉theu
年人”。考査的是介词by表示时间的用法,意为“到
7. 八education 语法错误。此处比较的对象是the
……时(为止)”或“最迟在……之前”,应该把in改 elderly 和 education and child care。the elderly
成by。 前面有on,用于spend... on...的结构,为保持前
2. more—less语篇错误。下文depressing —词说明曰 后形式_ 致,education and child care前也必须
有on,表示并列的比较关系。此句表示“‘银色民主’
本国内消费削弱,由此可推断那些依靠存款生活
的退休人员花得更少了,国内消费才会不景气,more 在老年人身上的花销要比在教育和儿童关爱上的多
应该改成less。 得多”。
3. So—Bu丨语篇错误。上文讲日本国内消费削弱,此处 8. graduate—► graduating语法错误 ^本题考査的是
rather than的用法。因为前文用的是动名词形式
讲年轻人和年纪大的人之间的不平等待遇出现,上
下文之间不存在因果关系,So不符合语境。a less paying for a fifth year,所以 rather than 后也要
anticipated outcome表明不平等待遇比消费削弱 用动名词形式,对比的对象应该保持形式一致。
更难预料到,此间存在转折关系,重点在于讲这种不 9. why ► because语篇错误。此处是解释Nagisa Inoue
平等待遇,要把So改成But。 继续待在校园的原因,但why引导的内容表示结
4. itself ’themselves 语法错误。此句主语 These
果,故应把why改成because:
disparities为复数形式,此处反身代词指代的就是主 10. which—who语法错误。本题考査的是非限制性定
语,故 itself 应改成 themselves。 语从句引导词which和who的区别,此处指代的
5. (jobs) to ■►forN汇错误。本题考査的是 preserve sth. 不是“日本公司”,而是“新毕业生”,所以应该用指
for sb.的用法,此处表示“将更轻松的工作留给老年 代人的who。
员工”,to应改成for。
, A
demographic /dema’graefik/ a•人 口统计学的 foresee /f3: si:/ v/.预见
deflat 丨 on /di'f lei Jan/ n•通货紧缩 live off靠 ...生活
anemic /9’ni:mik/ a.贫血的 domestic /da'mestik/ a .国内的
语
generational /.djenereijanal/ a .世代的 inequality /.inikwDlati/ /i.不平等
境
词 disparity /di’spaerati/ n•差异 in effect实际上
汇
cushy /kuji/tf.轻松的(比较级 cushier) underfinanced /./vndafai naenst/ a•资金短缺的
skew /skju:/ a•歪斜的 disenfranchise /.disin’fraentjaiz/ v•剥夺...公民权
taint/teint/v•(坏的因素)影响某事物 malleable /Vnaeliabl/ a .可塑的
V J
. 190 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 79 J
It was not so long ago that parents drove a teenager to
campus, said a tearful goodbye and returned back home to (1)
wait a week or so for a phone call to the dorm. Mom or Dad, (2)
in turn, might write letters—yes, with pens. On stationary. But (3)
going to college these days means never have to say goodbye, (4)
thanks to near-saturation of cellphones, email, instant
messaging, texting, Facebook and Skype. Researchers are
looking at how new technology may be delaying the point
which college-bound students truly become independent from (5)
their parents, and how phenomena such as the introduction of
unlimited calling plans have changed the nature of
parent-child relationships, and not always for the better.
Some research suggests that today's young adults are close (6)
to their parents than their predecessors. And it*s complicated (7)
Sherry Turkle, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology whose specialty is technology and relationships, calls this
a particular sort of “Huck Finn moment/’ in which Huck “takes her (8)
parents with him. We all sail down Mississippi together/* From the (9)
electronic grade monitoring many high schools offer parents,
it seems a small leap to keep electronic track of their (adult)
children* s schedules or to send reminders about deadlines or
assignments. Professors have figured out that some kids are
emailing papers home to parents to edit. And Skype and (10)
Facebook might be more than just chances to see a face that’s
missed at home; parents can peer into their little darling’s
messy dorm room or his messy social life.
i i
厂完成曰期 [用时| 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
191专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的M 科技对于在校孩子和父母之间沟通的影响。科技的发展使得上大学的孩子再也不必眼泪汪汗地
和父母说洱见了,手机、电子邮件、即时信息等等先进交流手段使得孩子和家长之间的距离不断缩短。与此同时,交
流手段的科技化也使得孩子走向独立的进程一拖冉拖。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. back- - tjadT阏汇错误return的意思相当于come bound students... parents at which point, 介间
back,此处back多余,故刪 at不能省略,
2. to—from语篇错误。上文提到“家长将孩子送往学 6. close—► closer词汇错误。根据后面的than—间,可
校,回到家一个多星期都在等待……"。句中的主语 知这里应该要填close的比较级形式。close为单
始终是parents,所以他丨I]不是等待打往帘舍的电 音节单词,比较级直接加r,不需要加more。
话,而是从宿舍打来的电话,故to应改成from。 7. And—But语篇错误。前文讲的是“通汛手段的多样
3. stationary—stationery间汇错误前文提到“父母可 化和加强使得父母和孩子之间的关系史加紧密,并
能会轮流用笔给孩子写信”。接下来强调是用信笺,为 且推迟孩子独立于父母的时间”,但后文提到It实
K 别于现在常用的“电子邮件"。stationaiy与 则复杂得多,接着就详细论证和解释了这一点。这
stationery是形近同,意思不同stationary作名id 一段和前文形成对照,应该用表示转折的连同But,
时指“固定物”,stationery为名词,意为“信笺”。 而不应该川And
4. have—having语法错误。此句的主语是动名词短语 8. her—»hisift篇'错误.,Huck Finn根据人名和文学常
going to college these days•谓语动i»J是 means,表 识可以判断出为男孩,且句中的with him中的
示“意味着”,后面盅接名词、代词或动名词形式。此 him已经提示了这一点。所以her应该改成his。
处have为动i>il,不 能 作 宾 ,故应该改为动名词 9. A Mississippi—the语法错误。此题考奄的是定冠词
having此句完整的意思为“但是现在上大学则意味 的用法。Mississippi (密西两比河)为独一无二的事
荇永远不用说再见”。 物,必须加the来修饰
5. Awhich--at 语法错误£11〇«^.„ the point.为宾语从 10. (home} t〇-*for 词汇错误。句末的 to edit 是 par-
句。此处which引导的是一个定语从句,该从句已 ents的动作,应该是学生发邮件给父母,让父母帮
有完整的主系表结构... become...,由先行词point 他们校订论文,应该用email sth. for sb. to do
可知which前要加上at,正常的语序应为college- sth.的形式,第一个to要改成for,
tearfu丨 /tiaful/ a .哭泣的 in turn轮流
stationery /steij anari/ n .信笼 saturation /.saetJVreiJ an/ /i•饱和
语
predecessor /priidisesa/ /i.丨W 辈 specialty /'spejalti/ n•专业
境
词 keep track of 记录 reminder /ri'mainda/ n .提解
汇
deadline /dedlain/ n•最后期限 assignment /a’sainmant/ n•作业
peer into 窥视 messy /*mesi/ a.凌乱的
V
. 192 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage i
|〇)
Apprenticeships have long been popular in Europe, but
workforce-oriented high school training is nearly as common in (1)
U.S. schools. One reason is that such programs sound dangerously
similar to track—sorting students by ability level, a practice (2)
repeatedly rejected in U.S. culture, by which the dominant (3)
philosophy is that all students should have opportunity to meet
their full potential.
If high schools were to advise students that some education
beyond high school is not necessary for everyone, “there’s little bit (4)
of a concern that... we’ re saying a lesser goal is OK for the
populations of students who have been historically least
well-served by high education,” says Jane Wellman, executive (5)
director of Delta Project, which studies higher education spending.
In recent years, male college-going and completion rates have
raised concerns. But those least well-serving historically are (6)
low-income and underrepresented majority students, who are less (7)
likely than their peels to pursue two- and four-year degrees, and (8)
most at risk of not completing coUege if they do enroll.
Some evidence suggest, though, that students already are being (9)
held to different standards. A recent national survey of high school
teachers by ACT Inc., the educational testing company, found 71%
agreed “completely" or “a great deal” that high school graduates
need the same set of skills and knowledge if they plan to go to (10)
college or enter the workforce, yet 42% said teachers reduce
academic expectations for students they perceive as not being
college-bound.
i j
广完成 日 期 用 时 | |错误数量统 计 |
备忘笔记:
193专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论美国高等教育之外的教育形式的可能性。学徒制在欧洲一直很受欢迎,但在美国却并非如此。美国向
来强调公平平等,坚持认为所有人都应该享有机会去充分发挥自己的潜能。一旦宣扬接受高等教育并非唯一选择,
少数弱势群体则可能继续万劫不复的弱势生活。然而,一些证据也表明,现实中学生已经受到双重标准的对待
♦ 答案详解♦
1. 八nearly—not语篇错误。文章第一句“学徒制在欧 诉学生不是每个人都有必要接受高中以上的教育,
洲一直很受欢迎”,紧接着用but转折,明显后半句 就意味着我们告诉那些长期得不到高等教育的人
表示相反含义那么言外之意,在美闰则没有那么受 群:低层次目标是可以接受的”。
欢迎„ 句中应该加上否定词not,, 6. well-serving—nvel丨-served 词汇错误。此处 those...
2. track—tracking语法错误。本句考丧的是短语be 指代的是某类学生,他们应该是“最不受待见”,应该
simi丨ar to的丨H法,to为介词,后面应该跟名词或动 用过去分词well-served,表“被对待的”。
名词。根据下文判断track在这里为动词,表示“追 7. majori丨y—^minority语篇错误。句中提到的是低收
踪,跟踪",所以应该加ing。
人、未被充分代表的学生。这些学生于少数群体而
3. by—in间汇错误。此句的介词by回归到定语从句 不是多数群体,应该改成minority。
中,其正常语序为 the dominant philosophy by 8. peels—pcers词汇错误^> peel作名词时意为“(蔬菜、
US culture is that...,显然介词错误,应该用in US 水果等的)皮”,放在此处语义不当。这里指的是少数
culture,意思为“在美国文化中"。
学生的“同龄者'故应该选用peel的形近词peer。
4. 八 词汇错误。本句考査的是little和a little
9. su明est ‘suggests 语法错误。主 Some evidence
的区别。前者表否定,后者表肯定。此句表达的是一 为不可数名词,谓语要用第三人称单数,故suggest
种肯定的意思:如果高中阶段就告诉学生不是每个
应加s。
人都有必要接受高中以上的教育,则可能会有一些
10. if-*whe丨her同汇错误。本句考査的是whether...
担忧,所以要加上a。a little bit表示“有一点”。
or的固定搭配。此处意为“不论他们是准备进大学
5. high—士igher词汇错误。全篇讲的都是“接受高等教
还是去丁作,高中毕业生都需要同样的技能和知
育是否是唯一选择”的问题。“卨等教台”固定表达为
识”。
higher education。该句意思为“如果高中阶段就告
apprenticeship /aprentisjip/ /!•学徒期 reject /ri d3ekt/ v/•拒绝
dominant /*dr>minant/ a.最重要的 meet one’s full potentia丨充分发禅某人潜能
语
executive director 常务董事 completion /kam'pliijan/ n .毕业
境
词 raise concerns 引起担忧 underrepresented /*And9.repri’zentid/ 〇•未被充分代表的
汇
minority /mai’nDriti/ /i.少数派 peer /pia/ n.同龄人
enroll /in’raul/ (in, on)入学 perceive /p9’si:v/ v•感到
V J
• 194 •第 三 章 100篇 标 准 改 错 训 练 ^
Passage ^8lJ-------------------------------------------------
What is it that made Steve Jobs special? What can we
learn from this once-in-a-lifetime entrepreneur?
Steve Jobs was a visionary and he ensured that he took
his company through his vision whenever he was at helm. In (1)
fact, during his decade long absent from Apple following his (2)
ouster in 1985, Apple went through some tumultuous time for (3)
the lack of quality leadership! One of the biggest obstacles
which the church faces today is the lack of vision, especially (4)
in its leaders. Although we set out with and towards a good (5)
vision, the church is just going to be a four-walled structure.
Quite often, this results not just from lack of growth, but a (6)
slow, but steady stagnation.
Steve Jobs thought ahead. Always. He never went out with (7)
the flow, and was always one or more steps ahead of the rest, (8)
perfectly showcased with the launches of path-breaking
product like the iPhone, iPod, and iPad! His approach was (9)
“people don’t know what they want. We tell them and give
them that.” How amazing it would be if believers have the (10)
same approach? We are often happy with what we have and
we just go on with our Sunday-to-Sunday routine! Do we
realise the fact that people around us don, t quite know that
they are lost? They won’ t approach us (more often than not)
with their needs. We need to recognise their need that they
may not even know about.
^ 完成曰期j [用时| |错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
195专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论乔布斯的优秀之处。乔布斯是一个不折不扣的梦想家。他的远见卓识引领荇他的整个W 队朝前发展,
乔布斯也是一个特立独行的远见者。他从不随波逐流,而是远远走在竞争者的前面。正是W 为他的这些特点,我们
现在才拥打了 iPhone, iPad等一系列卓越的电子产品,,
♦ 答案详解♦
1. atA Mhe同汇错误,.at the helm是固定搭配,表示 应该娃缺乏远见的结果,故Although不符合语义,
"掌权”,其中the不能宵略.故此处要加上the 应该是Unless,表示“除非我们开始就济有远见并
2. ahsen丨*ahscnce语法错误。during为介词,后面: 不断朝着这个方向发展,否则……”。
跟名词性短语作宾语his decade long作定语,短 6. from—in语篇错误,本题考査的是动词短语result
语中心词应为名词absence in和result from的区别.result in后接结果,而
3. time —times词汇错误本题考査的是time作为可 result from后接衣原因的短语根据逻辑意义判断,
数名词和不可数名词的不同用法。time在表示“时 “缺乏成长,增长缓慢”是导致的结果,而不是原因。
间”的时候,为不可数名词;在表示“次数.时刻”的时 7. out— 词汇错误。本题考査的是go with the
候,为可数名词。此句的意义从上下文判断为“苹果 flow“随波逐流”,这是间定搭配,应删掉out
公司经历了一些动荡的时刻”,time在句中应为可数
8. and—but语篇错误。上文提及“他从不随波逐流”,
名词,需加s。
此处说“总是先人一步或好几步”。重在强调后句的
4. which Iha丨语法错误。本题考査的是定语从句引导 语义,应该为转折关系
词which和that的区别。当定语从句的先行词为
9. product—► products同汇错误。本句提到“开创性的
“one of +形容词最商级+名词复数"的形式时,引导
产品”,显而易见,这样的产品正如后文所提到的
间必须用that,不能用which。 iPhone、iPod、iPad,不止一种,应为犮数形式。
5. AHhough—Un丨ess语篇错误。上文提到“如今教觉M
10. have—had语法错误。本题考査的是虚拟语气,这
大的障碍之一就是缺乏远见”,而此句的后半句讲 里表示与现在嗔实相反的情况,主句用了 would do
“教堂将只会成为四面墙的迮筑物”,山此推断这
形式,从句谓语动词应该用过去时。
\
once-in-a-lifetime a.(一生)难得的 entrepreneur /iDntreprdVi3:/ n.企业家
visionary /Vi39nari/ /!•梦想家 at the helm 掌权
absence /"aebsans/ /I.缺席 ouster /austa/ /i.驱逐
语
tumultuous /tju:’mAltJ uas/ a•骚乱的 leadership /*li:dajip/ /i•领导
境
词 obstacle A>bstekl/ it• 障碍(物) set out开始
汇
result in 导致 stagnation /staeg’neijan/ n•停滞(性)
go with the flow 随波逐流 showcase "aukeis/叱 在玻璃_ 窗陈列
path-breaking /*pa:0.breikir]/ a•开创性的 routine /rufti:n/ n•惯例 J
• 196 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 82|
Applications outside the Earth,s atmosphere are clearly
a good fit for robots. It is dangerous for humans to get to
space, to be in space and to return from space. Keeping
robots operating reliably in space presents some unique
challenges to engineers. The ultra-high vacuum in space
⑴
prevents the use from most types of lubricants. The
(2)
temperatures can swing wildly depending on whether the
robot is in the sun light or shade. But, of course, there is
⑶
almost no gravity. This is actually more of an opportunity
than a challenge and leads to the possibility of some unique
designs. The conceptual robot has 21 independent joints. On
earth it would be possible for this robot to support its own ⑷
weight, but in space, the design presents some unique
capabilities. The robot can reach around obstacles and
through out port holes. The robot also possesses a huge (5)
degree of fault tolerance. It can continue to operate with
excellent dexterity even after several joints fail.
NASA decided to develop a $288-million Flight
Telerobotics Servicer (FTS) in 1987 to help astronauts
assemble the Space Station, which was growing bigger and
complex with each redesign. Shown here is the winning
⑹
robot design by Martin Marietta, who received a
$297-million contract in May 1989 to develop a vehicle by
1993. About the best thing which can be said for the FTS
⑺
project was that it generated a lot of lessons learned. The
robot never flew and never will because it was never
completed. This project demonstrated that fault tolerance
gone wildly will doom a robot. The robot had so many
⑻
redundant systems that there was just so much to go wrong. (10)
< 完成日期^ 丨用时| j错误数量统
备忘笔记:
197专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是太空机器人。人类进人太空与返间太空的整个过程都充满危险,所以地球以外的T.作可能只有
依赖机器人了。但要U:机器人在太空中稳定地工作则给工程师提出了很多挑战。然而,挑战与机遇并存。一些独一
无二的设计就是为适应太空工作的要求而产生的。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. to >for同汇错误。“给某人提出挑战”用present 示“出”,属于用词多余,故删。
challenges for sb.的句式,故介词应该用for , 6• 八complex—► more语法错误。与complex并列的
2. from,of词汇错误。原文虽有prevent—词,但并不 bigger已经用了比较级形式,complex也应该用形
是prevent sb. from doing sth.的间定搭配,句子 容词比较级形式,因其为多音节单词,在其前面加
含义为“阻止了大多不同种类润滑剂的使用”,从意 more即可。
思上可判断use和most types of lubricants之间 7. which,that语法错误。当先行词前有形容词M 高级
是从属关系,应用of 修饰时,定语从句必须用that引导,不能用whic h。
3. But—And/Besides语篇错误。上文都是在讲太空状
8. will A 语法错误。never will fly中的fly不能
况对机器人设计者提出的挑战,本题所在句子是在 省略 旦省略,则表示与and之前的flew为同一
,一
上文基础上的延伸。“在太空中,几乎是没有重力 词,然而不存在never will flew的用法,will后只能
的。”言外之意,因为处于失重状态,设计时必须考虑 跟动词原形,所以fly必须补上。
到在地球上和在太空上的区别。所以本题所在句子
9. wildly-♦ wild语法错误。gone是系动词,其后应该接
是一种递进关系,而不是转折关系。
形容词,故wildly应该改成wild。此处gone wild作
4. possible—impossible语篇错误。下文用but转折,说 后置定语,修饰fault tolerance
“设计呈现一些独特的能力”,反过来可以推断此处
10. so—too 词汇错误。由 so many redundant sys
是说“机器人没有能力在地球上支持自身》« ”,
tems 可 知此处 应该是 说不容 易出错 ,用 too... to
possible不符合语义逻辑,应改成impossible才对。
结构表示“太……以致不能……”,so应该改成
5. out—ptif同汇错误。此处表示“机器人能绕过障碍 too。
物,穿越舷窗穿越舷窗”包括进和出,而out只表
r
application /.aepli’lceijan/ /I•运用,应用 ultra-high a.超高的
vacuum /vaekjuam/ n. lubricant /1u:bnkent/ 死•润滑剂
语 gravity /graevati/ /i•重力 lead to导致
境
conceptual /ken septjual/ a. 概念的 joint Anoint/ /i.接合点,关节
词
汇 fault tolerance 故障包容 dexterity /dek'steriti/ n• 灵巧,敏捷
assemble /9’sembl/ v,•装配 generate /V^enereit/ W•产生
doom /du:m/ v. 注定 redundant /ri'dAndant/ a. 多余的
V J
• 198 *蚩 e蓽i o o靆封轵联勘胳转
— jess e B d 8g(
x〇pn/ s ipupaaSBuauais B〇a qa^Aiaj iqeri fpps qjongq^ nd iu
iqa I6.20S erip i68〇s erip Bdda^j jxc qa ou pid jo^p qaooiud )I(
OAdUAdigq^ Bup oqasa iu pia XdBjs i〇 doiu^ 它 udM sjnpX yups
„^ts uo^ fns^ jpps ^ja 〇AauA9iSq^ gawruS iuoia erip iuoja )Z(
so‘ piaja is eri aupja sjiiy gAau piosa Mqo eja nquouu^i MaiSq^ )C(
Bia geruiuS Mai2q^tt serp |0«p smpX «n〇i〇J vsujasq^ qb^bj‘
sauons aDouoiuxs^ ^ HVNa 3〇Jd* ^ W〇ut〇^ OFTJ )rf(
ydSdBioqajs ermjXzap pey^ ou \a uaBJjX 9*〇〇〇 qiBp> erip )9(
Hisderuo pippiau Mqo dBjppd^ap iw g^Ji^ 3HHpqoop
ircugi^npiuB[ smpX—b UBpou^nX jadaasaujFjrAa axeradja—erip )9(
q^p piaiJ ]idi3q) eup M9iSq) iuansnjd oa9J imid Xaers‘ iu Jj(
jpupajgBya^ jijs^ pajp' jiyq erip aiSqm gjBpas
xqa sqrp人 jonup 尹〇 daj〇au; oj tpupajSBJiau0is qnp b
qopA iuess iupax )9WI( iu )fia ^gpi dajoaupja oj Bq〇A〇‘ p 〇MU )8(
jjoiu gg dajoau^ ni )fia iq^qs erup I68〇s‘ M|iau pia gjOMiq piBys
era paAd{ 〇dap qX pia qs 〇au 列 js joj aisansa 3 〇uq 〇i erip )6(
jjaAaupou Muna b g^n ni pid ^gifi dajoaupia !S sPn ni )fia
uouu^[ jnuga‘ ojirjp uibA qa qa^pap joj qaiuS 〇A9UAai3q; oj
oqas9* qhjfj serp yup tj pia^aa BijaBpX pia ^gpi dajDauma ni
ipupajg^yai^ piaX pou4^ qBA0 jbj ja go qajoja pia^i pd iqa )10(
OAdUAdigq^ oj oqasa OB^agoiX‘ .M\np\ dn 幻 〇iaiu usj> oj sauons
qa^jpi djoqiaius bs Bpnj^s
!爵爵脎響驺枓1
鸯莩卖迅:
L 66专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论幼儿园学生的肥胖问题。S 新一项研究表明现在的学生比七八十年代的学生要肥胖一些,并且肥胖
的趋势在未来儿年还将有增无减研究人员选取将近_ 名不同肤色的小朋友作为样本,在9年内对他们的身高
和体取进行测W,发现接近40%的幼儿阅学生的BMI(体® 指数)超过75%,而七八丨•年代的BMI指数仅为25个
百分点。
< ♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. become- -becoming 语法错误on the road to 中的 而此处是指6000多个孩子作为统汁“样本”,应该是
to是介词,后面要跟动名词形式。 sample 〇
2. 八are- who 法错误。此句的主谓为It’s,所以are 7. measure —>measured语法错误。本题考查的是
应该是从句中的成分,kids后面应该是接一个定语 have sth. done的结构,意为“(让別人)把某TJt做
从句,缺引导词who。 成”。measure应该用过去分词形式measured,表示
3. abnorma卜—norma丨语错误。句首Even —间加® “身高和体® 被测W ”。
语气,由此可推断此处指“甚至那些体1 正常的学生 8. down—up语篇错误。文赍谈及的是幼儿园学生肥胖
体T(也在增长”,abnormal应该改成normal 情况有所增加。故BMI(体1 指数)应该是比以前增
4. serious—► senior词汇错误。全文主要说的是儿贵的 高而不玷降低,所以down要•改成up
肥胖问题,此处被修饰的词economist表示身份, 9. are—were语法错误。此句的语境时间指的是上文的
可推断修饰同应该表示级别,而不是要表示专家是 七八十年代,所以应该用过去时态。
否 “严谢”,serious改成其形近词senior符合语境, 10. tipA—into同汇错误。Up在这里作动同.根据下文
表示“高级经济学家”。 的category (体讯等级)可推断此处动同有“加入”
5. to—〆词汇错误 “关于……的数据"直接用data on…, 之义.tip只有作不及物动同时才有该义,与into搭
,
此处的to是多余的,故删除。 配,原义表示“把……倒人容器",故应加into。
6. example^sam pie 同汇错误。example 表示“例子”,
bring up 养育 on the road to在去...的途中
obese /au'bi:s/ a .肥胖的 shift /Jift/ /i•变化
gain weight 体® 增加 Hispanic /hi’spaenik/ a•两班牙的
语
境 participate in 参加,参与 long丨tudina丨 /lDnd i’tju:dinal/ a•纵向的
词 3
汇 representative /.reprizentativ/ a•有代表性的 index Andeks/ /i•指数
percentile /pa sentail/ /i.百分点 chart /tja:t/ /i•图表
in... range在...范围内 be headed for朝...方向去
tip into把...倒入容器 at risk of在...危险中
• 200 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 84|
Forget expensive educational DVDs and private tutors,
the secret to smart children could be so simple as giving birth (1)
to them two years apart. Researchers who studied thousands of
children found two-year gap to be optimum in boosting brain (2)
power. Any shorter, and the reading and maths skills of the
older child dipped. The effect was strongest between the first
and second-bom, but siblings in bigger families are also (3)
benefited.
The theory comes from Kasey Buckles, an economist whose
own children are, rather unfortunately, just over two years (4)
apart in age. She said it is likely that the difference in
academic achievement is linked to the time and resources
parents can invest in a child before a young sibling arrives. (5)
However, waiting for more than two years did not advance (6)
the advantage, the Journal of Human Resources will report.
Siblings with a two-year spacing include Albert Einstein and
sister Msya, and Lord Attenborough and younger brother
David. Kasey Buckles, who lead the study told the Sunday (7)
Times: “We believe this is the first time anyone has established
a casual benefit to increase the spacing between siblings/* The
study also showed that gaps between children in larger
families was also beneficial. Buckles told the newspaper “The (8)
two year gap is significant because the early years are the most
important in a child’s development so dividing your time when
the child is one is more harmful than dividing it when the
child is already at school.” The effect more pronounced in (9)
families with lower incomes, as those with less money could (10)
spend to compromise for lack of time.
j
/完 成 曰 期 1 用 时 | :错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
201专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论想让孩子聪明应隔两年冉生二胎的话题。研究人员研究了成千上万名小孩后发现,要增进小孩的智
力,M 好是在两胎间相隔两年。间隔时间再短的话,年长的孩子的阅读和数学技能都会下降这一影响在第一胎和
第二胎孩子身上最为强烈,不过大家庭中有兄弟姐妹的孩子也会因此而收益。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. s〇-*as语法错误。此题考査的是as... as与so... as 6. advance—increase 搭配错误。advantage 意为“优
的区别。前者既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句。后 势,长处”,不与advance搭配..
者用于否定句。本句为肯定句,所以选择用as... as,,
7. lead—Med语法错误。who引导的定语从句修饰先行
2. Atwo-year—a语法错误。全句的意思为“研究了成 同Kasey Buckles,研究发生在过去,谓i/丨动词应为
千上万个孩子的科学家发现:促进大脑智力扱好是 过去时,lead的过去式为led.:,
在两胎间相隔两年”。从句主语的中心词为gap, two-
8. was—were语法错误。本题考査的是主谓一致。从句
year 修饰 gap, 此处表示“一个两年的间隔 ”, 所以 中的主语为 gaps between children in larger
应该加不定冠词a。 families.中心词为gaps,所以谓语动同也应用复数
3. are—/ 语法错误。此处指“大家庭中有兄弟姐妹的 形式。
孩子也会因此而受益”,没有被动语义.are是多余的, 9. A more »was词汇错误。这里的pronounced不是
故刪 动词的过去式,而是作形容词修饰说明effect的,
4. unfortunately—► fortunate丨y语篇错误。上段提及研 怠为“ffi著的”。故此处应加上系动词was,构成系表
究者认为孩子之间两年的年龄间隔是最佳时间。而 结构。
Kasey Buckles的孩子恰好相差两岁,联系上文,应 10. less—more语篇错误。根据逻辑判断,只有更有钱
该是相当幸运的,unfortunately应改成fortunately 的家庭能够花费更多,而不是史贫穷的家庭。less
5. young—*younger ■篇错误。整句的意思为“她认为 应该改成more。该句意为“影响效果在那些低收人
孩子学习成绩的差别可能和家长在更小孩子出生前 家庭中更为ffi著.因为那些更有钱的家庭可以多花
能投人到孩子身上的时间和资源有关系"。这句中提 钱来弥补因为缺乏时间带来的不利影响.”
到的是年龄更小的小孩,这是相比较而言的,所以
应该用比较级younger,而不是原形young。
r
tutor /*tju:td/ n•私人教师 give birth to 生产
语 optimum /*Dptimam/ a•最适宜的 brain power 脑力
境 dip /dip/ vi 下降 sibling /siblir]/ /!.兄弟姐妹
词
汇 spacing /speisir]/ n .间隔 beneficial /.bem’fij al/ a.有益的,有利的
pronounced /pra'naunst/ a. 5在著的 compromise /knmpramaiz/ W•妥协
V
• 202 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 85|
Amazon, which got its start selling books online,
announced this year that, for the first time, its digital books
had outsold than paper books. This trend of going digital does ⑴
not hold true for all books: While many popular consumer
books have successfully made the switch into the new form, (2)
textbooks are already widely read on paper. Textbooks are (3)
gaining, consequently, as publishers take advantage of the (4)
popularity of tablets like the Kindle and iPad, expanding their
catalogues and offering products like rent digital books that (5)
expire after a semester or two.
The potential for digital growth is leading publishers to
experiment products that stretch the boundaries of traditional ⑹
textbooks, slowly turning away from static text and images
toward multimedia, intuitive approach, publishers say. (7)
M Textbooks as e-books ought to be seen as a stepping stone of (8)
the future,” said Mark M^jurey of Taylor & Francis, a
textbook publisher in Britain.
Digital textbooks are any books which can be downloaded (9)
to an e-reader or computer or those that can be read online
using a Web browser. While no one keeps precise numbers of
digital textbook sales globally, a number of companies have
seen similar growth patterns and nearly identical market share.
According to the Student Monitor, a private student market
research company based in New Jersey, about 5 percent of all
textbooks required in the autumn in the United States were (i〇)
digital textbooks. That is more than double the 2.1 percent of
the spring semester.
203专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是教科书跨步走向电子化。亚马逊,世界上最早开始在网上售卖纸质书的在线零饵商,今年宣布经
由它家ft出的电子书数tt疗次超过了纸质书。随荇iPad平板电脑和Kindle电子书的流行,教科书也开始了电子
化的趋势。出版商们开始逐渐将教科书中静态的文字和阁片改为更加生动的多媒体形式,企图通过更加直观的方
式吸引新一代的读者,一些公司也注意到这一类似的增长模式和市场份额。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. than 汇错误t outsell为及物动词,表示“比 6. experiment A—with 词汇错误。experiment with...
……卖得多”,其后直接跟宾语。than—般用于形容 ' “用..做实验”。故experiment后应加上with,
间或副词后,故删除。 7. 八mulUmedia—a语法错误。multimedia住句中并不
2. form__*formati^汇错误form主要指的是“种类,形 是作宾语,貞.正的宾语应该是approach这1 mul
态”,而fomat更多的偏向于指“(书等的)版本、(程 timedia 作定 语修饰 approach, 表示 “多媒 体的” ,所以
序等的)样式”,故把form改成format。 需要加冠词a。
3. a丨ready—sU丨丨词汇错误。上文说“许多书已经成功转 8. of—to词汇错误。stepping stone表示“隹脚石;达
型为电子版本”,此处说“教科书普遍以纸质形式阅 到目的的手段”,经常和介词to连用,此处应将of改
读”,纸质是先出现的阅读形式,电子版本是后出现 成to0
的,由此可知already应该改成still,表示教科书仍 9. which >that语法错误。本题考杏的是定语从句先行
然处于纸质阶段。 i司which和that的区別。当先行词是anything,
4. consequently—though/however 语篇错误。上文提及 everything) nothing aH nonej some 等不定代词时,
“教科书普遍以纸质形式阅读”,而此句意为“出版商 或是由every, any, all, some, no等修饰时,定语
利用平板电脑和电子书等工具,教科书电子化的趋 从句只能W1 that引导。
势在不断增长",由此可见,两句存在转折关系,而不 10. required —acquired间汇错误。联系上下文可知文
是因果关系。 $ 没有涉及学校强制用什么样的教科书的规定,所
5. rent—»renta丨词汇错误。rental为名词,表示“租赁; 以require(耍求,规定)不符语义。acquire表示“学
出借”,而rent作名词时意为“租金;租费"。此处指 到”,放在原文表示“学生秋季所学的教科书”,符合
“租赁电子书”,rent应该改成rental 文意,故 required 改成 acquired .
r A
switch /switJV /I.转变 take advantage of 利 jfl
popularity /pnpju’laeriti/ n•流行 tablet /taeblit/ w.小平板
语
expire /ik'spaia/ v/•期满 stretch /stretJV v/.延伸
境
词 boundary /baundari/ n.分界线 static /staetik/ a. i挣态的
汇 intuitive /irVtju:itiv/ a. i[观的 web browser网络浏览器
identical /aidentikal/ a. 相等的 market share市场份额
\
• 204 •奥三禀 L〇〇酋封轵联斟胳黎
jesse6a 89[
y umuqdJ oj Xaer& ^80 i sb^ p〇mu ou b sjaua qauoq on^sipa
)fia yAauipB iu ^ozeruqibn^ Mqeu i M〇jj>ep bs eri ⑴
Bipspo oousn^aj mbs b qo】 erip Md MdJd jFjpu8 b qja«j> )2(
jjoiu jaqaejSBjs xqa pia^aats eri-ooupipouiuS 人s s^aiu q^p 〇i u3
siuoa sncddap yruopouiuS 邛 sqonjp qHA8 qaau 〇 A9J |〇〇 pagjaas )g(
iusipa Miu{d Md MdJd VA〇J|puS
,jvao 〇 IP yjuoeri iuau Maja si^iuS ou jfiBj qauoq‘ qn^ iqaja
mbs b jooiu joj iua* 〇i o* ju yjuoh daodia sqera iuojd pieri fns^ )f(
vab列j iu b qjopiajjX oj sis^apX jBsqiou gAau Mqau 於 D〇iuas ;o
sqnpa' ddodja bj9 gdudjons i qa^jp ^ mo iuau jenpuS Bqon^ b pnjp )g(
〇|p iueri Mqo JdDdupX piap 〇 ua oj piaiu serp* ,,i mbs AisipuS jnm )9(
ey' qis qoiua jja s^Fyap )〇 iua eri eriiBzruS s^oiti ^qon;
soiuapmig qnp qBddauap jmu M|iau qa mbs Xonug- gn^ 邛
Mes b [〇u8 s^oiti ni8^ deui^ erip Ma pappap mej i sqoipp ooiua
qB〇j> pia uacp \a qa^j pia iasi gn^ Mqau i erxiAap4 q9 mbs
P^P/.
,jqa iubu JPI sijaul i pappap !aBAa qaupi nulfi I )1(
qa^jp Mq^ pia opiaa iueri Monjp jasdoup qatp qa^jp I 叫P )8(
eri iuspiiDpAa jaaixug pi代只 M〇njp d〇i A9 qa nudoymii yimj人I
q0* ^ 〇〇4 sdoj的• M xqBits uo; b goop mbX | 〇 pia —^yaj Xon4Aa ^ 〇ip )6(
ifia aup oj Xohj s^ojX*44
sq〇Dj> iua bs i jis^auap l〇 niosa qA〇 iuau onj sdapas
unSqi qa )fia s)xcjX)a]nuS icajsou ^i\sv pijjajs ns jjoiu erixiu^is is )I〇(
)fia )fi^ m9 dsu ]is^au 〇)fidj daod刊‘s pjaerus‘ 】aera‘ foXs‘
sojjoms' p0siaas erip pajaB^s—erip piaX ni ^nui dbu onjs
翠谉白甜 娜
Z09专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是聆听的艺术。多年前,作者在莫桑比克首都马普托的阿芬尼达剧院作艺术顾问。有一天,天气非
常炎热,排练间隙,作者坐在剧院外的石発子上休息,听到两位非洲朋友在谈论他们的一位朋友。这位朋友刚刚逝
世,临死前,他还在给其中一位朋友讲述他年轻时的传奇故事,可故事还没讲完,他就去世了。另外一位朋友对这朋
友的去世竞有些许不满,他觉得这位朋友不该没讲完故事就离去。如此反应让作者颇感意外,倾听对于他们来说竞
如此重要,但这也正是人类和动物的区别所在:人类会倾听彼此的梦想、恐惧、喜悦、悲伤、欲望和挫折。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. when where语法错误。此处是一个非限制性定语 过去完成时态。
从句,用以修饰 the Teatro Avenida in Maputo, 7. 八toiot词汇错误。这句话的意思是“我决定等到
Mozambique,而该短语是一个表示地点的短语,所以 另外一位老人对他所听到的故亊作出反应后再离
应选择表示地点的关系副词where来引导定语从句。 开",句中应该用“not... until...”表示“直到……
2. consu丨ter~»consultant 词汇错误。consulter 意为“商 才……”,故应加上not,否则语义前后矛盾。
址者”,consultant意为“顾问",此处要表达的意思 8. what (the)—*how语法错误。在what引导的从句中,
是“我在那(莫桑比克首都马普托的阿芬尼达剧院) what应充当主语或宾语,而本句中既不缺少主语,
作艺术顾问”,故用consultant 也不缺少宾语,故不能用what引导。从上下文意思
3. shou丨d ’nius丨语法错误。should have done 表示 来看,可用how引导该从句,how在从句中作状语,
“本应该做某事而没做”,用在此处不符合上下文的 意为“如何,怎样”。
语意,此处要表达的意思是“我们在工作时,室内温 9. attei—before语篇错误。从第二段最后两句可以得
度一定超过100度了",所以用must have done表 知,这位朋友还没讲完故亊就离去了,此句中的
示对过去情况的肯定推测。 after不符合逻辑,需改为before,整句所表达的意
4. a—〆词汇错误。本句的意思是“还有我坐的地方”, 思应该是“在你还没说完故事的结局前就离去不是
此处room的意思为“空间,地方,位置”,是不可数 一个好的离开方式。”
名词,故去掉不定冠词a。 10. differs *difTerenUates 词汇错误。differ 通常用作不及
5. /Uwo—the词汇错误。此处是特指上文所提到的那 物动词,意为“不同,相异”,如:Our hobbies differ from
两位非洲老人,不是泛指任意两位老人,故应加定冠 each other.我们的兴趣爱好不同。而differentiate
词 the。 可用作及物动词,意为“使有差异;构成……间的
6. 八recently-语法错误。本句中,主句的谓语动 差别”,如:Coloring differentiates the sexes in many
词是过去时态,而从句的动作(die)显然是在主句动 birds.许多鸟的雌雄通常可就其颜色予以区分。本
作(hear)之前发生的,所以从句的谓语动词应该用 句应选用一个及物动间,故此处用differentiates,
r
bench /bentJ7 n.长椅子 Mozambique /.mauzaem’bi:k/ /i•莫桑比克
consultant /kan'SAltant/ /i•顾问 rehearsal /n'h3:sal/ n•排练
语
air-conditioning system 空调系统 brotherly /*brA&9li/ a•兄弟般的
境
词 sisterly /*sistall/ a•姐妹般的 when it comes to 就...而论
汇
instinctive /in’stir]ktiv/ a.本能的 storytelling /*st:):ri,telir]/ n.讲故事
differentiate /difa renjieit/ v•区分 in Uirn反过来
)
• 206 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 87j
The brains of children are affected by family violence in the
same way as combat affects soldiers, according to a study. In both
cases the brain becomes increasing wary of potential threats. (1)
Children who suffer abuse or witness domestic violence are known
to be at greater risk of anxiety and depression in late life. (2)
Scientists carried out magnetic resonance imaging brain scans
on 20 London children with an average age of 12 who have been (3)
exposed to documented violence at home. All had referred to local (4)
social services. While in the scanner, the children were shown
pictures of male or female faces with sad, calm or angiy (5)
expressions. Their patterns of brain activity were compared with
that of 23 matched children with no history of family violence. (6)
The children exposed to violence responded in the distinct way to (7)
angry faces, the study found. Their brains showed heightened
activation in two regions associated with threat detection.
Previous research has shown a similar pattern in the brains of
soldiers exposed to violence combat situations. The scans suggest
both combat veteran soldiers and children who witness violence
tuning their brains to be hyper-aware of environmental danger. (8)
Lead author Dr Eamon McCrory, from UCL’s Division of
Psychology and Language Sciences, said: “We are only now
beginning to understand how child abuse influences function of the (9)
brain’s emotional systems. This research is important because it
provides with our first dues as to how regions in the child’s brain (10)
may adapt to early experiences of abuse in the home.M
207专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是家庭縫力对儿章的影响。家庭楗力对儿® 心理的影响就像战争对士兵的影响一样:他们都对潜
在的威胁忧心忡忡。一般来说,遛受过家庭虐待和目睹了家庭暴力的孩子在日后的生活中更有可能受到焦虑和抑
郁的闲扰科学家对20名曾经逍受了家庭暴力的孩子进行脑部磁共振扫描,发现这些孩子对生气表情的反应总是
异常明® 和活跃,这一结果与之前对经历过战争的士兵的调査结果非常相似。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. increasing-—increasingly语法错误。此处修饰形容词 terns of brain activity, 是一个复数意义的词,所以
wary,表示“对……越来越繁惕”,应该用副词形式 后面的代词也应该使用表示复数怠义的those。
increasingly, 7. the—a词汇错误。此句的意思为“逍受过家庭暴力的
2. 丨ate—later词汇错误。丨ate life意为“晚年生活”,而 孩子总是以一种独特的方式对生气表情作出反应”,
此处要表达的意思是“遭受过家庭虐待和h 睹了家 这里泛指某一种独特的方式,而且是第一次出现,所
庭暴力的孩子在日后的生活中史有可能受到焦虑和 以用不定冠词a。
抑郁的闲扰” later life表示“日后的生活,后来的生 8. 丨unin}; »tune语法错误。此句中suggest后接一个宵
活”,故把late改为later。 略that的宾语从句,该从句的主语soldiers and
3. have—had语法错误。主句的谓语动问carry out使 children后又接了一个who引导的定语从句,此
用了过去时态,而从句的动作be exposed to W.然 处tuning不是现在分同作伴随状语,而应该作宾语
是在主句动作之前发生的,所以从句的谓语动词应 从句的谓语,表示“战争老兵和孩子们将他们的大脑
使用过去完成时态,故把have改为had3 适应于...。”故应改成tune
4. 八referred —been语法错误。此句的意思为“所有这9. function '-functioningiiil汇错误。function 作名词衣
些孩子都求助过当地的社会福利组织”,此处refer 示“功能”,作动词表示“运行,活动,起作用”。此句的
的意思为“指点,使求助于”,当用作此意时,refer是 意思应为“我们现在只知道虐待儿童会如何影响大
及物动词,通常用在refer sb. to...结构中,此处为被 脑情感系统的活动”,它要强调的是大脑的运行和活
动语态,故应加上been 动情况,而不是大脑本身所具备的生理功能,所以用
5. or (female^and语篇错误。根据常理推断,在这次 function的动名同形式^
试验中,孩子们看到的照片既柯男性的乂有女性的, 10. with * jvHfT i司汇错误。provide表4) “提供”时,用作
这样才能避免性別对实验结果的影响,所以此处应 及物动词,其主要用法是provide sth./provide
该用表示并列关系的连词and, sb. with sth.,故此处_ 掉介词with,
6. that --those语篇错误此句中比较的对象是pat
fami丨y/domestic violence 家庭暴力 combat /*kDmbaet/ n .战斗
wary /weari/ a .谨慎的 at greater risk of冒更大风险
magnetic resonance 磁共振 scan /skaen/ •扫描
语
境 socia丨service社会公益服务 distinct /dis’tirjkt/ a•独特的
词 detection /di'tekjan/ n .察觉,发觉 tune /tju:n/ v/.调节,调整
汇
hyper-aware 高度察觉的 lead author 第一作者
division /di’vi3an/ w .部门 abuse /a’bju:s/ /i.虛待
V _____J
• 208 ■第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 88j
Healthy adults take approximately 10-14 breaths per minute,
but some people breathe 20 or more times—this can lead to feeling
out of breath and a range of other symptoms such as tingling in the
fingers and around the lips, heart palpitations, tiredness, inability
to concentrate on and irritable bowel syndrome, explains Fiona (1)
Troup, a physiotherapist at Six Physio in London.
The symptoms are a sign you’ re breathing through the mouth
instead of doing deeper breathing through the nose. This leads a (2)
fall in carbon dioxide levels in the blood—as a result of, oxygen (3)
can't be released to the muscles and organs.
This causes muscle spasms, often in the colon where can (4)
exacerbate or lead to IBS; meanwhile if the brain is derived of (5)
sufficient oxygen levels, it can cause confusion and dizziness.
"Fast breathing is basically a bad habit, often results from (6)
period of elevated stress, back or neck pain, emotional trauma or (7)
surgery,” says Ms Troup. One seminal study suggested as many as
10 per cent of those attending general practice suffered this (8)
problem. Over-breathing, as it is known, shouldn’t have any
long-term health implications, says Stephen Spiro, professor of
respiratory medicine at University College London Hospitals and
deputy chair of theB ritish Lung Foundation. Therefore, rapid (9)
breathing and breathless can be a sign of lung disease, particularly (10)
asthma and bronchitis. With these conditions, the airways in the
lungs narrow, so it’s physically harder for the air to travel in and
out
f i
完成曰期 |用 时 | !错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
209专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是呼吸频肀与健康。呼吸频率与我们的身体健康息息相关。一个健康的成年人每分钟呼吸10-14
次,而有些人每分钟呼吸20次,甚至更多。呼吸过快是我们健康状况不良的信号之一,它会带来一系列身体不适的
反应,这些反应是由于我们呼吸过浅,过短,血液内的二氧化碳下降,氧气无法释放到肌肉和组织中造成的。另外,
呼吸过快还可能是肺部疾病的征兆之一。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. on— 词汇错误(,concentrate on意思为“集中精 氧气,就会导致混乩和眩晕”,故选择deprived。
力于...”,当concentrate之后没有接宾语时.应去 6. /\often—►and 或 results—»resulting 语法错误。此处
掉介词on,意为“集中怙力"。
逗号之后的部分并不是一个完整的句子,所以可以
2. leadsA… 词汇错误。lead单独作动词时,表示“领 在逗号之后加上and使前后句成为一个享有共同主
导;领先”的意思。词组lead to则意为“导致”。此处 语fast breathing的并列句,或者将results改为
是指上句提到的“用口腔呼吸而不是通过鼻子深呼 resulting,使后句变成现在分词短语作状语。
吸”会导致血液内二氧化碳水平的下降。故应在丨eads 7. period—periods语法错误。名间的单数形式通常不
后加上to 。 会单独使用,一般应加上一定的限定词,修饰词或者
3. «)f •〆词汇错误—短语as a result意为“作为结果; 以名词的复数形式出现,而此处要表达的意思是“呼
因此”,一般单独使用,前后用逗号隔开。as a re^ 吸过快经常来自于周期性的压力升高,颈部或背部
suit of表原因,意为“由于;作为……的结果”,后面 的疼痛,怙神创伤或手术”,所以应该选用period
须接名词性的单词或短语。此处应该删掉of。 的复数形式,表示“周期性”。
•4. where ♦ which语法错误。此处colon后接的从句是 8. suffered八-令〇〇 间汇错误。当表示“患有(疾病等)”
1
定语从句。从该定语从句的意思和结构来看,引导词 或者“长期地或习惯性受痛苦”时,suffer作不及物动
充当从句的主语,其先行词是muscle spasms,而不 is],用在suffer from的结构中,故补上介间from
是in the coloiv所以应该选用关系代词,而不是关 9. Therefore^However语篇错误。前一句提到“过度
系副同,而此处定语从句和它所修饰的词之间用逗 呼吸”不会暗示长期性的健康问题,而此句则说“呼
号分开了,故选择关系代同which,:整个句子意为 吸过快”可能是肺部疾病的征兆之一。故这两句之
“这经常会在结肠内引起肌肉痉挛,并进一步加剧和
间是转折关系,而不是因果关系,应选择连接同
导致肠易激综合症”。 However。
5. derived ^deprived同汇错误。此题考査形近词的辨 10. breathless—»brea丨hlessness语法错误。这里应选用
析。derive常与from搭配,表示“从...获得;源自" 一个名词性的iff】,与rapid breathing共同构成句子
的意思 , be deprived of总为“被剥夺...,被夺 的主 iff,故用 breathless 的名词形式 breathlessness
去……”,此处要表达的意思是“如果大脑缺乏足够的
r
lead to导致 symptom /simptam/ n•征兆
tingle /tirjgl/ v.(感到)剌痛 palpitation /paelpi’teijan/ w•心择
bowel /"baual/ /I•肠 syndrome /sindraum/ /i•综合病症
语
phys丨otherapist /•fiziau’Berapist/ w•理疗医师 organ A):gan/ /i•器官
境
词 spasm /spaez^m/ n. 癌挛 colon ,kaulan/ /i•结肠,大肠
汇 exacerbate /ek’saesabeit/ v. 使恶化 dizziness /"dizinis/ /I•头昏眼花
elevate ,eliveit/ v/•抬高 trauma /i•精神 1.的创伤
semina丨/^1711叩丨/£1•对以后发展有巨大影响的 respiratory /ri’spiratari/ a•呼吸的
asthma /aesma/ n•哮喘 bronchitis /brorj’kaitis/ /i•支气管炎
V J
• 210 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 89j
Educational philosophy has changed a great deal in the 50
years since I was in school. Back then, for example, I had the
highest grades in school, but many of my teachers went out of their
way to cut me down so I wouldn’ t get conceit. Aside from (1)
the debated question of whether that worked, the point is that (2)
today, the educational establishment has the opposite philosophy.
They tend to tell all kids they are smart. I have seen elementary
schools that most students are selected as "Honors Students/* (3)
Research clearly shows that if students learn best from their (4)
mistakes depend on a student’s self-perception. Research by Carol (5)
Dweck and colleagues at Stanford demonstrated that the students
who are most likely to learn from their mistakes are those who
don't think of themselves as smart as such and smart enough to get (6)
smarter. They have a “growth mindset,” a belief system they can (7)
get better if they wiU just invest in the time and effort. In one of (8)
the group’s experiments, half of students were repeatedly praised (9)
for “being smart,” and these students were not good at learning
from mistakes. It is not clear why. Maybe they thought the
problem was in the learning material, not in them. The other half
of students were praised for effort and improvement and these
students got better and made few mistakes. Several months later, (10)
all students repeated a standardized test, and the “smart” students,
scores dropped 20%, while the M growth mindsetM students scored
30% higher.
f i S i
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备忘笔记:
211专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是“夸小孩聪明”的教育理论。跟50年前相比,现在的教育理念已经发生了翻天榭地的改变,例如,
那时候,如果学生在考试中得第一,教师总是要鸡蛋里挑骨头,找出一两个毛病,使学生不会太骄傲肖满..今天的教
育界则信奉着完全相反的哲学。他们趋向于告诉所冇的孩子,他们都是聪明的。心理学实验研究清楚地表明,经常
被夸奖为“聪明”的学生不善于从错误中学习。而那些不认为自己已经非常聪明,却聪明地足以认识到,自己是可
以通过努力变得史聪明的学生,最有可能从错误中学习。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. conceit wonceitfd 词汇错误。conceit 可以作名 id 或 从错误当中学习的学生是那些认为自己并不那么聪
动词,此处应该用其形容词形式conceited,意为“骄 明”,后句则说“聪明到足以认识到通过努力可以变
傲的,自负的”。 得史聪明",前句的“不那么聪明”和后句的“聪明”形
2. debated *deba丨able词汇错误。debated作形容词, 成i/丨义的转折,故应把and改为but。
意为“被争论的”,debatable的意思是“有争议的; 7. sys丨emA —》that语法错误。仔细分析此句的意思,they
可争论的"。而此处作者要强调的是这个问题具有争 can get better ifL应该作 a “growth mindset”或者 a
议性,所以用debatable更合适。 belief system的间位语,用以说明它们的具体内容,而
•3.丨hat where语法错误。schools后接的是一个定语 同位语从句的引导词that是不能宵略的。
从句,而在此定语从句中,that既不是作主语,也不 8. (invest) i n 词汇错误。invest表示“投入(时间,金
是作宾语,而是作状语,表示“在这些学校”,所以应 钱等)”时,通常用在 invest time/money/effort (in
该用表示地点的关系副词where来引导。 sth./in doing sth.)结构中,故此处删掉in。
4. if whether词汇错误。引导主语从句一般用whether, 9. 八students -the词汇错误。此处是特指参加实验的
而不用if。 学生,所以应加上表示特指的定冠词。
5. depend ^depends语法错误。depend的主语是 10. few—fewer间汇错误。few意为“很少,几乎没有",
whether引导的从句,单个从句作主语时,应该当做 而由此句的better—词,我们可以肴出此句是对比
单数名词来看,所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 实验前后学生的表现,而且从上下文以及客观常识
6. and—but语篇错误。从上下文的语义来判断,句间 来推断,一次实验并不能让学生不犯错误,所以此
的逻辑关系应为转折关系。前面一句说到“最有可能
处应该用比较级fewer
r
conceited /ken'si:tid/ 〇•骄傲自满的 aside from 除...以外
debatab丨e /di beitabl/ a. 可争论的 establishment /I'staeblijmant/ ri•成立的机构
语 opposite /*Dpazit/ a. 相反的 smart /sma:t/ a•聪明的
境
elementary /.elimentari/ fl. 初级的 depend on 依猫
汇 self-perception Aselfpa’sepJ^n/ n•自体感知 demonstrate /demanstreit/ vt. 显示
be丨ikely to可能 mindset /maindset/ /i•心态
improvement /im'pruivmant/ n. 改进 standardized /staendadaizd/ a. 标准化的
V
• 212 .第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 9〇J -------------------------------------------------------------------
In a Bertelsmann Foundation study on social justice released
this fall, the United States came in deadly last among the rich (1) _____________
countries, with only Greece, Chile, Mexico and Turkey faring
worse. Whether in poverty prevention, child poverty, income
inequality and health ratings, the United States ranked below (2) _____________
countries like Spain and South Korea, not mention Japan, (3) _____________
Germany or France.
It was another sign of how badly Americans are hurting their
middle class. Wars, famine and violence have been devastated (4) _____________
middle classes before, in Germany and Japan. But when the smoke
cleared and the dust settled, a social structure roughly similar to
what existed before would always resurface.
No nation has ever lost an existing middle class, and the
United States is in danger of that yet. But the percentage of (5) _____________
national income holding by the top 1 percent of Americans went (6) _____________
from about 10 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 2007, that is a (7) _____________
worrisome signal. So before the United States continues on its
current road of dismantling its version of the welfare state, of
expanding the gap between rich and poor, Americans might do
well glance south. The lesson is that even after a large middle class (8) _____________
emerges, yawning inequities between rich and poor severely strain
any society’s cohesion and harmony.
The United States has never had the type of robust welfare
state that European built after World War II. It didn^ need that. (9) _____________
Through private initiative and efforts to equalize opportunity,
Americans long ago ensured that a huge middle class would
provide the social glue to hold his society together. (10) _____________
/ 完成曰期| I用时| I错误数置统iT[
备忘笔记:
v_____________________________________________________________________________________ J
213专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是中产阶级和社会公平。在今年秋天贝塔斯曼苺金会发布的社会公平报告中,美国的社会公平程
度在所有富裕国家中排名最后,这一数据再次表明美国中产阶级的利益正受到挫伤。2007年,占美国人口 1%的
超级富翁亨M 了国家收人的24%,而在1980年,这个数字仅为10%如果美国任这一局势发展下去,就会橡它的南
美邻国一样,虽然拥有数目庞大的中产阶级,但贫富差异将日益严重,由此带来的社会不公也将严1 地影响全社会
的闭结与和谐。而解决这一矛盾的方法不是建立强健的福利社会,而是发展壮大中产阶级力ft。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. deadly-*dead词汇错误。deadly意为“致命的,死一 同 the percentage of national income 之间的逻辑
般的,非常的”,用在此处解释不通,而dead last意 关系,可以断定此处应该用过去分词形式。
为“最末,垫底”,符合上下文的意思。 7. that which或A丨hat—and语法错误。逗号不能连
2. and w 词汇错误。此处与上文的whether连用,应该 接两个独立的句子。要么在逗号之后用which引导
用or,表示“是……还是……,不管……还是……”。 —个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整句话;要么加上
3•八 mention Ho 词汇错误。not to mention 是一个固 and,使前后两句成为并列句。
定词组,意为“更不用说……”。 8• 八glance—to词汇错误。might do well意为“最
■4. been ♦(jeefT语法错误。devastate意为“摧毁”,此句 好做……,不妨做……”,其后通常接动词不定式作
的意思是“战争、饥荒、暴力曾经摧毁了德国,日本的 宾语,故应补上to,
中产阶级”,谓语应该用主动语态。 9. European—^Europeans a£ European A~^countries
5. Ain-no丨语篇错误。该段的第一句话告诉我们“没 词汇错误。European在此处可以理解为名同,表示
有哪个国家曾经失去过它的中产阶级”,从连词and “欧洲人”,但应该用European的复数形式泛指
判断,第二句应表达相类似的意思,也就是说,美国 欧洲人,也可以理解为形容词“欧洲的",后面加上
目前也没有这样的危险(即失去中产阶级),所以要 countries 〇
加上否定词not。注意,本句末尾的yet只是一个加 10. his..+their语篇错误;;本句的主语是Americans,故
强语气的副词,而不是表示转折关系的连词。 此行中his society在指代的单复数上有误。要把
6. holding—held语法错误。此处是分词短语作后置定 his 改作 their。
语,通过hold之后的介词by以及hold与其修饰的
soda丨justice社会公平 release /ri’li:s/ W•发布
fare /fea/ vi•进展 prevention /pri’venj an/ n .预防
inequality /.ini’kwDlati/ /i•不平等 not to mention更不用说
famine /"faemin/ /i.饥荒 devastate AJevasteit/ v•破坏
语 social structure 社会结构 roughly /VAfli/ 似/•大约
境 resurface /ri:'S3:fis/ v丨••靈新露面 in danger o f在...危险中
词
汇 worrisome /*WArisam/ a .令人不安的 dismantle /dis’maentl/ v •拆除,废除
glance /gla: ns/ vl 扫视 yawn /jo:n/ v• 张开,裂开
strain /strein/ vA _紧 cohesion /kau'hi:3an/ /i•凝聚力
harmony /haimam/ rt.和谐 robust /rai/bAst/ a •强键的,健康的
initiative /I'nijativ/ n .主动性 ensure /in'Jua/ v/•确保
V J
• 214 •第 三 章 100篇标准改错训练
Passage 9lJ
Young people are facing an uncertain future. As the 21st
century dawned, they were promised a wealth of prospects unless (1)
they stayed in education or took up with the wide range of training (2)
opportunities. Now, more than 10 years on, their dreams of
education and job opportunities have disintegrated, for reasons far
beyond their control.
While it is something of an adult pastime to complain about
young people, we have to face up with our responsibility for (3)
letting down a generation. The economical crisis has brought with (4)
it a tsunami of jobless young people and many more teenagers
waiting in wings wondering what the future holds. Rather than (5)
jump on the “ aren’ t they all nuisances and responsible riotersM (6)
bandwagon, which would have been an easy movement to make (7)
given the coverage teenagers got over the summer, the government
has produced a paper on how we all need to be Positive For Youth.
Positive For Youth call for a “new partnership approachM in (8)
local areas—between businesses, charities, public services, the
general public and young people—to provide more opportunities
and better support to our teens. For businesses and charities, young
people are their future employers and customers. For public (9)
services, early and positive support can reduce the chances of
public funds wasting in holding young people in expensive secure (10)
provision, or managing the remedial effects of inadequate support
and assistance as they reach young adulthood.
曰期; | fflW I I错误数量统计I
备忘笔记:
215专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是政府对年轻人的支持计划。现在的年轻人面临着一个不确定的未来。在21世纪刚刚来临时,他
们满以为,只要接受了良好的教育和广泛的培训,就一定会有一个美好的未来。但10来年过去了,由于一些无法控
制的原因,他们的教育与就业梦想都已瓦解。对此,社会应承担起相应的责任,“对年轻人的正面引导”就是政府近
来推行的、旨在联合各方力M 给年轻人提供积极帮助和支持的行动计划。
♦ 答案详解〇
1. unless 4f语篇错误。原句在逻辑1•.解释不通。通过 6. responsible -irresponsible 语法错误。该段第一句告
上下文我们可以推断,作者要表达的意思是“在21世 诉我们“成年人总是以抱怨年轻人的种种不是来作为
纪刚刚来临时,他们以为,如果接受了良好的教育和 消遣”,暗示了成年人对年轻人总是给予负面评
广泛的培训,就一定会有一个美好的未来”,故将 价,而且从本句的nuisances, rioters两词来肴,此
unless 改为 if。 处也应该是一个表贬义的词,故改为irresponsible。
2. with _► yvklT词汇错误:take up with 意为“开始 7. movement—*move 词汇错误。movement 意为“运
与..来往,开始产生兴趣”,与此处的the wide range 动,活动,动向”,不符合上下文的意思,而move作
of training opportunities 搭配,解释不通。take up 名词时,有“动作,步骤,措施”的意思,此处与make
意为“开始从爭,占用,占据”,用在此处表示“接受广 搭配使用,表示“采取……行动或措施”。
泛的培训机会”。 8. call —calls语法错误。此句的主语Positive For
3. with _-t«if〇汇错误face up to是间定短语,意为“勇 Youth是某一项活动的名称,是一个单数意义的词
敢面对”。若要与with搭配,则常用于be faced 组,所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
with的结构。 9. empl(丨yers—empbyees词汇错误。对于商家来说,年
4. economical economic词汇错误。经济危机应译为 轻人应该是他们未来的雇员,而不是雇主。
economic crisis,而 economical 的意思为“经济的, 10. wasting -»wasted语法错误c 此处wasting是分间
节约的,合箅的",用在此处,不符合上下文的意思。 短语作后置定语,而waste与fund之间是被动关
5. 八 wings—-the 词汇错误。wait in the wings 是固定 系,表示“被浪费在……上的资金”,故改为过去分
短语,意为“时刻准备着”。 词形式。
uncertain /ArVs3: tan/ a .不确定的 wealth /wel0/ /i•财富
prospect /prospekt/ n. 前镇 take up开始从事,占用
disintegrate /dis’intigreit/ v/•使分裂 beyond one’s contro丨不受某人控制
pastime /*pa:staim/ /i•消逍 let down使失望,辜负
语 economic crisis 经济危机 tsunami /tsju:'na:mi/ n.
境
词 nuisance /*nju: sans/ /i.令人讨厌的人 rioter /Vaiate/ n•闹乱子的人
汇
bandwagon /baend.waegan/ n. 潮流 coverage /kAvaridj/ n•新闻报道
partnership /pa:tnajip/ n .合作 charity /tjaerati/ n .慈祷团体
public services 公共服务 the general public 普通大众
remedial /ri’mi:diel/ a•补救的 inadequate /in’aedikwat/ a•不充分的
assistance /a sistans/ 援助 adulthood /aedAlthud/ /i•成年
• 216 •粜三禀1 0 0當封轵联斟胳转
jesscBa 6gf
jnq-^n‘> pid iuos) dodip^j B〇p\LjCi iu dnq‘s is b u«pA9
pr^jap Mipi i)s omu prsjruopAa Sjeruuier- ,jqaja Aaiti jom
jasiuopou ou 从 ㈣ Xon dbu cqon^ iu dnqs: dnq apbna^a is ⑴
oouoauidp iueruj^ «qon^ pia jouu oj Xonj 3〇ua3jsbp〇‘u uo^ pia )2(
OOU^9U1
v^jiau b iagiper• au^ajs ru^o pia dn‘q Xon miji oyau qaBJ b )g(
oqouis oj juaupjX SjaapuSs jjoiu )fia 〇|fi0J ja8nier&4 pid dnqlfoeri )爹(
erip q^j sjejj xqa jagnjBJ jasdoups jo aB〇q goaapu^ nsn^nX
Bppjassop )fia Siaa^j qA uerua oj ui〇|Dierua* n〇 oua is oouspons )g(
oj oqaXiuS b upa oj J〇ii〇miu8 b jouiup^ Xon mih qa^j pia
serua Siaapug j:[)nef ]u a八如 dnq ]u iqa oonuqti.
xqa M〇jps uibX uo^ aAau qa der^ioip^j d〇n^a: b jagnj^j iubX qa )9(
?ja^ap Mipi” gBp> f〇a厶—qBAau4 % Xon go^ b qoiua \xc 80
io么“ oj ^yfv' fns^ iu jriua ja qnX Xonj i〇nup4 f〇aj a* vv^iau Xon yjs^
au^i b dnq* pou4^ fns^ puu()—sjfv qA sbXiu8 M〇〇〇p 9Aauiu2tt erip )1(
”。oop iuouiju“g‘ b jpaupi^ uop erip b siuji‘a ⑺ jfia q^j
erip pia ia8iper& 讲 pia qer* oonu^aj joj iuos) UBpAa‘s pos Mi[[
)xiSSaj bu BniouiBp^ iajiax gjaapug-jasdous^ ij is oujX b uop )8(
Q〇ut^ M〇ixCy ij pia nu\iei jasdoup is soiuomu^ iasajAap a人 )6(
SoaajruS qdjoaa ojpauu^ Xon q^A8 DoiurunuioB^ap juaupjX
iu^aupous y[iqon3q pus poas u〇i uiBj>a Xon eri ,iusierii ja3njBJ\
.mih qa uopoap* Xonj snqsebnau^ Bj^oiud^s nc iuijr^a ooujfo^ aujj q9 )10(
iaodiAap iuoid jBA〇iRq|X
翠迪B雎 1 浦 蛊凿福霤琅44
ZVL专八改错
♦ 文 章 大 意 ♦
本文讨论的是酒吧交谈。去酒吧不仅要喝酒,更要聊天,交谈是酒吧客人最热衷的活动之一。酒吧交谈是一种
具有独特的语法特点和方言特点的交流方式。酒吧礼仪主要涉及谈话者的交谈方式,而非交谈内容。对于一个酒吧
常客来说,刚踏进酒吧大门时的热情寒暄是必不可少的,这也是那些初来乍到、想融人酒吧文化的酒吧新客们耍学
习的第一课。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. restriction •restrictions 语法错误。few 与复数可数 形式addressing,表示“称呼”。
名词连用,所以此处应该用名词的复数形式。 . particu丨ar +par丨icular丨y 语法错误。此处应该用
6
. about、with 词汇错误。be concerned about 意为 particular的副词形式来修饰形容词polite, 所以改
2
“关心……,担忧……,挂念……”,而be concerned 为其副词形式particularly
with意为“涉及,与……有关系(或有牵连)”。此处 7. and ♦〇!•语篇错误。从逻辑意义上判断,此处应该是从
要表达的意思是“酒吧礼仪主要与交谈方式有关”, Good evening和Good morning中选择其一,而不是
所以用with,而不用about。 两者兼而有之,所以要用表示选择关系的连词or。
3. into 词汇错误。enter表示“进人(门,房间等)” . Aif—even语篇错误。if单独使用表示“如果”,even
8
这一基本意思时用作及物动词。而enter into表示 if表示“即使”,此处要表达的意思是“即使仅仅是--
“卷入(活动,境况,事件),开始从事或者成为……的 个点头,也会引发(对方)自动的问候回应”,所以此
—部分(或因素)”。在这里只强调进人酒吧这个动 处应补上even。
作,故删掉into。
9. respond ■►response语法错误。这里应选用一个名词,
4. the (other丨一*0丨<词汇错误。这里 other regulars 泛 与the initial搭配共同构成句子的主语,故用名同
指在酒吧喝酒的酒吧常客,而不是特指所有在座的 sponse 替换动词 respond。
酒吧常客,所以去掉表示特指的定冠词the;>
. Ayour mnd语法错误。此处逗号前后是两个完整
10
5. addressed •addressing 语法错误。addressed 在此处 的句子,不能仅仅用逗号连接,应补上合适的连词。
是动词的分词形式作状语,而address与其逻辑主 而前后两句之间是并列关系,所以补上连词and
语The regular是主动关系,所以应选用现在分词
distinctive /di’stirjktiv/ a.独特的 etiquette /"etiket/ /i.礼节,礼仪
regu丨ar /Vegjula/ n•常客 chorus /koiras/ n . 齐声
publican /pAblikan/ /i.酒吧老板 address sb. by...用...称呼某人
语 follow a formu丨a 遵守惯例、常规 ritual /Vitjual/ /i•例行仪式
境
词 buy one’s round 某人请客 round /raund/ /i•(分发给在座者的)一份
汇
trigger Ariga/ v•弓I 发 automatic /o:t9’maetik/ a .自动的
reflex /ri:fleks/ a. 有反应的 reserved /ri’Z3:vd/ a.话不多的
intention /in tenj an/ /i•意图 subsequent /*SAbsikwant/ a. 随后的
initiate /I’nijieit/ v•开始 [3¥0 四 1) 丨 ^/^61^ 「 91) 丨 1/ 似/.顺利地
• 218 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 93j
The most consistently identified teacher effectiveness
variable is time on task. That is, the more time that students spend
on learning specific academic content, the better they will learn it.
Distinction is made between allocated time on task (the time that
teachers allocate to particular instructional activities) and engaged
time on task (the time that students actually spend engaged in
instruction). Because no consistent relation has been seen between ( )
1
allocated time on task and academic achievement, research has
demonstrated that engaged time on task is positive related to ( )
2
academic achievement.
Strategies for maximizing engaged time on task have been
identified and included effectively managing transitions, avoiding ( )
3
digressions and other irrelevant verbalizations, and manage ( )
4
classroom behavior. Sometimes, teachers can improve
student-engaged time on task by examining the amount of
allocated time for class and monitoring their own teacher
behaviors more closely. For example, teachers may find that they
start classes 5 minutes late, end classes 5 minutes early, stop
during the middle of class to search for relevant instructional
materials, and stop to manage appropriate classroom behaviors. (5)
Once such target areas are identified, teachers can design strategies
to improve each area that will lead in increasing the amount of ( )
6
student-engaged time on task during classes.
Effective teacher presentations have also been identified.
Teachers minimize achievement when their presentations contain (7)
elements as structure of lesson, clarity of teacher presentation, ( )
8
redundancy in emphasizing important concepts, and enthusiasm.
Structure includes listing students’ attention, providing a lesson (9)
overview that includes lesson objectives, providing outlines of the
lesson and to indicating when transitional points occur, and ( )
10
summarizing and reviewing key points as the lesson proceeds.
219专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是有效的教学技巧。本文首先提出衡fit教师教学有效性的一个指标是完成教学任务的时间,然后
提出教师教学所分配的特定时间和学生投人学习的时间两个概念,并得出结论学生对任务所投人的时间和学术成
果呈正相关。而课觉上使学生投人时间扱大化的策略在于避免离题和不相关语言以及控制课堂行为等作者接/f
举例说明如何在i果堂上提高学生投人的时间,并具体列举了一个因素:教师的课堂表述
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
1. Because -Althmigh/Though 语篇错误。此处遮住 要改为inappropriate,使诘义正确通顺
because,可知主千部分的意思为“任务指定时间和
. lead—►result或ln~»to词汇错误。此处考査的是短语
6
学术成果之间苻起来没有一致关系”,这和后半句 搭配问题,该处谣要一个表示“导致”含义的短语,根
的“任务投人时间和卞术成果呈正相关”之间不存在 据所提供的词语,可以将lead改为result,或将in
因果关系,而是让步关系,即:尽符任务指定时间和 改为to,lead to和result in都可以表示“导致”。
学术成果之间苻起来没冇一致关系,研究表明任务
7. minimize—maximize语ES错误。本句列举的教师表
投人时间和学术成果呈正相关。这样表述语句才通
述所包含的耍索,例如:课文结构、表述淸晰、对®要
所以改为引导让步状语从句的连词。
概念的 复强调以及充满热怙,都是对教师课堂成
1
. positive -positively ift法错误此处 positive 是川来
2 就有利的耍索,所以集中这些要尜是对课喷教学相
修饰related的,故应该要用副同形式positively短
积极作用的,而不是消极作用.这里提到的教师课喷
语be related to表示“与...相关”。
成就也应该是会达到“最大化”,故要将minimize改
3. included —include语法错误。此处考丧时态的运HI。 为 maximize。
根据上下文,这里include(包括)应该和have been
. Aas—such间汇错误。根据上下文,此处作#用并列
8
identified (已经确定)作并列谓语include的动作是
的方式列举了 4项教师表述所包含的积极特征,这
一个可重复、一般性的动作,所以应该用一般现在
些特征能使教师的课堂成就扱大化所以这里应该
时。其主语足strategies,所以要将其分词形式改为
增加such和后面的as构成搭配,意思是“例如”
动M 原形,作句子的谓语。
9. listing—enlisting i司汇错误. listing是名网,也吋抒
4. manage ► managing词汇错误。作为策略所包括的
作动同的现在分词形式,此处明显是要一个动词构
内容,managing c丨assroom behavior应该和前面的
成动宾短语作句子的宾语.list作动同的意思是“列
managing transitions, avoiding digressions... 人;列举”,放在此处明敁语义不通,enlist作动调,意
verbalizations构成并列结构的动名间短语.由
思是“争取”,此处总为“争取学生的注意力”,所以
and连接所以此处要将manage改为managing
要将 listing 改为 enlisting
5. appropriate—inappropriatei/丨篇错误该句正是作
. to—〆语法错误此处分词短语indicating还是和前
10
者在举例说明如H 在课堂上提高学生的任务投人时 面的 enlisting providing (a lesson)以及providing
间,所有的行为应该都是为了这个目的ifti服务的,如 (outlines)并列作句子 iF/ ift (Structure) includes 的
果在课堂上还要停下来去管理“不恰当的”课堂行 宾语,由并列连间and连接所以此处的indicating
为,则和这个目的背迫而驰。所以,根据上下文语境, 要和前面的形式保持一致,应刪去多余的to
consistenUy /kan’sistantli/ 似/. 一贯地 effectiveness /I’fektivnis/ w•有效
variable /Veariabl/ •变 W distinction /dis’tigkj an/ /i•区分
allocate /aelakeit/ v/•分配 instructional /in’strAkJ anal/ a•教’广的
语
境 engaged /in geid 3 d/ a•占用的 maximize /"maeksimaiz/ v/.增加到最大限度
词 digression /dai’grej an/ /i•离题 irre丨evant /irel9V9nt/ a. 不相关的
)L
verbalization /.V3:balai zeiJ an/w•以丨Yi/i表现 presentation /.prezan'teij an/ /i. S 现
clarity /klaerati/ n.淸楚,明晰 redundancy /rid八ndansi/ w. 冗余,过剩
enthusiasm /in’0ju:ziaez3m/ w•热情 enlist /in’list/ v/• 争取,获得(赞助 支持等)
V 4 )
. 220 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 94|
The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange
of ideas. Given the relatively a few restrictions governing access ( )
1
and usage, it is the communications modal equivalence of ( )
2
international waters. However I am also troubled by the possible
unintended negative consequences.
There has been much talk about the new information age.”
44
But much is less widely reported has been the notion that the ( )
3
Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragment of society ( )
4
by alienating its individual users. At first this might sound like an
apparent contradiction: how can something which is on the one ( )
5
hand responsible for global unification by enabling the
free exchange of ideas alienate the participant? ( )
6
I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what
he described as a “problem” with the Internet. When I questioned
about him further he said that he was "addicted/* and has "forced" ⑺
himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that
moderate use of the Internet was just possible for him. I have not ( )
8
known this fellow to be given to exaggeration, therefore when he
described his internet binges, when he would spend over
twenty-four hours on line non-stop, it gave me pause to think. He
said, “the Internet isn't true, but I was spending all my time on ( )
9
line, so I just had to stop.” He went on to say that all of the time
that he spent on line might have skewed his sense of
reality, and that it made him feel lonely and depressing. (i〇)
j
^完成曰期: 了《¥ ] 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
221专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是网络的消极影响。互联网为人们提供了一个很好的自由沟通平台。然而,网络也可能带来一些意
想不到的负面影响。网络将促进社会分裂,使用户远离真实的生活环境。乍听起来这似乎是个明® 的矛盾:为何网
络会一方面促进全球思想的自由交流,而另一方面又使其用户感情疏远了呢?但亊实确实如此。
♦ 答 案 详 解 ♦
. a 〆语篇错误文章第一句告诉我们“互联网提供 以which改为that
1 1
了一个自由交流思想的平台”,因此我们可以推断使 . participant--► participants词汇错误。此处要表达的
6
用互联网进行交流时的限制是很少的,本句应强调 意思是“网络使其使用者的关系变得疏远",从逻
的意思是“少”,所以去掉不定冠词a,用few表示
辑意义上判断,应该用复数概念的名词,所以用
“少”或者“几乎没有”的意义。 participant 的复数形式 participanteo
. equivalence -^equivalent 词汇错误。equivalent of 7. about—^botif间汇错误question是及物动间,意为
2
是固定搭配,表示“...的对等物".modal equiva “询问;质问;怀疑;对……表示异议”。当表示“向……
lent of international waters 从语法上来讲是后置 询问...”时,通常用 question sb. aboul/on sth.结
定语,幣句的意思是“上网的途径及网络的应用所受 构。此处与sb.连用,不需要加任何介同,所以去掉
到的限制相对较少,就这点来说,网络交流在形式上 about
相当于在国际海域航行"。 . /\ possible—*not 或 possible—*impossil)le 语篇错误。
8
3. is—〆语法错误。此句结构进行了倒装,主语为the 原句在意义上不符合逻辑前句中alcoholic(洒鬼)
notion.谓语动词应该是has been,而表语much 一词提示我们:“我”的朋友已深陷在网络之中,不能
less widely reported则提前,所以去掉多余的be
自拔,所以适度地使用电脑对他来说已经是不可能
动词is,,整句的意思是“我们很少听到关于这一说法
的了。原句表达的意思正好相反,所以应加上否定词
的报道:网络可能进一步加深社会分裂,因为它使 not,或者将 possible 改为 impossible。
网络使用者的关系变得疏远”。 9. true—>real词汇错误。real强调人或1丨f物真实的存
4. fragment ifranmentation 闾汇错误。fragment 的意 在,而不是想象或虚构的。true则强调是符合事实
思为“碎片;片断或不完整部分”.fragmentation的
的,是真的,而不是假的。此处要表达的意思是“网络
意思为“破碎;分裂”,作者要表达的意思是“网络要 不是真实存在的"。所以应该用real。
对助长社会分裂负责任",所以用fragmentation
. depressing -•■depressed 词汇错误。depressing 意为
10
替换 fragment。
“令人失望的用于修饰事物;depressed意为“失
5. which -*that语法错误。此处是定语从句,修饰 望的”,用于修饰人,此处depressing逻辑上的主语
something,而当先行词是不定代同或者被不定代 为him(he),所以应该用过去分词形式。
词所修饰时,关系代词通常用that,而不用which,所
forum /*fo:ram/ /!•讨论会 moda丨 /Vnaudal/ a. 形式的
equ丨valent /I'kwivalant/ /I•等价物 consequence /kDnsikwans/ n .结果
notion /nauJan/ /i. 概念 fragmentation /fraegmanteiJan/ /i•破碎
语 alienate /eilieneit/ v•疏远 apparent /a'paerdnt/ a. 然的
境 contradiction /.kDntra’dikJ^n/ n•矛盾 addicted /a’diktid/ a•上稳的
if]
off-line a. 脱机的 alcoholic /.aelka holik/ n•酒鬼
汇
in that因为 moderate Armdarit/ a.适度的
exaggeration /ig,zaed a reij an/ /i•夸张 binge /bind / /i. 无节制的行为
3 3
non-stop a. 不停的 skew /skju:/ v.歪斜;扭曲
V J
. 222 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 95j
I was in northern Kenya, which is suffering through the worst
drought to hit the Horn of Africa in 60 years. The toll of
deprivation is everywhere. In the village of Kursin, emaciated
livestock is collapsing in the middle of town; the local headmaster, ( )
1
Ismael Ali, told me they’ve “had a problem with dead carcasses
around the school.” Attendance has dropped sharply at the (2)
beginning of the year, as many families left with the parched (3)
region with their flocks, some even crossed into war-tom Somalia (4)
in search of food.
The drought has been mounting for a year, but it wasn't until
the crisis peaked over the summer that the news media and most
international donors took notice. It’s a familiar cycle: first comes (5)
the news media pictures of emaciated infants, followed by
conferences on how to do better next time, visitors from top-level ( )
6
government officials and large financial commitments from
international organizations and even donors like China and the
Ikea Foundation. The United States Agency for International
Development and the Ad Council have even begun a celebrity
public service campaign with the actors Uma Thurman and Josh
Hartnett.
This is good news; the assistance is badly needed. Yet the
mismatch in timing rises a question that bedevils aid agencies. (7)
Like earthquakes or hurricanes, droughts and food price increases ( )
8
take time to develop, and the resulting hunger crises are forecast
well in advance. FYom water harvest to livestock support to cash (9)
assistance, there are a plenty of steps that have moderated the ( )
10
current crisis. Why weren*t they taken?
i fflWI i
^ 完成日期 | 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
223专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是t 尼亚旱情及救援状况。背尼亚的北部正遭受春严t 的旱灾役袭,伤亡随处可见,牲畜丨丨渐消
瘦,还有尸体堆积在学校附近,,从年初开始,学校学生的出勤率就开始严® 下滑,很多家庭都离开了干旱的家闶,有
些家庭甚至进人战火连连的索马里去寻求食物疗尼亚旱灾已经持续了一年,但直到今年M 天早情S 严® 的时候,
新闻媒体和闻际梠助才开始给予关注。如果救援及早介人,情况可能就不会如此ffl糕了。
♦ 答案详解♦
. is +are语法错误livestock(牲畜,家畜)是一个集合 . visitors—visits词汇错误。从上下文来看,此处要表
1 6
名同,形式上是单数,但却表示复数意义,所以此处 达的.S思是“政府岛层官员的来汸”,而不是“来自政府
谓语动间应该用复数 窃层官员的访客",而且从句子结构来矜.followed
. at—since词汇错误。该句使用了完成时态,完成时态
by后接的并列宾语均指物,这包括conferences
2
和commitments,所以此处也应该用一个指物的宾
通常与since等引导的表示“一段时间”的状语连
语,故把visitors改为visits
用,而不与某一时间点连用,所以用since替换at。
7. rises -^raises词汇错误a rise是不及物动词.衣示■•升
3. with—ivrtfTi司汇错误。leave与with连用时,通常用
起,上涨”;raise是及物动词,有“提出,引起”的意
在 leave... with*..或者 be left with...结构中,表示“把
思,用在此处意为“提出质疑,引起质疑”。
……留给……(照料或处理)”,此处无论是用主动结
. Like—Unlike语篇错误。原句在意义上不符合逻辑,
构还是被动结构,都解释不通.此句要表达的意思是 8
地谣和飓风并不悚孕灾和食物价格上涨一样是逐渐
“很多家庭都带t 羊群离开这个干旱的地区”,所以
发展的灾难,它们是突发性的,前后并不是同类列
要刪掉witl^ leave后直接接地方,表“离开某处”。
举,所以此处应该用表示否定意义的间Unlike。
4. /\some-_*and 或 crossed—crossing 语法错误。此行
9. harvest---harvesting 词汇错误。harvest 作名阏时表
中前后两句都是完整.独立的句子且动间都是谓语
示“收获,产M,结果”,用在此处解释不通.haivest
动同形式,所以不能仅仅用逗号连接。可以用连词
用作动词时,可表示“获得”的意思,用在此处意为
and连接,或者将crossed改为crossing.使后句中
“获得水资源”,所以此处应该用其动名词形式。
的动词变成非谓语动词形式,成为独立主格结构作
. Ahave jcould语法错误从后面的反问句可以推
状语。 10
断耶些缓解灾难的措施并没有被采用,所以此处
5. comes—»come语法错误。此句是倒装句,come的主
应使用虚拟语气,表达一种遗憾的语气:我们本来
语是 the news media pictures of emaciated infants,
可以采取一些措施来缓解目前的灾难用could +
是一个复数概念的短语,所以动词也要用复数形式;
have done来表示“本来可以做而没做……”。
toll /taul/ /!•损失 deprivation /depriveiJan/ /i•剥夺,丧失
emaciated /i meij ieitid/ a .瘦弱的,憔tf•的 livestock /laivstok/ n•牲畜
collapse /ka'Iaeps/ W .突然或完全跨下 carcass /*ka:kas/ /i•(动物的)尸体
语 attendance /a’tendans/ /i.出席人数 parch /pa:tj/ v/•使极干极热
境
flock /fbk/ n•(牲畜等的>群 war-torn a.饱受战争创伤的
词
汇 mount /maunt/ v丨•.增加 donor /dauna/ n. iHW#
1 〇卩 -^6 丨仏敁高阶层的 celebrity /si'lebreti/ n•名人
assistance /a'sistans/ /i. fi!»s 助,协助 mismatch /.mismaetj/ v/•配合不当
bedevil /bi'deval/ v/.使苦恼 in advance 预先
V J
• 224 •第三章100篇标准改错训练(^ 3
Passage 96j_______________________________________________
If you were starting a top university today, what would it
look like? You would start by gathering very best minds from ⑴
around the world, from every discipline. Since we're living in an
age of abundant, not scarcely, information, you’ d curate the ( )
2
lectures carefully, with a focus on the new and original, rather
than offer a course on every possible topic. You’d create a
sustainable economic model by focusing on technological rather
than physical infrastructure, and by getting people of mean to ( )
3
pay for a specialized experience. You’d also construct a robust
network so people could access to resources whenever and from ⑷
wherever they like, and you’d give them the tools to collaborate
beyond the lecture hall. Why not fulfill the university ( )
5
millennium-old mission by sharing ideas freely and as widely as ( )
6
possible?
If you did all that, well, you’d have TED.
Its faculty*: A roster of speakers that run from Bill Clinton to (7)
4
J.J. Abrams, from Desmond Tutu to Isabel Allende—anyone
who’s driving change across the globe. Their topics range from
biophysics to graphic design, covering all what Roman ⑻
playwright Terentius might have had on mind when he said, ( )
9
“Nothing human is alien to me.” The economic model? With
attendance fees, advertising, and corporate sponsorships, TED
ran an operating surplus of more than million last year, which
$2
was reinvested into expanding its reach. That’s because like (i〇)
fearful old-school colleges, TED is finding that the more open it
is, the more it becomes the global education brand of the st
21
century.
< 完成曰期丨 |用 时 | 1错误数量统计
备忘笔记:
225专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论开放教育。没有美丽的校园,却有海《的信息;没有固定的课堂,却有前沿的资汛;没有专职的老师,
却有全世界各个领域最顶尖的专业人士—— TED让人们可以随时随地分享无价的知识。与那些可怕的传统大学
不同,TED发现当它变得越开放,它就越成为21世纪的全球教疗品牌。
♦ 答案详解♦
1. 八very *丨he语法错误。best minds表示“最优秀的 过尽可能自由和广泛地分享想法来戕行大学千年来
人才”,形容同最萵级前面需加定冠词the, very是 的使命?”此处是as... as possible的结构,表示“尽
best的修饰词,the应放在其前面。 可能...",故应采用as freely的形式,与 as
2. scarcely —scarce词汇错误。此处语义与abundant widely 并列。
相对,也作定语修饰information,应该同样用形容 7. run—runs语法错误。句中主语是faculty,a roster
词形式scarce,表示“不足的”。 of speaker是同位语。谓语动同需用第三人称单数
3. mean—means 词汇错误。a man of means 表示••富
形式,run要改成runs。
人'means意为“收入,财 富 此 处 mean要用复数 . what—that语法错误。此处是定语从句,修饰先行同
8
形式。 all的定语从句只能用that引导。直接删掉all、用
4. to—〆词汇错误。本题考査的是access的用法。
what引导名词性从句作covering的宾语也符合语
access既可以作名词,表示“进入;通道”,也可以作 法规则,但是句意会有所改变。上文提到话题广
及物动同,表示“接近;得到” 本句中access作动词 泛,此处用all that更贴近。
用时,不需要跟to。 9. on—in词汇错误。have sth. in mind是固定搭配,
5. university—university’s 语法错误此处 university
表示“记住某事”,介词on应改为in。
与millenniuniK)ld —样,修饰mission,故应该用所 . like—unHke语篇错误。上文一直在讲开放式教育,
10
有格形式 university’s 3 此处提到的old-school colleges指的是传统教育,
. 八freely—as词汇错误。本句的意思是“为什么不通 下文的the more open就明显表明开放式教育与
6
传统教育的不同了,此处应该将like换成unlike,
f
discipline /"disiplin/ /丨•学科 abundant /a bAndant/ a.大 fii 的
scarce /skeas/ a.不足的 sustainab丨e /sa steinabl/ a.可持续的
infrastructure "rrfrastrAktJ a/ /i.坫础建设 robust /rai/bAst/ a.健康的
语
access /aekses/ v/•接近 collaborate /ka’laebareit/ v•合作
境
词 millennium /mi'lemam/ n. T■年 roster /Yosta/ n. 花名册
汇
biophysics /baiau'fiziks/ n•生物物理学 graphic /graefik/ a•绘丨田丨的
alien to与...不同的 attendance /a'tendans/ n. 出席
sponsorship /*spnns9jip/ n. 赞助 surplus /saiplas/ n .盈余
J
• 226 •100
第三章 篇标准改错训练
Passage 97j
English is one of the world’s most widely spoken languages.
This is partly because it was the language of the British Empire.
The empire once controlled so much of the world when it was said (1)
that the Sun never set on the British Empire.
England, the birthplace of English, takes on most of the island (2)
of Great Britain. It is one of the four land that form the United (3)
Kingdom. The English that people speak there today is quite
differed from the English that was spoken long ago. If you were (4)
read a book by Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the early writers of (5)
English, someone would have to explain it to you what many ( )
6
words mean.
England has product many famous writers since Chaucer. (7)
They include such poets as John Milton and Percy Bysshe Shelley
and such novelists as Jane Austen and Charles Dickens. England is
also known for its theater. That art has remained important since
the time of playwright William Shakespeare some 400 years ago.
England’s Oxford and Cambridge are two of the oldest universities
in the world. The country* s contributions of classical and folk ⑻
music, as well as to rock and roll, are also important. ItJs not hard (9)
to imagine what rock would be like if there hadn’t been English
performers such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and David
Bowie. The English also discovered two of the world's most (l〇)
popular sports: football (known as “soccer” in the United States)
and cricket.
i j i
^ 完成日 |用 时 | ~ 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
227专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是英W 国家概况。文章首段介绍了英语为世界上使用范闱最广的语言第二段讲述了英格兰楚英
语的起源地,是大不列颠联合王国的四大组成之一。第三段介绍了英格兰文学艺术以及体育方面的情况:此段开头
通过雪莱、狄更斯等人的例子,说明英格兰盛产作家,接衣介绍了剑桥和牛津两所名校以及英格兰对音乐的贡献。
文章圾后还告诉我们 英同人发明了足球和板球这两种受人欢迎的运动
,
♦ 答案详解♦
. when Mha丨语法错误。根据句意“英国矜经控制Hi界 你不得不接受某人为你解释其中许多同语的总思,”
1
如此多的地方”以及“它被称为日不落大英帝国”可 6. it—〆语法错误^ explain的用法为explain sth. to
知,从句并不表示主句发生的时间,而是主句的结果, sb.,在此用法中宾语也可以放到to sb.的后面,即为
so... that...引导结果状语从句,表示“如此……以 explain to sb. sth.,本句中what引导的从句作解
致……”,放在此处符合句意,故将when改为that。 释的内容,因此本行中的it多余.故刪除。
. on >up词汇错误,take on的意思为“呈现;承担”, 7. product—► produced 词汇错误。product 为名词,意
2
用于此处,句意+通take up意为“占据",放在这里 为“产品,产物”,其后又紧接一个名同结构many fa>
表示“英格兰占据了大不列颠岛的很大一部分”,故 mous writers.:假设has是 作 语 ,ffUt•也不能接双
将on改为up。 宾根据提示词since,可以推测此处主句耑要Ifj现
3. land—*1ands词汇错误。在“one of+名词”的结构中, 在完成时,故把product改为其动㈤的过去分N 形式
名间需要用数形式。故将land改为lands丨and作 produced,与has —起构成完成时态,表示“已经产
名词表示“陆地,大地,地域”时为不可数名词,此处
生”。
为可数名词,意为“国土”。
. of_ -to 词汇错误。contributions to..• 为间定搭fid,
8
4. differed 丨词汇错误。如果川differ表示A 表示"对……的贡献”,根据后面的as well as可知,
与B 不同,需用A differs from B 句塑,且前曲不能 这里与to rock and roll是一致、相呼应的,故将of
加系动间,故此处用is differed from不妥。be 改为to。
different from为固定表达,也表示“与……不同”,
9. not—pflfift篇错误。前一句提到英国对流行和古典
故将 differed 改为different。
音乐也有t 要的贡献,所以可以推断“如果没有英M
5. /\read—to语法错误。were read为动W 过去式的
著名的表演者例如披头士……”,应该是“难”以想象
被动语态,此处“你”和读书在逻辑上是主动关系,故
摇滚乐会如何发展。若用not hanl,则与文章语义相
此种说法有误。根据if可以猜测这里是用虚拟语气,衣 反,不符合逻辑,应将not刪掉
3
示对将来情况的主观推测,主句为should/would/
. discovered—丨nvented Nfl:错 误 discover 指以前
10
could/might+do,从句用 if+主语+were to do 的形
存在的东西被人发现了,用于此不符合句意。根据
式。此处符合这种用法,故加上to,整句意为“如果你
常识,足球和板球是之前没有的,是新发明的,故将
要读一本杰弗里•乔叟(英国早期作家之一)的书,
discovered 改为 invented..
f
empire /*empai9/ /!•帝闰 birthplace /*b3:0pleis/ /i• 出生地,故乡
take u p 占据 form /fo:m/ vt 构成,组成
语 Kingdom /kiQdam/ n•王国 produce /pra djuis/ v t, 生产
境
be known for因....而闻名 remain /ri'mein/ W• 仍然是,依旧是
词
汇 playwright /pleirait/ /i•剧作家 contribution /.kontri'bjurjan/ n.货献
folk /fauk/ a .民间的 rock and roll 摇滚乐
performer /pef3:ma/ /i. 表演 # cricket /krikit/ /i•板球
. J
• 228 .第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 98J
Poetry can be compared to painting. When you look at a work
of art, you first see it for what it is_ a depiction of a person, an
animal, a place, or a thing. You’ U notice the colors and the
textures, and maybe how the light shines across a window or
(1)
highlights a patch of flowers. These are the things what you see on
(2)
the surface. Then you look a little close at some of the fine details.
⑶
How did the painter make white paint to look silver against blue
W
drapery? How did the artist catch that sad look in the eyes of the
child? How on earth did it actually make an apple look so real that (5)
you could always reach out and grab it off the table?
⑹
Now what about abstract art? What do you see in these
paintings? Strange shapes and images—are they recognized? Do
⑺
they make you feel a certain way? When you look at abstract art,
maybe you don’t necessary see as much as you are actually
feeling.
To some people, poetry is like abstract art. Some people feel
that poetry is too objective to the artist for the reader to be able to
fully understand it. How can you make the sense of words that
⑼
don’t necessarily say a story? To appreciate art, you must first (10)
appreciate your own sensibilities, and then you must appreciate
form and texture. With poetry, you start with an appreciation of
and trust for your own feelings, and then you examine your
appreciation of words and the magic they make when they’re used
together.
f f
完成日期| |用时| 错误数置统计|
备忘笔记:
229专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是诗歌。文章以“诗歌可以比作绘W ”开头,引出话题。作者说,当你在欣赏一幅绘W 作品时,t 先你
会观察_ 表面的东西,然后你会关注更多小细节,比如光是怎样穿过窗户的等等。然后,作者提出了抽象并将对
抽象_ 和对诗歌的鉴赏进行了对比,告诉读者该如何鉴赏诗歌、,
♦ 答案详解♦
. across—thrminh词汇错误。此处表达的是“你将注 存在的,因此不可能“总是”伸出手并把它从桌子上
1
意到阳光如何穿过窗户' across指“从某物表面穿 拿下来.always用于此不妥。而almost表示“几乎”,
过",例如:across the street(穿过马路)。而表示 用在此处,体现了艺术家所_ 苹果的逼真。
“从某物里面穿过”时:要用through,这里阳光是 7. recognized-*recognizable 词汇错误。recognized 是
从窗户中穿过,故 要 将 across改为through 指“认出”以前认识的人或物,而recognizable怠
. what —that/which 或 what-‘what 语法错误。本句的 为“(某物)可识别的”,这些奇怪的形状和意象应该
2
主干部分为 These are the things,you see on 是以前没有看过的,故用recognizable合适,W 此将
the surface为定语从句.修饰先行词things,在该 recognized 改为 recognizable,:
定语从句中,引导词在从句中作see的宾语,故引导 . objective—•■subjective语篇错误,- 这段首句提到“对
8
词应改为that/which或者省略。
于某些人来说,诗歌好似抽象艺术”,而依据本句的
3. close—closer同汇错误 前文提到“观看艺术品,首 句型too... to...(太……而不能……)可以推测,这里
》
先看的是表面的东西",此句表明“然后近一点看这 “诗歌不能让读者充分理解”应该是因为其太具有作
些小细节”,由此可以看出,从“看表面”到“荇细节”, 者的“主观任意性”。objective表示“客观的”,即不
距离由远及近,两种情况相对比,这里应该是表示 带个人感情色彩的,这样应该是不会造成大众的理
“更近一点”,故将close改为其比较级closer。 解闲难,故此处用objective不符合语义。另外
4. to—〆语法错误。根据上下文语义,make在此作使 abstract与subjective在语义上也是相关联的如,
役动词,意为“使……"。当谓语为使役动词时,若不 故将 objective 改为 subjective
定式作宾补,此时需省略不定式符号to,即make 9. the— 词汇错误。make sense of sth. 为间定搭
sb. do sth•,故需删除to 配,意为“弄明白”,表示理解或弄慷闲难的或无法理
。
5. it—he语法错误。上一行说“艺术家如何捕捉孩子眼 解的审物,sense前不® 要加冠同,故将the刪除。注
中的悲伤? ”而本行提到“它到底如何使得(_ 上去 意此短语若无of,则表示其他含义,make sense
的)苹果如此真实……? ”可看出本行的“它”指的就是 意为“有意义;有道理”。
前两句分別提到的the painter和the artist, 都il . say—tell词汇错误。tell意为“告诉、讲述”,指某人
10
指人,故需将it改为he。 把某一件# 、一条信息告诉別人或讲述一件书。say右
. always- ^almost词汇错误。前半句说“艺术家如何使 S 说话的内容,后面一般接具体的话。tell a stoiy
6
得(_ 上去的)苹果如此真实”,可见苹果并不是真实 为固定搭配,意为“讲故贺",故将say改为tell。
/
compare…to.••把...比作... depiction /di'pikjdn/ n• 描绘,描述
texture /tekstja/ /I.质地;(材料等的)结构 highlight /hailait/ v/• 突出,使显著
语
a patch of —片,一块 drapery /dreipari/ /i.布料,织物
境
词 abstract /aebstraekt/ a .抽象的 recognizable /Vek9gnaizabl/fl.可 i只別的
汇
subjective /SAb’d3ektiv/ a• 主观(上)的 make sense of 弄清楚
appreciate /9’pri:Jieit/ v/•欣赏 sensibility /.sens9'bilati/ n•感受力;敏感性
• 230 •第三章100篇标准改错训练
Passage 99 J
Arabic language is one of the world’s most widely used
languages. It is the officer language of many Arab nations in the (1)
Middle East and northern Africa. There are two types of Arabic,
spoken and written. Spoken Arabic comprises of dialects in (2)
different areas of the Arabic-speaking world. These dialects can be
rough divided into Gulf, Iraqi, Levantine, Maghrebi, North (3)
Egyptian, Saudi, South Egyptian and Sudanese, and Tunisian.
These dialect areas can be subdivided farther. Written Arabic (4)
serves as the standard written language of all Arab nations. It is the
descendant of the language of the Quran, the scared book of the (5)
Islamic religion. Arabs use a spoken form of written Arabic for
radio and TV news broadcasts, and in plays and motion pictures.
This form also serves as a common spoken language for Arabs
who speaks different dialects. Arabic belongs to the Semitic ( )
6
language groups, and is thus related to Hebrew and Ethiopic. The
Arabic alphabet has 28 symbols. The alphabet is written from right
to left or from the top of the page to the bottom. The alphabet
appears in the ALPHABET article.
No one knows when Arabic originally developed, and people (7)
of the Arabian Peninsula were the first use it. During the A.D. ( )
8
600s, Islam spread throughout southwestern Asia and northern
Africa, and the Arabic language was introduced in these areas.
Since the mid-1900s, many Arab countries have played (9)
increasingly important role in world affairs. In a result, Arabic has (10)
become a mgjor language in international business and politics.
af
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备忘笔记:
231专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文主要介绍了世界上使用范围最广的语言之— 阿拉伯语。文章开头就指出阿拉伯语为中东和北
非许多国家的官方语言。接着介绍阿拉伯语的两大类型:阿拉伯口语和阿拉伯书面语。其后又介绍了有关阿拉伯
口语和书面语的细化分类、用途、所诚语族以及阿拉伯语字母。第二段主要概述了阿拉伯语的发展历史以及对当今
世界经济与政治的影响。
♦ 答案详解♦
. officer '-officia丨同汇错误。officer意为“长官,官员”, 导的定语从句修饰Arabs,根据主谓一致的原则,
1
用于此处,句意不通。“官方语言”应用official lan 此处动词应该配合复数名词Arabs而改为复数
guage 来表示 .故将 officer 改为 official 形式speak。
. of 或 comprises—.consists 词汇错误。com 7. and—bul语篇错误。根据句意“没人知道阿拉伯
2
prise 为及物动词,表示“由 ……组成",后面不笛 语最初发展于何时”以及“阿拉伯半岛的人最先
要跟介词of,故将of刪除,此外,consists of也 使用它”,可看出两个分句之间并非是并列关系,
表示“由...组成”,W 此本题也可将compris 而是转折关系,故将and改为but。
es 改为 consists, . first A —to 语法错误。在 people...use it 中谓语
8
3. rough **roughly词汇错误。形容词rough不能修 动词为were,故use不能用动词原形,只能用动
饰动词divided,故此处流将形容词rough改为 词的非谓语形式。此处在use前加to,用不定式作
副词形式roughly,表示“粗略地,大致地”。 后K 定语修饰the first,表示“最先使用阿拉伯
4. farther ^further 词汇错误:farther 意为“更远的”, 语的人”,符合上下文语义。
通常用以表示具体地理空间的距离,用于此处, 9. played 八—an 词汇错误。play a role in..•是间
明M 不妥。只有ftirther可用以表示抽象意义的“更 定搭配,意为“在……方面起作用”。此处的
加”或“进一步”的意思,故此处需要用further。 played后面缺少不定冠同,且由于increasingly是
5. scared ► sacred词汇错误。逗号后面的the... 以元音开头的词,故需要在played后加上不定冠
book是作Quran (古兰经)的同位语,对其进行 词an
补充说明。过去分词scared作形容词表示“害怕的”, . In-»As词汇错误。as a result为固定搭配.意
10
而形容词sacred意为“神圣的”,古兰经是伊斯 为"作为结果,因此”,故将In改为As。此处意
兰宗教中的圣书,故用sacred符合语义。 为“因此,阿拉伯语已经成为目前闻际经济和政
. speaks -speak语法错误t,分析句子结构,who引 治中使用的一门主要语言。”
6
Arab丨c /"aerabik/ a .阿拉伯人的 official /a’fijal/ a•官方的
comprise /kam'praiz/ v/.构成,组成 dialect Aiaielekt/ /i.方言
语 roughly />Afli/ 粗略地,大致地 Saudi /*saudi/a.沙特阿拉伯的
境
词 Egyptian /i’d3ipj an/ fl•埃及的 Sudanese /su:da'ni:z/ a.苏丹的
汇
Tunisian /tju:’nizi8n/ a .突尼斯的 subdivide /.SAbdi vaid/ W•细分
descendant /disendant/ /i.后裔,后代 sacred /seikrid/ a•神圣的
alphabet /*aelfabet/ n•字母表 peninsu丨a /pa’ninsjula/ n•半岛
• 232 •第三章100篇 标 准 改 错 训 练 ^
— Passage 1〇〇 |
More than 2,000 years ago, the philosopher Socrates
wandered around Athens asking questions, an approach to find (1)
truth that thinkers venerated ever since. In modem times, the ( )
2
Socratic method was adapted for use in universities and became
the dominant form of instruction for students learning philosophy
and the law. The most recently national survey on the subject (3)
found that 97% of law-school professors use the Socratic method
in first-year classes. Socratic dialogues seem to work for the (4)
ancient Greeks. Are they efficient for people today? Recently, a (5)
group of researchers decided to find out.
In a study published in the December 2011 issue of the
journal Mind, Brain, and Education, four cognitive scientists from
Argentina describe what happened when they asked contemporaiy
high school and college students a series of questions identified to ( )
6
those posed by Socrates. In one of his most famous lessons,
Socrates showed a young slave boy with a square, then led him (7)
through a series of 50 questions intended to teach the boy how to
draw the second square with an area twice as large as the first.
Students in the 2011 experiment, led by researcher Andrea Goldin,
gave answers astonishing similar to those offered by Socrates* ( )
8
pupils, even making the same mistakes he made. Our results (9)
44
show that the Socratic dialogue is built on a strong intuition of
human knowledge and reasoning which persist more than ( )
10
twenty-four centuries after its conception," the researchers write.
Their findings, Goldin and his co-authors add, demonstrate the
existence of “human cognitive universals traversing time and
cultures."
if i
'完成曰期 |用 ]~ 错误数量统计|
备忘笔记:
233专八改错
♦ 文章大意♦
本文讨论的是问答式教学方法。 年前,哲学家苏格拉底创造了问答式教学方法,由此找到了一种备受思
2 0 0 0
想家崇敬的寻求真理的方法。在当代,苏格拉底的方法被用在大学里,成为学生学习竹学和法律的主要教学形式。
最新调査发现,97%的法律院校教授在第一年的课堂里会使用这种方法。但这些方法对今天的学生来说还适用吗?
最近,一组研究人员决定探个究竟。实验结果表明,苏格拉底的对话是建立在强大的人类知识和推理直觉上的,冋
时也证明了能够穿越时间和文化的人类认知共性的存在。
答案详解
. find—finding词汇错误。approach作名词的用法是 . identified—identical 词汇错误。identified 意为“被识
1 6
approach to sth./doing sth.,to 是介词,后面应该 别的,被认可的”,用在此处解释不通。identical to
接名词或动名词,表示“做某事的途径/方法”。 是固定搭配,意为“同样的,与……相同的”,此句的
. 八 venerated •have 语法错误。ever since 意为“从 大意是“四位科学家向我们描述当代高中生和大学
2
那时起",通常与现在完成时连用,故此句的时态要 生在被问及与当年苏格拉底呰提出的相类似的问题
用现在完成时,应在venerated前加have。 时,发生了什么情况。”
3. recently—recent语法错误。此处所修饰的是名词 7. w i t h 语法错误。动词show后面接双宾语时,
survey(调査),而前面又有副词most修饰,所以应 其结构为 show sb. sth.或者 show sth. to sb.,所
该用形容词形式recent。 以此处应删掉介词with〇
4. seem—seemed 语法错误。本句中的 ancient Greeks . astonishing "astonishing丨y语法错误。此处修饰的是
8
暗示苏格拉底的对话式教学方法对古希腊人是有效
形容词similar,所以应该用副同形式astonishingly
的,这是对过去事物的描述,所以动词应该用过去时 9. pupils—pupi丨语法错误。此处pupil所指的就是上文
态。 出现的a young slave boy,而不是泛指Socrates
5. efficient—effective词汇错误。上一句提到了苏格拉 的一些学生,所以应该用单数形式。根据下文出现的
底的对话式教学方法对古希腊人是有效的,本句要
he也可知此处同指上文的the boy。
表达的意思应该是“那这种方法对现代人是否有效 . persist—persists 语法错误。persist 的主语 which
10
呢?"此处应强调这种方法的“有效性”而不是“高效 所代替的先行词是a strong intuition,是一个单数
性”,故应用effective。 槪念的词,所以谓语动词也要用单数形式。
Socrates /*SDkrati:z/ n .苏格拉底 wander /wnnda/ vi•漫游
Athens /*ae8inz/ /I•雅典 venerate /Venareit/ v.敬重,崇敬
ever since从那时起 adapt /a'daept/ v/•修改
语 dominant /dominant/ a .占支配地位的 instruction /in’strAkJ an/ /i.教学
境 issue AJu:/ n•发行 journal /*d :nal/ n•杂志
词 3 3
汇 cognitive /kDgnitiv/ a•认知的 contemporary /kan'temparan/ a. 代的
3
identical to
与...相同 pose /pwz/ v/•提出(问题等)
square /skwea/ /i.正方形 astonishingly /a’stDniJigli/ 似/•令人惊i牙地
intuition /.intju:'iJan/ n•直觉 reasoning /*ri:Z3nir]/ /i.推理
co-author
/kaiy〇:
0
a/ /!•合著者 traverse /traV3:s/ W.横越
• 234 •