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2025年菁优高考英语解密之阅读理解
一．阅读理解（共25小题）
1．（2024•宁乡市模拟）LastPass
In this day and age，we need a password for everything — to access our computer，our phone，
our bank account，all of our favorite websites and email...the list goes on.Sometimes，it can be
troublesome just to remember them all or keep track of them securely.
Luckily，there's LastPass!As the name implies，LastPass is the last password manager app you will
ever need.Through the app，all you need is one password to have secure access to all of your
passwords and private information.By using the LastPass Authenticator，you can use biometrics（生物识
别技术）to log on with your face or fingerprint.It's that easy!
Calm
Calm is packed with dozens of features and hundreds of recordings designed to improve your
mindfulness，reduce stress and improve sleep.The free version includes select features such as daily
meditations（冥想），breathing exercises，a mood tracker，as well as demo sleep stories，relaxation
music tracks and guided meditations.Through a paid subscription，the app tailors itself to your needs.
Pocket
When browsing the web，we often come across interesting articles that we'd love to read through
more，but just don't have the time right there and then.But later when we have free time，we
completely forget about the articles we wanted to read!
This is where Pocket can help.The main appeal of Pocket is to add a handy save function to your
favorite browser ready to click whenever you want to save something for later.
Mint
With digital payment methods，it is easy to get overwhelmed（不堪重负的）when one keeps
financial records due to how fast and convenient it is to make purchases on a variety of platforms.
Thankfully，Mint is here to help!This free app can automatically track and organize all of the
purchases you make，whether it is through digital payment，cash，credit or debit cards.You can also
link and keep track of your debit and savings accounts，investments and properties，and even your
digital subscriptions so you'll know if there's been a cost increase.
（1）If people want to better manage their budgets，they can turn to .
A.LastPass
1B.Calm
C.Pocket
D.Mint
（2）Which of the following statements is true？
A.LastPass is the newest password manager app in the market.
B.Calm meets all kind of requirements from every user.
C.Most users can choose Pocket to save something they want to read later.
D.Mint doesn't charge but it only keeps financial records through digital payment.
（3）Which of the following words can be used to describe the four apps？
A.Energy﹣saving.
B.Money﹣consuming.
C.Mind﹣blowing.
D.Peace﹣keeping.
2．（2024•青羊区校级模拟） Ms.McIntyre，38，worked as a publisher.She suffered brain cancer and
her health got worse despite some medical treatment.But she realized that in a way，she was luckier
than some other people.She had insurance to help pay for her medical care.But Ms.McIntyre and her
husband，Mr.Gregory，knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs
of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.
Though her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many
people as she possibly could.The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt，
which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others.The group can pay off
medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost.In other words，for every 100 donated，the
group can pay off 10，000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfortunately，Ms.McIntyre passed away before long.Mr.Gregory posted a message for Ms.McIntyre
on her social media accounts. "If you're reading this，I have passed away，" the post began.Then the
post explained， "To celebrate my life，I've arranged to buy up others' medical debts and then destroy
the debts."
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose.They had hoped to
raise about ＄20，000.Nevertheless，Ms.McIntyre's last post attracted a lot of attention.The donations on
her web page quickly passed the total goal.In less than a week，the site had raised 10 times more than
expected and the donations are still coming in.By November 22，2023，Ms.McIntyre's web page had
raised over＄627，000，or enough money to pay off about ＄60 million in medical debts.
2Mr.Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms.McIntyre's life and to announce
how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
（1）Why did Ms.McIntyre feel luckier than some other people？
A．The doctors eventually cured her.
B．Her disease didn't become worse.
C．She had a decent job before being ill.
D．She had security about medical care.
（2）How did Ms.McIntyre and her husband help others？
A．By paying for their daily debts.
B．By giving away money to them.
C．By ridding them of debts from treatments.
D．By purchasing medical insurance for them.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about？
A．The public involvement.
B．The couple's commitment.
C．The operation of a website.
D．The increase of medical debts.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe Ms.McIntyre？
A．Humorous and elegant.
B．Influential and understanding.
C．Cautious and promising.
D．Enthusiastic and adaptable.
3．（2024•苏州三模） The South Bronx is one of the poorest and most polluted places in
America，with smog﹣choked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.
"We're a dumping ground，" Omar explains."All the garbage from the rest of New York City ends
up here."
But Omar started looking at garbage in a different way，" f ot of what people throw away is
perfectly."good，"he says."Just look at that stuff from construction sites﹣doors，Sinks，toilets.People will
buy those things.It's only called garbage because somebody threw it away."Omar was just out of college
and working for an environmental group called Sustainable South Bronx when he started considering
how to get this "good garbage" to people who could use it.Instead of destroying old things，why not
clean them up and resell them？Why not hire people in the community to do the work？Better yet，
3why not make this business a "cooperative，"which means the people working in the business own it
and share the profits？
Out of tis，Omar started the fist cooperative in the country dedicated to reusing construction waste
To start his business，Omar put up flyers along the truck﹣jammed，trash﹣filled neighborhood streets
looking for people to work with him.He soon found four other dedicated workers.They rented a
warehouse and started looking for donations of used materials.
In April 2008，Omar's cooperative，ReBuilders Source，opened its business and began selling
construction supplies﹣ at reasonable prices一to neighborhood builders and home owners.With the help
of city officials，he also began panning a new training program to help local residents learn the skills
to get good jobs that help the environment and even start their own cooperatives.Workers were trained
to carefully take buildings apart so that things like doors and windows can be reused instead of being
smashed and sent off to a landfill.Deconstructing buildings this way could be a huge industry with many
good jobs for people who need them.
"If you have a use for something，"Omar says，"it's no longer waste."
（1）Why is the South Bronx mentioned in the first paragraph？
A.To arouse readers' interest.
B.To serve as the background information.
C.To contrast with the other districts.
D.To introduce a famous place.
（2）Which was Not the reason for Omar's creating a cooperative business？
A.To provide jobs for local people.
B.To deal with dumped rubbish.
C.To increase cooperation among neighbors.
D.To make money from garbage.
（3）Which of the following words best describe Omar？
A.Idealistic and business﹣minded.
B.Creative and action﹣oriented.
C.Practical and self﹣focused.
D.Devoted and iron﹣hearted.
（4）Which saying might interpret Omar's action？
A.Knowledge starts with practice.
B.One good turn deserves another.
4C.Four eyes see more than two.
D.Kill two birds with one stone.
4．（2024•宁波二模） The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S.has tripled over the past 50
years.The American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP） made waves this year by recommending that
doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive，family﹣oriented lifestyle and
behavior plans.It also suggested prescribing weight﹣loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery
to teens 13 and older.This advice reflects the organization's adoption of a more active position on
childhood obesity.
Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive，inaccessible to most children and
hard to maintain.Few weight﹣loss drugs have been approved for children.And surgery has potential risks
and few long﹣term safety data.Furthermore，it's not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to
improve health or merely add to the psychological burden overweight kids face from the society.
Rather than paying close attention to numbers on a scale，the U.S.and countries with similar trends
should focus on an underlying truth：we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play
where they can move and run around，climb and jump，ride and skate.
Why is it so hard to get kids moving？Experts blame the problem on the privatization of sports—
as public investment in school﹣based athletics dwindles，expensive private leagues have grown，leaving
many kids out.In addition to fewer opportunities at school，researchers cite increased screen time and a
lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.New York City，for example，had 2，067 public
playgrounds as of 2019—a very small amount for its large population.In Los Angeles in 2015，only 33
percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park.
Kids everywhere need more places to play.Public funding to build and keep up these areas is
crucial，but other options such as shared﹣use agreements can make unused spaces available to the
public.These opportunities aren't primarily about changing children's waistlines—they're how we keep
childhood healthy and fun.
（1）What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
A.Childhood obesity is well under control in recent years.
B.Weight﹣loss surgery are recommended to children 12 and older.
C.AAP plays a more active role in fighting against childhood obesity.
D.Expensive as it is，lifestyle programs are practical for most children.
（2）The underlined word "dwindle" is closest in meaning to .
5A.decline
B.quit
C.increase
D.develop
（3）In the author's opinion，what measures should be taken to create more safe areas？
A.Prepare fitness equipment at home.
B.Live within walking distance of a park.
C.Promote investment in private athletics.
D.Open up playgrounds when school's out.
（4）What's the main idea of the text？
A.Sports play an important role in children's growth.
B.More safe areas for outdoor fun are in urgent need.
C.Family﹣oriented lifestyles are crucial to children's health.
D.Medical intervention is important to ease psychological burden.
5．（2024•南关区校级模拟） The turn of the year is the time for reviewing one's life，and for
making some resolutions about what to concentrate on in the coming year；and for many years I
have taken advantage of the holiday to review my own ambition.
One thing I decide on this year is to give up writing the Grumpy （暴躁的） Old Bookman
column in this magazine.It's not that I've lost interest in the book world.But Leonard Woolf，husband of
American writer Virginia Wool （1882—1941），used to say a man should change his career every
seven years.Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far，I do find
that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of
business.
It is over 15 years since our editor wrote to me and asked if I would be interested in writing a
regular piece about what was，even then，a rapidly changing publishing scene.He approached me
because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blog called，Grumpy Old Bookman.
As my monthly survey of developments in both traditional and digital publishing continued，in this
magazine，I began to realize that writers in this century，of both fiction and non﹣fiction，are living in
something close to a paradise （天堂）.Once，you struggled for years to find a publisher— or an agent
if you wanted one—but now you can publish your own stuff，either digitally or in paperback，without
it costing you a penny piece.
After about five years of producing such columns，it occurred to me that，rather than let these
6essays fade away on the seas of time，it might be valuable to publish my thoughts and comments in
book form to potential readers.Hence，in 2014，I published the first 69 GOB columns in paperback
format，using Amazon's Create Space facilities.Title：Writers Rejoice!A monthly diary of the dawn of
the digital age，which was my first trial.And now I sincerely wish a new 2024.
（1）Why does the author want to give up writing the column？
A．He is fed up with the career linked to books.
B．He is very keen on trying something new.
C．He follows Leonard Woolf's suggestion.
D．He's used to changing his job every seven years.
（2）According to the author，what can be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A．Now it is amazing to find a publisher easily.
B．Publishing industry is a profitable business.
C．It is rather hard to publish books nowadays.
D．It is a blessing to live in the present times.
（3）What do you think of the author？
A．Emotional and good at controlling himself.
B．Dedicated but easy to doubt himself.
C．Purposeful and good at self﹣adjustment.
D．Ambitious but unwilling to change himself.
（4）What does the author mainly want to tell us？
A．Giving up timely is another virtue.
B．Changing the job means a new opportunity.
C．The beginning of a year is a new start.
D．Reflection can drive us to push forward.
6．（2024•黑龙江二模） A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last week recently
received the gift of some old﹣fashioned Christmas cheer from "Santa Claus" （圣诞老人）.
In the spirit of Christmas，the Ferrum Volunteer Fire Department delivered presents to the family
who lost their home and belongings in a house fire on Thursday.
"It was a working structure fire and unfortunately the family lost everything.We as volunteers knew
that we couldn't let this mom and her three kids go through Christmas without anything，" the fire
station wrote on Facebook. "Yes，they're OK but it's Christmas，right？"
The fire station officials delivered Christmas gifts to the mother and her three children the following
7day at the local church shelter they were staying at，and in photos posted on the site，the children
appeared joyful.
"We brought gifts and more gifts!The kids were overjoyed and very grateful." the station said on its
post.
"They were very happy to see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brought the gifts in，" the
department told USA TODAY.The kids received Barbies，Pokémon，artworks，remote control cars，
blankets，clothes and shoes.The mother also received a gift card.
The Facebook post was flooded with what seemed to be comments from community members
touched by the generosity. "The best Christmas gifts are the ones you give!Thank you all for your
wonderful service and your big hearts!" one user commented.
"So thankful they are alright!We are truly blessed to live in such a giving and helping community，
and our fire department and rescue teams are amazing!Great job!So proud!" another user wrote.
（1）What can we learn from the text？
A．The Fire Department provided the family with shelter.
B．The volunteers saved some belongings for the family.
C．The family went through Christmas in sorrow.
D．Receiving a Christmas gift is a traditional joy.
（2）What's the comments' attitude towards the fire station？
A．Ambiguous.
B．Unconcerned.
C．Appreciative.
D．Sympathetic.
（3）How does the author develop his idea？
A．By giving examples.
B．By using quotation.
C．By making comments.
D．By analysing causes.
（4）What's the best title of this article？
A．Firefighters or Santa Claus？
B．Firefighters Safeguarded Us.
C．A Fire Brought Gifts.
D．Love Can Cure.
87．（2024•广州一模） When adult humans meet a baby，many can't help speaking in a higher﹣
pitched（更高音的），sing﹣song y voice.This shift，known as parentese，is not unique to humans
—it has also been observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas.Now，scientists are adding one
more species to that list：bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a unique way：
every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card，usually by its first
birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle？For babies，it might have something
to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery ，researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins，
make.
Scientists studied 34 years' worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose
dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young，they continued to make their signature
sound，but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their
babies were not nearby.
This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning
how to produce these calls themselves.Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers
before living on their own ， it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to
communicate.At the very least，the higher﹣pitched whistle likely gets the babies' attention."It's important
for a baby to know，'Oh，Mum's talking to me now，'"says marine biologist June Mann.
This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans."It is absolutely
essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate，"says Mann."I would
be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of
others，which is what happens in humans."
（1）What do the underlined words"this mystery"refer to in paragraph 2？
A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.
C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.
D.Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans.
（2）How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins？
A.By analyzing mother dolphins' sound features.
B.By recording parent﹣child interaction frequency.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
9D.By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.
（3）What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young？
A.To help them learn to talk.
B.To teach them hunting skills.
C.To express worry and care.
D.To distract their attention.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？
A.To compare the parentese of humans and dolphins.
B.To illustrate the development of dolphin intelligence.
C.To share new findings about dolphin communication.
D.To highlight the value of studying dolphins' language.
8．（2024•湛江一模）
Top Coffee﹣producing Countries
Brazil
Back in the 18th century，Brazil started growing coffee.Now，around 300，000 coffee farmers in
Brazil produce about 40% of the world's coffee.Arabica （阿拉比卡咖啡） takes up 70% of the coffee
beans grown in the country.In Brazil，3% of export income is from coffee beans.Brazilians are wild
about drinking their coffee and consume it all day long.
Vietnam
Coffee found its way to Vietnam in the 1800s.Now coffee industry employs almost 3 million
people.Most of Vietnam's coffee production is the less appreciated Robusta （ 罗 布 斯 塔 咖 啡 ）
variety.Because of that，most coffee beans grown in Vietnam are for instant coffee.Despite coffee's
popularity as an export crop，the Vietnamese still prefer tea.They also make a famous Cappuccino （卡
布奇诺咖啡） not found elsewhere—famous because it gets a dose of raw egg if that's to your liking.
Colombia
Coffee was introduced into Colombia in the early 1700s.In Colombia，about 2.3 million acres of
land are planted with coffee.Coffee is the most important agricultural export.There are around 555，000
coffee growers in Colombia.The majority of Colombian coffee plantations are owned by
families.Colombians typically start their morning with a tinto.It's a small cup of black coffee that's
sweetened with sugar.They may add cinnamon or other spices to jazz it up.
Indonesia
Indonesia has a long coffee history that goes back to the 1600s，which has its share of ups and
10downs.In the late 19th century，the terrible coffee rust disease caused death to many of the high﹣
quality coffee plants.To prevent this from happening again，Indonesia replanted with the disease﹣
resistant Robusta coffee.Arabica beans still play a part in the Indonesian coffee market，representing
about 25% of coffee beans grown there.
（1）Which of the four countries started growing coffee earliest？
A．Brazil.
B．Vietnam.
C．Colombia.
D．Indonesia.
（2）What is special about Vietnam？
A．A unique kind of coffee drink is made there.
B．High﹣quality coffee beans are produced there.
C．Coffee was produced for the home market there.
D．Coffee planting met with problems in the 1990s there.
（3）What do Brazil and Colombia have in common？
A．Coffee exports are growing in both countries.
B．They both have a coffee﹣loving population.
C．They share the same number of coffee growers.
D．Coffee farms are owned by families in both countries.
9．（2024•雨花区校级模拟） In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able to perceive
several thousand stars on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has impeded
people from the nightly view.
New citizen﹣science﹣based research throws alarming light on the problem of "sky glow"﹣the
diffuse illumination （漫射照明） of the night sky that is a form of light pollution.The data came from
crowd﹣sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night，a program
developed by astronomer Connie Walker.
Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and
wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved
alongside.Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage.Until relatively
recently，humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky，and the effect of
this nighty spectacle （壮观） is evident in ancient cultures.
11Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006.Anyone can submit observations
through the Globe at Night web application.Participants record which one best matches what they can
see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.
Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6% per
year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring sky
glow as it appears to humans，because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers
（纳米）.White LEDs，with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers，now are increasingly commonly
used in outdoor lighting.But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at
nighttime.Space﹣based instruments do not measure light from windows，either.But these sources are
significant contributors to sky glow us seen from the ground.
"The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts
and developing new strategies to protect dark skies，" said Walker. "The Globe at Night dataset is
necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoever can to get
involved to help protect the starry night sky."
（1）What does the underlined word "impeded" in the first paragraph mean？
A．separated.
B．disabled.
C．demanded.
D．protected.
（2）What does the loss of visible stars lead to？
A．Poorer human health.
B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．More delicate biological systems.
D．Less nightly culture elements of the sky.
（3）What does the author stress in paragraph 5？
A．Crowd sourced data are invaluable.
B．Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.
C．Satellites play a vital role.
D．White LEDs are widely used.
（4）What can be inferred from Walker's words？
A．Their consistent efforts pay off.
12B．The dataset needs to be updated.
C．The sky glow has been over﹣emphasized.
D．More participants are expected to join in.
10．（2024•良庆区校级二模） National parks like Yellowstone are popular destinations for both
family vacations and adventure trips alike.But there are some places that simply don't get the love
that they deserve despite the fact that they are truly impressive.
Isle Royale National Park
Located in the heart of Lake Superior，Isle Royale requires a bit of work to reach，but it is well
worth the effort.Access is permitted only through daily ferries ， which is why larger parks like
Yellowstone see more visitors in a day than Isle Royale sees in a year.Wildlife like wolves are
frequently spotted by hikers along the park's scenic trails.
Dry Tortugas National Park
Another island park，the Dry Tortugas can be found 68 miles to the southwest of the Florida
Keys.Accessible only by boat or plane，this park is actually quite small，but it's packed with history，
abundant sea life，and amazing coral reefs.At the center of the park is Fort Jefferson，the largest
masonry（砖石）structure in the Western Hemisphere.
Wrangell﹣St.Elias National Park
Covering more than 13.2 million acres，Wrangell﹣St Elias National Park is the largest in the entire
U.S.system.Remote and mostly undeveloped，this is a park that demands more from its visitors，after all
there are just two roads that lead into it.But in return，it gives them a special connection with nature
that simply isn't found anywhere else.
Big Bend National Park
Travelers looking for a truly wild experience should have Big Bend National Park on their bucket
lists.Big Bend is well known for its whitewater rafting camping，and hiking although during the summer
months it can be intensely warm，keeping many visitors away.
（1）What is the main reason for fewer visitors to Isle Royale National Park？
A．The terrible work.
B．The dangerous wolves.
C．The remote location.
D．The inconvenient transport.
（2）Which park will you visit if you are interested in history？
13A．Big Bend National Park.
B．Isle Royale National Park.
C．Dry Tortugas National Park.
D．Wrangell St.Elias National Park.
（3）How is Wrangell﹣St.Elias National Park different from the other three parks？
A．With its wide roads.
B．With its large area.
C．With its beautiful scenery.
D．With its special visitors
11．（2024•新泰市校级一模） If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk，you
are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks.But how does it work？And how much salt do
humans pour onto our planet's surface？The second question is easier to answer：a lot.
Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow simply disappear.Instead it makes water less
likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.In the case of simple rock salt，which
is a rawer ， less pure version of table salt ， each molecule （ 分 子 ） splits into smaller
elements.Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form a stable，orderly
structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that
interruption and for freezing to occur.
But if salt needs to interact with liquid water，how does it do anything when temperatures are
stubbornly below freezing，and water should already be in the form of ice？That's where cars help clear
their own way by creating friction and，in turn，heat.The friction allows for the ice that has already
frozen to melt a little bit，making it unlikely to freeze.
Beyond rock salt's ability to clear icy streets，it can also be destructive.Chloride ions （氯离子）
can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities.Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes
could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.
Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt.Other salts such as magnesium
chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt，and they're perhaps even more
efficient.Some experiments are testing other ice﹣preventing solutions，including those that contain sugars
instead of or in addition to salts.Another approach relies more heavily on sand，which can mechanically
make roads safer.All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather
condition —a Herculean task when winter brings its worst.
14（1）What's the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2？
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To give some evidence.
C．To define the phenomenon.
D．To reveal the misconception.
（2）How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing？
A．By lowering the temperature.
B．By melting and splitting itself.
C．By lining up to form a solid structure.
D．By stopping the formation of the structure.
（3）What does the underlined word "densities" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．Concentrations.
B．Weights.
C．Qualities.
D．Salts.
（4）What's the last paragraph mainly talking about？
A．Other salts won't disturb local ecology.
B．Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels.
C．Many alternatives are available to solve the problem.
D．Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety.
12．（2024•青羊区校级模拟）"Soon，you're going to have to move out!" cried my neighbor upon
seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind，or at least known in my neighborhood.
One tiny 9﹣inch plant，bought for ＄1.25 in the spring，has already taken over much of my rose
bed，covering much of other plants，and is well on its way to the front door.
Roses require a good deal of care，and if it weren't for the pleasure they give，it wouldn't be
worth the work.As it is，I have a garden full of sweet﹣smelling roses for most of the year.Bushes
must be pruned（剪枝）in early spring，leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a
few weeks later.It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato
plant.A big mistake.
Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes.The daily
watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing（施肥）have turned the little plant into a tall
bush.The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves.
Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold：First，I have to find the red ones among
15the leaves，which means I almost have to stand on my head，and once found I have to reach down
and under，pick the tomatoes and withdraw（缩回）my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly
won.I found two full﹣blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June，but they
were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.
Here I am faced with a painful small decision：To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant
that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several
expensive and treasured roses.Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind，I'll think about that tomorrow.
（1）What are the requirements for the healthy growth of roses？
A．A lot of care and the right soil.
B．Frequent pruning and fertilizing.
C．Tomato plants grown alongside.
D．Cages placed around the roots.
（2）The writer planted the tomato because .
A．it cost only ＄1.25
B．the soil was just right for it
C．there was room for it in the garden
D．the roses' branches needed to be covered
（3）This year the writer's roses were .
A．removed from the rose bed
B．picked along with the tomatoes
C．mostly damaged by too much sunlight
D．largely hidden under the tomato plant
（4）By saying "the prize so dearly won" in paragraph 5，the writer wants to .
A．show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes
B．show the hardship of growing the roses
C．express her liking for the roses
D．express her care for the tomatoes
13．（2024•长安区一模） We may weep for the dodo，but could and should we bring this lovely
bird back from the dead？De﹣extinction is the science of restoring lost species and it has been in
the news for decades.
The story in modern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichton published his science fiction
novel Jurassic Park，in which he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back
16to life.Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction （PCR） technology could be a way to amplify
（放大） tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living embryo.
Sadly，biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super﹣fast；even after 100 years，
DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed （腐烂） beyond repair.They could be sequenced （测
定序列） using massive computational power，but then only with considerable uncertainty.And even if
you capture a DNA sequence，there's still the problem of how you get living cells to read that
sequence and express proteins that make the dinosaur or the dodo.
But why would anyone want to see mammoths，or something like them，roaming （漫游） present
﹣day Siberia？Well，they were undoubtedly amazing beasts.As well as hunting them，our distant
ancestors painted their likenesses in caves across Europe.Fascinating as they may be，there's some
ecological justification for the project too.
It was this diversity of land surface，broken up by heavy limbs and randomly fertilised by faeces
（排泄物），that supported so much flora （植物群）.Without the mammoths，that diversity
disappeared.Return them and landscapes would once again be with a variety of species，including
flowers and bushes.
True，it's not de﹣extinction in the sense of bringing a long﹣dead species back to life.Instead it's
more like making a "dodo" by engineering a modern pigeon，its closest relative，to become huge and
flightless.The result would be a big，fatty pigeon that，whether it looked like a dodo or not，would
probably fulfil some of its ecological roles.
As a palaeontologist，I would of course love to see living dinosaurs，mammoths and dodos.In some
ways，though，I am relieved that the optimistic claims for cloning and genetic technologies have not
been borne out.The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid some of
Michael Crichton's more fevered imaginings.
（1）What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？
A．A science fiction review.
B．The development of DNA.
C．An inspired guess of de﹣extinction.
D．The application of PCR technology.
（2）What's the barrier to cloning a living embryo？
A．DNA is hard to keep for long.
B．Computational power is limited.
17C．Biologists are opposed to it.
D．Living cells cant be sequenced.
（3）Why are people interested in cloning extinct species？
A．They expect to seek hunt fun.
B．They lack sources of modern art.
C．They need them for research.
D．They want to see biodiversity.
（4）What's the author's attitude toward cloning extinct species？
A．Cautious.
B．Unclear.
C．Dismissive.
D．Approving.
14．（2024•湖北模拟） As Pakistan and China are marking 2023 as a Year of Tourism，Pakistan's
breathtaking natural beauty，diverse cultural heritage and historical landmarks are all set to catch the
attention of tourists.
Balochistan：Nature's Bounty Unveiled
Stretching across vast expanses，Balochistan is Pakistan's largest province，boasting not only
abundant mineral resources but unique natural beauty.Its mountain ranges，mines and extensive coastal
belt，which is home to the prosperous Gwadar Port，attract adventurers.
Punjab：A Tapestry of History and Heritage
In the heart of Pakistan lies Punjab province，a land of green agricultural fields，intricate（交错
的） river networks，ancient forts and charming Mughal﹣era gardens.Over two millennia（千年） ago，
the Gandhara Buddhist civilization thrived in northern Pakistan，with Taxil a serving as its primary
center of learning.
Sindh：A Tapestry of History and Culture
Sindh，in Pakistan's southern region，weaves together a tale of history and natural beauty.It is home
to the ancient city of Mohenjo﹣Daro，a relic of the Indus Valley Civilization，along with the modern
city of Karachi and its picturesque coastline.
Northern Pakistan：Nature's Masterpiece
Spread over 72 ， 496 square kilometers ， Pakistan's northern regions are a masterpiece of
nature.Among towering peaks，including numerous summits over 8，000 meters，peaceful valleys like
Gilgit，Hunza and Skardu offer a brief escape.
18As Pakistan invites the world to explore its diverse and fascinating landscapes，it also extends a
warm invitation to discovery the history，spirituality and natural wonders that define this remarkable
nation.
（1）As a Buddhist，your favorite destination in Pakistan might be .
A.Balochistan
B.Punjab
C.Sindh
D.Gilgit
（2）What do the four parts have in common？
A.Natural beauty.
B.Historical origin.
C.Cultural relics.
D.Diverse resources.
（3）The passage serves as a（n） .
A.guidance
B.introduction
C.commercial
D.notice
15．（2024•浉河区校级二模） It's 1：30 am in Kenya's populated north，and 50 people are lying
on their backs on the shore of a dried﹣up river，staring up at the night sky.These stargazers have
travelled 250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower（英仙座流星雨）.They are not
disappointed：Every few minutes，arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks.
The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer，Susan Murabana，who has brought a 50
kg，170 cm﹣long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep﹣sky objects.But here in
Samburu，where light pollution is minimal，the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye （裸眼）—
steal the show .
Every two months，Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and
set off to rural communities，where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and
learn about constellations （星座） and the basics of astrophysics.They primarily targets schools in
remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to
her.
"When I started this work，I didn't see people who looked like me.I was a lone ranger and I
19wanted to change that." says Murabana.
"There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard，boring，and only
for boys，" she adds. "I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that
they，too，can become astronomers，" says Murabana.
Murabana's passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join a
similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education. "That was a gamechanger.If an outreach
group had come to me when I was a young teenager，my attitude towards a career in astronomy would
have been positive.I ended up studying sociology and economics，but maybe I would have desired to be
an astronomer，" she says.
Inspired by the Cosmos Education，Murabana completed an online master's degree in astronomy
with the James Cook University in 2011 and set up her own outreach programme.She looked to Dr Mae
Jemison，the first black woman in space，as a role model. "I hope that one day，through this work，I
will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space."
（1）What do the underlined words "steal the show" in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Ruin the effort.
B．Face the challenge.
C．Attract more attention.
D．Keep the promise.
（2）Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas？
A．To help them out of poverty.
B．To inspire their love of astronomy.
C．To look for assistants for her work.
D．To give them an edge over boys in studies.
（3）What can we learn about Murabana from paragraph 6？
A．She enjoyed playing games.
B．She longed to be an astronomer.
C．She is an initiator of Cosmos Education.
D．She regretted not taking astronomy earlier.
（4）What's the passage mainly about？
A．The birth of a Kenyan woman astronomer.
B．The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan.
C．The Kenyan astronomer bringing astronomy to the people.
20D．The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meteors shower.
16．（2024•长春模拟） Raised in a fatherless home，my father was extremely tightfisted towards us
children.His attitude didn't soften as I grew into adulthood and drifted away to college.I had to ride
the bus whenever I came home.Though the bus stopped about two miles from home，Dad never met
me，even in cold weather.If I grumbled（嘟囔），he'd say in his loudest father voice，"That's what
your legs are for!"
The walk didn't bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country
roads.I also felt less than valued that my father didn't seem concerned about my safety.That feeling was
canceled one spring evening.
It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs.I longed for home.When
the bus reached a stop，I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home.
A row of hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house.Once I had turned
off the highway to start the last lap of my journey，I was always relieved to see the hedge because it
meant that I was almost home.On that particular evening，the hedge had just come into view when I
saw something gray moving along the top of the hedge ， moving toward the house.Upon closer
observation，I realized it was the top of my father's head.Then I knew，each time I'd come home，he
had stood behind the hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallowed hard against the
threatening tears.He did care，after all.
On later visits，that spot of gray became my watchtower.I could hardly wait until I was close
enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery.Upon reaching home，I would find my
father sitting innocently in his chair."So!My son，it's you!"he'd say，his face lengthening into pretended
surprise.
I replied，"Yes，Dad，it's me.I'm home."
（1）What did the author think of the two﹣mile walk home？
A.It reflected his value.
B.It was the most troublesome.
C.It wasn't ranked number one in his concerns.
D.It was extremely unbearable in cold weathers.
（2）How did the author feel when he saw the hedge？
A.Disappointed.
B.Hopeful.
21C.Frustrated.
D.Regretful.
（3）Why did the author's father watch behind the hedge？
A.The author often changed routes back home.
B.He wanted to help the author build up courage.
C.He was really concerned about his son's safety.
D.That was the only way he could express his love.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A.Father's Secret.
B.My Childhood Life.
C.Terrible Journey Home.
D.Riding Bus Alone.
17．（2024•呼和浩特一模） The Asch Conformity Experiments，conducted by psychologist Solomon
Asch in the 1950s，demonstrated the power of conformity. （从众） in groups and showed that even
simple objective facts cannot resist the pressure of group influence.
In the experiments，groups of university students were asked to participate in a perception test.In
reality，all but one of the participants were "confederates"，cooperators with the experimenter who only
pretended to be participants.The study was about how the remaining student would react to the behavior
of the other "participants".
The participants of the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical （垂直）
black line on it.Then，they were given a second card with three lines of varying length labeled A．B，
and C．One line on the second card was the same length as that on the first，and the other two lines
were obviously longer and shorter.
Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line，A，B，or C，matched
the length of the line on the first card.In each experimental case，the confederates answered first，and
the real participant was seated so that he would answer last.In some cases，the confederates answered
correctly，while in others，they answered incorrectly.
Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to answer incorrectly in the
instances when the confederates did so，or whether their belief in their own perception and correctness
would outweigh the social pressure provided by the responses of the other group members.
Asch found that one﹣third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at
least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers，and only one﹣fourth gave correct answers
22in defiance of the pressure to conform to the wrong answers provided by the group.
In interviews following the trials ， Asch found that for those who answered incorrectly ， in
conformance with the group，some believed that the answers given by the confederates were correct，
some thought that they were suffering a lapse（失误） in perception when they originally had the
answer different from the group，and others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer，
but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didn't want to break from the majority.
（1）What are the participants asked to do in the experiment？
A．Label the cards with different letters.
B．Pick out two lines of the same length.
C．State the reason for matching the cards.
D．Identify the longest vertical black line.
（2）What's paragraph 5 mainly about？
A．The result of the experiment.
B．The design of the experiment.
C．The purpose of the experiment.
D．The procedure of the experiment.
（3）What does the underlined part "in defiance of" in paragraph 6 mean？
A．In spite of.B．For fear of.
C．In response to.D．On account of.
（4）Why did the real participants give a wrong answer？
A．They misunderstood the question.
B．They believed their own judgment.
C．They failed to resist group influence.
D．They wanted to be different from others.
18．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） Eva，the Belgian Malinois，is home now，getting a well﹣deserved
rest surrounded by new toys after nearly dying while protecting her human from a mountain lion.
The attack happened on May 16 in northern California when 24﹣year﹣old Erin Wilson headed
down a path toward the Trinity River before she found herself cornered by a mountain lion. "I was just
walking down the slope with the dog running ahead of me.I turned around and there was this cat just
growling at me and it attacked me，" Wilson told NPR. "I screamed for Eva and she came running."
Mountain lion attacks on humans are incredibly rare.Since 1890，California has recorded only six
fatal mountain lion attacks because of the animal's generally shy，reclusive （独处的） nature.Their
23preferred prey is deer，which are normally in abundance in their forested habitat，but recent drought
conditions have made food scarce in some areas.Wilson thought that these conditions made the sudden
appearance of a slim woman look like an attractive option.
To protect her human，Eva leapt between Wilson and the lion，tackling the wild cat and embarked
on a life﹣and﹣death struggle between the two animals.After a short fight，the mountain lion got its
jaws around Eva's head and Wilson fought to free her dog，hitting the lion with rocks in an attempt to
break its grip.Eventually，Wilson ran back to her truck and flagged down passing motorist Sharon
Houston fetching an iron bar from her truck.Wilson and Houston ran back down the trail and their
combined efforts managed to frighten the big cat off.
Wounded herself and shaken by the experience，Wilson still managed to carry Eva back to the
Animal Hospital.The 2﹣year﹣old dog didn't need surgery，but her wounds were still extensive.Eva left
the animal hospital on May 19 with surgical tape wrapped around both her front paws，and the
veterinarian said she might lose sight in her left eye.
（1）What made Erin Wilson the target of the mountain lion？
A．The abundant deer in their forested habitat.
B．The lack of prey due to extreme conditions.
C．The mountain lion's shy and reclusive nature.
D．The slim and attractive appearance of Wilson.
（2）What do the underlined words "embarked on" mean in paragraph 4？
A．Made up.
B．Went on.
C．Strove to.
D．Kicked off.
（3）How did Wilson drive the mountain lion off？
A．She freed a dog and threw rocks at it fiercely.
B．She stopped a passing driver and broke its grip.
C．She gathered local people and shouted loudly at it.
D．She used a tool and scared it away with another driver.
（4）Which of the following can best describe Eva according to the passage？
A．Heroic and loyal.
B．Obedient but weak.
C．Friendly and dependable.
24D．Determined and naughty.
19．（2024•怀仁市校级四模）Reshaping the world for a fossil fuel﹣free future means working
quickly.Climate scientists say carbon emissions must stop by 2025 to minimize environmental
damage.And by designing computational materials together with makers who can build and test them
quickly，scientists can rapidly develop technologies like more powerful solar cells and car batteries.
Michael is the name of a supercomputer devoted to just one task–discovering the ultimate battery
system.Researchers at University College London will use Michael to digitally build and test prototypes
（原型）in every new material and type of cell possible to improve battery life，performance and price.
Finding a resilient（弹性的）design for solid﹣state batteries would be a huge breakthrough for
electric vehicles and energy storage.Lighter，longer﹣lasting and cheaper solid﹣state technology could
vastly improve vehicle range and charging time.And the energy from solar and wind power could be
more efficiently stored until ready for use.
Scientists working in the US and the UK led the way in the 1970s in developing the lithium﹣ion
（锂离子）battery used in today's electric cars，laptops and cameras But commercial units were only
developed once the Japanese electronics giant pushed the technology forward for mass
production.Partnerships between companies and universities could ultimately crack solid﹣state battery
design.Oxford University and some companies are looking to win the international race to create a
durable product.But they are only one among many.
Replacing liquid used in lithium﹣ion batteries with a solid conductor may take large digital
processing.Electric vehicle makers are working with a computer giant to find successful designs that may
include cheap and plentiful materials found in seawater.An electric vehicle maker is partnering with
NASA to open a solid﹣state battery plant that uses no rare or expensive metals.The plan is to create a
large database of materials that can be mixed and matched for the best combinations.
But computational materials may be needed in virtually every industry.And by rapidly classifying
millions of substances on their ability to conduct electricity，their toughness，or the way they reflect
light，AI and supercomputers can speed up the process of creating materials for just about anything.
（1）What message does paragraph 1 convey？
A．It's too fast to design computational materials.
B．It's too late to reshape the fossil fuel﹣free world.
C．Developing green energy can reduce carbon emissions.
D．Developing technology can speed up carbon emissions.
25（2）What are solid﹣state batteries expected to be like？
A．Heavy and solid.
B．Light but breakable.
C．Less﹣costly and workable.
D．Expensive but efficient.
（3）Why does the author mention Oxford University in paragraph 4？
A．To show the weakness of mass production.
B．To show the good trend of the cooperation.
C．To show the difficulty of the battery design.
D．To show the development of British technology.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？
A．Michael Is Devoted to Storing Solar Energy.
B．Companies and NASA Will Push Technology Forward.
C．Electric Vehicle Makers Are Struggling to Solve Air Pollution.
D．Supercomputers and AI Can Create Future Low﹣carbon Industries.
20．（2024•淅川县校级三模）
MiG Prize 2022
The Michel Gelrubin Architecture Prize is designed to bring out new talents by giving students an
opportunity for international recognition.Open internationally，the Prize is awarded annually to honor
students whose work demonstrates a combination of vision and talent in the art of architecture and
planning.
This Year's Challenge
This year's competition invites proposals for projects that integrate at least 3 different uses into a
building.The projects should include private and public spaces，and consider the urban context.
Timeline
Launch：August 1st，2022
Registration Deadline：September 15th，2022（registration is free）
Submission Deadline：November 19th，2022
Result Announcement：December 17th，2022
Prizes
First prize ＄5，000
Second prize ＄2，500
Third Prize ＄1，500
26The Jury（评委会）
The projects will be scored based on their originality ， design ， environmental effects ， and
presentation.
Participation
The competition is open to any student studying architecture during the academic year2022﹣
2023.Candidates can apply as individuals or as teams.
Materials
Electronic submission of the project files must include：
• Posters that integrate the documents explaining the project（plans，sections，elevations，photos，
renderings （透视图） ，illustrations，images，diagrams，and text）
A presentation of the project（max 15 slides）
A video file （max 3 min.） is optional but highly recommended.
All the documents must be written in English and sent in a PDF format（except the videos）.
For more information，see https：//migprize.com.
（1）What do we know about the competition？
A．It offers ＄1，500 for second prize.
B．It is open to all graduates in architecture.
C．It charges an all﹣time low registration fee this year.
D．It focuses on designing a mixed﹣use building this year.
（2）By which time should all the project files be handed in？
A．August 1st，2022.
B．September 15th，2022.
C．November 19th，2022.
D．December 17th，2022.
（3）Which of the following must be included in the submission？
A．Integrated posters in the English version.
B．A video file of no more than 3 minutes.
C．A presentation of no less than 15 slides.
D．Paper documents explaining the project.
21．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） You are what you eat﹣and what you eat may be encoded in your
DNA．Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious
or disgusting.But exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to figure out. "Everything has a
27genetic component.even if it's small， "says Joanne Cole，a geneticist at the University of Colorado
School of Medicine. "We know that there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we
eat Can we take the next step and actually locate the regions in the genome （基因）？"
New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer.Through a large﹣scale genomics analysis，her
team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food
preferences.The findings，which have not yet been peer﹣reviewed，were presented last month at the
American Society for Nutrition's annual conference.
The team based the new study on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues
that used data from the U.K.Biobank，a public database of the genetic and health information of 500，
000 participants.By scanning genomes，the new analysis was able to identify 194 regions associated with
dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit，cheese，fish，tea and alcohol Further
understanding how genetics impact how we eat could reveal differences in nutritional needs or disease
risks.
"One of the problems with a lot of these genomics studies is that they're very small.They don't
have enough people to really be able to identify genes in ways that are credible.This study had a huge
group of people，so it's really powerful. " says Monica Dus，a geneticist at the University of Michigan.
"The other thing that I thought was really great is that there are so many different traits that they're
measuring related to diet including cholesterol （胆固醇）.the body and socioeconomic backgrounds. "
As the research advances.Dus says，such genome analysis could potentially assist health care providers
and even policymakers to address larger issues that affect food access and health.
It's definitely true that it may contribute to making sure there aren't food deserts﹣areas which have
limited access to fresh，healthy and affordable food﹣or to making sure that there's a higher minimum
wage so that everyone can afford to eat，although the journey ahead remains lengthy and challenging
（1）How did researchers conduct the present study？
A．By involving a substantial number of participants.
B．By directly analyzing the data from a public database.
C．By building on a previous study based on large﹣scale data.
D．By identifying genome regions associated with dietary patterns.
（2）Which statement will Monica Dus probably agree with？
A．Powerful participants were involved in the current study.
B．The methods employed for the previous studies were credible.
28C．The genome analyses have helped address larger social issues.
D．Various features linked to diet were considered in the present study.
（3）What's the author's attitude towards the present study？
A．Critical.
B．Optimistic.
C．Skeptical.
D．Indifferent.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A．The benefits of latest large﹣scale diet﹣related genome analyses.
B．The contribution of genes to diet patterns and food preferences.
C．The significance of a newly published diet﹣related genome discovery.
D．The introduction of a research on identifying diet﹣related genome regions.
22．（2024•信都区校级模拟） Well，it isn't a long story，but I wonder if you will really
understand.
I used to be crazy about hunting.There's a thrill in hunting，an excitement that comes over you
when a deer crashes out of the bush.After hunting，you feel great to show off with the boys.
It was like that the last time I was in the woods.I went up into the hills alone，heading for a well
﹣used deer trail.Sure enough there were fresh tracks in the snow.Then I saw him.A deer，a big
beautiful deer!Surely I couldn't miss!I waited for him to realize I was there and run away.But he fooled
me completely.He came towards me!He was curious，I suppose，or maybe he was stupid—how else can
you explain it？
He must have known about men and guns.But he came closer，putting one foot before the other，
slowly and purposefully.His big eyes never moved from my face.Well，that deer walked right up to
me.Then he stopped and looked at me!
What happened next is hard to believe，but it's true.And it all seemed quite natural.Just as when a
friendly puppy comes near you，I reached up and scratched his head，right between the horns.And he
liked to be scratched.That big，wild，beautiful deer bent his head like a young horse.In fact，he
practically asked for more.I scratched his head and his nose poked at my shoulder.He didn't even
tremble.Well，he finally went his way，down the hill and up the deer trail.Shoot him？Not me.You
wouldn't have either，not after that.I just watched him go.
There's very little more to tell.I picked up my thermos，and started walking back.I was about half
way back when I heard two shots，followed by a dull slam a few seconds later.Those two shoots
29usually mean a kill.I had forgotten there were other hunters that day.
Those hunters would never know they could have scratched his head...
（1）Why did the author mention his craze for hunting？
A.To present a cause.
B.To illustrate an idea.
C.To make a contrast.
D.To explain a phenomenon.
（2）Why did the author change his mind and let the deer go？
A.The deer was stupid.
B.The author was not prepared.
C.Their interaction softened the author.
D.The deer fooled the author into doing that.
（3）What can be inferred from the text？
A.The deer was probably killed.
B.The deer was alert to human beings.
C.The author is an inexperienced hunter.
D.The author was happy that the deer ran away.
（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the text？
A.A Hunting in Late Fall.
B.A Lovely Deer.
C.The Cruel Killing.
D.The Last Hunting.
23．（2024•建平县校级模拟） "It's too sugary，I can't manage very many，" said a friend.She
wasn't talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries.I bit into another cherry and realized she
was right.The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre﹣sugared.
But the cherries of my childhood were much less sweet than today's cherries.Some of them were
hardly sweet at all，which made it all the more exciting when you happened upon a super sweet one.
Is modern fruit getting sweeter？The answer is yes.Some of the most powerful evidence comes from
zoos.In 2018，Melbourne Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because
cultivated fruit was now so sweet that it was causing tooth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn't the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter；there's also climate change.It's found
that since the 1970s，with rising temperatures，Fuji apples have become significantly sweeter and softer.
30But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems，especially for people with diabetes，
who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher ﹣ sugar fruits such as pineapple.Fruit that is
bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals （植物化学成分） that make it so healthy.
Health aside，maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it has become yet another sweet
thing in a world filled with sugar.Even grapefruit，which used to be quite bitter，is sometimes now as
sweet as oranges.If you've never tasted a sour cherry，how can you fully appreciate a sweet one？
Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.
（1）Why does the author mention her friend's words in Paragraph 1？
A．To introduce the topic of the extreme sweetness of modern cherries.
B．To highlight the content of friend's preference for sour cherries.
C．To emphasize the importance of pre﹣sugaring fruits.
D．To show the breeding and selection of modern fruit.
（2）What's the author' view on the rise of consistently sweeter fruit？
A．The author believes it has no impact on health.
B．The author sees it as a triumph of plant breeding.
C．The author thinks it is a bit worrying in today's world.
D．The author is concerned that it will lead to bitterness in fruit.
（3）What is a shortcoming of the modern fruit according to the passage？
A．It is short of healthy phytochemicals.
B．It may not be as tasty as it used to be.
C．It could lack variety and contrast in taste.
D．It doesn't meet people's need for sweetness.
（4）What might the author continue talking about？
A．The advice on selecting modern fruit.
B．The approaches to freeing bitter fruit.
C．The comments about cultivated grapefruit.
D．The research into the health of zoo animals.
24．（2024•广西模拟） Perhaps you know northern Americans still maintain the habit of celebrating
Groundhog Day when a large groundhog （土拨鼠） checks to see its shadow on February 2 and
helps to predict when winter will end.But have you ever heard about how a mountain town in North
Carolina uses a caterpillar （毛毛虫） known as the Woolly Worm to make similar predictions？
According to the folklore （民间传说），the amount of black on the woolly worm in autumn
31predicts the severity of the upcoming winter.The longer the woolly worm's black bands （带） are，the
longer，colder，snowier，and more severe the winter will be.Similarly，a wider middle brown band is a
sign of a milder upcoming winter.The position of the longest dark bands supposedly indicates which part
of winter will be coldest or hardest.If the head end of the caterpillar is dark，the beginning of winter
will be severe.If the tail end is dark，the end of winter will be cold.In addition，the caterpillar has 13
segments （昆虫的节/段） to its body，which traditional forecasters say correspond to the 13 weeks of
winter.
Scientific studies on worm forecasting are rare.American Museum of Natural History entomologist
Howard Curran conducted a small trial in 1948.Having heard about the caterpillar folklore，Curran
headed to Bear Mountain State Park to collect caterpillars each fall for eight years.He found that if the
worms had brown markings on more than a third of their body，winters tended to be milder.
Most scientists view the folklore of caterpillar predictions as just that，folklore. "It's a wonderful
story，but I do think it was a playful trial，" says Joe Boggs，an entomologist at Ohio State University
Extension who has studied woolly worms. "Curran was a real scientist.He had tons of papers
published，but he never published this one — probably because he knew it wouldn't stand up to peer
review."
Mike Peters，an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts，doesn't disagree，but he says
there could be a link between the band of a caterpillar and the severity of winter.Peters suggests that
the timing of their growth and environmental conditions，such as temperature，moisture levels，and food
sources，can impact the appearance of woolly worms，including their size，coloration，and band
patterns.By analyzing these characteristics，researchers can potentially infer information about the weather
conditions. "The band does say something about a heavy winter，" he says. "The only thing is that it's
telling you about the previous year."
（1）How do people predict the weather through caterpillars？
A．By analyzing their living habits.
B．By measuring the change of their size.
C．By calculating the number of their segments.
D．By studying color bands on their bodies.
（2）What is Howard Curran's finding based on？
A．His personal observations.
B．An investigation on the locals.
32C．Studies by previous scientists.
D．Statistics collected by the museum.
（3）What is Joe Boggs's attitude towards the folklore？
A．Positive.
B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful.
D．Unclear.
（4）Which statement might Mike Peters agree with？
A．The caterpillar forecasting needs long﹣term data to support it.
B．The color band of caterpillars can be a mirror of past weather.
C．The cold environment has a great impact on caterpillars' growth.
D．The caterpillar can help predict the severity of winter accurately.
25．（2024•雨花区校级一模） 3 M and Discovery Education announced Sean Jiang from Gilman
School as one of the top ten finalists from across the nation for the 2023 3 M Young Scientist
Challenge.It's a competition that encourages students to identify an everyday problem and submit a
video showing the science behind the solution he or she came up with.
14﹣year﹣old Jiang decided to help those who can't see.Blind people had a hard time navigating
（导航） objects that are medium to far range.So Jiang wanted to design something to give them a
heads﹣up on obstacles （障碍） that may be incoming.
Jiang's inspiration came from the powers of the hearing system. "I learned in school that bats and
whales are able to use echolocation （回声定位） to help them navigate and just use their sense of
hearing and I also saw on YouTube some very skilled blind people that use echolocation to help them
walk，" said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creation uses a depth
camera that can detect how close objects are，thus giving enough time to dodge the obstacles.When a
blind is walking with the device，the sensor of the depth camera gathers the information regarding the
obstacles' position and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data into musical sound
guidance.This could significantly increase the walking speed of a blind person as well as decrease the
number of obstacles they hit.
Some other similar programs were alright at finding objects that were in close range，but Jiang still
wanted the blind to experience the world even fuller so they were able to see stuff that was much
further away than their circle of reach.
33In October，the top ten finalists will compete in person in Minneapolis for the title of "America's
Top Young Scientist" and a ＄25，000 prize.
（1）What can we learn about Jiang from the first two paragraphs？
A．He was the champion of the 2023 3 M event.
B．He invented technology to remove road obstacles.
C．He sought to assist the blind in walking smoothly.
D．He developed a new navigation app for his school.
（2）Why did Jiang mention "echolocation"？
A．To show the development of technology.
B．To present the difficulties the blind face.
C．To stress the significance of hearing.
D．To explain the inspiration of his invention.
（3）What does the underlined word "dodge" mean in paragraph 4？
A．Avoid.
B．Encounter.
C．Challenge.
D．Remove.
（4）What is the text mainly about？
A．3 M facilities intended for the blind.
B．A teen using sound to help the blind.
C．An invention to cure vision problems.
D．A competition to improve the blind's life.
342025年菁优高考英语解密之阅读理解
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共25小题）
1．（2024•宁乡市模拟）LastPass
In this day and age，we need a password for everything — to access our computer，our phone，
our bank account，all of our favorite websites and email...the list goes on.Sometimes，it can be
troublesome just to remember them all or keep track of them securely.
Luckily，there's LastPass!As the name implies，LastPass is the last password manager app you will
ever need.Through the app，all you need is one password to have secure access to all of your
passwords and private information.By using the LastPass Authenticator，you can use biometrics（生物识
别技术）to log on with your face or fingerprint.It's that easy!
Calm
Calm is packed with dozens of features and hundreds of recordings designed to improve your
mindfulness，reduce stress and improve sleep.The free version includes select features such as daily
meditations（冥想），breathing exercises，a mood tracker，as well as demo sleep stories，relaxation
music tracks and guided meditations.Through a paid subscription，the app tailors itself to your needs.
Pocket
When browsing the web，we often come across interesting articles that we'd love to read through
more，but just don't have the time right there and then.But later when we have free time，we
completely forget about the articles we wanted to read!
This is where Pocket can help.The main appeal of Pocket is to add a handy save function to your
favorite browser ready to click whenever you want to save something for later.
Mint
With digital payment methods，it is easy to get overwhelmed（不堪重负的）when one keeps
financial records due to how fast and convenient it is to make purchases on a variety of platforms.
Thankfully，Mint is here to help!This free app can automatically track and organize all of the
purchases you make，whether it is through digital payment，cash，credit or debit cards.You can also
link and keep track of your debit and savings accounts，investments and properties，and even your
digital subscriptions so you'll know if there's been a cost increase.
（1）If people want to better manage their budgets，they can turn to D .
A.LastPass
35B.Calm
C.Pocket
D.Mint
（2）Which of the following statements is true？ C
A.LastPass is the newest password manager app in the market.
B.Calm meets all kind of requirements from every user.
C.Most users can choose Pocket to save something they want to read later.
D.Mint doesn't charge but it only keeps financial records through digital payment.
（3）Which of the following words can be used to describe the four apps？ A
A.Energy﹣saving.
B.Money﹣consuming.
C.Mind﹣blowing.
D.Peace﹣keeping.
【考点】应用文；细节理解；推理判断；科技．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了四款有用的应用程序。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据 Mint 部分第二段的 This free app can automatically track and
organize all of the purchases you make，whether it is through digital payment，cash，credit or debit
cards.You can also link and keep track of your debit and savings accounts ， investments and
properties，and even your digital subscriptions so you'll know if there's been a cost increase（这个免
费应用程序可以自动跟踪和组织你的所有购买，无论是通过数字支付、现金、信用卡还是借记卡。你
还可以链接并跟踪你的借记和储蓄账户、投资和房产，甚至你的数字订阅，这样你就可以知道成本是
否增加了），可知如果人们想更好地管理预算，他们可以求助于Mint，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据 Pocket 部分第二段的 The main appeal of Pocket is to add a handy save
function to your favorite browser ready to click whenever you want to save something for later
（Pocket的主要吸引力在于为您喜爱的浏览器添加一个方便的保存功能，随时可以点击以保存内容），
可知大多数用户可以选择Pocket来保存他们以后要阅读的内容，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据 LastPass部分第二段的 Through the app，all you need is one password to
have secure access to all of your passwords and private information（通过该应用程序，您只需要一个
密码即可安全访问您的所有密码和私人信息）；Calm部分的Calm is packed with dozens of features
and hundreds of recordings designed to improve your mindfulness，reduce stress and improve sleep
36（Calm有几十个功能和数百个录音，旨在提高你的正念，减轻压力，改善睡眠）；Pocket部分第二段
的 The main appeal of Pocket is to add a handy save function to your favorite browser ready to
click whenever you want to save something for later（Pocket的主要吸引力在于为您喜爱的浏览器添
加一个方便的保存功能，随时可以点击以保存内容）和 Mint 部分第二段的 This free app can
automatically track and organize all of the purchases you make，whether it is through digital
payment，cash，credit or debit cards（这个免费应用程序可以自动跟踪和组织你的所有购买，无论是
通过数字支付、现金、信用卡还是借记卡），可知这四个 app共同具备的特点是提供便利性，帮助用
户节约精力，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
2．（2024•青羊区校级模拟） Ms.McIntyre，38，worked as a publisher.She suffered brain cancer and
her health got worse despite some medical treatment.But she realized that in a way，she was luckier
than some other people.She had insurance to help pay for her medical care.But Ms.McIntyre and her
husband，Mr.Gregory，knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs
of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.
Though her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many
people as she possibly could.The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt，
which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others.The group can pay off
medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost.In other words，for every 100 donated，the
group can pay off 10，000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfortunately，Ms.McIntyre passed away before long.Mr.Gregory posted a message for Ms.McIntyre
on her social media accounts. "If you're reading this，I have passed away，" the post began.Then the
post explained， "To celebrate my life，I've arranged to buy up others' medical debts and then destroy
the debts."
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose.They had hoped to
raise about ＄20，000.Nevertheless，Ms.McIntyre's last post attracted a lot of attention.The donations on
her web page quickly passed the total goal.In less than a week，the site had raised 10 times more than
expected and the donations are still coming in.By November 22，2023，Ms.McIntyre's web page had
raised over＄627，000，or enough money to pay off about ＄60 million in medical debts.
Mr.Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms.McIntyre's life and to announce
how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
37（1）Why did Ms.McIntyre feel luckier than some other people？ D
A．The doctors eventually cured her.
B．Her disease didn't become worse.
C．She had a decent job before being ill.
D．She had security about medical care.
（2）How did Ms.McIntyre and her husband help others？ C
A．By paying for their daily debts.
B．By giving away money to them.
C．By ridding them of debts from treatments.
D．By purchasing medical insurance for them.
（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ A
A．The public involvement.
B．The couple's commitment.
C．The operation of a website.
D．The increase of medical debts.
（4）Which of the following words can best describe Ms.McIntyre？ B
A．Humorous and elegant.
B．Influential and understanding.
C．Cautious and promising.
D．Enthusiastic and adaptable.
【考点】记叙文；国际组织与社会公益机构．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了38岁的麦金太尔和丈夫建立了名为RIP医疗债务的组织，
来帮助那些无力支付医疗债务的人。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than some
other people.She had insurance to help pay for her medical care（但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比
其他一些人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费用）可知，因为她有医疗保障所以麦金太尔觉得自己比其他
人幸运。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Though her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided to help pay off
the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could.The couple began donating money to a
group called RIP Medical Debt，which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts
of others（尽管她的健康状况每况愈下，麦金太尔还是决定帮助尽可能多的人还清医疗债务。这对夫
38妇开始向一个名为RIP医疗债务的组织捐款，该组织致力于为他人偿还未付的医疗债务）可知，麦金
太尔女士和她的丈夫通过偿还他人的治疗债务帮助别人。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段 The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this
purpose.They had hoped to raise about ＄20，000.Nevertheless，Ms.McIntyre's last post attracted a lot
of attention.The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal.In less than a week，the
site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in.By November 22，
2023，Ms.McIntyre's web page had raised over ＄627，000，or enough money to pay off about ＄60
million in medical debts（这对夫妇在一个网站上建立了一个页面，为这个目的筹集资金。他们原本希
望筹集到大约2万美元。尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐
款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的 10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。
到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过 62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗
债务）可知，第四段主要介绍公众们的参与度。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse
despite some medical treatment.But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than some other
people.She had insurance to help pay for her medical care.But Ms.McIntyre and her husband，
Mr.Gregory，knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical
care and wind up owing far more than they can pay（她患上了癌症，尽管接受了一些治疗，但她的
健康状况仍然恶化。但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费。但麦金
太尔和她的丈夫格雷戈里知道，许多癌症患者因为医疗费用而面临艰难的决定，最终欠下的钱远远超
过了他们的支付能力）可知，麦金太尔女士能够理解他人的处境；再根据第四段 Nevertheless，
Ms.McIntyre's last post attracted a lot of attention.The donations on her web page quickly passed the
total goal（尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过
了总目标）可知，麦金太尔女士很有影响力。故可推知，麦金太尔女士有影响力和理解他人。故选
B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024•苏州三模） The South Bronx is one of the poorest and most polluted places in
America，with smog﹣choked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.
"We're a dumping ground，" Omar explains."All the garbage from the rest of New York City ends
up here."
But Omar started looking at garbage in a different way，" f ot of what people throw away is
perfectly."good，"he says."Just look at that stuff from construction sites﹣doors，Sinks，toilets.People will
39buy those things.It's only called garbage because somebody threw it away."Omar was just out of college
and working for an environmental group called Sustainable South Bronx when he started considering
how to get this "good garbage" to people who could use it.Instead of destroying old things，why not
clean them up and resell them？Why not hire people in the community to do the work？Better yet，
why not make this business a "cooperative，"which means the people working in the business own it
and share the profits？
Out of tis，Omar started the fist cooperative in the country dedicated to reusing construction waste
To start his business，Omar put up flyers along the truck﹣jammed，trash﹣filled neighborhood streets
looking for people to work with him.He soon found four other dedicated workers.They rented a
warehouse and started looking for donations of used materials.
In April 2008，Omar's cooperative，ReBuilders Source，opened its business and began selling
construction supplies﹣ at reasonable prices一to neighborhood builders and home owners.With the help
of city officials，he also began panning a new training program to help local residents learn the skills
to get good jobs that help the environment and even start their own cooperatives.Workers were trained
to carefully take buildings apart so that things like doors and windows can be reused instead of being
smashed and sent off to a landfill.Deconstructing buildings this way could be a huge industry with many
good jobs for people who need them.
"If you have a use for something，"Omar says，"it's no longer waste."
（1）Why is the South Bronx mentioned in the first paragraph？ B
A.To arouse readers' interest.
B.To serve as the background information.
C.To contrast with the other districts.
D.To introduce a famous place.
（2）Which was Not the reason for Omar's creating a cooperative business？ C
A.To provide jobs for local people.
B.To deal with dumped rubbish.
C.To increase cooperation among neighbors.
D.To make money from garbage.
（3）Which of the following words best describe Omar？ B
A.Idealistic and business﹣minded.
B.Creative and action﹣oriented.
40C.Practical and self﹣focused.
D.Devoted and iron﹣hearted.
（4）Which saying might interpret Omar's action？ D
A.Knowledge starts with practice.
B.One good turn deserves another.
C.Four eyes see more than two.
D.Kill two birds with one stone.
【考点】说明文；环境保护．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一个名叫Omar的人如何在美国最贫穷和污染最严重的地方
——南布朗克斯，通过创新的方式改变了垃圾处理的方式。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段 The South Bronx is one of the poorest and most
polluted places in America，with smog﹣choked freeways and smelly wastewater treatment plants.（南
布朗克斯是美国最贫穷、污染最严重的地方之一，高速公路烟雾弥漫，污水处理厂臭气熏天。）可知
第一段提到南布朗克斯作为背景资料。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段 Instead of destroying old things，why not clean them up and
resell them？Why not hire people in the community to do the work？Better yet，why not make this
business a "cooperative，"which means the people working in the business own it and share the
profits？（与其毁掉旧东西，为什么不清理干净再转卖？为什么不雇佣社区里的人来做这项工作呢？
更好的是，为什么不把这个企业变成一个"合作社"，这意味着在这个企业工作的人拥有它并分享利
润？）可知奥马尔创建合作企业的原因是为当地人提供就业机会，处理倾倒的垃圾，并从垃圾中赚钱。
不包括C.To increase cooperation among neighbors.（增进邻居之间的合作）。故选C。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章第四段 Out of this，Omar started the first cooperative in the country
dedicated to reusing construction waste To start his business，Omar put up flyers along the truck﹣
jammed，trash﹣filled neighborhood streets looking for people to work with him.He soon found four
other dedicated workers.They rented a warehouse and started looking for donations of used materials.
（出于这一点，奥马尔在该国成立了第一个致力于回收建筑垃圾的合作社，开始了他的生意，奥马尔
在卡车堵塞、垃圾遍地的街道上张贴传单，寻找与他一起工作的人。他很快找到了另外四名敬业的员
工。他们租了一个仓库，开始寻找二手材料的捐赠。）可知Omar是创造性和行动导向的。A.Idealistic
and business﹣minded.理想主义和商业头脑的；B.Creative and action﹣oriented.创造性和行动导向的；
C.Practical and self﹣focused.注重实际和自我的；D.Devoted and iron﹣hearted.忠心耿耿，铁石心肠的。
41故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段With the help of city officials，he also began panning a new
training program to help local residents learn the skills to get good jobs that help the environment
and even start their own cooperatives.Workers were trained to carefully take buildings apart so that
things like doors and windows can be reused instead of being smashed and sent off to a
landfill.Deconstructing buildings this way could be a huge industry with many good jobs for people
who need them.（在市政府官员的帮助下，他还开始策划一项新的培训计划，帮助当地居民学习技能，
找到有助于环境保护的好工作，甚至创办自己的合作社。工人们接受培训，小心翼翼地把建筑物拆开，
这样像门和窗户这样的东西就可以重复使用，而不是被打碎后送到垃圾填埋场。以这种方式解构建筑
可能会成为一个巨大的产业，为需要的人提供许多好工作。）可知"一石二鸟"这句谚语诠释了奥马尔
的行动。故选D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有
限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人
物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的
感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试
题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法
加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细
节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理
不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或
认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下
文等线索确定词义。
4．（2024•宁波二模） The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S.has tripled over the past 50
years.The American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP） made waves this year by recommending that
doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive，family﹣oriented lifestyle and
behavior plans.It also suggested prescribing weight﹣loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery
42to teens 13 and older.This advice reflects the organization's adoption of a more active position on
childhood obesity.
Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive，inaccessible to most children and
hard to maintain.Few weight﹣loss drugs have been approved for children.And surgery has potential risks
and few long﹣term safety data.Furthermore，it's not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to
improve health or merely add to the psychological burden overweight kids face from the society.
Rather than paying close attention to numbers on a scale，the U.S.and countries with similar trends
should focus on an underlying truth：we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play
where they can move and run around，climb and jump，ride and skate.
Why is it so hard to get kids moving？Experts blame the problem on the privatization of sports—
as public investment in school﹣based athletics dwindles，expensive private leagues have grown，leaving
many kids out.In addition to fewer opportunities at school，researchers cite increased screen time and a
lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.New York City，for example，had 2，067 public
playgrounds as of 2019—a very small amount for its large population.In Los Angeles in 2015，only 33
percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park.
Kids everywhere need more places to play.Public funding to build and keep up these areas is
crucial，but other options such as shared﹣use agreements can make unused spaces available to the
public.These opportunities aren't primarily about changing children's waistlines—they're how we keep
childhood healthy and fun.
（1）What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？ C
A.Childhood obesity is well under control in recent years.
B.Weight﹣loss surgery are recommended to children 12 and older.
C.AAP plays a more active role in fighting against childhood obesity.
D.Expensive as it is，lifestyle programs are practical for most children.
（2）The underlined word "dwindle" is closest in meaning to A .
A.decline
B.quit
C.increase
D.develop
（3）In the author's opinion，what measures should be taken to create more safe areas？ D
A.Prepare fitness equipment at home.
43B.Live within walking distance of a park.
C.Promote investment in private athletics.
D.Open up playgrounds when school's out.
（4）What's the main idea of the text？ B
A.Sports play an important role in children's growth.
B.More safe areas for outdoor fun are in urgent need.
C.Family﹣oriented lifestyles are crucial to children's health.
D.Medical intervention is important to ease psychological burden.
【考点】说明文；健康．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】美国儿童肥胖率在过去50年里增长了三倍。美国儿科学会今年建议医生对两岁以上的肥胖儿
童进行家庭为导向的生活方式和行为计划，并建议给12岁以上的儿童开处减肥药物，13岁以上的青
少年进行手术。然而，这些建议存在成本高、难以获得和难以维持的问题。专家认为，儿童肥胖问题
的根源在于缺乏安全的户外活动场所。公共投资减少导致学校体育活动减少，私人联赛的成本增加，
使得许多孩子无法参与。因此，需要更多安全的游乐场和公共投资来建设和维护这些场所。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据前两段尤其是第一段的 The American Academy of Pediatrics
（AAP） made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years
old on intensive，family﹣oriented lifestyle and behavior plans.It also suggested prescribing weight﹣
loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older.This advice reflects the
organization's adoption of a more active position on childhood obesity.（美国儿科学会（American
Academy of Pediatrics，AAP）今年掀起轩然大波，它建议医生让两岁大的肥胖儿童接受密集的、以
家庭为导向的生活方式和行为计划。它还建议给12岁及以上的儿童开减肥药，给13岁及以上的青少
年开手术。这一建议反映出该组织在儿童肥胖问题上采取了更为积极的立场。）可知我们能从前两段
了解到AAP在对抗儿童肥胖方面发挥着更积极的作用。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Experts blame the problem on the privatization of sports—
as public investment in school﹣based athletics dwindles，expensive private leagues have grown，
leaving many kids out.（专家将这一问题归咎于体育运动的私有化——随着对学校体育运动的公共投
资减少，昂贵的私人联盟发展起来，将许多孩子拒之门外。）可知划线词意思是"减少，下降"。
A.decline下降；B.quit放弃；C.increase增加；D.develop发展。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段 Kids everywhere need more places to play.Public funding to build
and keep up these areas is crucial，but other options such as shared﹣use agreements can make
44unused spaces available to the public.These opportunities aren't primarily about changing children's
waistlines—they're how we keep childhood healthy and fun.（世界各地的孩子都需要更多玩耍的地方。
建设和维护这些区域的公共资金至关重要，但其他选择，如共享使用协议，可以使未使用的空间向公
众开放。这些机会主要不是为了改变孩子的腰围，而是为了让我们的童年保持健康和快乐。）可知在
作者看来，为了创造更安全的区域应该采取的措施是：学校放假时开放操场。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。阅读全文可知本文主要讲述了美国儿童肥胖率在过去50年里增长了三倍专家认为，
儿童肥胖问题的根源在于缺乏安全的户外活动场所。公共投资减少导致学校体育活动减少，私人联赛
的成本增加，使得许多孩子无法参与。因此，需要更多安全的游乐场和公共投资来建设和维护这些场
所。所以"B.More safe areas for outdoor fun are in urgent need.我们迫切需要更多安全的户外娱乐场
所"为最佳标题。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
5．（2024•南关区校级模拟） The turn of the year is the time for reviewing one's life，and for
making some resolutions about what to concentrate on in the coming year；and for many years I
have taken advantage of the holiday to review my own ambition.
One thing I decide on this year is to give up writing the Grumpy （暴躁的） Old Bookman
column in this magazine.It's not that I've lost interest in the book world.But Leonard Woolf，husband of
American writer Virginia Wool （1882—1941），used to say a man should change his career every
seven years.Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far，I do find
that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of
business.
It is over 15 years since our editor wrote to me and asked if I would be interested in writing a
regular piece about what was，even then，a rapidly changing publishing scene.He approached me
because since 2004 I had been writing a regular blog called，Grumpy Old Bookman.
As my monthly survey of developments in both traditional and digital publishing continued，in this
magazine，I began to realize that writers in this century，of both fiction and non﹣fiction，are living in
something close to a paradise （天堂）.Once，you struggled for years to find a publisher— or an agent
if you wanted one—but now you can publish your own stuff，either digitally or in paperback，without
it costing you a penny piece.
After about five years of producing such columns，it occurred to me that，rather than let these
essays fade away on the seas of time，it might be valuable to publish my thoughts and comments in
book form to potential readers.Hence，in 2014，I published the first 69 GOB columns in paperback
45format，using Amazon's Create Space facilities.Title：Writers Rejoice!A monthly diary of the dawn of
the digital age，which was my first trial.And now I sincerely wish a new 2024.
（1）Why does the author want to give up writing the column？ C
A．He is fed up with the career linked to books.
B．He is very keen on trying something new.
C．He follows Leonard Woolf's suggestion.
D．He's used to changing his job every seven years.
（2）According to the author，what can be inferred from Paragraph 4？ D
A．Now it is amazing to find a publisher easily.
B．Publishing industry is a profitable business.
C．It is rather hard to publish books nowadays.
D．It is a blessing to live in the present times.
（3）What do you think of the author？ C
A．Emotional and good at controlling himself.
B．Dedicated but easy to doubt himself.
C．Purposeful and good at self﹣adjustment.
D．Ambitious but unwilling to change himself.
（4）What does the author mainly want to tell us？ D
A．Giving up timely is another virtue.
B．Changing the job means a new opportunity.
C．The beginning of a year is a new start.
D．Reflection can drive us to push forward.
【考点】记叙文；自我认识．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者多年来一直利用假期来重新审视自己的抱负，今年作者准
备放弃自己的专栏，开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式出版出来，让潜在读者受益，于是作者进行了
第一次尝试。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的 But Leonard Woolf，husband of American writer
Virginia Wool （ 1882— 1941 ） ， used to say a man should change his career every seven
years.Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far，I do find
that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of
46business. （但是作家弗吉尼亚•伍尔的丈夫伦纳德•伍尔夫，曾经说过一个男人应该每七年换一次职业。
虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务
范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。）可知，作者放弃写专栏是因为他采纳了伦纳德•伍尔
夫的建议。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的I began to realize that writers in this century，of both fiction and
non﹣fiction，are living in something close to a paradise（天堂） （我开始意识到，这个世纪的小说
和非小说作家都生活在一个接近天堂的地方）和 but now you can publish your own stuff，either
digitally or in paperback，without it costing you a penny piece （但现在你可以出版自己的作品了，
无论是电子版的作品还是平装本的作品，每本都不用花一分钱）可知，作者认为生活在当今这个时代
是一种福气。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第一段中的 and for many years I have taken advantage of the holiday to
review my own ambition （多年来，我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负）第二段Though I would
say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far，I do find that it serves as a great
refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of business. （虽然我个人会说，
如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工
作，这是一种很好的提神剂。）可知，作者非常善于自我调整。根据最后一段中的 After about five
years of producing such columns，it occurred to me that，rather than let these essays fade away on
the seas of time，it might be valuable to publish my thoughts and comments in book form to
potential readers.Hence，in 2014，I published the first 69 GOB columns in paperback format，using
Amazon's Create Space facilities. （在写了大约五年这样的专栏之后，我突然想到，与其让这些文章
在时间的海洋中消失，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式出版给潜在的读者看。因此，在2014年，我
使用亚马逊的Create Space，以平装本的形式出版了前69篇GOB专栏。）可知，作者是一个目的明
确的人。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文和第一段The turn of the year is the time for reviewing one's life，and
for making some resolutions about what to concentrate on in the coming year；and for many years I
have taken advantage of the holiday to review my own ambition. （一年之交是回顾自己生活的时候，
也是决定来年要专注于什么的时候；我一直利用假期重新审视自己的抱负。）可知，作者主要想告诉
我们反思可以推动我们前进。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得
出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
6．（2024•黑龙江二模） A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last week recently
47received the gift of some old﹣fashioned Christmas cheer from "Santa Claus" （圣诞老人）.
In the spirit of Christmas，the Ferrum Volunteer Fire Department delivered presents to the family
who lost their home and belongings in a house fire on Thursday.
"It was a working structure fire and unfortunately the family lost everything.We as volunteers knew
that we couldn't let this mom and her three kids go through Christmas without anything，" the fire
station wrote on Facebook. "Yes，they're OK but it's Christmas，right？"
The fire station officials delivered Christmas gifts to the mother and her three children the following
day at the local church shelter they were staying at，and in photos posted on the site，the children
appeared joyful.
"We brought gifts and more gifts!The kids were overjoyed and very grateful." the station said on its
post.
"They were very happy to see all the gifts and the fire trucks that we brought the gifts in，" the
department told USA TODAY.The kids received Barbies，Pokémon，artworks，remote control cars，
blankets，clothes and shoes.The mother also received a gift card.
The Facebook post was flooded with what seemed to be comments from community members
touched by the generosity. "The best Christmas gifts are the ones you give!Thank you all for your
wonderful service and your big hearts!" one user commented.
"So thankful they are alright!We are truly blessed to live in such a giving and helping community，
and our fire department and rescue teams are amazing!Great job!So proud!" another user wrote.
（1）What can we learn from the text？ D
A．The Fire Department provided the family with shelter.
B．The volunteers saved some belongings for the family.
C．The family went through Christmas in sorrow.
D．Receiving a Christmas gift is a traditional joy.
（2）What's the comments' attitude towards the fire station？ C
A．Ambiguous.
B．Unconcerned.
C．Appreciative.
D．Sympathetic.
（3）How does the author develop his idea？ B
A．By giving examples.
48B．By using quotation.
C．By making comments.
D．By analysing causes.
（4）What's the best title of this article？ A
A．Firefighters or Santa Claus？
B．Firefighters Safeguarded Us.
C．A Fire Brought Gifts.
D．Love Can Cure.
【考点】新闻报道；公益事业与志愿服务．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了弗吉尼亚州的一户人家在火灾中失去了一切，Ferrum志愿
消防局给他们送上了圣诞礼物，这一行为在Facebook上收获了许多赞扬。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last
week recently received the gift of some old﹣fashioned Christmas cheer from "Santa Claus" （圣诞老
人）.（弗吉尼亚州的一户人家上周被大火烧毁了房子，最近收到了"圣诞老人"送的有点老式的圣诞祝
福礼物。）可推出，收到圣诞礼物是一种传统的乐事。故选D。
（2）观点态度题。根据倒数第二段 The Facebook post was flooded with what seemed to be
comments from community members touched by the generosity. "The best Christmas gifts are the
ones you give!Thank you all for your wonderful service and your big hearts!" one user commented.
（Facebook上的帖子充斥着似乎来自社区成员的评论，他们被这种慷慨感动了。一位用户评论道："最
好的圣诞礼物就是你们送的！感谢你们所有人的优质服务和你们的爱心！"）可推出，网上用户对消防
局的做法非常欣赏。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段"It was a working structure fire and unfortunately the family lost
everything.We as volunteers knew that we couldn't let this mom and her three kids go through
Christmas without anything，" the fire station wrote on Facebook. "Yes，they're OK but it's
Christmas，right？"（"这是一场工作结构火灾，不幸的是，这家人失去了一切。作为志愿者，我们知
道，我们不能让这位母亲和她的三个孩子在没有任何东西的情况下度过圣诞节。"消防局在脸书上写
道。"是的，他们没事，但现在是圣诞节，对吧？"）第六段中的"They were very happy to see all the
gifts and the fire trucks that we brought the gifts in，" the department told USA TODAY. （该部门
告诉《今日美国》："他们很高兴看到我们带来的所有礼物和消防车。"）倒数第二段中的"The best
Christmas gifts are the ones you give!Thank you all for your wonderful service and your big hearts!"
49one user commented.（一位用户评论道："最好的圣诞礼物就是你送的！感谢你们所有人的优质服务和
你们的爱心！"）可知，作者在文章中主要通过引用别人话语的形式来展开思想。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文和第一段 A Virginia family whose home was destroyed by a fire last
week recently received the gift of some old﹣fashioned Christmas cheer from "Santa Claus" （圣诞老
人）.（弗吉尼亚州的一户人家上周被大火烧毁了房子，最近收到了"圣诞老人"送的有点老式的圣诞祝
福礼物。）和第二段 In the spirit of Christmas，the Ferrum Volunteer Fire Department delivered
presents to the family who lost their home and belongings in a house fire on Thursday.（本着圣诞节
的精神，Ferrum志愿消防局为周四在一场房屋火灾中失去家园和财物的这个家庭送上了礼物。）可知，
本文主要讲述了弗吉尼亚州的一户人家在火灾中失去了一切，Ferrum志愿消防局给他们送上了圣诞礼
物，所以A项Firefighters or Santa Claus？（消防员还是圣诞老人？）是最合适的标题。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得
出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
7．（2024•广州一模） When adult humans meet a baby，many can't help speaking in a higher﹣
pitched（更高音的），sing﹣song y voice.This shift，known as parentese，is not unique to humans
—it has also been observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas.Now，scientists are adding one
more species to that list：bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a unique way：
every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card，usually by its first
birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle？For babies，it might have something
to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery ，researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins，
make.
Scientists studied 34 years' worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose
dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young，they continued to make their signature
sound，but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their
babies were not nearby.
This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning
how to produce these calls themselves.Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers
before living on their own ， it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to
communicate.At the very least，the higher﹣pitched whistle likely gets the babies' attention."It's important
for a baby to know，'Oh，Mum's talking to me now，'"says marine biologist June Mann.
This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans."It is absolutely
50essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate，"says Mann."I would
be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of
others，which is what happens in humans."
（1）What do the underlined words"this mystery"refer to in paragraph 2？ B
A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.
C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.
D.Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans.
（2）How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins？ A
A.By analyzing mother dolphins' sound features.
B.By recording parent﹣child interaction frequency.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.
（3）What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young？ A
A.To help them learn to talk.
B.To teach them hunting skills.
C.To express worry and care.
D.To distract their attention.
（4）What is the purpose of the text？ C
A.To compare the parentese of humans and dolphins.
B.To illustrate the development of dolphin intelligence.
C.To share new findings about dolphin communication.
D.To highlight the value of studying dolphins' language.
【考点】说明文；自然科学研究成果．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类、猴子和大猩猩等动物都会在与幼崽接触时使用更高的
音调和歌唱般的声音。现在，科学家们将海豚也加入到这个列表中。研究人员发现，母海豚在靠近幼
崽时会改变它们的特定声音，并使用更广泛的频率范围。这种发现表明母海豚通过这些修改来帮助幼
崽学习如何自己发出这些呼唤声。这种研究有助于我们了解语言是如何在人类中发展的，也有助于了
解其他物种如何交流。
【解答】（1）代词指代题。根据文章第二段 But how does each come up with its distinctive
51whistle？For babies，it might have something to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery ，
researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins，make.（但是它们是如何产生独特的哨声的呢？对于
婴儿来说，这可能与听妈妈的话有关。为了解开这个谜团，研究人员研究了海豚妈妈发出的声音。）
可知this mystery的意思是"海豚如何发展它们独特的声音"。A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
为什么海豚成群生活和玩耍；B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.海豚如何发展它们独特的声
音；C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.海豚拥有哪些方面的智力；D.Whether dolphins
can use parentese like humans.海豚是否能像人类一样使用父母语言。故答案为B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Scientists studied 34 years' worth of recordings of sounds made
by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young，they continued to
make their signature sound，but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies
than they did when their babies were not nearby.（科学家研究了19只雌性宽吻海豚长达34年的声音
记录。当母海豚靠近幼崽时，它们会继续发出标志性的声音，但频率更高。与婴儿不在身边时相比，
他们使用的频率范围也更广。）可知研究人员通过分析母海豚的声音特征来研究海豚。故答案为A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother
dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves（这一发现表明，利用这
些变化，母海豚可以帮助它们的幼崽学会如何发出这些叫声）可知海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的一个
原因是帮助它们学会说话。故答案为A。
（4）目的意图题。根据文章最后一段This kind of research could help us understand how language
developed in humans."It is absolutely essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how
they communicate，"says Mann."I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change
their sounds when interacting with babies of others，which is what happens in humans."（这种研究可
以帮助我们理解人类语言是如何发展的。"了解其他物种以及它们如何交流的基本知识是绝对必要
的，"曼恩说。"我真的很有兴趣看看海豚在与他人的婴儿互动时是否也会改变声音，这是人类的情
况。"）可知这篇文章的目的是分享海豚交流的新发现。故答案为C。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有
限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人
物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的
感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试
题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法
52加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细
节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理
不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或
认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下
文等线索确定词义。
8．（2024•湛江一模）
Top Coffee﹣producing Countries
Brazil
Back in the 18th century，Brazil started growing coffee.Now，around 300，000 coffee farmers in
Brazil produce about 40% of the world's coffee.Arabica （阿拉比卡咖啡） takes up 70% of the coffee
beans grown in the country.In Brazil，3% of export income is from coffee beans.Brazilians are wild
about drinking their coffee and consume it all day long.
Vietnam
Coffee found its way to Vietnam in the 1800s.Now coffee industry employs almost 3 million
people.Most of Vietnam's coffee production is the less appreciated Robusta （ 罗 布 斯 塔 咖 啡 ）
variety.Because of that，most coffee beans grown in Vietnam are for instant coffee.Despite coffee's
popularity as an export crop，the Vietnamese still prefer tea.They also make a famous Cappuccino （卡
布奇诺咖啡） not found elsewhere—famous because it gets a dose of raw egg if that's to your liking.
Colombia
Coffee was introduced into Colombia in the early 1700s.In Colombia，about 2.3 million acres of
land are planted with coffee.Coffee is the most important agricultural export.There are around 555，000
coffee growers in Colombia.The majority of Colombian coffee plantations are owned by
families.Colombians typically start their morning with a tinto.It's a small cup of black coffee that's
sweetened with sugar.They may add cinnamon or other spices to jazz it up.
Indonesia
Indonesia has a long coffee history that goes back to the 1600s，which has its share of ups and
downs.In the late 19th century，the terrible coffee rust disease caused death to many of the high﹣
quality coffee plants.To prevent this from happening again，Indonesia replanted with the disease﹣
53resistant Robusta coffee.Arabica beans still play a part in the Indonesian coffee market，representing
about 25% of coffee beans grown there.
（1）Which of the four countries started growing coffee earliest？ D
A．Brazil.
B．Vietnam.
C．Colombia.
D．Indonesia.
（2）What is special about Vietnam？ A
A．A unique kind of coffee drink is made there.
B．High﹣quality coffee beans are produced there.
C．Coffee was produced for the home market there.
D．Coffee planting met with problems in the 1990s there.
（3）What do Brazil and Colombia have in common？ B
A．Coffee exports are growing in both countries.
B．They both have a coffee﹣loving population.
C．They share the same number of coffee growers.
D．Coffee farms are owned by families in both countries.
【考点】说明文；传统习俗与文化．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个咖啡产国的情况。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Brazil部分Back in the 18th century，Brazil started growing coffee.
（早在 18 世纪，巴西就开始种植咖啡）；Vietnam 部分 Coffee found its way to Vietnam in the
1800s. （咖啡在19世纪进入越南）；Colombia部分Coffee was introduced into Colombia in the early
1700s. （咖啡在18世纪早期被引入哥伦比亚）以及Indonesia部分Indonesia has a long coffee history
that goes back to the 1600s，which has its share of ups and downs. （印尼有着悠久的咖啡历史，可
以追溯到17世纪，其间有起有落。）可知，Indonesia是种植咖啡最早的。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Vietnam部分They also make a famous Cappuccino （卡布奇诺咖啡） not
found elsewhere—famous because it gets a dose of raw egg if that's to your liking. （他们还制作了
一种其他地方没有的著名卡布奇诺，因为如果你喜欢的话，它会得到一剂生鸡蛋，所以很出名。）可
知，越南的特别之处在于那里生产一种独特的咖啡饮料。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Brazil部分Brazilians are wild about drinking their coffee and consume it all
54day long. （巴西人喜欢喝咖啡，整天都在喝。）和 Colombia部分 Colombians typically start their
morning with a tinto.It's a small cup of black coffee that's sweetened with sugar. （哥伦比亚人通常
以一杯tinto开始他们的早晨。它是一小杯加糖的黑咖啡。）可知，巴西和哥伦比亚的共同之处是都有
喜欢喝咖啡的人。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
9．（2024•雨花区校级模拟） In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able to perceive
several thousand stars on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has impeded
people from the nightly view.
New citizen﹣science﹣based research throws alarming light on the problem of "sky glow"﹣the
diffuse illumination （漫射照明） of the night sky that is a form of light pollution.The data came from
crowd﹣sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night，a program
developed by astronomer Connie Walker.
Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and
wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved
alongside.Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage.Until relatively
recently，humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky，and the effect of
this nighty spectacle （壮观） is evident in ancient cultures.
Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006.Anyone can submit observations
through the Globe at Night web application.Participants record which one best matches what they can
see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.
Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6% per
year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring sky
glow as it appears to humans，because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers
（纳米）.White LEDs，with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers，now are increasingly commonly
used in outdoor lighting.But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at
nighttime.Space﹣based instruments do not measure light from windows，either.But these sources are
significant contributors to sky glow us seen from the ground.
"The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts
and developing new strategies to protect dark skies，" said Walker. "The Globe at Night dataset is
necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoever can to get
involved to help protect the starry night sky."
55（1）What does the underlined word "impeded" in the first paragraph mean？ B
A．separated.
B．disabled.
C．demanded.
D．protected.
（2）What does the loss of visible stars lead to？ D
A．Poorer human health.
B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．More delicate biological systems.
D．Less nightly culture elements of the sky.
（3）What does the author stress in paragraph 5？ A
A．Crowd sourced data are invaluable.
B．Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.
C．Satellites play a vital role.
D．White LEDs are widely used.
（4）What can be inferred from Walker's words？ D
A．Their consistent efforts pay off.
B．The dataset needs to be updated.
C．The sky glow has been over﹣emphasized.
D．More participants are expected to join in.
【考点】说明文；环境保护．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BDAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了光污染正在夺走我们的夜空，使得星星在我们眼前消失。
【解答】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第一段In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able
to perceive several thousand stars on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has
impeded people from the nightly view.（在一望无际的天空中，在一个晴朗、黑暗的夜晚，人类的肉
眼应该能够看到几千颗星星。不幸的是，日益严重的光污染 impeded人们欣赏夜景。）可知，人类的
肉眼本来可以看到几千颗星星，不幸的是，日益严重的光污染却使人们不能欣赏夜景。故划线词意思
是"使……不能"。A．separated.分开；B．disabled.使丧失能力；C．demanded.要求；D．protected.保护。
故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of
56human cultural heritage.（此外，可见星星的损失是人类文化遗产的巨大损失。）可推断出可见星星的
缺失会导致较少的夜间天空文化元素。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。由本文第五段的内容，尤其是最后一句话 But these sources are significant
contributors to sky glow us seen from the ground.（但这些光源是我们从地面上看到的天光的重要贡
献者。）可推断出作者在第五段中强调了众包数据是无价的。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中的Walker说的话The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our
ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help
protect the starry night sky.（全球夜间数据集对于我们持续评估天空辉光的变化是必要的，我们鼓励
任何可以参与的人来帮助保护星空。）可推断出Walker期望会有更多的参与者加入。故选D。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般
没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；
其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带
着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对
性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到
稳、准。
10．（2024•良庆区校级二模） National parks like Yellowstone are popular destinations for both
family vacations and adventure trips alike.But there are some places that simply don't get the love
that they deserve despite the fact that they are truly impressive.
Isle Royale National Park
Located in the heart of Lake Superior，Isle Royale requires a bit of work to reach，but it is well
worth the effort.Access is permitted only through daily ferries ， which is why larger parks like
Yellowstone see more visitors in a day than Isle Royale sees in a year.Wildlife like wolves are
frequently spotted by hikers along the park's scenic trails.
Dry Tortugas National Park
Another island park，the Dry Tortugas can be found 68 miles to the southwest of the Florida
Keys.Accessible only by boat or plane，this park is actually quite small，but it's packed with history，
abundant sea life，and amazing coral reefs.At the center of the park is Fort Jefferson，the largest
masonry（砖石）structure in the Western Hemisphere.
Wrangell﹣St.Elias National Park
Covering more than 13.2 million acres，Wrangell﹣St Elias National Park is the largest in the entire
U.S.system.Remote and mostly undeveloped，this is a park that demands more from its visitors，after all
there are just two roads that lead into it.But in return，it gives them a special connection with nature
57that simply isn't found anywhere else.
Big Bend National Park
Travelers looking for a truly wild experience should have Big Bend National Park on their bucket
lists.Big Bend is well known for its whitewater rafting camping，and hiking although during the summer
months it can be intensely warm，keeping many visitors away.
（1）What is the main reason for fewer visitors to Isle Royale National Park？ D
A．The terrible work.
B．The dangerous wolves.
C．The remote location.
D．The inconvenient transport.
（2）Which park will you visit if you are interested in history？ C
A．Big Bend National Park.
B．Isle Royale National Park.
C．Dry Tortugas National Park.
D．Wrangell St.Elias National Park.
（3）How is Wrangell﹣St.Elias National Park different from the other three parks？ B
A．With its wide roads.
B．With its large area.
C．With its beautiful scenery.
D．With its special visitors
【考点】应用文；旅游观光．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DCB
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个游客很少游览，但是确实令人印象深刻的国家公园。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据 Isle Royale National Park部分中的Access is permitted only via
daily ferries，which is why larger parks like Yellowstone see more visitors in a day than Isle Royale
sees in a year（只能通过每日渡轮进入，这就是为什么像黄石公园这样的大型公园一天接待的游客数
量比皇家岛一年接待的游客数量还要多）可知，交通不方便是 Isle Royale National Park游客较少的主
要原因。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Dry Tortugas National Park部分中的Accessible only by boat or plane，this
park is actually quite small，but it's packed with history，abundant sea life，and amazing coral reefs
（这个公园只能乘船或飞机到达，实际上很小，但它充满了历史、丰富的海洋生物和令人惊叹的珊瑚
58礁）可知，如果你对历史感兴趣，你会去Dry Tortugas National Park，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Wrangell﹣St.Elias National Park部分中的Covering more than 13.2 million
acres，Wrangell﹣St Elias National Park is the largest in the entire U.S.system（兰格尔—圣埃利亚斯
国家公园占地超过 1320 万英亩，是整个美国最大的国家公园）可知，Wrangell﹣St.Elias国家公园是
最大的国家公园，故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
11．（2024•新泰市校级一模） If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk，you
are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks.But how does it work？And how much salt do
humans pour onto our planet's surface？The second question is easier to answer：a lot.
Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow simply disappear.Instead it makes water less
likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.In the case of simple rock salt，which
is a rawer ， less pure version of table salt ， each molecule （ 分 子 ） splits into smaller
elements.Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form a stable，orderly
structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that
interruption and for freezing to occur.
But if salt needs to interact with liquid water，how does it do anything when temperatures are
stubbornly below freezing，and water should already be in the form of ice？That's where cars help clear
their own way by creating friction and，in turn，heat.The friction allows for the ice that has already
frozen to melt a little bit，making it unlikely to freeze.
Beyond rock salt's ability to clear icy streets，it can also be destructive.Chloride ions （氯离子）
can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities.Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes
could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.
Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt.Other salts such as magnesium
chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt，and they're perhaps even more
efficient.Some experiments are testing other ice﹣preventing solutions，including those that contain sugars
instead of or in addition to salts.Another approach relies more heavily on sand，which can mechanically
make roads safer.All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather
condition —a Herculean task when winter brings its worst.
（1）What's the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2？ D
A．To introduce the topic.
59B．To give some evidence.
C．To define the phenomenon.
D．To reveal the misconception.
（2）How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing？ D
A．By lowering the temperature.
B．By melting and splitting itself.
C．By lining up to form a solid structure.
D．By stopping the formation of the structure.
（3）What does the underlined word "densities" in Paragraph 4 mean？ A
A．Concentrations.
B．Weights.
C．Qualities.
D．Salts.
（4）What's the last paragraph mainly talking about？ B
A．Other salts won't disturb local ecology.
B．Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels.
C．Many alternatives are available to solve the problem.
D．Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety.
【考点】说明文；日常生活．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造
成的交通安全问题，并就此问题所带来的环境问题进行科普。
【解答】（1）目的意图题。根据第二段第一句Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow
simply disappear.（盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。）以及第二句Instead it makes water less
likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.（相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这
种现象被称为冰点降低。）可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融
化的错误想法。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form
a stable，orderly structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to
overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.（正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一
行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，
从而发生冻结。）可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。
60（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could
begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.（北美湖泊中氯化物densities 的增
加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。）可知，氯离子的浓度增加会是当地生态系统受到干扰，
并使饮用水源退化。所以划线词的意思是"浓度"。A．Concentrations浓度；B．Weights重量；C．
Qualities品质；D．Salts盐。故选A项。
（4）段落大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can
travel in any weather condition…（所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行。）可
知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12．（2024•青羊区校级模拟）"Soon，you're going to have to move out!" cried my neighbor upon
seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind，or at least known in my neighborhood.
One tiny 9﹣inch plant，bought for ＄1.25 in the spring，has already taken over much of my rose
bed，covering much of other plants，and is well on its way to the front door.
Roses require a good deal of care，and if it weren't for the pleasure they give，it wouldn't be
worth the work.As it is，I have a garden full of sweet﹣smelling roses for most of the year.Bushes
must be pruned（剪枝）in early spring，leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a
few weeks later.It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato
plant.A big mistake.
Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes.The daily
watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing（施肥）have turned the little plant into a tall
bush.The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves.
Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold：First，I have to find the red ones among
the leaves，which means I almost have to stand on my head，and once found I have to reach down
and under，pick the tomatoes and withdraw（缩回）my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly
won.I found two full﹣blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June，but they
were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.
Here I am faced with a painful small decision：To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant
that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several
expensive and treasured roses.Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind，I'll think about that tomorrow.
（1）What are the requirements for the healthy growth of roses？ A
61A．A lot of care and the right soil.
B．Frequent pruning and fertilizing.
C．Tomato plants grown alongside.
D．Cages placed around the roots.
（2）The writer planted the tomato because C .
A．it cost only ＄1.25
B．the soil was just right for it
C．there was room for it in the garden
D．the roses' branches needed to be covered
（3）This year the writer's roses were D .
A．removed from the rose bed
B．picked along with the tomatoes
C．mostly damaged by too much sunlight
D．largely hidden under the tomato plant
（4）By saying "the prize so dearly won" in paragraph 5，the writer wants to A .
A．show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes
B．show the hardship of growing the roses
C．express her liking for the roses
D．express her care for the tomatoes
【考点】社会；说明文．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】ACDA
【分析】本文大意讲的是作者在春天偶然栽种的一棵西红柿长成后非常大，影响到园中的玫瑰花，作
者在享受西红柿美味的同时，又难以割舍珍贵的玫瑰花，面对两种选择，作者举棋不定。
【解答】（1）A．细节理解题。根据第三段Roses require a good deal of care玫瑰需要精心照料和第
四段Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes适合种
植玫瑰的土壤条件更适合种植西红柿。可知玫瑰的健康成长需要很多关心和正确的土。故选A。
（2）C．推理判断题。根据第三段的 It was the space available in the garden that led me into
planting just one little tomato plant．A big mistake正是花园里的空地让我只种了一株小番茄，这是一
个很大的错误。可知是因为有地方作者才种西红柿的。故选C。
（3）D．细节理解题。根据第二段 One tiny 9﹣inch plant，bought for ＄1.25 in the spring，has
already taken over much of my rose bed，covering much of other plants一株9英寸的小植物，它已
经占据了我的大部分玫瑰花床，覆盖了许多其他植物。可知西红柿已经盖住了玫瑰。故选D。
62（4）A．句意猜测题。此题答案选A，其推理依据主要有以下几点：一是作者在第1句用了 the task
一词，将摘西红柿看成是一项"任务"；二是作者在三个地方用了have to，表示摘西红柿不容易；三是
作者还用了stand on my head，reach down and under…等夸张性用词，充分说明了摘西红柿的难度。
比较四个选项，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分
析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
13．（2024•长安区一模） We may weep for the dodo，but could and should we bring this lovely
bird back from the dead？De﹣extinction is the science of restoring lost species and it has been in
the news for decades.
The story in modern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichton published his science fiction
novel Jurassic Park，in which he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back
to life.Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction （PCR） technology could be a way to amplify
（放大） tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living embryo.
Sadly，biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super﹣fast；even after 100 years，
DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed （腐烂） beyond repair.They could be sequenced （测
定序列） using massive computational power，but then only with considerable uncertainty.And even if
you capture a DNA sequence，there's still the problem of how you get living cells to read that
sequence and express proteins that make the dinosaur or the dodo.
But why would anyone want to see mammoths，or something like them，roaming （漫游） present
﹣day Siberia？Well，they were undoubtedly amazing beasts.As well as hunting them，our distant
ancestors painted their likenesses in caves across Europe.Fascinating as they may be，there's some
ecological justification for the project too.
It was this diversity of land surface，broken up by heavy limbs and randomly fertilised by faeces
（排泄物），that supported so much flora （植物群）.Without the mammoths，that diversity
disappeared.Return them and landscapes would once again be with a variety of species，including
flowers and bushes.
True，it's not de﹣extinction in the sense of bringing a long﹣dead species back to life.Instead it's
more like making a "dodo" by engineering a modern pigeon，its closest relative，to become huge and
flightless.The result would be a big，fatty pigeon that，whether it looked like a dodo or not，would
probably fulfil some of its ecological roles.
As a palaeontologist，I would of course love to see living dinosaurs，mammoths and dodos.In some
63ways，though，I am relieved that the optimistic claims for cloning and genetic technologies have not
been borne out.The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid some of
Michael Crichton's more fevered imaginings.
（1）What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？ C
A．A science fiction review.
B．The development of DNA.
C．An inspired guess of de﹣extinction.
D．The application of PCR technology.
（2）What's the barrier to cloning a living embryo？ A
A．DNA is hard to keep for long.
B．Computational power is limited.
C．Biologists are opposed to it.
D．Living cells cant be sequenced.
（3）Why are people interested in cloning extinct species？ D
A．They expect to seek hunt fun.
B．They lack sources of modern art.
C．They need them for research.
D．They want to see biodiversity.
（4）What's the author's attitude toward cloning extinct species？ A
A．Cautious.
B．Unclear.
C．Dismissive.
D．Approving.
【考点】议论文；科普知识．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CADA
【分析】这篇短文讨论了"物种复活"科学，即恢复已灭绝物种的可能性。文章提到了迈克尔•克莱顿的
小说《侏罗纪公园》，其中科学家通过PCR技术复活恐龙的想象。然而，生物学家很快意识到DNA
分解速度非常快，即使是博物馆中保存百年的渡渡鸟标本DNA也已损坏无法修复。文章还提出了复活
物种的生态学理由，比如复活猛犸象可能有助于恢复生态多样性。最后，作者作为一名古生物学家，
表达了对看到活的恐龙、猛犸象和渡渡鸟的渴望，但也对目前克隆和基因技术的局限表示了庆幸，因
为这给了我们时间去考虑可能的后果。
64【解答】（1）段落大意题。文章第二段讲到in which he imagined a world where scientists were able
to bring dinosaurs back to life.Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction （PCR） technology
could be a way to amplify （放大） tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living
embryo. （在小说里，他想象了一个科学家能够让恐龙复活的世界。克莱顿设想聚合酶链式反应
（PCR）技术可能是一种通过放大微小数量的恐龙DNA，从而构建了一个活的胚胎。）可知，第二段
的主要内容是一个关于灭绝动物复活启发性猜测。选项C．An inspired guess of de﹣extinction.（一个
关于灭绝的启发性猜测）符合题意。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。文章第三段讲到 Sadly，biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down
super﹣fast；even after 100 years，DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed （腐烂） beyond
repair. （可悲的是，生物学家很快意识到DNA实际上分解得非常快；即使在100年后，博物馆里渡渡
鸟皮肤上的DNA也腐烂得无法修复。）可知，克隆活胚胎的障碍是很难长期保存。选项A．DNA is
hard to keep for long.（DNA很难长期保存）符合题意。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。文章第五段讲到 Without the mammoths，that diversity disappeared.Return them
and landscapes would once again be with a variety of species，including flowers and bushes. （没有
长毛象，这种多样性就消失了。让他们回归，景观将再次出现各种各样的物种，包括花朵和灌木。）
可知，人们热衷于克隆灭绝动物主要是想看到生物的多样性。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。文章最后一段讲到 The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and
hopefully avoid some of Michael Crichton's more fevered imaginings （经济放缓给了我们时间来考虑
结果——并有望避免迈克尔•克莱顿的一些更狂热的想象）可知，作者对克隆灭绝动物持谨慎的观点。
故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
14．（2024•湖北模拟） As Pakistan and China are marking 2023 as a Year of Tourism，Pakistan's
breathtaking natural beauty，diverse cultural heritage and historical landmarks are all set to catch the
attention of tourists.
Balochistan：Nature's Bounty Unveiled
Stretching across vast expanses，Balochistan is Pakistan's largest province，boasting not only
abundant mineral resources but unique natural beauty.Its mountain ranges，mines and extensive coastal
belt，which is home to the prosperous Gwadar Port，attract adventurers.
Punjab：A Tapestry of History and Heritage
In the heart of Pakistan lies Punjab province，a land of green agricultural fields，intricate（交错
的） river networks，ancient forts and charming Mughal﹣era gardens.Over two millennia（千年） ago，
65the Gandhara Buddhist civilization thrived in northern Pakistan，with Taxil a serving as its primary
center of learning.
Sindh：A Tapestry of History and Culture
Sindh，in Pakistan's southern region，weaves together a tale of history and natural beauty.It is home
to the ancient city of Mohenjo﹣Daro，a relic of the Indus Valley Civilization，along with the modern
city of Karachi and its picturesque coastline.
Northern Pakistan：Nature's Masterpiece
Spread over 72 ， 496 square kilometers ， Pakistan's northern regions are a masterpiece of
nature.Among towering peaks，including numerous summits over 8，000 meters，peaceful valleys like
Gilgit，Hunza and Skardu offer a brief escape.
As Pakistan invites the world to explore its diverse and fascinating landscapes，it also extends a
warm invitation to discovery the history，spirituality and natural wonders that define this remarkable
nation.
（1）As a Buddhist，your favorite destination in Pakistan might be B .
A.Balochistan
B.Punjab
C.Sindh
D.Gilgit
（2）What do the four parts have in common？ A
A.Natural beauty.
B.Historical origin.
C.Cultural relics.
D.Diverse resources.
（3）The passage serves as a（n） B .
A.guidance
B.introduction
C.commercial
D.notice
【考点】应用文；旅游观光．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BAB
【分析】2023年是中巴旅游年，巴基斯坦以其壮丽的自然风光、丰富的文化遗产和历史地标吸引游客。
66文中介绍了巴各省份的旅游亮点：俾路支斯坦的广阔自然美景，旁遮普的历史与文化遗产，信德省的
历史文化与自然风光，以及北部地区的壮丽山峰与宁静山谷，展现了巴基斯坦的历史、宗教和自然奇
观。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。由Punjab：A Tapestry of History and Heritage部分Over two millennia
（千年） ago，the Gandhara Buddhist civilization thrived in northern Pakistan，with Taxil a serving
as its primary center of learning.（两千多年前，犍陀罗佛教文明在巴基斯坦北部蓬勃发展，塔克希尔
是其主要的学习中心。）可知，佛教徒可能最喜欢Punjab，因为那里有佛教文明。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。由 Balochistan：Nature's Bounty Unveiled 部分 Balochistan is Pakistan's largest
province，boasting not only abundant mineral resources but unique natural beauty.（俾路支省是巴基斯
坦最大的省份，不仅拥有丰富的矿产资源，而且拥有独特的自然风光）以及 Punjab：A Tapestry of
History and Heritage 部分 a land of green agricultural fields，intricate（交错的） river networks，
ancient forts and charming Mughal﹣era gardens.（这里有绿色的农田、错综复杂的河流网络、古老的
堡垒和迷人的莫卧儿时代的花园。）以及Sindh：A Tapestry of History and Culture部分的Sindh，in
Pakistan's southern region，weaves together a tale of history and natural beauty.（信德省位于巴基斯
坦南部地区，历史和自然美景交织在一起。）以及 Northern Pakistan：Nature's Masterpiece部分的
Pakistan's northern regions are a masterpiece of nature.（巴基斯坦北部地区是大自然的杰作。）可知，
四个地方都有自然美景。故选A。
（3）文章类型题。从内容和风格来看，本文介绍了巴基斯坦的几个旅游景点，没有详细的旅游攻略和
费用解释，所以不是旅游指南和广告，所以是一篇介绍。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
15．（2024•浉河区校级二模） It's 1：30 am in Kenya's populated north，and 50 people are lying
on their backs on the shore of a dried﹣up river，staring up at the night sky.These stargazers have
travelled 250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower（英仙座流星雨）.They are not
disappointed：Every few minutes，arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks.
The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer，Susan Murabana，who has brought a 50
kg，170 cm﹣long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep﹣sky objects.But here in
Samburu，where light pollution is minimal，the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye （裸眼）—
steal the show .
Every two months，Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and
set off to rural communities，where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and
learn about constellations （星座） and the basics of astrophysics.They primarily targets schools in
67remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to
her.
"When I started this work，I didn't see people who looked like me.I was a lone ranger and I
wanted to change that." says Murabana.
"There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard，boring，and only
for boys，" she adds. "I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that
they，too，can become astronomers，" says Murabana.
Murabana's passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join a
similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education. "That was a gamechanger.If an outreach
group had come to me when I was a young teenager，my attitude towards a career in astronomy would
have been positive.I ended up studying sociology and economics，but maybe I would have desired to be
an astronomer，" she says.
Inspired by the Cosmos Education，Murabana completed an online master's degree in astronomy
with the James Cook University in 2011 and set up her own outreach programme.She looked to Dr Mae
Jemison，the first black woman in space，as a role model. "I hope that one day，through this work，I
will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space."
（1）What do the underlined words "steal the show" in paragraph 2 mean？ C
A．Ruin the effort.
B．Face the challenge.
C．Attract more attention.
D．Keep the promise.
（2）Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas？ B
A．To help them out of poverty.
B．To inspire their love of astronomy.
C．To look for assistants for her work.
D．To give them an edge over boys in studies.
（3）What can we learn about Murabana from paragraph 6？ D
A．She enjoyed playing games.
B．She longed to be an astronomer.
C．She is an initiator of Cosmos Education.
D．She regretted not taking astronomy earlier.
68（4）What's the passage mainly about？ C
A．The birth of a Kenyan woman astronomer.
B．The prejudice against girls in rural Kenyan.
C．The Kenyan astronomer bringing astronomy to the people.
D．The Kenyan stargazers watching the Perseid meteors shower.
【考点】记叙文；科普知识．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CBDC
【分析】本篇是记叙文。文章主要讲述了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana致力于普及天文知识的情况。
【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子 The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan
astronomer，Susan Murabana，who has brought a 50 kg，170 cm﹣long telescope to allow the group
to view Mars and deep﹣sky objects.But here in Samburu，where light pollution is minimal，the
Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye （裸眼）— steal the show .（"星际旅行"由肯尼亚天文学
家苏珊•穆拉巴纳组织，她带来了一台50公斤、170厘米长的望远镜，使该小组能够观察火星和深空
物体。但在光污染最小的桑布鲁，肉眼可见的英仙座流星抢了风头。）可知，划线部分的意思是"吸引
了更多注意力"。A．Ruin the effort毁了努力；B．Face the challenge面对挑战；C．Attract more
attention吸引更多注意力；D．Keep the promise信守承诺。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段"There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general
is hard，boring，and only for boys，" she adds. "I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is
neither of these things and that they，too，can become astronomers，" says Murabana.（她补充
说："在肯尼亚有一种普遍的误解，认为天文学总体上是困难、无聊的，而且只适合男孩。"Murabana
说："我想告诉年轻女孩，天文学不是这两种东西，她们也可以成为天文学家。"）可知，Murabana主
要针对偏远地区的女孩，为了激发她们对天文学的热爱。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第六段 If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young
teenager.my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive.I ended up studying
sociology and economics，but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer （如果在我十几岁的
时候有一个外展小组来找我，我对天文学事业的态度会是积极的。我最终学习了社会学和经济学，但
也许我想成为一名天文学家）推知，Murabana后悔没有早点学天文学。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段 Every two months，Murabana and her husband load
their telescope on to the roof of their4×4 and set off to rural communities，where they give up to
300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations （星座） and the basics of
astrophysics. （每两个月，Murabana和她的丈夫就把望远镜装到他们4×4的屋顶上，然后出发前往农
69村社区，在那里他们给了多达300名儿童一个观看行星、了解星座和天体物理学基础知识的机会。）
可知，本文主要介绍了致力于把天文学带给人民的肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana的故事。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得
出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16．（2024•长春模拟） Raised in a fatherless home，my father was extremely tightfisted towards us
children.His attitude didn't soften as I grew into adulthood and drifted away to college.I had to ride
the bus whenever I came home.Though the bus stopped about two miles from home，Dad never met
me，even in cold weather.If I grumbled（嘟囔），he'd say in his loudest father voice，"That's what
your legs are for!"
The walk didn't bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country
roads.I also felt less than valued that my father didn't seem concerned about my safety.That feeling was
canceled one spring evening.
It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs.I longed for home.When
the bus reached a stop，I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home.
A row of hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house.Once I had turned
off the highway to start the last lap of my journey，I was always relieved to see the hedge because it
meant that I was almost home.On that particular evening，the hedge had just come into view when I
saw something gray moving along the top of the hedge ， moving toward the house.Upon closer
observation，I realized it was the top of my father's head.Then I knew，each time I'd come home，he
had stood behind the hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallowed hard against the
threatening tears.He did care，after all.
On later visits，that spot of gray became my watchtower.I could hardly wait until I was close
enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery.Upon reaching home，I would find my
father sitting innocently in his chair."So!My son，it's you!"he'd say，his face lengthening into pretended
surprise.
I replied，"Yes，Dad，it's me.I'm home."
（1）What did the author think of the two﹣mile walk home？ C
A.It reflected his value.
B.It was the most troublesome.
C.It wasn't ranked number one in his concerns.
70D.It was extremely unbearable in cold weathers.
（2）How did the author feel when he saw the hedge？ B
A.Disappointed.
B.Hopeful.
C.Frustrated.
D.Regretful.
（3）Why did the author's father watch behind the hedge？ C
A.The author often changed routes back home.
B.He wanted to help the author build up courage.
C.He was really concerned about his son's safety.
D.That was the only way he could express his love.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A
A.Father's Secret.
B.My Childhood Life.
C.Terrible Journey Home.
D.Riding Bus Alone.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CBCA
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后面
看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的The walk didn't bother me as much as the fear of walking
alone along the highway and country roads（步行两英里并没有像独自走在高速公路和乡间小路上那
样让我烦恼），可知对步行两英里回家不是作者最担心的事，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的A row of hedge（篱笆） edged the driveway that climbed the
hill to our house.Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey，I was
always relieved to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home（一排树篱沿着通往我们家
的上坡车道。当我离开高速公路开始旅程的最后一圈时，看到树篱我总是松了一口气，因为这意味着
我几乎要回家了），可知作者看到树篱时会觉得充满希望，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段的Then I knew，each time I'd come home，he had stood behind the
hedge，watching，until he knew I had arrived safely.I swallowed hard against the threatening tears.He
did care，after all（然后我知道，每次我回家，他都站在树篱后面看着，直到他知道我已经安全到达。
我强忍着威胁的泪水咽了下去。毕竟，他确实很在乎），可知作者的父亲在树篱后面看着是因为他真
71的很关心儿子的安全，故选C。
（4）标题判断题。通读全文，可知本文讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树
篱后面看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全，所以A.Father's Secret（父亲的秘密）可以反映文章的主题，
适合作为标题，故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
17．（2024•呼和浩特一模） The Asch Conformity Experiments，conducted by psychologist Solomon
Asch in the 1950s，demonstrated the power of conformity. （从众） in groups and showed that even
simple objective facts cannot resist the pressure of group influence.
In the experiments，groups of university students were asked to participate in a perception test.In
reality，all but one of the participants were "confederates"，cooperators with the experimenter who only
pretended to be participants.The study was about how the remaining student would react to the behavior
of the other "participants".
The participants of the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical （垂直）
black line on it.Then，they were given a second card with three lines of varying length labeled A．B，
and C．One line on the second card was the same length as that on the first，and the other two lines
were obviously longer and shorter.
Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line，A，B，or C，matched
the length of the line on the first card.In each experimental case，the confederates answered first，and
the real participant was seated so that he would answer last.In some cases，the confederates answered
correctly，while in others，they answered incorrectly.
Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to answer incorrectly in the
instances when the confederates did so，or whether their belief in their own perception and correctness
would outweigh the social pressure provided by the responses of the other group members.
Asch found that one﹣third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at
least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers，and only one﹣fourth gave correct answers
in defiance of the pressure to conform to the wrong answers provided by the group.
In interviews following the trials ， Asch found that for those who answered incorrectly ， in
conformance with the group，some believed that the answers given by the confederates were correct，
some thought that they were suffering a lapse（失误） in perception when they originally had the
answer different from the group，and others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer，
but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didn't want to break from the majority.
72（1）What are the participants asked to do in the experiment？ B
A．Label the cards with different letters.
B．Pick out two lines of the same length.
C．State the reason for matching the cards.
D．Identify the longest vertical black line.
（2）What's paragraph 5 mainly about？ C
A．The result of the experiment.
B．The design of the experiment.
C．The purpose of the experiment.
D．The procedure of the experiment.
（3）What does the underlined part "in defiance of" in paragraph 6 mean？ A
A．In spite of.B．For fear of.
C．In response to.D．On account of.
（4）Why did the real participants give a wrong answer？ C
A．They misunderstood the question.
B．They believed their own judgment.
C．They failed to resist group influence.
D．They wanted to be different from others.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】BCAC
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了心理学家索洛蒙•阿什的实验揭示了从众行为的力量，有些参与
者选择错误答案是出于遵循大多数人的心理，而放弃了自己正确的判断。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段 Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each
other which line，A，B，or C，matched the length of the line on the first card（参与者被要求在彼
此面前大声说出哪条线（A、B或C）与第一张卡片上的线长度相符）可知参与者被要求挑出两条长度
相同的线。故选B。
（2）段落大意题。根据第五段的 Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to
answer incorrectly in the instances when the confederates did so，or whether their belief in their own
perception and correctness would outweigh the social pressure provided by the responses of the other
group members. （Asch想看看真正的参与者是否会在同伴回答错误的情况下受到压力，或者他们对自
己的看法和正确性的信念是否会超过其他小组成员的回答所带来的社会压力。） 可知，Asch是要通
73过实验来看一下参与者面对压力的反应，即本段主要讲的是实验的目的。故选C。
（3）猜测词义题。根据第六段的 Asch found that one﹣third of real participants gave the same
wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers
（Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出
了一些错误的答案）可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由only一词可知，接下来谈
的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为"无视，不顾"。A．In spite of.无视，不
顾；B．For fear of.以免；C．In response to.回应；D．On account of.因为。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer，
but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didn't want to break from the majority （一些人
承认他们知道自己有正确的答案，但因为不想与大多数人决裂而遵从了错误的答案。）可知，真正的
参与者给出了错误的答案是因为他们未能抵制群体的影响。故选C。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有
限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人
物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的
感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试
题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法
加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细
节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理
不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或
认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下
文等线索确定词义。
18．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） Eva，the Belgian Malinois，is home now，getting a well﹣deserved
rest surrounded by new toys after nearly dying while protecting her human from a mountain lion.
The attack happened on May 16 in northern California when 24﹣year﹣old Erin Wilson headed
down a path toward the Trinity River before she found herself cornered by a mountain lion. "I was just
74walking down the slope with the dog running ahead of me.I turned around and there was this cat just
growling at me and it attacked me，" Wilson told NPR. "I screamed for Eva and she came running."
Mountain lion attacks on humans are incredibly rare.Since 1890，California has recorded only six
fatal mountain lion attacks because of the animal's generally shy，reclusive （独处的） nature.Their
preferred prey is deer，which are normally in abundance in their forested habitat，but recent drought
conditions have made food scarce in some areas.Wilson thought that these conditions made the sudden
appearance of a slim woman look like an attractive option.
To protect her human，Eva leapt between Wilson and the lion，tackling the wild cat and embarked
on a life﹣and﹣death struggle between the two animals.After a short fight，the mountain lion got its
jaws around Eva's head and Wilson fought to free her dog，hitting the lion with rocks in an attempt to
break its grip.Eventually，Wilson ran back to her truck and flagged down passing motorist Sharon
Houston fetching an iron bar from her truck.Wilson and Houston ran back down the trail and their
combined efforts managed to frighten the big cat off.
Wounded herself and shaken by the experience，Wilson still managed to carry Eva back to the
Animal Hospital.The 2﹣year﹣old dog didn't need surgery，but her wounds were still extensive.Eva left
the animal hospital on May 19 with surgical tape wrapped around both her front paws，and the
veterinarian said she might lose sight in her left eye.
（1）What made Erin Wilson the target of the mountain lion？ B
A．The abundant deer in their forested habitat.
B．The lack of prey due to extreme conditions.
C．The mountain lion's shy and reclusive nature.
D．The slim and attractive appearance of Wilson.
（2）What do the underlined words "embarked on" mean in paragraph 4？ D
A．Made up.
B．Went on.
C．Strove to.
D．Kicked off.
（3）How did Wilson drive the mountain lion off？ D
A．She freed a dog and threw rocks at it fiercely.
B．She stopped a passing driver and broke its grip.
C．She gathered local people and shouted loudly at it.
75D．She used a tool and scared it away with another driver.
（4）Which of the following can best describe Eva according to the passage？ A
A．Heroic and loyal.
B．Obedient but weak.
C．Friendly and dependable.
D．Determined and naughty.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只勇敢的狗Eva在山狮袭击主人时勇敢保护主人的故
事。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第三段 Their preferred prey is deer，which are normally in
abundance in their forested habitat，but recent drought conditions have made food scarce in some
areas.Wilson thought that these conditions made the sudden appearance of a slim woman look like an
attractive option.（它们最喜欢的猎物是鹿，通常在它们的森林栖息地有大量的鹿，但最近的干旱使一
些地区的食物短缺。Wilson认为，这些条件使得一个突然出现的苗条女人看起来是一个有吸引力的选
择。）可知，Erin Wilson认为自己成为山狮的目标是因为最近的干旱使当地鹿极度缺乏。故选B。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第四段 To protect her human，Eva leapt between Wilson and the lion，
tackling the wild cat and embarked on a life﹣and﹣death struggle between the two animals.（为了保
护她的人类，伊娃在威尔逊和狮子之间跳跃，抓住野猫，开始了这两只动物之间的生死搏斗。）可推
测，划线短语embarked on的意思是"开始"，A．Made up编造；B．Went on继续；C．Strove to努力；
D．Kicked off开始。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段 Eventually，Wilson ran back to her truck and flagged down
passing motorist Sharon Houston fetching an iron bar from her truck.Wilson and Houston ran back
down the trail and their combined efforts managed to frighten the big cat off.（最后，威尔逊跑回她
的卡车，示意路过的司机莎伦•休斯顿停下来，她从卡车上取了一根铁棒。威尔逊和休斯顿沿着小路跑
回去，他们的共同努力成功地把这只大猫吓跑了。）可知，Wilson用工具和另一个司机一起把山狮吓
跑了。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段 Wilson told NPR. "I screamed for Eva and she came
running."（Wilson告诉NPR。"我尖叫着喊Eva，她就跑过来了。"）以及文章第四段To protect her
human，Eva leapt between Wilson and the lion，tackling the wild cat and embarked on a life﹣and﹣
death struggle between the two animals.（为了保护她的主人，Eva跳到了Wilson和狮子之间，抓住了
76狮子，开始了两只动物之间的生死搏斗。）可知，Eva忠诚且英勇。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得
出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
19．（2024•怀仁市校级四模）Reshaping the world for a fossil fuel﹣free future means working
quickly.Climate scientists say carbon emissions must stop by 2025 to minimize environmental
damage.And by designing computational materials together with makers who can build and test them
quickly，scientists can rapidly develop technologies like more powerful solar cells and car batteries.
Michael is the name of a supercomputer devoted to just one task–discovering the ultimate battery
system.Researchers at University College London will use Michael to digitally build and test prototypes
（原型）in every new material and type of cell possible to improve battery life，performance and price.
Finding a resilient（弹性的）design for solid﹣state batteries would be a huge breakthrough for
electric vehicles and energy storage.Lighter，longer﹣lasting and cheaper solid﹣state technology could
vastly improve vehicle range and charging time.And the energy from solar and wind power could be
more efficiently stored until ready for use.
Scientists working in the US and the UK led the way in the 1970s in developing the lithium﹣ion
（锂离子）battery used in today's electric cars，laptops and cameras But commercial units were only
developed once the Japanese electronics giant pushed the technology forward for mass
production.Partnerships between companies and universities could ultimately crack solid﹣state battery
design.Oxford University and some companies are looking to win the international race to create a
durable product.But they are only one among many.
Replacing liquid used in lithium﹣ion batteries with a solid conductor may take large digital
processing.Electric vehicle makers are working with a computer giant to find successful designs that may
include cheap and plentiful materials found in seawater.An electric vehicle maker is partnering with
NASA to open a solid﹣state battery plant that uses no rare or expensive metals.The plan is to create a
large database of materials that can be mixed and matched for the best combinations.
But computational materials may be needed in virtually every industry.And by rapidly classifying
millions of substances on their ability to conduct electricity，their toughness，or the way they reflect
light，AI and supercomputers can speed up the process of creating materials for just about anything.
（1）What message does paragraph 1 convey？ C
A．It's too fast to design computational materials.
77B．It's too late to reshape the fossil fuel﹣free world.
C．Developing green energy can reduce carbon emissions.
D．Developing technology can speed up carbon emissions.
（2）What are solid﹣state batteries expected to be like？ C
A．Heavy and solid.
B．Light but breakable.
C．Less﹣costly and workable.
D．Expensive but efficient.
（3）Why does the author mention Oxford University in paragraph 4？ B
A．To show the weakness of mass production.
B．To show the good trend of the cooperation.
C．To show the difficulty of the battery design.
D．To show the development of British technology.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？ D
A．Michael Is Devoted to Storing Solar Energy.
B．Companies and NASA Will Push Technology Forward.
C．Electric Vehicle Makers Are Struggling to Solve Air Pollution.
D．Supercomputers and AI Can Create Future Low﹣carbon Industries.
【考点】说明文；科技．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】CCBD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利用超级计算机和人工智能设计新能源固态电池的美好前景。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段 Climate scientists say carbon emissions must stop by
2025 to minimize environmental damage.And by designing computational materials together with
makers who can build and test them quickly，scientists can rapidly develop technologies like more
powerful solar cells and car batteries. （气候科学家说，为了尽量减少对环境的破坏，必须在2025年
前停止碳排放。通过与能够快速制造和测试计算材料的制造商一起设计计算材料，科学家可以迅速开
发出更强大的太阳能电池和汽车电池等技术。）可知，科学家可以研发出更强大的太阳能电池和汽车
电池之类的技术以减少碳排放。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Lighter，longer﹣lasting and cheaper solid﹣state technology could
vastly improve vehicle range and charging time. （更轻、更持久、更便宜的固态技术可以极大地改善
汽车行驶里程和充电时间。）可知，该固态电池预计成本更低并且实用有效。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Partnerships between companies and universities could ultimately crack
78solid﹣state battery design.Oxford University and some companies are looking to win the international
race to create a durable product. （公司和大学之间的合作可能最终会破坏固态电池设计。牛津大学和
一些公司正在寻求赢得国际竞赛，以创造一个耐用的产品。但他们只是其中之一。）可知，作者提及
牛津大学是为了表明大学和公司合作破解固态电池设计难题成了一种良好的趋势。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Reshaping the world for a fossil fuel﹣free future means working
quickly. （重塑世界，实现无化石燃料的未来意味着要迅速行动。）本文介绍，实现无化石燃料，创
造低碳产业。以及文章最后一段 But computational materials may be needed in virtually every
industry.And by rapidly classifying millions of substances on their ability to conduct electricity，their
toughness，or the way they reflect light，AI and supercomputers can speed up the process of creating
materials for just about anything.（但几乎每个行业都需要计算材料。通过根据导电能力、韧性或反射
光的方式对数百万种物质进行快速分类，人工智能和超级计算机可以加快为几乎任何东西创造材料的
过程。）可知，说明人工智能和超级计算机可以创造未来的低碳产业。所以本文的标题可以为人工智
能和超级计算机可以创造未来的低碳产业。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
20．（2024•淅川县校级三模）
MiG Prize 2022
The Michel Gelrubin Architecture Prize is designed to bring out new talents by giving students an
opportunity for international recognition.Open internationally，the Prize is awarded annually to honor
students whose work demonstrates a combination of vision and talent in the art of architecture and
planning.
This Year's Challenge
This year's competition invites proposals for projects that integrate at least 3 different uses into a
building.The projects should include private and public spaces，and consider the urban context.
Timeline
Launch：August 1st，2022
Registration Deadline：September 15th，2022（registration is free）
Submission Deadline：November 19th，2022
Result Announcement：December 17th，2022
Prizes
First prize ＄5，000
Second prize ＄2，500
79Third Prize ＄1，500
The Jury（评委会）
The projects will be scored based on their originality ， design ， environmental effects ， and
presentation.
Participation
The competition is open to any student studying architecture during the academic year2022﹣
2023.Candidates can apply as individuals or as teams.
Materials
Electronic submission of the project files must include：
• Posters that integrate the documents explaining the project（plans，sections，elevations，photos，
renderings （透视图） ，illustrations，images，diagrams，and text）
A presentation of the project（max 15 slides）
A video file （max 3 min.） is optional but highly recommended.
All the documents must be written in English and sent in a PDF format（except the videos）.
For more information，see https：//migprize.com.
（1）What do we know about the competition？ D
A．It offers ＄1，500 for second prize.
B．It is open to all graduates in architecture.
C．It charges an all﹣time low registration fee this year.
D．It focuses on designing a mixed﹣use building this year.
（2）By which time should all the project files be handed in？ C
A．August 1st，2022.
B．September 15th，2022.
C．November 19th，2022.
D．December 17th，2022.
（3）Which of the following must be included in the submission？ A
A．Integrated posters in the English version.
B．A video file of no more than 3 minutes.
C．A presentation of no less than 15 slides.
D．Paper documents explaining the project.
【考点】应用文；文学与艺术．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
80【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是应用文。文章是2022年The Michel Gelrubin建筑奖的报名通知。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据 This Year's Challenge 的部分中的 This year's competition invites
proposals for projects that integrate at least 3 different uses into a building.（今年的竞赛邀请至少将
三种不同用途整合到建筑中的项目提案。）可知，该公司今年的重点是设计一座多功能建筑。故选
D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Timeline部分中的Submission Deadline：November 19th，2022（投稿截止日
期：2022年11月19日）可知，所有项目文件于2022年11月19日前提交。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Materials部分中的Posters that integrate the documents explaining the project
（plans，sections，elevations，photos，renderings （透视图） ，illustrations，images，diagrams，and
text）（整合了项目说明文件（平面图、剖面图、立面图、照片、效果图、插图、图像、图表和文本）
的海报）和All the documents must be written in English（所有文件必须用英文书写）可知，提交的
电子文件必须包括英文整合项目说明文件（包括平面图、剖面图、立面图、照片、透视图、插图、图
片图表和文本）的海报。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
21．（2024•贵溪市校级模拟） You are what you eat﹣and what you eat may be encoded in your
DNA．Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious
or disgusting.But exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to figure out. "Everything has a
genetic component.even if it's small， "says Joanne Cole，a geneticist at the University of Colorado
School of Medicine. "We know that there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we
eat Can we take the next step and actually locate the regions in the genome （基因）？"
New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer.Through a large﹣scale genomics analysis，her
team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food
preferences.The findings，which have not yet been peer﹣reviewed，were presented last month at the
American Society for Nutrition's annual conference.
The team based the new study on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues
that used data from the U.K.Biobank，a public database of the genetic and health information of 500，
000 participants.By scanning genomes，the new analysis was able to identify 194 regions associated with
dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit，cheese，fish，tea and alcohol Further
understanding how genetics impact how we eat could reveal differences in nutritional needs or disease
risks.
81"One of the problems with a lot of these genomics studies is that they're very small.They don't
have enough people to really be able to identify genes in ways that are credible.This study had a huge
group of people，so it's really powerful. " says Monica Dus，a geneticist at the University of Michigan.
"The other thing that I thought was really great is that there are so many different traits that they're
measuring related to diet including cholesterol （胆固醇）.the body and socioeconomic backgrounds. "
As the research advances.Dus says，such genome analysis could potentially assist health care providers
and even policymakers to address larger issues that affect food access and health.
It's definitely true that it may contribute to making sure there aren't food deserts﹣areas which have
limited access to fresh，healthy and affordable food﹣or to making sure that there's a higher minimum
wage so that everyone can afford to eat，although the journey ahead remains lengthy and challenging
（1）How did researchers conduct the present study？ C
A．By involving a substantial number of participants.
B．By directly analyzing the data from a public database.
C．By building on a previous study based on large﹣scale data.
D．By identifying genome regions associated with dietary patterns.
（2）Which statement will Monica Dus probably agree with？ D
A．Powerful participants were involved in the current study.
B．The methods employed for the previous studies were credible.
C．The genome analyses have helped address larger social issues.
D．Various features linked to diet were considered in the present study.
（3）What's the author's attitude towards the present study？ B
A．Critical.
B．Optimistic.
C．Skeptical.
D．Indifferent.
（4）What is the text mainly about？ D
A．The benefits of latest large﹣scale diet﹣related genome analyses.
B．The contribution of genes to diet patterns and food preferences.
C．The significance of a newly published diet﹣related genome discovery.
D．The introduction of a research on identifying diet﹣related genome regions.
【考点】说明文；健康．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
82【答案】CDBD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究基因与饮食习惯之间的联系，探讨了基因对个体饮食
选择和健康状况的影响。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第三段 The team based the new study on a 2020 Nature
Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U.K.Biobank，a public
database of the genetic and health information of 500，000 participants.By scanning genomes，the
new analysis was able to identify 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to
specific foods such as fruit，cheese，fish，tea and alcohol.（该团队的新研究基于Cole和她的同事在
2020年《自然通讯》上发表的一项研究，该研究使用了来自英国生物银行的数据，这是一个包含50
万参与者遗传和健康信息的公共数据库。通过扫描基因组，新的分析能够确定 194个与饮食模式相关
的区域，287个与水果、奶酪、鱼、茶和酒精等特定食物相关的区域。）可知该研究是建立在先前基
于大规模数据的研究基础上。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第四段 Monica Dus 所说的The other thing that I thought was really
great is that there are so many different traits that they're measuring related to diet including
cholesterol （胆固醇）.the body and socioeconomic backgrounds.（我认为另一件非常棒的事情是，他
们测量的许多不同的特征都与饮食有关，包括胆固醇。）可知，Monica Dus认为该研究考虑了很多与
饮食有关的特征。故选D。
（3）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段It's definitely true that it may contribute to making sure there
aren't food deserts﹣areas which have limited access to fresh，healthy and affordable food﹣or to
making sure that there's a higher minimum wage so that everyone can afford to eat，although the
journey ahead remains lengthy and challenging.（毫无疑问，这可能有助于确保没有食物沙漠——那些
无法获得新鲜、健康和负担得起的食物的地区——或者确保有更高的最低工资，这样每个人都能吃得
起，尽管未来的旅程仍然漫长而充满挑战。）作者对这项研究抱有乐观的态度。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章第二段 New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer.Through a
large﹣scale genomics analysis，her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked
to dietary patterns and food preferences.The findings，which have not yet been peer﹣reviewed，were
presented last month at the American Society for Nutrition's annual conference.（ Cole领导的一项新
研究离这个目标又近了一步。通过大规模的基因组分析，她的团队已经确定了 481个基因组区域，这
些区域与饮食模式和食物偏好直接相关。这些尚未经过同行评议的研究结果在上个月的美国营养学会
年会上发表。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究确定了 481个基因组区域与饮食模
式和食物偏好直接相关。故选D。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
83阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有
限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人
物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的
感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试
题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法
加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细
节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理
不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或
认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下
文等线索确定词义。
22．（2024•信都区校级模拟） Well，it isn't a long story，but I wonder if you will really
understand.
I used to be crazy about hunting.There's a thrill in hunting，an excitement that comes over you
when a deer crashes out of the bush.After hunting，you feel great to show off with the boys.
It was like that the last time I was in the woods.I went up into the hills alone，heading for a well
﹣used deer trail.Sure enough there were fresh tracks in the snow.Then I saw him.A deer，a big
beautiful deer!Surely I couldn't miss!I waited for him to realize I was there and run away.But he fooled
me completely.He came towards me!He was curious，I suppose，or maybe he was stupid—how else can
you explain it？
He must have known about men and guns.But he came closer，putting one foot before the other，
slowly and purposefully.His big eyes never moved from my face.Well，that deer walked right up to
me.Then he stopped and looked at me!
What happened next is hard to believe，but it's true.And it all seemed quite natural.Just as when a
friendly puppy comes near you，I reached up and scratched his head，right between the horns.And he
liked to be scratched.That big，wild，beautiful deer bent his head like a young horse.In fact，he
practically asked for more.I scratched his head and his nose poked at my shoulder.He didn't even
84tremble.Well，he finally went his way，down the hill and up the deer trail.Shoot him？Not me.You
wouldn't have either，not after that.I just watched him go.
There's very little more to tell.I picked up my thermos，and started walking back.I was about half
way back when I heard two shots，followed by a dull slam a few seconds later.Those two shoots
usually mean a kill.I had forgotten there were other hunters that day.
Those hunters would never know they could have scratched his head...
（1）Why did the author mention his craze for hunting？ C
A.To present a cause.
B.To illustrate an idea.
C.To make a contrast.
D.To explain a phenomenon.
（2）Why did the author change his mind and let the deer go？ C
A.The deer was stupid.
B.The author was not prepared.
C.Their interaction softened the author.
D.The deer fooled the author into doing that.
（3）What can be inferred from the text？ A
A.The deer was probably killed.
B.The deer was alert to human beings.
C.The author is an inexperienced hunter.
D.The author was happy that the deer ran away.
（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the text？ D
A.A Hunting in Late Fall.
B.A Lovely Deer.
C.The Cruel Killing.
D.The Last Hunting.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以前喜欢打猎，但最后一次打猎他遇到了一头单纯、
善良、愿意与人亲近的鹿，并与他之间有了温馨的、友好的互动，他不忍心伤害这只鹿，把他放走了
的一段故事。
85【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段I used to be crazy about hunting.（我以前很喜欢打猎）和第
五段Shoot him？Not me.You wouldn't have either，not after that.I just watched him go.（射杀他吗？
不是我。你也不会的，在那之后。我只是看着他离开）可知，作者以前喜欢打猎，可这一次他却放走
了这只鹿，可见作者提到他以前喜欢打猎，是为了和后来的转变作鲜明的对比。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段 Just as when a friendly puppy comes near you，I reached up and
scratched his head，right between the horns.And he liked to be scratched.That big，wild，beautiful
deer bent his head like a young horse.In fact，he practically asked for more.I scratched his head and
his nose poked at my shoulder.He didn't even tremble.（就像一只友好的小狗靠近你时，我伸手抓了
抓它的头，就在两角之间。他喜欢被抓。那只又大又野又漂亮的鹿像一匹小马似的低下了头，事实上，
他实际上要求更多，我抓着他的头，他的鼻子戳着我的肩膀，他甚至没有颤抖）和Shoot him？Not
me.You wouldn't have either，not after that.I just watched him go.（射杀他吗？不是我。你也不会的，
在那之后。我只是看着他离开）可知，作者和鹿之间的互动令作者心软了，于是放走了鹿。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第六段"hose two shoots usually mean a kill.I had forgotten there were other
hunters that day.（这两枪通常意味着一枪毙命，那天我忘了还有其他猎人）可知，那只鹿很可能被别
的猎人猎杀了。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段 Well，it isn't a long story，but I wonder if you will really
understand.（这说来话长，但我想知道你是否真的能理解）、第二段I used to be crazy about hunting.
（我以前很喜欢打猎）、第五段 I just watched him go.（我只是看着他离开）、最后一段 Those
hunters would never know they could have scratched his head...（那些猎人永远不会知道他们可以抓
他的头……）及全文内容可知，作者通过讲述他以前喜欢打猎，但这次小鹿对人类的不设防及主动亲
近，以及他们之间的温馨互动让他心软，不忍伤害小鹿，最终放走了他的故事，告诉了读者他放弃猎
杀小鹿的原因，所以这是作者"最后一次捕猎"，选项D.The Last Hunting"最后一次捕猎"是本文的最佳
标题。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
23．（2024•建平县校级模拟） "It's too sugary，I can't manage very many，" said a friend.She
wasn't talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries.I bit into another cherry and realized she
was right.The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre﹣sugared.
But the cherries of my childhood were much less sweet than today's cherries.Some of them were
hardly sweet at all，which made it all the more exciting when you happened upon a super sweet one.
Is modern fruit getting sweeter？The answer is yes.Some of the most powerful evidence comes from
zoos.In 2018，Melbourne Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because
86cultivated fruit was now so sweet that it was causing tooth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn't the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter；there's also climate change.It's found
that since the 1970s，with rising temperatures，Fuji apples have become significantly sweeter and softer.
But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems，especially for people with diabetes，
who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher ﹣ sugar fruits such as pineapple.Fruit that is
bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals （植物化学成分） that make it so healthy.
Health aside，maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it has become yet another sweet
thing in a world filled with sugar.Even grapefruit，which used to be quite bitter，is sometimes now as
sweet as oranges.If you've never tasted a sour cherry，how can you fully appreciate a sweet one？
Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.
（1）Why does the author mention her friend's words in Paragraph 1？ A
A．To introduce the topic of the extreme sweetness of modern cherries.
B．To highlight the content of friend's preference for sour cherries.
C．To emphasize the importance of pre﹣sugaring fruits.
D．To show the breeding and selection of modern fruit.
（2）What's the author' view on the rise of consistently sweeter fruit？ C
A．The author believes it has no impact on health.
B．The author sees it as a triumph of plant breeding.
C．The author thinks it is a bit worrying in today's world.
D．The author is concerned that it will lead to bitterness in fruit.
（3）What is a shortcoming of the modern fruit according to the passage？ C
A．It is short of healthy phytochemicals.
B．It may not be as tasty as it used to be.
C．It could lack variety and contrast in taste.
D．It doesn't meet people's need for sweetness.
（4）What might the author continue talking about？ A
A．The advice on selecting modern fruit.
B．The approaches to freeing bitter fruit.
C．The comments about cultivated grapefruit.
D．The research into the health of zoo animals.
【考点】议论文；健康．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
87【答案】ACCA
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。旨在探讨现代水果甜度增加的问题，并分析其原因和影响。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段"It's too sugary，I can't manage very many，" said a
friend.She wasn't talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries.I bit into another cherry and
realized she was right.The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre﹣sugared.（"太甜了，
我吃不太多，"一个朋友说。她说的不是甜点，而是一些新鲜樱桃。我又咬了一口樱桃，意识到她是对
的。这水果太甜了，好像事先加了糖似的）可知，作者在第一段提到她朋友的话是为了引出现代樱桃
的极致甜味。故选A项。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems，
especially for people with diabetes，who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher ﹣
sugar fruits such as pineapple.Fruit that is bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals
（植物化学成分） that make it so healthy.（但是现代水果的甜味也不是没有问题，特别是对糖尿病
患者来说，他们必须小心地减少摄入高糖水果，如菠萝。被培育得更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物
化学物质，而正是这些化学物质使它们如此健康）可知作者认为这在当今世界有点令人担忧。故选 C
项。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Health aside，maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it
has become yet another sweet thing in a world filled with sugar.Even grapefruit，which used to be
quite bitter，is sometimes now as sweet as oranges.If you've never tasted a sour cherry，how can
you fully appreciate a sweet one？Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the
various tastes of modern fruit.（抛开健康不谈，也许现代水果的真正问题在于，它已经成为一个充满
糖的世界里的又一种甜食。就连过去很苦的葡萄柚，现在有时也像橙子一样甜。如果你从来没有尝过
酸樱桃，你怎么能完全喜欢甜樱桃呢？专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法）可知，
根据文章，现代水果的缺点是可能缺乏口味的多样性和对比。故选C项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段 Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the
various tastes of modern fruit.（专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法）可知，接下
来，作者应是提出专家们对选择现代水果的建议。故选A项。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有
限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人
物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的
88感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试
题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法
加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细
节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理
不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或
认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下
文等线索确定词义。
24．（2024•广西模拟） Perhaps you know northern Americans still maintain the habit of celebrating
Groundhog Day when a large groundhog （土拨鼠） checks to see its shadow on February 2 and
helps to predict when winter will end.But have you ever heard about how a mountain town in North
Carolina uses a caterpillar （毛毛虫） known as the Woolly Worm to make similar predictions？
According to the folklore （民间传说），the amount of black on the woolly worm in autumn
predicts the severity of the upcoming winter.The longer the woolly worm's black bands （带） are，the
longer，colder，snowier，and more severe the winter will be.Similarly，a wider middle brown band is a
sign of a milder upcoming winter.The position of the longest dark bands supposedly indicates which part
of winter will be coldest or hardest.If the head end of the caterpillar is dark，the beginning of winter
will be severe.If the tail end is dark，the end of winter will be cold.In addition，the caterpillar has 13
segments （昆虫的节/段） to its body，which traditional forecasters say correspond to the 13 weeks of
winter.
Scientific studies on worm forecasting are rare.American Museum of Natural History entomologist
Howard Curran conducted a small trial in 1948.Having heard about the caterpillar folklore，Curran
headed to Bear Mountain State Park to collect caterpillars each fall for eight years.He found that if the
worms had brown markings on more than a third of their body，winters tended to be milder.
Most scientists view the folklore of caterpillar predictions as just that，folklore. "It's a wonderful
story，but I do think it was a playful trial，" says Joe Boggs，an entomologist at Ohio State University
Extension who has studied woolly worms. "Curran was a real scientist.He had tons of papers
published，but he never published this one — probably because he knew it wouldn't stand up to peer
review."
89Mike Peters，an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts，doesn't disagree，but he says
there could be a link between the band of a caterpillar and the severity of winter.Peters suggests that
the timing of their growth and environmental conditions，such as temperature，moisture levels，and food
sources，can impact the appearance of woolly worms，including their size，coloration，and band
patterns.By analyzing these characteristics，researchers can potentially infer information about the weather
conditions. "The band does say something about a heavy winter，" he says. "The only thing is that it's
telling you about the previous year."
（1）How do people predict the weather through caterpillars？ D
A．By analyzing their living habits.
B．By measuring the change of their size.
C．By calculating the number of their segments.
D．By studying color bands on their bodies.
（2）What is Howard Curran's finding based on？ A
A．His personal observations.
B．An investigation on the locals.
C．Studies by previous scientists.
D．Statistics collected by the museum.
（3）What is Joe Boggs's attitude towards the folklore？ C
A．Positive.
B．Indifferent.
C．Doubtful.
D．Unclear.
（4）Which statement might Mike Peters agree with？ B
A．The caterpillar forecasting needs long﹣term data to support it.
B．The color band of caterpillars can be a mirror of past weather.
C．The cold environment has a great impact on caterpillars' growth.
D．The caterpillar can help predict the severity of winter accurately.
【考点】说明文；传统习俗与文化．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】DACB
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了用毛毛虫预测冬天的民间传说。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中The longer the woolly worm's black bands （带） are，
90the longer，colder，snowier，and more severe the winter will be.Similarly，a wider middle brown
band is a sign of a milder upcoming winter.（毛茸茸的蠕虫的黑色带越长，冬天就越长、越冷、越多
雪，也就越严酷。同样，更宽的中间棕色带是即将到来的温和冬天的标志）可知，人们通过研究毛毛
虫身体上的色带来预测天气。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Having heard about the caterpillar folklore，Curran headed to Bear
Mountain State Park to collect caterpillars each fall for eight years.He found that if the worms had
brown markings on more than a third of their body，winters tended to be milder.（听说了毛毛虫的
民间传说后，Curran每年秋天都前往Bear Mountain州立公园收集毛毛虫，持续了八年。他发现，如
果这些蠕虫身上有超过三分之一的褐色斑纹，冬天就会比较温和）可知，Howard Curran的发现是基
于他自己的观察，故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第四段中Curran was a real scientist.He had tons of papers published，but he
never published this one — probably because he knew it wouldn't stand up to peer review.（Curran
是一位真正的科学家。他发表了大量的论文，但他从未发表过这篇——可能是因为他知道这篇论文经
不起同行评议）可知Joe Boggs对于这个民间传说持怀疑态度A．Positive积极的；B．Indifferent不在
乎的；C．Doubtful怀疑的；D．Unclear不清楚的。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中"The band does say something about a heavy winter，" he says.
"The only thing is that it's telling you about the previous year."（"乐队确实提到了一个寒冷的冬
天，"他说。"唯一的问题是它告诉你上一年的情况。"）可知，Mike Peters同意毛虫的色带可以反映过
去的天气。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有
限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人
物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的
感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试
题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法
加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细
节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理
不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
91四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或
认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下
文等线索确定词义。
25．（2024•雨花区校级一模） 3 M and Discovery Education announced Sean Jiang from Gilman
School as one of the top ten finalists from across the nation for the 2023 3 M Young Scientist
Challenge.It's a competition that encourages students to identify an everyday problem and submit a
video showing the science behind the solution he or she came up with.
14﹣year﹣old Jiang decided to help those who can't see.Blind people had a hard time navigating
（导航） objects that are medium to far range.So Jiang wanted to design something to give them a
heads﹣up on obstacles （障碍） that may be incoming.
Jiang's inspiration came from the powers of the hearing system. "I learned in school that bats and
whales are able to use echolocation （回声定位） to help them navigate and just use their sense of
hearing and I also saw on YouTube some very skilled blind people that use echolocation to help them
walk，" said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creation uses a depth
camera that can detect how close objects are，thus giving enough time to dodge the obstacles.When a
blind is walking with the device，the sensor of the depth camera gathers the information regarding the
obstacles' position and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data into musical sound
guidance.This could significantly increase the walking speed of a blind person as well as decrease the
number of obstacles they hit.
Some other similar programs were alright at finding objects that were in close range，but Jiang still
wanted the blind to experience the world even fuller so they were able to see stuff that was much
further away than their circle of reach.
In October，the top ten finalists will compete in person in Minneapolis for the title of "America's
Top Young Scientist" and a ＄25，000 prize.
（1）What can we learn about Jiang from the first two paragraphs？ C
A．He was the champion of the 2023 3 M event.
B．He invented technology to remove road obstacles.
C．He sought to assist the blind in walking smoothly.
D．He developed a new navigation app for his school.
92（2）Why did Jiang mention "echolocation"？ D
A．To show the development of technology.
B．To present the difficulties the blind face.
C．To stress the significance of hearing.
D．To explain the inspiration of his invention.
（3）What does the underlined word "dodge" mean in paragraph 4？ A
A．Avoid.
B．Encounter.
C．Challenge.
D．Remove.
（4）What is the text mainly about？ B
A．3 M facilities intended for the blind.
B．A teen using sound to help the blind.
C．An invention to cure vision problems.
D．A competition to improve the blind's life.
【考点】新闻报道；创新与创业．
菁优网版权所有
【专题】阅读理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造，他发明的设备能用
声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段 14﹣year﹣old Jiang decided to help those who can't
see.Blind people had a hard time navigating（导航） objects that are medium to far range.So Jiang
wanted to design something to give them a heads﹣up on obstacles（障碍） that may be incoming.
（14岁的Jiang决定帮助那些看不见的人。盲人很难在中远距离的物体上导航。因此，Jiang想设计一
些东西，让他们对可能到来的障碍有所预警。）可知，Jiang设法帮助盲人顺利行走。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中 Jiang's inspiration came from the powers of the hearing system.
（Jiang的灵感来自于听觉系统的力量。）以及Jiang所说I learned in school that bats and whales are
able to use echolocation （回声定位） to help them navigate and just use their sense of hearing and
I also saw on YouTube some very skilled blind people that use echolocation to help them walk.（ 我
在学校里学过蝙蝠和鲸鱼能够利用回声定位来帮助它们导航，而且我还在 YouTube上看到一些非常熟
练的盲人利用回声定位来帮助他们走路。）可知，Jiang提到"回声定位"是为了解释他的发明灵感。故
选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据第四段 His creation uses a depth camera that can detect how close objects
93are，thus giving enough time to dodge the obstacles.When a blind is walking with the device，the
sensor of the depth camera gathers the information regarding the obstacles' position and distance.（他
的作品使用了一个深度相机，可以检测物体的距离，从而有足够的时间躲避障碍物。当盲人使用该设
备行走时，深度相机的传感器会收集有关障碍物位置和距离的信息。）故划线词汇意思是"避开"。A．
Avoid避开；B．Encounter偶遇；C．Challenge挑战；D．Remove消除。故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中4﹣year﹣old Jiang decided to help those who can't see.
（14岁的Jiang决定帮助那些看不见的人。）以及第三段中 Jiang's inspiration came from the powers
of the hearing system. （Jiang的灵感来自于听觉系统的力量。）可知，本文主要介绍了一个青少年
Sean Jiang的发明创造，他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相
关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得
出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
94考点卡片
1．日常生活
【考点介绍】
日常生活类文章在英语考试中通常以阅读理解的形式出现，主要考查学生的词汇量、阅读理解能力、文
化背景知识和生活常识。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容。注意文章中的生词和短语，以及段落的结构和逻辑关系。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文章中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的时间、地点、人
物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
2．健康
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会提供一些关于健康的研究报道或健康知识的文章，例如介绍新型疫苗、饮食习惯与健康
关系等，学生需要理解文章中的信息，并能够根据这些信息回答问题。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容。注意文章中的生词和短语，以及段落的结构和逻辑关系。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文章中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的时间、地点、人
物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
4.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
3．自我认识
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会提供一些关于自我认知、自我发展的文本，例如自传、散文或论著，学生需要理解文本
中的信息，并能够根据这些信息回答问题。
【解题思路】
1.快速阅读：了解文章的大致内容，特别注意文章的开头和结尾部分，这些部分通常会提供关键信息。
2.细节阅读：仔细阅读题目，带着问题回到文本中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文本中的时间、地点、人
物、事件等关键信息。
3.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
954.逻辑推理：根据文本中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
5.批判性思维：在分析问题和论述时，要运用批判性思维。要有理有据地分析问题，不轻信作者的观点，
同时也要考虑其他可能的观点和因素。
6.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。
4．创新与创业
【考点介绍】
这类文章通常会涉及到一些经济、管理、科技等领域的背景知识和相关案例，并要求考生具备一定的阅
读理解能力、词汇量、语法知识和分析能力。
【解题思路】
1.细节阅读：带着问题回到文本中，找到相关的细节信息。注意文章中的事实、数据和关键细节。
2.语境理解：对于一些不熟悉的词汇或表达，可以通过上下文推断其含义。
3.逻辑推理：根据文章中的信息进行推理，注意避免过度推理和主观臆断。
4.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。如果对某个答案有疑问，可
以重新阅读相关段落，再次进行推理和分析。
5．公益事业与志愿服务
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"公益事业与志愿服务"类语篇主要涉及公益事业和志愿服务的相关话题，包括社会公益活
动、志愿者服务、慈善捐赠、社区发展等。这类语篇考查学生对相关知识的了解和运用能力。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题。
2.寻找关键信息：包括相关的活动、服务、捐赠、社区发展等。
分析作者观点。
3.推敲细节。
4.检查答案：完成所有的题目后，再次检查答案，确保没有遗漏或误解题意。如果对某个答案有疑问，可
以重新阅读相关段落，再次进行推理和分析。
6．文学与艺术
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"文学与艺术"类语篇主要涉及文学、艺术和审美等方面的内容。这类语篇通常会以论述题、
简答题、阅读理解题等形式出现，考查学生对文学和艺术基本概念、流派、作品以及艺术家的了解情况。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时应该抓住主题和重点，理解文章的核心观点和作者的思想感情。针对题目中的细节信
息和文中的关键点，进行准确的分析和判断，掌握文章的主要内容和作者的意图。
2.论述题：对于论述题，首先应该明确题目要求，把握好论述的主题和方向。考生需要调动自己的知识储
96备，根据题目要求进行系统的论述。要注意逻辑性和连贯性，论点要明确，论据要充分，结论要合理。
3.简答题：对于简答题，应该简洁明了地回答问题。考生需要在短时间内用英语进行表达，因此答案要直
接切题，明确要点，语言要简练。
4.语法选择：这类题目主要考查考生对语法规则和句型结构的掌握程度。考生需要熟练掌握英语语法，了
解句子结构和常用的句型。在做题时要注意上下文的语境和逻辑关系，选择正确的语法形式。
5.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个文学或艺术话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解不同文学流派和艺术风
格的特点和背景，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的
修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
7．传统习俗与文化
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"传统习俗与文化"类语篇主要涉及不同国家和地区的文化传统和习俗。这类语篇通常会以
介绍、叙述、论述等形式出现，考查学生对文化传统和习俗的了解和表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到特定的文化传统和习俗。考生需要
理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及文化传统和习俗的特定词汇
和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个文化传统或习俗写一篇文章。考生需要了解不同国家和地区的文化
传统和习俗，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞
手法增强文章的表现力。
8．国际组织与社会公益机构
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"国际组织与社会公益机构"类语篇主要涉及国际组织、联合国、世界银行、国际红十字会
等全球性组织以及社会公益机构的相关信息。这类语篇通常会以介绍、论述、新闻报道等形式出现，考
查学生对国际事务和社会问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个国际组织或社会公益机构的职
能、活动和国际合作。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于
涉及国际组织和社会公益机构的相关词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
973.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个国际组织或社会公益机构写一篇文章。考生需要了解该组织的性质、
职能和活动，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞
手法增强文章的表现力。
9．社会
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"社会"类文章主要涉及社会现象、社会问题、社会政策等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、
短文阅读、新闻报道等形式出现，考查学生对社会问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个社会现象或政策的解析和评价。
考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及社会的专业词汇和
表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个社会问题或现象写一篇文章。考生需要了解社会现象和社会政策的
形成原因、影响等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当
的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
10．科技
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"科技"类文章主要涉及科学技术的发展、应用和影响等方面。这类文章通常会以论述题、
短文阅读、科技报道等形式出现，考查学生对科技知识的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个科技概念或技术的阐述和解释。
考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及科技的专业词汇和
表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个科技话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解最新的科技动态、发展趋势和
应用领域，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手
法增强文章的表现力。
11．科普知识
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"科普知识"类文章主要涉及科学领域中的各种知识。这类文章通常会以论述题、短文阅读、
98科普报告等形式出现，考查学生对科普知识的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个科学现象或理论的解释和阐述。
考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及科普知识的专业词
汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个科普话题写一篇文章。考生需要了解科普知识中的基本概念、原理
及其应用，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适当的修辞手
法增强文章的表现力。
12．旅游观光
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"旅游观光"类文章主要涉及旅游景点、旅游文化、旅游体验等方面。这类文章通常会以论
述题、短文阅读、旅游报告等形式出现，考查学生对旅游文化的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个旅游景点或旅游文化的理解和
分析。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及旅游的专业
词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个旅游景点或旅游文化写一篇文章。考生需要了解著名景点的历史背
景、文化内涵和旅游体验等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时
运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
13．自然科学研究成果
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"自然科学研究成果"类文章主要涉及自然科学领域的研究项目、研究方法和研究成果等方
面。这类文章通常会以论述题、科技论文摘要、研究报告等形式出现，考查学生对自然科学研究成果的
理解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个自然科学研究成果的阐述和解
释。考生需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及自然科学的专
业词汇和表达方式，需要特别留意。
992.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个自然科学研究成果写一篇文章。考生需要了解最新的自然科学研究
成果、研究方法和应用前景等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同
时运用适当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
14．环境保护
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"环境保护"类文章主要涉及环境问题、环境保护措施和环保意识等方面。这类文章通常会
以论述题、短文阅读、环保报告等形式出现，考查学生对环境保护问题的了解和语言表达能力。
【解题思路】
1.阅读理解：阅读时，要抓住主题或关键信息，这类题目通常会涉及到某个环境问题的描述和解释。考生
需要理解文章的整体结构和作者的意图，注意细节信息的提取和整合。对于涉及环境保护的专业词汇和
表达方式，需要特别留意。
2.完形填空：注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系，根据题目所给的上下文信息，确定正确的选项。考生在
做题时需要注意全文的语境和上下文的联系，尤其是题目中的空格与上下文之间的关联。
3.写作：这类题目可能要求考生就某个环境保护问题写一篇文章。考生需要了解当前的环境问题、环境保
护的重要性和措施等，掌握相关的术语和表达方式。写作时要注重文章的逻辑性和连贯性，同时运用适
当的修辞手法增强文章的表现力。
15．记叙文
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"记叙文"类文章主要涉及个人或他人的经历、事件、情感等方面，通常以第一人称或第三
人称的角度进行叙述。这类文章可能包括故事、回忆录、游记、传记等不同形式，考查学生对语言表达
和情感态度的理解能力。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息：阅读时要注意文章中的时间、地点、人物和事件等关键信息，并理解作者的情感
态度和主题。
2.理解文章结构：记叙文通常有时间顺序、因果关系等结构特点，注意把握文章中的转折、承接等逻辑关
系。
3.注意细节：阅读时要注重细节描写，这些细节可能直接或间接地反映出作者的情感和态度，也可能构成
文章的线索。
4.完形填空：在完形填空题中，要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意人物性格和情感的变化
以及情节的推进。
1005.写作：如果要求写作记叙文，要明确人称和时态，注意事件的起承转合和人物性格的刻画。同时，运用
适当的修辞手法可以增强文章的表现力。
16．议论文
【考点介绍】
在英语考试中，"议论文"类文章主要涉及某个观点、论点、政策或现象的讨论和论证，通常包括引言、论
点、论据和结论等部分。这类文章通常以第三人称的角度进行论述，要求考生对特定观点进行分析、评
价和判断。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和论点：理解作者的观点和立场。注意文章中的主题句和关键信息，这些通常出现在文章的开
头或结尾。
2.分析论点和论据：论点是文章的核心观点，论据则是支持论点的证据和理由。注意分辨论点和论据的逻
辑关系，判断论据是否充分、合理。
3.评估论证过程：注意论点和论据之间的关联是否合理、逻辑是否严密。检查论据是否真实、可靠，论证
过程是否存在漏洞或偏见。
4.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意论点和论据之间的关联以及论证过程的逻
辑关系。
5.写作：要明确论点和论据，合理安排论述结构。考生需要在论证过程中使用适当的逻辑推理和证据支持
自己的观点，同时注意文章的连贯性和表达方式。
17．说明文
【考点介绍】
在英语中，"说明文"类文章通常涉及对某个特定主题或观点的详细阐述。这类文章通常具有明确的目的，
旨在解释某个概念、过程或观点，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握。与议论文不同的是，说明文不涉及个人
观点和立场，而是侧重于客观地阐述事实和信息。
【解题思路】
1.理解主题和目的：注意文章的标题和开头段落，这可以帮助你快速了解文章的主题和作者要阐述的内容。
2.抓住主要特点：例如事物或现象的主要特点、工作原理或操作步骤等。
3.分析文章结构：通常来说，说明文会按照以下结构展开：引言（Introduction）、主体（Body）和结论
（Conclusion）。
4.细节阅读：注意文章中使用的实例、数据和插图等辅助材料。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要
结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要明确主题和目的，安排好文章结构。在写作过程中，使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和解释，
同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用实例、数据和图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
10118．应用文
【考点介绍】
英语中的"应用文"类语篇通常包括书信、电子邮件、备忘录、报告、申请书、新闻报道等，这些语篇通常
遵循一定的格式和惯例，主要目的是为了传达信息、提出建议或请求、提供服务等。与说明文不同的是
应用文更加注重读者需求和目的，强调信息的准确性和实用性。应用文类语篇的考点主要涉及写作目的
和格式的掌握，语言表达能力和语法的准确性，以及提供充分的证据来支持所述内容等方面。包含以下
内容：
1.书信：书信通常包括信头、日期、收件人地址、称呼、信文、结束语和签名等部分。考点通常涉及信文
的写作目的、信件格式、礼貌用语、语言表达能力和语法。
2.电子邮件：电子邮件通常包括主题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及电子
邮件的写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，电子邮件通常使用简洁明了的语言，避免使用过
于复杂或正式的语言。
3.备忘录：备忘录通常包括标题、收件人地址、称呼、正文、结尾和签名等部分。考点通常涉及备忘录的
写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。备忘录通常使用简洁明了的语言，避免使用过于复杂或正式的
语言。
4.报告：报告通常包括标题、摘要、正文和结论等部分。考点通常涉及报告的写作目的、格式、语言表达
能力和语法。此外，报告中通常需要使用数据和事实支持结论，并使用合适的图表和图片来清晰地呈现
信息。
5.申请书：申请书通常包括标题、个人资料、申请理由、证明文件和签名等部分。考点通常涉及申请书的
写作目的、格式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，申请书中需要提供充分的申请理由，并使用合适的证明
文件来支持申请。
6.新闻报道：新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。考点通常涉及新闻报道的写作目的、格
式、语言表达能力和语法。此外，新闻报道中需要提供准确的信息来源和事实，避免使用主观语言和情
绪化表达。
【解题思路】
1.明确目的和读者：注意文章的标题、开头和结尾，这可以帮助你了解作者要传达的信息和读者需要知道
的内容。
2.抓住关键信息：例如时间、地点、人物、事件、数据等。这些信息是构成文章主体的核心内容。
3.分析文章结构：通常来说，应用文会按照以下结构展开：引言（Introduction）、主体（Body）和结论
（Conclusion）。
4.注意语言表达：应用文的用词和语气通常比较正式和客观。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要
102结合文章的目的和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要明确目的和读者对象，安排好文章结构。在写作过程中，使用适当的语言表达自己的观点和信
息，同时要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性。可以使用表格、图表等辅助材料来支持你的观点。
19．新闻报道
【考点介绍】
在英语中，"新闻报道"类文章通常涉及对当前事件、活动或热点话题的报道。这类文章通常由新闻记者撰
写，以客观、准确、及时的方式向读者传递信息。新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分，
其中标题通常概括了文章的主题或事件，导语则提供了文章的主要信息。
【解题思路】
1.抓住主题和关键信息：注意阅读标题和导语，这可以帮助你快速了解文章所报道的事件或话题。
2.了解新闻结构：新闻报道通常包括标题、导语、主体和结尾等部分。在阅读时，要了解每个部分的作用
和内容。
3.细节阅读：注意阅读主体部分中的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等细节信息。
4.辨析事实与观点：要注意区分事实和观点，避免将自己的观点与作者的观点混淆。
5.完形填空：要根据上下文语境和语法知识选择正确选项。注意选项之间的逻辑关系和语法搭配，同时要
结合文章的主题和内容进行推理。
6.写作：要注意遵循新闻报道的结构和规范。在写作过程中，使用客观、准确的语言报道事实，避免使用
主观性强的词汇和表达方式。同时，要确保文章的内容真实可靠，并遵循新闻伦理和职业道德。
20．细节理解
【考点介绍】
英语阅读中的"细节理解"考点主要考察考生对文章中特定细节的理解和把握能力。这类考点通常会以各种
形式出现，例如直接细节题、间接细节题、细节转换题等。这类题目通常会涉及到文章中的一些具体事
实、细节，如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等。
【解题思路】
1.抓住关键词：首先，考生需要先明确题目中询问的具体内容，一般来说，题目中的"细节"一词通常会与
时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等关键词一起出现。
2.精准定位：在找到关键词后，考生需要快速浏览文章，找到与题目中询问的内容相关的段落。注意，题
目中的细节可能会出现在不同的段落中，因此考生需要仔细阅读每个段落，尤其是包含关键词的句子及
其周围的句子。
3.理解细节内容：在找到相关段落后，考生需要仔细阅读该段落的每一句话，理解其具体含义。对于其中
的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等细节信息，考生需要特别注意。同时，考生还需要注意段落中的逻
辑关系，这有助于理解细节信息的真正含义。
4.对比选项：一般来说，正确答案会在原文中直接给出或者根据原文中的细节信息进行推理得到。考生要
103注意选项中的细节是否与原文一致，尤其要注意那些在原文中被特别强调的信息。
5.排除干扰项：有些选项可能会给出与原文相似但不完全一致的信息，或者给出一些原文中没有提到的信
息。考生要学会识别这些干扰项，从而排除它们，找到正确答案。
21．推理判断
【考点介绍】
推理判断题是英语阅读中的高级题型，它要求考生在理解文章的基础上，根据文章中的线索和提示，推
断出作者未明确表述的观点或态度。推理判断题不仅要求考生对文章有深入的理解，还要求考生具备分
析、推理和判断的能力。推理判断题通常会以两种形式出现：直接推理题和间接推理题。
【解题思路】
1.理解全文：首先，考生需要理解全文的大意和结构，了解作者的观点和态度。要特别注意那些表明作者
观点或态度的关键词和语句，如形容词、副词、动词等。
2.抓住细节：要特别注意那些与文章主题相关的细节，如数据、事实、例子等。
3.分析推理：需要根据文章中的线索和提示，运用逻辑推理和分析判断的能力，推断出作者未明确表述的
观点或态度。
4.比对选项：注意选项中是否与文章内容相符、是否符合逻辑、是否忠于原文。
5.排除干扰项：有些选项可能会偏离文章的主题或作者的意图，或者包含错误的信息，考生要学会排除这
些干扰项，找到最符合文章内容和作者意图的选项。
声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2024/11/5 15:32:49；用户：组卷59；邮箱：zyb059@xyh.com；学号：41419022
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