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高考英语情态动词考题点拨及精练
一、充分利用句子语境
综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的
运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。如：
(1) Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
分析：答案选C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会
与我们去旅行”。
(2) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It _________ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
分析：答案选D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能
性。
(3) —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t
(4) He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析：答案选A。could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但
他买了票”。
(5) —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She _________. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
分析：答案选C。既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
二、根据时间确定时态
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词
后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的
情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式。如：
(1) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析：答案选B。句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中
的 have cleaned可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况,故选 needn’t have done。
(2) This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
分析：答案选D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用
“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
(3) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— Oh, dear! She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
分析：答案选D。由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在
非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
三、注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些
特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。如：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析：答案选 D。在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一
种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”
的用法。
情态动词考题精编精析
1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.”
A. should ask B. should have asked
C. must ask D. must have asked
2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____my aunt Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. don’t
5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____.
A. may B. can
C. must D. will
6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
A. needn’t B. mightn’t
C. mustn’t D. won’t
7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.
A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told
C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told
8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.
A. must go B. must have gone
C. might go D. might be going
9. Are you still here? You ______ home hours ago.
A. should go B. should have gone
C. might go D. may have gone
10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.
A. may B. can
C. would D. should
13. “Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now
because none of the shops are open.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. shouldn’t
14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. may not D. needn’t
15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t D. couldn’t
17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”
A. should be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me.
A. could help B. should help
C. could have helped D. must have helped
20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”
A. can ask, will waste
B. must have asked, had wasted
C. could have asked, was wasted
D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted
21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _______be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
A. must B. might
C. would D. can
22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”
A. might fall out B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”
A. must; could B. may; might
C. need; must D. could; need
25. “Did Jim come?” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”
A. might have come B. might come
C. mush have come D. should have come
【答案与解析】
1. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。
2. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B。注：can 表
示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
3. 选B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，
则可用 may [might] + 动词完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。
4. 选C。由句意可知。
5. 选B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。
6. 选C，mustn’t 在此相当于 can’t，且语气更强。
7. 选B，“needn’t + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉
他这个消息的，因为他(当时)已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。
8. 选B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。
9. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。
10. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B。注：can
表示推测通常不用于肯定句。
12. 选A。may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。
13. 选C。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 意为“不能”。
14. 选B。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 表推测，意为“不不能” 。
15. 选D。couldn’t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。17. 选A。根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D。再根据语意，排除
C。
18. 选D。从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除A和C。从语境上看，既然
上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D。
19. 选C。根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C。根据语境排除D。
20. 选C。couldn’t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was
wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。
21. 选B。根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选
might。若选A，语气太强，不合语境；若选D，不合语法习惯，因为can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。
22. 选D。既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去，故排除A和B。比较选项C和
D所表示的意思，选D更恰当。
24. 选A。根据 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空应填must。第二空填的could表示推测，虽为过去式形式，但表
示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。
25. 选A。根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去，故排除B；根据 I don’t know 可知选项
C语气太肯定，不合适；选项D的意思是“本来应该来”，与语境不合。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. --- Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
--- Oh, he ______ have been a very smart boy then. (NMET 2004 IV)
A. could B. should C. might D. must
2. “The interest ______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both
sides,”declared the judge. (NMET 2004重庆)
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
3. --- I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--- You ______ her last week. (NMET 2004 福建)
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
4. --- Excuse me, is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
--- Sorry, I am not sure. But it ______ be. (NMET 2004湖北)
A. might B. will C. must D. can
5. I ______ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (NMET
2004 浙江)
A. should B. might C. would D. could
6. --- I don’t mind telling you what I know.
--- You ______. I’m not asking you for it. (NMET 2004江苏)
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
7. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ______ report it to the police?
(NMET 2004 III)
A. should B. may C. will D. can
8. Mr White____at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (NMET 2004 III)
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
9. --- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?--- No, it ______ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (NMET 2004 I)
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
10. You _____be tired --- you’ve only been working for an hour. (NMET 2004 II)
A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not
11. Children under 12 years of age in that country _____ be under adult supervision when in a
public library. (NMET 2004上海)
A. must B. may C. can D. need
12. --- Who is the girl standing over there?
--- Well, if you ______ know, her name is Mabel. (NMET 2004天津)
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
13. --- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--- You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it.(NMET 2004湖南)
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
14. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _____ not like the
design of the furniture. (2004上海 春)
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
15. --- Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8’clock. ______ I go out and play with Tom
for a while?
--- No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. (NMET 2004辽宁)
A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May not D. Won’t
Key:
1. D。must在此表示非常肯定的推测。
2. D。shall用在此表示按法律、条约、规章等必须履行的义务。
3. D。should have done表示“过去该做的事情而没有做”。这是对对方的一种责备。
4. A。表示可能性时，选项might表示把握很小的可能；will表示根据平常情况的推测；must表示有很大把握
的推测；can表示理论上的可能。根据前面一句I am not sure可知，答案选A。
5. A。根据语境，表示“我”应该去拜访Tracy。
6. D。从下文I’m not asking you for it可知：你没有必要告诉我。
7. A。should 意为“应该”。may, can表示许可或可能;will 表示意愿。由Do you think...可知说话者在 征求
别人的意见，即他是否应该把那件事报告给警察。很明显，B、C、D都不合题意。
8. A。从didn’t可知此题指的是过去，故答案选A。should do表示现在或将来应该怎么样。
9. A。can’t 表示不可能，故选A。must not表示禁止；won’t表示不愿或不会；may not表示可能不。
10. C。
11. A。这是一种要求或命令，must正合题意。
12. C。答语的意思是：“如果你一定要知道的话，（我就告诉你吧）她叫Mabel。” 故答案选C。13. A。在否定的陈述句中， shall用于二、三人称表示说话人的意愿。
14. C。 由语境“你最好告诉那个制造商，男性顾客可能不喜欢那种款式的家具”可知，此处应用may not在
此表示推测，意为“可能不”。
15. A。
