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高考阅读主旨题解题方法与实战(二)
选自海淀二模C篇
((11))JJoobb sshhaarriinngg rreeffeerrss ttoo tthhee ssiittuuaattiioonn iinn wwhhiicchh ttwwoo ppeeooppllee ddiivviiddee tthhee
responsibility of one full time job. The two people willingly act as part-time
高考说明之七大能力 workers, enouggh hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time
worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50
1．理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；——主旨题
percent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits.
22．获获取取事事实实性性信信息息；；————简简单单细细节节题题
(2)Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs
3．利用上下文推测词义；——含义题
mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require
44．推推断断隐隐含含意意义义；；——推推断断题题 hhiigghheerr lleevveellss ooff rreessppoonnssiibbiilliittyy aanndd eemmppllooyyeeee ccoommmmiittmmeenntt.
5．理解作者意图、观点和态度；——复杂细节题 (3)Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers
66．理理解解句句子子、段段落落之之间间的的逻逻辑辑关关系系；；——七七选选五五//六六选选五五 ttoo iinnccrreeaassiinngg tthhee nnuummbbeerr ooff jjoobbss bbyy rreedduucciinngg tthhee nnuummbbeerr ooff hhoouurrss ooff eeaacchh
existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of
7．理解语篇的基本结构——结构题
unempployyed ppeopple. Job sharingg,, byy contrast,, is not desiggned to address
unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for
skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
(4)As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in • 1．In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
2010 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 percent A．Work sharing requires more working hours.
of sharers were female, the majority of whom were, between 20 and 40 years B．Work shariing iis aiimed at creatiing more jjobs.
of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.
wwoommeenn wweerree rreeeenntteerriinngg tthhee jjoobb mmaarrkkeett aafftteerr hhaavviinngg hhaadd cchhiillddrreenn, bbuutt tthheeyy DD．WWoorrkk sshhaarriinngg ddeeppeennddss oonn tthhee eemmppllooyyeerr’ss ddeecciissiioonn.
chose not to seek part –time work because it would have meant lower status.
Job sharingg also offered an accepptable shift back into full –time work after a
long absence.
• 2．According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to
(5)The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person
conventional ppart –time work mainlyy because __________.
makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs.
A．they sought higher social status
However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each
B．they were over ideal working ages
ppeerrssoonn nneeeeddss ttoo kknnooww tthhee ssttrreennggtthhss, wweeaakknneesssseess aanndd pprreeffeerreenncceess ooff hhiiss oorr hheerr
C．they had difficulty finding full –time jobs
partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair
D．they had to take care of both work and family
ddiivviissiioonn ooff bbootthh rroouuttiinnee ttaasskkss aanndd iinntteerreessttiinngg oonneess.. IInn ssuumm,, ffoorr aa ppoossiittiioonn ttoo
be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat
1
each other as equals.• 3．In job sharing the partners should __________.
全文结构题
A．enjoy equal social status
11. TThhee aauutthhoorr ddeevveellooppss tthhee ppaassssaaggee mmaaiinnllyy bbyy _____.
B．have similar work experience
2. How is the passage mainly developed?
C．keepp in touch with each other 3. Which of the followingg shows the structure of the ppassagge?
D．know each other very well 4. What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
5. In the second paragraph, the author presents his idea by _______.
题目特征：
• 44．．TThhee mmaaiinn ppuurrppoossee ooff tthhee ppaassssaaggee iiss ttoo ___________..
11))结结构构图图
A．recommend job sharing to women 2)文字描述型
BB．ddiissccuussss hhooww ttoo pprroovviiddee mmoorree jjoobbss 3))后后文延延续续型型
C．describe job sharing in general
DD．ccoommppaarree jjoobb sshhaarriinngg wwiitthh wwoorrkk sshhaarriinngg
全文结构题解题思路与步骤： 3.Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.
Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行
((陕陕西西高高考考))阅阅读读理理解解CC 使使))biig power, but people who take orders ffrom others have less power.
1.According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the
ssoommee ffoorrmm ooff ssoocciiaall ssttrraattiiffiiccaattiioonn((阶阶层层)). CCllaassss, ppoowweerr aanndd ssttaattuuss aarree ggoovveerrnnoorr ooff aa ssttaattee hhaass ggrreeaatt ppoowweerr, bbuutt hhee oorr sshhee mmaayy nnoott bbeelloonngg ttoo aa
important in deciding people’s rank in society. corresponding (相应的)economic class. Generally, however, there is a
relationshipp between ppower and class.
22.CCllaassss mmeeaannss aa ppeerrssoonn’ss eeccoonnoommiicc ppoossiittiioonn iinn ssoocciieettyy. AA ccoommmmoonnllyy uusseedd
To our knowledge, there aren’t too many people who aren’t millionaires in
classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists
the U.S. Senate!
disaggree on how these terms should be exactlyy defined,, theyy do describe
societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of 4.Status is the honor or respect attached to a person’s position in society. It can
Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a
class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning ＄＄500,000 a year and a bus driver uniiversiity proffessor may have a hiigh status but not belong to a hiigh sociial
earning ＄50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class! class or have a lot of power over others.
2• 56. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
• Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our
thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings
an empirical(经验的, 实证的)basis. They are discovering how to design
spaces tthhatt promotte creattiiviitty, kkeep peoplle ffocusedd, andd lleadd tto rellaxattiion.
•• RReesseeaarrcchheess sshhooww tthhaatt aassppeeccttss ooff tthhee pphhyyssiiccaall eennvviirroonnmmeenntt ccaann iinnfflluueennccee
creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota,
rreeppoorrtteedd tthhaatt tthhee hheeiigghhtt ooff aa rroooomm’ss cceeiilliinngg aaffffeeccttss hhooww ppeeooppllee ttoo tthhiinnkk.. HHeerr
research indicates that the higher ceillings encourage people to think more
freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low
ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
• In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence • Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim(暗淡的)light helps
an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during
Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard
greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help
ggaaiinnss oonn aa ssttaannddaarrdd tteesstt ooff aatttteennttiioonn. vviissiittoorrss rreellaaxx.
• UUssiinngg nnaattuurree ttoo iimmpprroovvee ffooccuuss ooff aatttteennttiioonn oouugghhtt ttoo ppaayy ooffff aaccaaddeemmiiccaallllyy,, • SSoo ffaarr sscciieennttiissttss hhaavvee ffooccuusseedd mmaaiinnllyy oonn ppuubblliicc bbuuiillddiinnggss.. “WWee hhaavvee aa vveerryy
and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the limited number of studies, so we’re almost looking at the problem through a
School Design ＆Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia. Tanner and straw(吸管), ”architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to
his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That’s
50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language what we're all struggling with. ”
artts andd matthhs tthhan ddiidd sttuddentts whhose cllassrooms priimariilly overllookkedd
roads and parking lots.
3• Which of the following shows the organization of the passage? 选自北京海淀二模C篇阅读
1.The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and
mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别)balance in
these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time
iin hhiighh schhooll.
2.While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure
oorr eennccoouurraaggeemmeenntt iinn SSTTEEMM ffiieellddss tthhaatt tthheeiirr mmaallee ccoouunntteerrppaarrttss ddoo. IItt iiss oofftteenn
subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women.
BBooyyss ，，oonn tthhee ootthheerr hhaanndd,, ggeett oonn tthheeiirr ppaatthh ，，aanndd aarree eennccoouurraaggeedd ttoo ddoo ssoo，，
generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are more often given science
sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.
• 3.In school boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and • 5.It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes (偏见) long
science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in
ffiields that wiill advance us as a people a country，and a planet，we can no college. Wiithout makiing efffforts to break them，we are liimiitiing the
longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary
ccoonnssiiddeerr ooppppoorrttuunniittiieess tthheeyy ddoo nnoott kknnooww eexxiisstt. IIff ggiirrllss aarree nnoott eexxppoosseedd ttoo rreessoouurrcceess，eexxppoossuurree aanndd eennccoouurraaggeemmeenntt wwoouulldd hheellpp yyoouunngg wwoommeenn
,
certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they
them in collegge. choose,, and that ppursuingg a STEM career does not make them less feminine.
• 4.Our bias(偏见)toward girlseither from families or from schools ，is so
rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recoggnize it. Althouggh the
situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense
that girls aren't as good at math for instance even though there is almost no
eviidence to support such a beliieff.
4• Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? 选自北京新西城二模D
•• TThhee LLoossss ooff IInnnnoocceennccee((纯纯真真))
Innocence is such a precious gift. It‘s explained as freedom from guilt or
wrongg doingg. Just imaggine never havingg to worryy about anyythingg and
having a guilt-free mind. Some people wish to save this kind of innocence
from being lost from childhood to adulthood.
• What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would • However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever.
benefit humanity is the lack of hatred (仇恨) among the world. During youth, They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with
there may be an occasional argument, even a little physical fight, but nothing innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in
like firing a handgun at a fellow human being. And children are blind general. A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn,
ttoowwaarrddss tthhee rraacciiaall ddiiffffeerreenncceess ooff ootthheerrss. AA kkiidd wwiillll hhaanngg oouutt wwiitthh aannyy ootthheerr wwoorrkk, aanndd aacctt uuppoonn tthhee nneecceessssaarryy nneeeeddss ffoorr hhuummaanniittyy ttoo ssuurrvviivvee. WWiitthhoouutt aa
kid. It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a
influence children otherwise. Another benefit is the constant desire for fun world of innocence,, ppeopple would not have the desire to succeed,, gget a ggood
and adventure. With very little if any time at all for fun, the adventurous job in life, or provide income for their families,whichwould hurt the lives of
mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults. If innocence children.
were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives. • The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy. As
long as innocence is kept alive, no one would be terribly angry at the lack of
effffort peoplle put out iin thhe workkpllace, resulltiing iin a strong ddeclliine((减减少少)) iin
production and quality of needed goods.
5• Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice thought,
1. The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should
though. Perhaps innocence was meant to be lost. It was god's will to make
bbee______..
things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for everything. All that
A. avoided
remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts.
B. criticized
C. accepted
4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?_____
D. encouraged
2. Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that__________.
A. proper education would be provided
B. there would be no racial discrimination
C. there would be more happy families
DD. peoplle woulldd realliize tthheiir chhiillddhhoodd ddreams
• 3. According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with
their lack of____ .
A. motivational will
B. mental ability
CC. addventturous ambbiittiions
D. needed goods
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