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版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5

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版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5
版本一四级模拟5答案解析_大学英语四级+六级_四级真题_四级密押试卷_新四级模拟卷全10套_版本一四级模拟卷_版本一四级模拟5

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Key to Model Test Five Part I Writing 高分范文 精彩点评 FreeHealthCare ①开门见山,描述现象:医疗保健一直是政府 ①Health care has long been a major concern to the government 和公众关注的重大问题。当谈到医疗费用时, and the public. When it comes to medical charges, some people think 有的人认为免费的医疗服务能大幅度提高他 free health care can greatly improve their quality of life. Others argue 们的生活质量;另一些人则人物免费的医疗服 that covering the medical cost will impose a heavy burden on the 务会给政府带来沉重的负担。 government. ②As far as I’m concerned, people have the right to enjoy ②给出自己的选择:人们有权享有免费的医疗 freehealthcare. 服务。 ③Many remarkable reasons contribute to my view. ④For one ③阐述支持免费医疗的原因有很多。 thing, citizens have fulfilled their obligations to pay taxes. In the ④⑤使用Foronething,…Foranother,…具体分 meantime, they should be entitled to free public services, like health 析不同的原因,层次分明。 care. ⑤For another, there are still a great number of people who live ⑥给出结论,首尾呼应。 under the poverty line but need urgent medical care. Therefore, free 加分亮点 medical policy can extend the coverage of medical care to more people impose…on… 把……施加于…… and reduce the number of people who risk financial ruin because of fulfillobligations履行义务 medicalcost. beentitledto有权;有……的资格 ⑥In summary, each individual should have access to free medical haveaccessto有接触(或进入、使用)的机会 care, which is one of the basic social welfare. And a greater role (或权利) governmenttoplayinhealthcareshouldbeadvocated. socialwelfare社会福利 Part II Listening Comprehension SectionA NewsReportOne The continent of Antarctica is surrounded by sea ice.(1)The amount of ice grows in winter and shrinks in summer. The total area it covers changes from year to year. And it just set a new record in January, the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministrationreports.Thatmonth,Antarcticseaiceshrunktothelowestmonthlyextenteverrecorded. The cause of the record-low ice—and whether future years will similarly buck the growing trend—is unclear, James Pope said in a statement. He is a climate scientist with the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, England. (2) “It is difficult to identify what is causing the record minimum and whether anything significant has changed so close to the record-setting event,” he said. Researchers may not understand for years what caused the decline in sea ice. “We will now studythedatawithinterestandlookatwhatiscausingthisminimum,”hesaid. Meanwhile, in the Northern hemisphere, where it is winter,Arctic sea ice is growing. But sea ice there set another record.IthaditssmallestJanuaryextentonrecord.Thatedgesoutthepreviousrecord—setjustlastyear. Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard. 1.WhatdowelearnaboutAntarcticseaice?C) 2.WhatdoesJamesPopesayaboutthecauseoftherecord-lowice?C) NewsReportTwo Europe’s Atlantic-facing countries will suffer heavier rainfalls, greater flood risk, more severe storm damage and an increase in “multiple climatic hazards,” according to the most comprehensive study of Europe’s vulnerability to climate changeyet. Temperatures in mountain ranges such as the Alps and the Pyrenees are predicted to soar to glacier-melting levels, whiletheMediterraneanfacesa“drastic”increaseinheatextremes,droughts,cropfailureandforestfires. (3)EuropeandtheentireNorthernhemispherearewarming ataquicker pacethanelsewhere,to theextent thattropicaldiseasessuchasWestNilefeverareexpectedtospreadacrossnorthernFrancebymid-century. Hans-Martin Füssel, one of the lead authors of the European EnvironmentAgency report, said that scientific evidence waspointingincreasinglytoaspeedingupinthepaceofclimatechange. (4) “We have more data confirming that sea-level rise is accelerating,” he said. “It is not a linear trend, largely due to increased disintegration of ice sheets. There is also new evidence that heavy precipitation has increased in Europe. That is whatiscausingthefloods.Theclimateprojectionsarecomingtrue.” Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard. 3.WhatdowelearnabouttheentireNorthernhemisphere? B) 4.WhatdoesHans-MartinFüsselsay?D) NewsReportThree (5)Scientists may have just given hydrogen a squeeze strong enough to turn it into a metal. The important point here isthatthey“may”have.Infact,somecriticsstronglydisputethenewclaim. (6)Underextremelyhighpressureshydrogenmaybecomereflective.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityinCambridge, Mass, have just claimed to have seen it. That reflectivity is a key trait of metals. Their feat required compressing hydrogen to4.9milliontimesatmosphericpressure. If correct,this crushingworkwouldendadecades-longsearchfor amaterialthatcouldhaveunusualproperties, such assuperconductivity—theabilitytoconductelectricitywithoutresistance. (7)Most superconductors work only at extremely cold temperatures. But some scientists have calculated that metallic hydrogen might prove a relatively high-temperature superconductor. It might have this trait even at room temperature—higherthananyotherknownsuperconductor.Ifso,thenewdiscoverywouldraisehopesthatsuperconducting metallichydrogencouldbeusedinpowerlines.Thatcouldmaketransmissionofelectricityvastlymoreefficient. Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard. 5.Whatisthisnewsreportmainlyabout?B) 6.Howcanwemakehydrogenbecomereflectiveaccordingtothenewsreport?A) 7.Whatdowelearnaboutsuperconductors?C) SectionB ConversationOne W:Hi,Jack.Whatareyoudoing? M:Hi,Mary,(8)I’mfillingoutajobapplication. W:Areyoufinishedwithschoolalready? M:No.Ihaveonemoresemester,butitwouldbegreattohaveajoblinedup. W:Goodforyou.Whatparticularfielddoyouplantoenter? M:Well,Iamconsideringajobrelatedtomymajor.(9)Youknow,Idon’twantthefour-yearcollegelifetobefutile. W:Definitly.Isithardforyoutofindajobthatdealswithsociology? M:Well,sociologycoversawiderange.I’drathernarrowitdowntosomethinginthenon-profitorganizations.Youknow,I spent my internship at a company which deals with agriculture, food, and nutrition. I have learned a lot from my preciousexperience. W:Whathaveyoulearnedinparticular? M:The NGO I worked in has a long history of community involvement. Supported by a foundation, we were involved in a vast number of non-profit programs that focused on the improvement of nutrition for children of the minority groups. (10)I learned to understand the needs of some poor people from the inside out.And I also learned to communicate with themeffectively. W:Soundsfruitful.Buthowdidyouhandleyourconflictwithyourstudyandyourwork? M: Well. That year was hell for me! The schedule was extremely tight for me. However, I managed. And I’d say that I’d ratherenjoyastressfullifewhichmotivatesyoutobeabetterman. W:Iamgladtohearthat.Onemorequestion:Howdoyouhandleyourfailure? M:Well.(11)Noneofusisperfect.I’msureeveryonedeservesasecondchancetocorrecthismistakes.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 8.Whatisthemandoingatthebeginningofthisconversation?A) 9.Whydoesthemanwanttofindajobrelatedtohismajor?A) 10.Whathasthemanlearnedfromhisinternship?C) 11.Howdoesthemanviewfailure?B) ConversationTwo W: OK, Professor Johnson. Today, let’s talk about something aboutAmerican history. It is said that American Revolution periodisalsocalledanageofreason.Iwonderwhy? M: (12)Because in the 18th century,peoplebelieved in man’s ownnature andthe powerofhuman reason.With Franklin as itsspokesman,the18thcenturyAmericaexperiencedanageofreasonandenlightenment. W:Isee.TherewerealotofprominentpeoplewhofoundedtheUSAinthefirstplace.Doyouknowsomeofthenames? M: I can recall the first president of our nation, George Washington, who was appointed commander in chief of the ContinentalarmyattheoutbreakoftheWar.Aftervictoryhewaselectedpresident. W:Lookatthispicturewetookinanexhibition.ItseemslikeapartoftheDeclarationofIndependence! M:(13-1)Itisindeed.ItissaidthattheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedbyfourgreatmeninAmerica. W:(13-2)IguessThomasJeffersonwasoneofthem. M:(13-3)Youareright!HewasalsothethirdpresidentoftheUSA. W:WasBenjaminFranklinthesecondpresidentthen?IrememberhewascalledfatherofAmerica? M: (14)Nope. Benjamin Franklin was a successful statesman, businessman, scientist and writer. But he was never elected president. W:Thenwhywashecalledfatherofourcountry? M: I bet that has a lot to do with his achievements in the above fields. In fact, he was also the embodiment of American Dream. W: (15-1)I know that because the was raised in a very poor family and he had little formal education but he worked hard andgrabbedeachopportunitytoflythathigh. M:(15-2)ThatistheessenceofAmericanDream,isn’tit? Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 12.WhywastheAmericanRevolutionperiodcalledanageofreason?B) 13.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?B) 14.WhatdowelearnaboutBenjaminFranklin?D) 15.WhatistheessenceofAmericanDream?A) SectionC PassageOne Thenext time you snapa selfie with your friends onholiday or a night out,you might justbe creating the nextartistic masterpiece. (16)London’sSaatchiGalleryisplanninganewexhibitiontoexploretheimportanceofselfiesasanartform. Itwillfeaturenotonlyself-portraitsbythelikesofVincentVanGogh,butalsomorerecentcelebrityselfies. Membersofthepublicwillalsobeinvitedtosubmittheirownphotosfortheexhibition. The popularity of the selfie has rocketed since the invention of smartphones and in 2013 Oxford Dictionaries named “selfie”astheirwordoftheyear. The Saatchi Gallery said the exhibition will showcase a selection of well-known pieces as well as “selfies that have quicklybecomeiconsofthedigitalera.‘ More modern examples in the exhibition will include a selfie taken by Kim Kardashian and another of former US PresidentBarackObamawithformerPrimeMinisterDavidCameron. (17)NigelHurst, chiefexecutive officerattheSaatchiGallery,describedthesmartphoneselfie asanexample ofashift insocietyusingtechnologyasameansofself-expression. The gallery will also include the launch of the Selfie competition, asking people around the world to post their mostinterestingselfiesonsocialmediaforachancetobefeaturedintheexhibition. Glory Zhang of Huawei, which is partnering with the Saatchi Gallery for the exhibition, said: “The smartphone has become a tool of artistic expression. (18)The selfie generation is becoming the self-expression generation as each of us seekstoexploreandshareourinnercreativitythroughtheoneartistictooltowhichweallhaveaccess:thesmartphone.” Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 16.WhatisLondon’sLondon’sSaatchiGalleryplanning?A) 17.HowdidNigelHurstdescribethesmartphoneselfie?C) 18.Whatfacilitatestheexplorationandshareofourinnercreativity?C) PassageTwo Christmas is supposed to be a peaceful and joyous time of year with festivities filled with love and kindness. But this frighteningtradition thatterrifies childreninparts ofEuropesmashesallofthewarm andfuzzy feelings associatedwith the holidays. Every year incountries suchasthe CzechRepublic naughty boys andgirls are visited bySaint Nicholasandthe devil. (19)The evil figure carries a stick and is tasked with punishing children who have misbehaved over the past year, although hispresencealoneisenoughtoscarethemstraight. Footage from the Czech Republic shows the unlikely pair of Saint Nicholas and the devil, given the nickname Bertik, visitinga home in the run-up to Christmas. (20)Young childrenare left in fearas they hide under their beds andrun totheir parentstogetaway. While Saint Nicholas gives his attention to good boys and girls, the devil warns the “ bad kids” they could be put in his sack and taken to hell. Children are forced to entertain the devil with a song or dance, but they’re often too terrified to makeamove. Similar traditions occur in a number of European countries, and the most common form is Krampus, a Christmas goat-demon which punishes naughty children. The terrifying horned beast with long dark hair and fangs carries a stick to beatthekidswhohaven’tbeennice. He will even lick them with his evil snake tongue. (21)The mythical creature was born inAustrian folklore and even hashisownparadeincountriessuchasGermany,CroatiaandSlovenia. Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 19.WhatroledoesthedevilplayatChristmasintheCzechRepublic?A) 20.HowdochildrenvisitedbythedevilatChristmasreactinfootagefromtheCzechRepublic?B) 21.WherewasKrampus,aChristmasgoat-demon,born?B) PassageThree (22)Imagine your objective is to learn how to speak English fluently.What should you do if you don’t know how to beginyoursentence,evenafterthinkingforawhile;ifyoustopinthemiddleofasentence,andcan’tcontinuebecauseyou don’tknowaword;ifyouproduceawkward-soundingsentencesbecauseyoudon’tknowhowtosaysomethinginanatural way;ifyouoftenmakemistakesandarenotawareofthem? (23)Youneedmoreinput,notmorespeakingpractice.Morespeakingwillnotimproveyourvocabularyandgrammar; actually, it can make things worse.(24)Such problems show that adults continue thinking in their native language; it is extremely stressful to think in one language and speak in another. That is why adults, especially beginners, don’t want to talktotalkintheclass. There is no evidence that speaking with native speakers alone will help you in acquiring fluency in English. The transition from the traditional method of English learning, Passive Learning, to more efficient Active Training of English Skills requires revising what we assume is involved in speaking fluent English. Both learners and teachers need to change theirbeliefsandrecognizemisconceptions,someofwhicharesopowerfulthattheyactuallypreventlearnersfromspeaking fluentEnglish. (25)Ability to speak is a skill and not information! Any skill should be trained. It is a misconception that to train conversationalskillsyouneedtospeakwithnativespeakers!Inspeakingyoureinforcewhatyoualreadyknow. The comprehensible input brings new word blocks to the learner which he first imitates and then after multiplerepetitionswillbeabletoproduceautomatically.Conversationswithnativespeakersdonothavetheseinputcharacteristics. Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 22.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?C) 23.WhatisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwellaccordingtothespeaker?D) 24.Whydon’tadultbeginnerswanttotalkinclass?A) 25.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheabilitytospeak?B) Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension SectionA 选项归类 名词:A)complements 补充物,衬托物;B)conceptions概念,设想;J)model模型,模范; N)verification验证,确认 动词:C)crack破解(难题、密码); D)defend保护,辩护;F)identify确定,确认; I)interfere干涉,妨碍; K)occur发生,发现;L)replace取代,代替 形容词:E)enough足够的,充足的; G)inappropriate不合适的,不恰当的;O)widespread普遍的,广泛的 副词:H)increasingly日益增加地,越来越多地;M)traditionally传统上,习惯上 详解详析: 26.答案:C)crack 详解:通过分析句子结构可知,either…or…连接并列结构,or后面是hardtoremember,那么,either后面也应该是 相同的结构,即adj.+todo,空格前面已有easyto,因此空格处需要填入动词原形。前一句提到“密码是一件让人头 痛的事”。本句继续指出“这些密码那要么很容易________,要么很难记住”,由此可知,此处应选择能与密码搭 配的动词,并且和“很难记住”一样表示弊端,备选动词中只有C)crack“破解(难题、密码)”符合语境,故为 答案。 27.答案:K)occur 详解:此空格位于when引导的时间状语从句中,空格前为从句的主语空格后是主语breaches,空格后是主句, 并且主句的时态是一般现在时,因此空格处应填入动词原形作从句的谓语。本句提到“当破解_____时,你就不得 不想出一个全新的密码”,由此可知,原来的密码是无效了,也就是说被破解了,故此处应选择与发生意义相近的动 词,因此K)occur “发生,发现”为答案。 28.答案:E)enough 详解:空格在系动词are之后,因此空格处需要填入形容词作表语。上文提到“人们正努力彻底摆脱密码,到目 前为止,指纹识别器在这方面做的非常好”,本句接着指出“只有指纹还不______”,由句首的Still“然而”可推 测,本句和上文之间是转折关系,并且空格后一句中提到还需要提供更好的措施。由此可知,E)enough“足够的, 充足的”为答案。 29.答案:H)increasingly 详解:空格前面有系动词become,后面有形容词important,因此空格处需要填入副词。本句提到“网络安全已 变得_______重要,这迫使服务提供商想出更好的措施来维护用户信息,比如双因素认证”。根据句意可知,空格 处需要填入一个表示肯定的副词,修饰important,而M)traditionally“传统上,习惯上”与句意不符,故H)increasingly “日益增加地,越来越多地”为答案。 30.答案:D)defend保护,辩护 详解:空格前面有名词短语two-factorauthentication和to,后面是名词短语userinformation,因此空格处需要填 入动词原形,构成不定式短语,作目的状语。本句提到“网络安全的重要性迫使服务提供商需要提供比指纹更好的 措施,比如双因素认证来______用户信息”,由此可知,密码、指纹识别和双因素认证这些措施都是为了保护网络 安全,空格处应选择与网络安全意义相近的动词,故D)defend“保护,辩护”为答案。 31.答案:A)complements 详解:空格前有动词find和形容词biometric,后面是一个定语从句,因此空格处应填入名词作find的宾语,通过 分析句子结构可知,空格后面定语从句的谓语are表明,主语that所指代的先行词应该表示复数的概念,所以空格 处需要填入名词的复数形式。本句提到“许多公司转向我们身体的其他部位来寻找胜任这项任务的生物计量_____,而我们的面部和眼睛位居榜首”。上文提到“仅有指纹识别并不够,网络安全还需要服务提供商提供比指纹更好的 措施”,由此可知,面部和眼睛等身体其他部位是用来补充指纹这一现有的生物计量识别手段,很显然A)complements “补充物,衬托物”为答案。 32.答案:N)verification 详解:通过分析句子结构可知,and连接并列结构,and前面是名词passwords,由此可知,and后面也应该是名 词,而空格前有clunkytext-messagetwo-factor作修饰语,因此空格处应填入名词。本句提到“这种配对会同时消除 密码和笨拙的短信双因素_______,使其成为一个完全的生物计量过程”。此处的“这种配对”是指代上一句中提 到的facialandeye-basedrecognition,人脸识别、人眼识别以及密码都是认证方法,结合本段第二句中的two-factor authentication“双因素认证”可以推出,此处应选择与认证意义相近的名词,故N)verification“验证,确认”为答 案。 33.答案:L)replace 详解:空格前面是aremeantto结构,后面有代词it,因此空格处需要填入动词原形。本句提到“指纹识别器的普 及、盛行和便捷意味着它会继续流行,并且人们决不会打算用人脸识别和人眼识别_______它”,由第二个and可 知,其前后两个分句之间是顺承或递进关系,因此第二个分句的意思和第一个分句一致,都表明指纹识别会继续流 行,而第二个分句句首的bytomeans意为“决不”,所以此处应选择与流行意义相反的动词,故L)replace“取代, 代替”为答案。 34.答案:J)model 详解:空格前有不定冠词a作修饰语,因此空格处应填入可数名词的单数形式。本句提到“以指纹识别器的使用 为______,乔杜里对虹膜识别和人脸识别做出推测”。由此推出,指纹识别器是乔杜里的推测依据,故此处应选择 与依据意义相反的名词,故J)model“模型,模范”为答案。 35.答案:O)widespread 详解:空格再系动词becoming之后,因此空格处需要填入形容词作表语。上文提到“乔杜里把人脸识别和人眼 识别这种新方法视为对指纹识别的补充,虽然我们目前拥有这种技术可能速度或安全性还不足以实现真正的便捷和 实用,但我们越来越接近这一目标了”,本句继续指出“乔杜里预计,大约还要五年的时间,虹膜识别和人脸识别 才会_______”,并且接下来的一句提到在之前我们仍需使用指纹,故此处应选择与达到目标意义相近的形容词, 故O)widespread“普遍的,广泛的”为答案。 SectionB 语篇分析 本文通过介绍尼 [A]~[C]段介绍了尼古拉·索普因拒绝穿高跟鞋而被解雇的事件,以及她发起的请愿和此事件的 古拉·索普事件, 影响。 讲述了英国女性 [D]~[J]段介绍了两个议会委员会的调查结论,并分析了尼古拉·索普、普华永道会计事务所和 挑战带有性别歧 Portico公司三方对该结论的态度。 视的着装规范。 [K]~[P]段举例说明职场着装性别歧视的普遍性,并揭示了这种社会文化习俗很难改变。 [Q]~[R]段萨姆·斯迈瑟分析了女性忍受职场着装性别歧视的原因,并对雇主提出了相关建议。 详解详析: 36. Many women complained to the committees about their [E] During the investigation, the committees companies’ regulations on hair, clothes and makeup, which proved received hundreds of complaints from women gender-biaseddresscodestobestillcommon. whose companies had demanded that they “ dye 译文:许多女性向委员会投诉她们公司关于头发、服装和化妆的规 their hair blonde.” “wear revealing outfits” or 定,这些规定表明了带有性别歧视的着装规范仍然十分普遍。 “ constantly reapply makeup.” “Discriminatory 定位:由题干中的complained,companies’regulationsonhair,clothes dresscodesremainwidespread,”thereportsaid. andmakeup和gender-biaseddresscodes定位到原文E)段画线处。 详解:E)段定位句指出,在调查期间,委员会接到了女性发来的数百封投诉信,她们抱怨公司要求其“将头发染 成金黄色”“穿暴露的服装”或者“经常补妆”。报告称“歧视性的着装规范仍然十分普遍”。该段第一句中女性 向委员会投诉的公司着装规范可概括为companies’regulationsonhair,clothesandmakeup,第二句中的Discriminatory和widespread分别与题干中的gender-biased和common对应。题干是对该惯的概括,故E)为答案。 37.The factthatTheresa May and Mr.Trump were [L] But legal experts and women’s advocates say social and treated differently proves that it is more difficult to culturalconventionscanbehardertochange.WhenPrimeMinister changesocialandculturalcustoms. Theresa May was photographed recently wearing a $1,250 pair of 译文:特雷莎·梅和特朗普被区别对待的事实证明 “desertkhaki(卡其色) ”leatherpants,shewascriticizedasbeing 了社会和文化习俗更加难以改变。 excessive and out of touch, even as her defenders argued that no 定位:由题干中的TheresaMay,Mr.Trump和social onetalkedaboutMr.Trump’sfarmoreexpensiveBrionisuits. andculturalcustoms定位到原文L)段画线处。 详解:L)段第一句指出,但法律专家和女性权利倡导者表示,社会和文化习俗更加难以改变。第二句则以人们对 特雷莎·梅和特朗普的态度为例,说明人们对女性和男性衣着的区别看待,从而证明第一句的观点。题干中的social andculturalcustoms对应定位句中的socialandculturalconventions;more difficulttochange 对应定位句中的harderto change,题干是对该段的总结,故L)为答案。 38. Ms . Thorp appealed for a law protecting [B] When she refused, she was sent home from the accounting firm womenfrombeingforcedtoworkinheels. PwC withoutpay.Buthatwasnottheendofit. Fivemonthslater,Ms. 译文:索普女士呼吁制定法律,保护女性不会 Thorp, an actress originally from the northern seaside city of 被强迫穿高跟鞋上班。 Blackpool,started apetition calling for alaw thatwouldmake sureno 定位:由题干中的Ms .Thorp 和 appealed for a companycouldeveragaindemandthatawomanwearheelstowork. law定位到原文B)段画线处。 详解:B)段定位句提到,五个月后,老家是北方海滨城市布莱克浦的女演员索普女士发起了一项请愿,呼吁制定 法律,以确保没有任何公司能够要求女性穿高跟鞋上班。题干中的appealedfor和alawprotectingwomenfrombeing forced to work in heels 分别是定位句中 calling for 和 a law that would make sure no company could ever again demand thatawomanwearheelstowork的同义转述,故B)为答案。 39. PwC emphasized it was Portico rather than PwC that had [J] PwC stressed that the dress code required by Portico developedandimplementedthedressingrule. in December 2015 was Portico’s policy and had been 译文:普华永道会计事务所强调,是Portico公司而非他们 enforced by a Portico supervisor. Nevertheless, it said it 事务所制定执行该着装规范。 regretted thatthe inquiry was instigated by anincident at 定位:由题干中的PwCemphasized,Portico和implemented its offices, and it remained committed to equality at the 定位到原文J)段画线处。 workplace. 详解:J)段定位句提到,普华永道会计事务所强调,Portico在2015年12月提出的着装规范是Portico的政策,并 且由 Portico 公司的一名主管强制执行。由此推知,该着装规范是 Portico 公司制定的。题干中的 emphasized 和 implemented分别对应定位句中的stressed和enforced,故J)为答案。 40. When Nicola Thorp reported for duty, she was astonished at [A] LONDON-WhenNicolaThorpreportedtowork her temporary director’s requirement to let her replace flat shoes awhile back as a temporary receptionist in the withhigh-heeledones. financial center here , she was shocked when her 译文:当尼古拉·索普去公司报到时,她的临时主管要求她将 temp supervisor said her flat shoes were 平底鞋换成高跟鞋,这令她感到非常震惊。 unacceptable. She would need to get herself shoes 定位:由题干中的 Nicola Thorp,reported for duty, temporary withheelsatleasttwoincheshigh. director和flatshoes定位到原文A)段画线处。 详解:A)段第一句提到临时主管在尼古拉·索普去公司报到时指出不许穿平底鞋,第二句表明尼古拉·索普被要 求穿高跟鞋。题干中的reportedforduty,astonished和temporarydirector分别是定位句中reportedtowork,shocked和 tempsupervisor的同义转述,故A)为答案。 41.According to Sam Smethers, women were [Q] Sam Smethers, chief executive of the Fawcett Society , a prevented from charging against sexist dress leading women’s rights organization in London that traces its roots to codes because of high cost and the risk of 1866, said sexist dress codes that objectified women or men had no dismissal. place in the modern workplace. She noted that it took until last January 译文:据萨姆·斯梅瑟所说,阻碍女性对具有 for British Airways to allow female cabin crew members to wear 歧视的着装特出诉讼的原因是高昂的费用和 trousers. She also lamented that it cost about $1,500 in Britain for a失业的风险。 persontobringa casebeforean employmenttribunal(特别法庭),and 定位:由题干中的Sam Smethers, high cost和 that even without this financial constraint, “some women don’t want to theriskofdismissal定位到原文Q)段画线处。 beseenastroublemakersorrisklosingtheirjobs.” 详解:Q)段最后一句提到,在英国人们要花费大约1500美元才能把一个案件提到劳资仲裁法庭,即使没有这种 费用约束,“有些女性也不想被视为闹事者或者冒失去工作的风险。”由上文可知,定位句句首的She指代该段第 一句中的萨姆·斯梅瑟。定位句的costabout$1,500和thisfinancialconstraint表明提起诉讼的费用很高。题干中的 dismissal是定位句中losingtheirjobs的同义转述,故Q)为答案。 42. Piers Morgan’s open support for Portico caused a stir [N] In a sign of the challenges ahead, the British onTwitterandmetwiththeprotestfromTheSun. television host Piers Morgan inspired a Twitter storm on 译文:皮尔斯·摩根对Portico公司的公开支持在推特上 Wednesday when he insisted during an interview with Ms. 引起了轩然大波遭到《太阳报》的抗议。 Thorp that it was not unreasonable to expect a receptionist 定位:由题干中的 Piers Morgan 和 The Sun 定位到原文 towearstilettoheels(细跟鞋) 。“GetPiersinHeels,”roared N)段画线处。 TheSun’sheadline. 详解:N)段第一句指出,英国电视主持人皮尔斯·摩根在采访索普女士时坚持认为,希望一名接待员穿细跟鞋并 非毫无道理。接着《太阳报》的头条斥责:“让皮尔斯穿上高跟鞋。”那么可以推断他支持的是Portico公司的着 装规范,而《太阳报》发表的言论表明该报反对皮尔斯·摩根的观点。题干中的causedastironTwitter对应定位句 中的inspiredaTwitterstorm,题干是对该段的概括,故N)为答案。 43. Two years later, the two parliamentary committees [D] On Wednesday, more than two years after Ms. Thorp, announced Portico’s violation of the law and the need to now 28, strode into that office in herchic but sensible black strengthenthepresentlaw. flats, the committees released a report concluding that 译文:两年之后,这两个议会委员会宣布,Portico公司 Portico, the outsourcingfirm thathad insisted shewear high 违反了法律,而且现存法律需要加强。 heels, had broken the law. It added that existing law needed 定位:由题干中的Twoyearslater,Portico’s和violationof to be toughened to overcome outmoded and sexist thelaw定位到原文D)段画线处。 workplacecodes. 详解:D)段提到这两个委员会已于周三发布了一项报告,其结论是坚持让索普女士穿高跟鞋的外包公司Portico 违反了法律。报告还补充说,现存法律需要进一步加强,以废除那些陈旧和有性别歧视的职场规则。题干中的violation ofthe law 和 the need to strengthen the presentlaw 分别对应定位句中hadbroken the law 和existing law needed to be toughened的同义转述,故D)为答案。 44. Ms. Thorp refused to wear heels notonly to object [H] Ms. Thorp said her resistance to heels, while a protest tosexismanddiscriminationbutalsotoprotectherfeet. against sexism and discrimination, was also a matter of public 译文:索普女士拒绝穿高跟鞋不仅是为了反对性别歧 healthgiventhetollthathighheelstakeonwomen’sfeet.“The 视,还为了保护她的双脚。 company expected me to do a nine-hour shift on my feet 定位:由题干中的refusedtowearheels,objecttosexism accompanying clients to meeting rooms, ”she said. “I told anddiscrimination和feet定位到原文H)段画线处。 themthatIjustwouldn’tbeabletodothatinheels.” 详解:H)段定位句提到,索普女士表示,她拒绝穿高跟鞋是对性别歧视的一种抗议,同时也是一个公共健康问题, 因为高跟鞋对女性的双脚造成伤害。题干中的refusedtowearheels和objecttosexismanddiscrimination分别是定位 句中resistancetoheels和aprotestagainstsexismanddiscrimination的同义转述,故H)为答案。 45. Dozens of working women supported Ms. Thorp’s petition with [C] The petition collected more than 150,000 postingtheirownpicturesofwearingflatsonasocialmediawebsite. signatures, helped spur a popular 译文:数十名职业女性在一家社交媒体网站上发布她们自己穿平底 opposition-dozens of professional women posted 鞋的照片,以示对索普女士请愿的支持。 photographs of themselves on Twitter defiantly 定位:由题干中的Dozensofworkingwomen,petition和postingtheir wearing flats-and prompted an inquiry overseen ownpictures定位到原文C)段画线处。 bytwoparliamentarycommittees. 详解:C)段指出,这项请愿获得超过15万人的签名,激发了公众的反对——数十名职业女性在推特上发布了自 己穿平底鞋以示抗议的照片——还促使两个议会委员会监督调查。题干中的Dozensofworkingwomen和postingtheir ownpictures分别对应定位句中的dozensofprofessionalwomen和postedphotographsofthemselves,并且题干中的a socialmediawebsite指代原文中的Twitter,故C)为答案。SectionC PassageOne 全文翻译: 根据英国哥伦比亚大学的一项研究,教师的职业倦怠可能与学生的压力有关。 这是第一个调查教师职业倦怠与学生皮质醇含量之间关系的研究,其中皮质醇含量是一种判断压力的生物学指 标。 研究人员收集了400多个小学生的唾液样本,并测试了他们的皮质醇含量。(46)研究人员发现,在教师表现 出更多倦怠或者情绪疲劳感的班级,学生们的皮质醇含量会有所上升。较高的皮质醇含量与小学生的学习困难及心 理健康问题相关联。 (47)“这意味着在教室里可能发生教师和学生之间的压力传染,”伊娃·奥伯利说道,她是此向研究的第一 作者,也是人类早期学习合作研究部新任命的助理教授,该研究部隶属于英国哥伦比亚大学的人口与公共卫生学院。 (48)“尚不清楚谁发生——升高的皮质醇还教师的职业倦怠。我们认为学生和教师压力之间的关系是发生在教室 里的一个循环问题。” 奥伯利表示,充满压力的教室气氛可能是由对教师的支持不够造成的,这可能会影响教师有效管理学生的能力。 管理不善的教室会导致学生需求无法被满足以及压力的不断攀升。这在学生升高的皮质醇含量上有所体现。 另一种情况是,压力可能来源于那些由于焦虑增加、行为问题严重或特殊需求而教育引起来更有挑战性的学生。 在这种情况下,教师可能感到崩溃,表现出较高的职业倦怠。 “我们的研究让大家注意到,在教室规模扩大和对教师的支持缩减时,教师和教育工作者所面临的系统性问 题,”奥伯利说。 (49)“从近期大量的研究调查研究中可清楚地看到,教学是压力最大的职业之一,而且教师在他们的工作中 需要足够的资源与支持来抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教师里的压力,”英国哥伦比亚大学教育学教授金伯利·斯科勒-莱克 利说道,他还是该研究的合著者以及人类早期学习合作研究部的主管。(50)“如果我们不支持教师,我们就会有 让孩子们受到间接伤害的风险。” 详解详析: 46. 答案:C) 定位:由题干中的research和UniversityofBritishColumbia定位到第三段第二句。 详解:推理判断题。第三段第二句提到,研究人员发现,在教师表现出更多倦怠或情绪疲劳感的班级,学生们 的皮质醇含量会有所上升。由此推断,学生们的皮质醇含量受教师职业倦怠的影响,故答案为C)。A)“皮质醇含量 被证实是一个可靠的压力指标”,原文并未提及皮质醇含量作为判断压力的可靠性,故排除;B)“儿童的皮质醇含 量通过测量唾液得出”,第三段第一句得到,研究人员收集400多个小学生的唾液样本,并测试了他们的皮质醇含 量,该选项在原文直接提及,无需推断,故排除;D)“皮质醇含量的升高与心理问题有关”,第三段最后一句表明, 在此次研究之前,皮质醇的较高含量就已经与小学生的学习困难及心理健康问题联系起来了,由此可知,皮质醇含 量的升高与心理问题有关并非此次研究得出的结论,故排除。 47. 答案:C) 定位:由题干中的identities 和EvaOberle定位到第四段第一句。 详解:事实细节题,定位句指出,伊娃·奥伯利是此次研究的第一作者,也是人类早期学习合作研究部新任命 的助理教授,该研究部隶属于英国哥伦比亚大学的人口与公共卫生学院。由此可知,伊娃·奥伯利是英国哥伦比亚 大学的助理教授,故答案为C)。A)“儿童教育专家”,原文虽然涉及小学生的教育,但并未表明伊娃·奥伯利就是 儿童教育专家,故排除;B)“该项研究的唯一作者”定位句提到伊娃·奥伯利是此项研究的第一作者,这表明该研 究还有其他作者,而且第八段第一句指出金伯利·斯科勒-莱克利是该研究的合著者,由此可知,该选项与原文表述 不符,故排除;D)“人类早期学习合作研究部的新主管”,定位句指出,伊娃·奥伯利是人类早期学习合作研究部 新任命的助理教授,而不是新主管,故排除。 48. 答案:D) 定位:由题干中的EvaOberle,increasedcortisol 和 teachertiredness定位到第四段最后两句。 详解:推理判断题。定位句提到,伊娃·奥伯利认为,尚不清楚谁先发生——升高的皮质醇还是教师职业倦怠, 学生和教师压力之间的关系是发生在教室里的一个循环问题。由此可推出,升高的皮质醇和教师的职业倦怠是循环发生的,故答案为D),同时排除C)“按已知的顺序”。A)“偶然地”,原文并未提及,故排除;B)“同时”定位 句提到尚不清楚这两者哪一个先发生,这表明身高的皮质醇和教师职业倦怠的发生是有先有后的,并不是同时发生, 故排除。 49. 答案:B) 定位:由题干中的KimberlySchonert-Reichl和strugglewithoccupationalburnout定位到最后一段第一句。 详解:事实细节题。定位句指出,金伯利·斯科勒-莱克利说道,教师在他们的工作中需要足够的资源与支持来 抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教室里的压力。由此可知,他建议给那些想要与与职业倦怠作斗争的教师们提供工作所需的资 源,故答案为B)。A)“教室规模的扩大”虽在第七段有所提及,但它不是金伯利的观点,故排除;C)“休个长假” 原文并未提及,故排除;D)“教室的压力的减轻”,由定位句可知,给教师提供他们教师所需的资源与支持,其目 的是为了抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教室里的压力,因此该选项是对原文的曲解,故排除。 50. 答案:A) 定位:由题干中的“collateral”和Line4,Pare.8定位到第八段最后一句。 详解:语义理解题。定位句提到,如果我们不支持教师,我们就会让孩子们受到collateral伤害的风险。而上一 句指出我们支持教师的目的是为了让他们抵抗职业倦怠和减轻教师里的压力。并且第五段也提到,充满压力的教室 气氛可能是由于对教师的支持不够造成的,这可能影响教师有效管理学生的能力,而管理不善的教室会导致学生需 求无法满足以及压力的不断攀升,这会反应在学生身高的皮质醇含量上。由此推断,我们不支持教师,会对教师造 成直接影响,然后教师再对孩子造成影响,故答案为A)“间接的”,同时排除B)“直接的”。C)“永久的”和D) “暂时的”,原文并未提及伤害持续的时间,故均排除。 PassageTwo 全文翻译: 这句关于爱情的古老谚语非常精辟,但根据最新研究,相异并未相吸。 (54-1)研究表明,人们往往寻求与自己显著特征相似的伙伴关系,并最终结婚,这些特征有年龄、政治倾向、 宗教信仰、学历和收入等。 (51)“一般而言,当我们思考相异是否相吸时,我们考虑的是性格方面,而不是上述这些非常关键的本质特 征,”华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的临床心理学家和作家维尼塔·梅塔说道。 究其原因,其中一个重要因素就是你所处的人生阶段:你住在何处,你拥有什么样的生活方式,还有你接触的 是哪类人。 (52)“如果你是在大学校园里,一般来说,你会去找年龄相仿的人,”梅塔说道。“你会去找那些至少最终 会成为与你总收入处于相同阶级的人。” 来自堪萨斯大学的研究人员提出一个更大的观点。今年早些时候发表的一项研究,分析了一些现实生活中的伙 伴关系,并向几对人(恋人、朋友和熟人)询问了他们认为重要的态度、行为、价值观、偏见和人格特质量。(53/54-2) 对于上述问题的观点,那些关系更亲密的搭档不一定比新组成的搭档更相似,并且在测试中的每一个个人问题上, 人们几乎拥有共同之处。 (54-3)领导该研究的心理学家认为,这并非偶然发生的;它是如此的常见和普遍,因此当我们结交新朋友或 恋人时,寻求志趣相投的人可能是我们的心理缺陷。我们肯定会从这些关系中获得最大收益。它们让我们感觉更舒 适,并且更加信任他人,而这使取得合作和实现目标变得更容易。 (55)随着性格的深入,在将情绪不稳定和责任心程度等显著特质联系在一起时,伴侣们通常会更幸福。但这 并不意味着你和你的另一半需要在每件事上都达成一致。拥有不同的怪癖——你的性格中不那么典型的部分,比如 你最喜欢的运动和或食物——可以将你引入新的活动和思维方式,这会使你成为一个更全面的人。 详解详析: 51. 答案:A) 定位:由题干中的thesebigkeydemographicfactors和Line2,Para.3定位到第三段。 详解:语义理解题。第三段指出,一般而言,当我们思考相异是否相吸时,我们考虑的是性格方面,而不是上 述这些非常关键的本质特征,而上文提到研究表明,人们往往寻求与自己显著特征相似的伙伴关系,并最终结婚, 这些特征有年龄、政治倾向、宗教信仰、学历和收入等。由此推断,第三段中的thesebigkeydemographicfactors 是指代上文提到的这些相似的本质特征,故答案为A)。B)“这些相似的心理特征”,虽然原文第七段第一句和第二 个分句中提到了psychologicaldefault,但是指心理缺陷,而不是心理特征,故排除;C)“不同的文化因素”和D)“不同的地理因素”原文并未提及,故排除。 52. 答案:C) 定位:由题干中的VinitaMehta和collegestudents定位到第五段第一句。 详解:事实细节题。定位句指出,梅塔说道:“如果你是在大学校园里,一般来说,你会找年龄相仿的人”。 由此可知,维尼塔·梅塔认为大学生往往会与年龄相仿的人交朋友,故答案为C)。A)“宗教”,第二段提到人们也 会寻求与自己宗教相似的伙伴关系,但这是某项研究得出的结论,并不是维尼塔·梅塔的观点,故排除;B)“性格”, 第三段虽然提及该选项,但与大学生交朋友无关,故排除;D)“背景原文并未提及古排除 53. 答案:B) 定位:由题干中的theUniversityofKansas定位到第六段最后一句。 详解:推理判断题。第六段最后一句提到,堪萨斯大学的研究发现,对一些问题的观点,那些关系更亲密的搭 档不一定比新组成的搭档更相似。由此推出,搭档之间的相似度不一定会随着亲密度发生变化,故答案为B)。A) “受试者被问及与其搭档相关的问题“,由第六段第二句可知,该项研究确实向受试者询问了一些问题,但无法从 原文推断出这些问题是关于受试者自己还是他们的搭档,故排除;C)”受试者几乎在每一方面都有相同之处“,第 六段最后一句提到,该项研究发现在测试中的每一个个人问题上,人们几乎都拥有共同之处,而不是泛指所有方面, 故排除;D)“该现象是偶然发生的”,第七段第一句指出这并非偶然发生的,该选项与原文表述相反,故排除。 54. 答案:C) 定位:由题干中的thepassage定位到第二段、第六段最后一句和第七段第一句。 详解:推理判断题。第二段的研究表明人们往往寻求与自己显著特征相似的伙伴关系,并最终结婚;第六段中 堪萨斯大学的研究发现,受试者与搭档之间的相似度不受其亲密度的影响;第七段进一步强调堪萨斯大学的研究发 现具有必然性和普遍性,即人们在结交新朋友或恋人时,往往会寻求志趣相投的人。由此可知,作者虽然提及人们 会结识与自己显著特征相似的人,但这是第一项研究结果,并非作者列举研究的目的,故排除;B)“为了弄清楚我 们目前所处的人生阶段”和D)“为了介绍志趣相投的人能给我们带来好处”,虽然分别在原文第四段和第七段最后 两句有所提及,但不是作者所列举研究的目的,故排除。 55. 答案:D) 定位:由题干中的theauthor’sattitude和thesimilaritiesbetweencouples定位到最后一段。 详解:观点态度题。作者在最后一段第一句提到,随着性格的深入,在将情绪不稳定和责任心程度这样的主要 特征联系在一起时,伴侣们通常会更幸福。由此可知,作者认为性格主要特质的相似性有好处。紧接着第二句句首 的But表明句意发生了转折,该句指出这并不意味着你和你的另一半需要在每件事上都达成一致,并在第三句做出 了进一步的解释,拥有不同的怪癖可以将你引入新的活动和思维方式,这会使你成为一个更全面的人,这两句表明 作者认为伴侣之间存在不同也有好处。综上可以判断,作者对伴侣之间的相似之处持客观态度,故答案为D)。 Part Ⅳ Translation 参考译文 China’s diplomacy now stands at a new historical starting point. Never before has our country been so close to the centerof theworld stageas today;never beforehasourcountrysofullyparticipated invariouskindsofinternationalaffairs as today; never before has our country shouldered such important responsibilities for maintaining world peace and developmentastoday.Thenewstartingpointbringsalongthenewmission,andthenewsituationcreatesnewrequirements. China Foreign Affairs University being an institution of higher learning directly under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, its toppriorityisalwaystoserveournation’sdiplomacyatanygiventime. 难点注释 1.第一句中,“历史起点”可直译为historicalstartingpoint。 2.第二句是由三个排比句组成,翻译时要注意结构对称。在这三个分句中,时间状语“从来没有”均可译为never before,并置于句首,从而让句子形成部分倒装,谓语均使用现在完成时;比较状语“像今天这样”则都可译为astoday。 第一个分句中的谓语“接近”可译为动词短语becloseto; 第二个分句汇总的“全面”可译为副词fully;第三个分 句中的“承担”可译为shouldered/undertaken,“维护世界和平与发展”可译为maintainingworldpeaceanddevelopment。 3.第三句含有两个并列分句,谓语都是“带来”,翻译时为了避免重复可使用不同的动词短语bringalong和create。 4.最后一句中,主句是“第一要务都是为我们国家的外交事业服务”,翻译主语“第一要务”toppriority时可使用 增译法,增加物主代词its,使得译文在语法和语言形式上更符合译文习惯;“外交学院作为外交部的直属院校”可译成独立主格结构,相当于一个带有自己主语的状语从句,用来表示原因,其逻辑主语为 China ForeignAffairs University,Affairs,作定语,用来修饰表语aninstitutionofhigherlearning;时间状语“不论什么时候”则译为atany giventime,放置句尾。