2014 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60 分）
第一节
（共15 小题；每小题3 分，满分45 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity
Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create
artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows
what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the
Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special
ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students.
Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given.
Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing
ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information
are available at: http://cambridgesciencefestival.org.
21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?
A. School students B. Cambridge locals C. CSF winners D. MIT artists
22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?
A. On February 8th B. On March 10th C. On April 21st D. On March 15th
23. What type of writing is this text?
A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.
C. An announcement. D. An official report.
B
Passenger pigeons （旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.
Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the
sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion
passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,
making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had
already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was
seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were
abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial
hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw
large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in
restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had
been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to go
farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great
flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then,
no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United
States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human
care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in
September 1, 1914.
24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .
A. were the biggest bird in the world
B. lived mainly in the south of America
C. did great harm to the natural environment
第1页（共14页）
D. were the largest bird population in the US
25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ .
A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution
26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A. To seek pleasure B. To save other birds
C. To make money D. To protect crops
27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A. It was ignored by the public B. It was declared too late
C. It was unfair D. It was strict
C
A typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip （鞭）and a chair. The
whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important
work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of
the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to
do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the
man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something
you want to achieve（e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more）--- only to end up confused by all of
the options in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,
the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The
end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take
less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this:
All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is
one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to
accomplish, someone you want to become … take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you
want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A. To show off his skills. B. To trick the lion.
C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience.
29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things.
C. They find it hard to make changed. D. They have to do something for show.
30. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. Tolerant B. Doubtful C. Respectful D. Supportive
31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to .
A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits
C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance
D
As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other
languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world
today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations--- UNESCO and
National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the
cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and
oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of
Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his
experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include
other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But
he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
第2页（共14页）
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials---including
photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes---which had remained unstudied and were badly in
need of care and protection.
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya Project and the World
Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and
stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.
Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital
technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and
reconnected with speech communities.
32. Many scholars are making efforts to .
A. promote global language B. rescue disappearing languages
C. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations
33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Having full records of the languages.
B. Writing books on language teaching.
C. Telling stories about language users.
D. Living with the native speakers.
34. What is Turin’s book based on?
A. The cultural studies in India.
B. The documents available at Yale.
C. His language research in Bhutan.
D. His personal experience in Nepal.
35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?
A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward.
C. Design, experiment and report. D. Collect, protect and reconnect.
第二节 （共5 小题，每小题3 分，满分15 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.
36
By helping them develop classic skills that
will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1. Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious.
37
Ask kids, “What ingredients（配料）can we add to
make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the
pancakes better? What could we try next time?
2. Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38
There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create
something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.
3. Personal skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own
head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and
jumping to false conclusions.
39
“Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is
feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”
4. Self Expression
40
There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas---music, acting, drawing, building,
photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55 分）
第3页（共14页）
第一节 完形填空（共20 小题；每小题两分，满分40 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine（常规）
basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this
41
at work in people of all
42
. For example, on
Christmas morning, children are excited about
43
with their new toys. But their 44
soon wears off
and by January those 45
toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of
46
stamp
albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s
47
interest. When parents
bring home a pet, their child
48
bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the
49
of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great
50
but
are soon looking forward to
51
. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how
many
52
, who now complain（抱怨）about the long drives to work,
53
drove for hour at a
time when they first
54
their driver’s licenses （执照）? Before people retire, they usually
55
to
do a lot of
56
things, which they never had
57
to do while working. But 58
after
retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs
they
59
. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new
60
.
41. A. habit
B. principle
C. way
D. power
42. A. parties
B. races
C. countries
D. ages
43. A. working
B. living
C. playing
D. going
44. A. confidence
B. interest
C. anxiety
D. sorrow
45. A. same
B. extra
C. funny
D. expensive
46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. half-filled
D. newly-collected
47. A. broad
B. passing
C. different
D. main
48. A. silently
B. impatiently
C. worriedly
D. gladly
49. A. promise
B. burden
C. right
D. game
50. A. courage
B. calmness
C. confusion
D. excitement
51. A. graduation
B. independence
C. responsibility D. success
52. A. children
B. students
C. adults
D. retirees
53. A. carefully
B. eagerly
C. nervously
D. bravely
54. A. required
B. obtained
C. noticed
D. discovered
55. A. need
B. learn
C. plan
D. start
56. A. great
B. strange
C. difficult
D. correct
57. A. time
B. money
C. skills
D. knowledge
58. A. only
B. well
C. even
D. soon
59. A. lost
B. chose
C. quit
D. left
60. A. pets
B. toys
C. friends
D. colleagues．
第二节（共10 小题：每小题1.5 分，满分15 分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It
61
（be ）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it
62
（actual）
caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of
63
most outstanding examples of
environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
64
even a few months. It took years of work
65
（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water
in the river is
66
（clean）than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67
is driving your family
crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face
such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are
68
（amaze） stories of instant transformation, for most of us the
69
（change） are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be
70
（patience）.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35 分）
第一节 短文改错（共10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分）
第4页（共14页）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处
错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry
tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden. Since then --- for all these year --- we had been allowing
tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are
small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.
Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any
disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
第二节 书面表达（满分25 分）
假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周．下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该
校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：住宿—accommodation.
第5页（共14页）
2014 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）
参考答案与试题解析
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60 分）
第一节 （共15 小题；每小题3 分，满分45 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity
Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create
artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows
what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the
Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special
ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students.
Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given.
Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing
ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information
are available at: http://cambridgesciencefestival.org.
21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?
A. School students B. Cambridge locals C. CSF winners D. MIT artists
22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?
A. On February 8th B. On March 10th C. On April 21st D. On March 15th
23. What type of writing is this text?
A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.
C. An announcement. D. An official report.
【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是有关第六届剑桥科技节的通知，通知要求5 至14 岁的学生可以报名参加，参赛作品
可以是一张画、一篇文章、一张照片或一首诗，作品要能够鼓励人们探险世界．将在4 月21 日给优
秀作品颁奖．
【解答】ACC
21．A．细节理解题．根据文章第一段2，3 行The challenge invites, even dares school students between
the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them
to explore their world.可知，这个活动主要的参加对象是学校里的学生．故A 正确．
22．C．细节理解题．根据文章第三段Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as
winners will be honor at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. 可知，进入挑战赛并
获奖的同学将在4 月21 日的颁奖典礼上接受颁奖．故C 正确．
23．C．推理判断题．本文主要介绍了The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge 剑桥科技节
的很多信息，根据短文的内容及The program guidelines and other related information are available at:
http://cambridgesciencefestival.org.如果想了解更多的信息可以登陆这个网址．可推知这是一个通知，
属于应用文中的通知．也就是让别人知道这件重大活动的情况．故C 正确．
【点评】本文是广告布告类阅读，关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题意原文的异同，对于不能直接
找到根据的小题注意根据相关信息，进行推理分析．
B
Passenger pigeons （旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.
Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the
sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion
passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,
making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had
第6页（共14页）
already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was
seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were
abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial
hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw
large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in
restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had
been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to go
farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great
flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then,
no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United
States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human
care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in
September 1, 1914.
24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .
A. were the biggest bird in the world
B. lived mainly in the south of America
C. did great harm to the natural environment
D. were the largest bird population in the US
25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ .
A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution
26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A. To seek pleasure B. To save other birds
C. To make money D. To protect crops
27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A. It was ignored by the public B. It was declared too late
C. It was unfair D. It was strict
【考点】OC：人文地理类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．菁优网版权所有
【分析】文章主要讲述了旅鸽的灭绝的故事，由于人们警惕意识弱，相关法律出台太晚，最后一只旅
鸽也在100 年前死去．
【解答】DBCB
24．D．推理判断题．根据第二段的内容可知，据计算，旅鸽数量最多时，有30 多亿只，相当于美国鸟
类总数的24%
40%
﹣
．到1870 年，旅鸽的数量已经减少了，但是，有人在Cincinnati 附近看到鸽群的
规模为1 英里宽，320 英里长．由此可见，在18 至19 世纪，旅鸽的数量最多．第一段的第二句也是关
键信息．故选D．
25．B．词义猜测题．根据第三段的内容可知，旅鸽的数量巨大最终导致它们灭绝．undoing 意为"毁
灭"，与ruin 同义．故选B．
26．C．细节理解题．根据第三段可知，商业猎人用大网来围捕旅鸽，然后运到大城市卖给餐馆，由此
可见，人们捕杀旅鸽主要是为了赚钱．故选C．
27．B．推理判断题．根据最后一段的内容可知，1897 年密歇根州出台了法律，禁止捕杀旅鸽．那时，
人们已经十年没有看到大规模的旅鸽群出没．由此可知，保护旅鸽的法律出台太晚了．故选B．
【点评】本篇阅读理解主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力，学
生应该挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出结论．做题时要立足于文章整体，再迅速读一遍短文，短文中
的问题和答案的设置前后都是相关联的，有着一定的连续性，体现着文章的基本脉络．
C
A typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip （鞭）and a chair. The
whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important
work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of
the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to
do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the
man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something
you want to achieve（e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more）--- only to end up confused by all of
第7页（共14页）
the options in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,
the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The
end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take
less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this:
All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is
one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to
accomplish, someone you want to become … take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you
want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A. To show off his skills. B. To trick the lion.
C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience.
29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things.
C. They find it hard to make changed. D. They have to do something for show.
30. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. Tolerant B. Doubtful C. Respectful D. Supportive
31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to .
A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits
C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance
【考点】O5：科教类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇议论文．文章以驯兽师拿一把椅子在狮子面前，狮子感到困惑，呆立不动的例子
导入，其实我们人也一样，当面对多个选择时，不知该选哪一个，又怕选错了，因此往往进展很小，甚
至保持原样．文章旨在告诉我们当遇到多种选择时，要专注一件事，并下决心做下去．
【解答】AABC
28．A 考查细节理解．根据第一段中"When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion
tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time"可知，当驯兽师拿着椅子在狮子面前时，狮子
关注椅子的四条腿，因此椅子用是用来戏耍狮子的．故选A．
29．A 考查推理判断．根据第一段中的"With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure
about what to do next"可知，当注意力分散时，狮子开始变得困惑，人们跟狮子相似，也会困惑，不知
道该怎么做．故选A．
30．B 考查推理判断．根据第三段中"This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy
debating about which option is best"可知，专家们正忙于讨论哪一种选择是最好的，这令作者苦恼，因
此可以推断出作者对专家的态度是怀疑．故选B．
31．C 考查推理判断．根据第四段中"Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,
remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started."及"Starting before
you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people"可知，当你面前挥舞着一把椅子时，你要集中精
力做一件事，那就是开始下决心去做．成功的人的习惯之一就是在感觉准备好之前就开始行动，文
中的"take immediate action"与"make a quick decision"同义．故选C．
【点评】解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文
中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息
推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从
作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．
D
As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other
languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world
today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations--- UNESCO and
National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the
cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and
oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of
Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his
第8页（共14页）
experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include
other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But
he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials---including
photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes---which had remained unstudied and were badly in
need of care and protection.
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya Project and the World
Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and
stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.
Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital
technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and
reconnected with speech communities.
32. Many scholars are making efforts to .
A. promote global language B. rescue disappearing languages
C. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations
33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Having full records of the languages.
B. Writing books on language teaching.
C. Telling stories about language users.
D. Living with the native speakers.
34. What is Turin’s book based on?
A. The cultural studies in India.
B. The documents available at Yale.
C. His language research in Bhutan.
D. His personal experience in Nepal.
35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?
A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward.
C. Design, experiment and report. D. Collect, protect and reconnect.
【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于记叙文阅读，叙述了学者们如今正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些
语言．耶鲁大学的科学家Mark Turin 专门研究喜马拉雅山的语言和口述传统，并且根据他自己在尼
泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写了一本书．他不只是满足于把这些语言在灭绝前记录下来，他要把他们
挽救下来，并和现在的语言进行重新的连接．
【解答】BADD
32．B 细节理解题．根据第二段In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of
organizations---UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been
documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.可知许多学者正在努力记录濒临消失的语言
和文化，来挽救这些语言．故选B．
33．A 词义猜测题．根据第三段But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear
without record.可知这些语言在没有被记录前就要消失了，所以这些学者对这些语言做的是最早的
记录．故选A．
34．D 推理判断题．根据His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic
Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a
family in a village in Nepal.可知他的书是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄中的生活经历写的，故选D．
35．D 推理判断题．根据最后一段available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of
communities from whom the materials were originally collected. 以及Turin notes, the endangered
languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 可知Turin 的作品是从最初的材料
上进行的收集，他的作品使濒临危险的语言得到了保护，并且与言语重新连接．因此对他的作品做
好的描述是具有收集，保护和重新连接的作用．故选D．
【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进
行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章
事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
第二节 （共5 小题，每小题3 分，满分15 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.
36
By helping them develop classic skills that
第9页（共14页）
will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1. Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious.
37
Ask kids, “What ingredients（配料）can we add to
make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the
pancakes better? What could we try next time?
2. Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38
There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create
something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.
3. Personal skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own
head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and
jumping to false conclusions.
39
“Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is
feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”
4. Self Expression
40
There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas---music, acting, drawing, building,
photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
【考点】O5：科教类阅读；P9：配对阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要说明了如何帮孩子发展他们的技能，提出帮助孩子们为未来的
工作做好准备的一些建议：培养孩子的好奇心；培养孩子的创造力；培养孩子的个人能力；培养孩子
的表达思想的能力．
【解答】FACDG
36．F 推理判断题．根据第一段中的"The jobs of the future have not yet been invented"未来的工作还没
有发明出来．所以我们也不知道它们究竟是什么样子的．我们能做的就是让我们的孩子练好技能，
帮助他们发展最优秀的技能．所以上句应该怎样帮助为了他们未来的工作而做好准备．故选F．
37．A 推理判断题．根据第二段中的"What ingredients （配料）can we add to make these pancakes even
better next time?"可知，做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好，讲述的是做饭．是一项基本的技能，我们要鼓
励孩子和我们一起做饭，通过孩子的好奇心来培养这种基本的技能，故选A．
38．C 推理判断题．根据第三段中"True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create
something new"可知，真正的创造能力是从现存的东西里创造出新的东西的能力．所以我们给孩子
机会让他们用新的方法来考虑这些现有的事物，以此来培养他们的创造能力．故选C．
39．D 推理判断题．根据第四段中的三个问题"Why do you think she’s crying?" "Can you tell how that
man is feeling by looking at his face?" "If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?可知，孩
子怎样判断人的情感对他们来说是一个挑战，我们要让孩子思考别人的各种行为．以此培养他们理
解他人思想的能力，所以问一下故事里的有关问题可以培养孩子这方面的能力．故选D．
40．G 推理判断题．根据最后一段中的"music, acting, drawing, building, photography"可知，这些都
是我们表达自己思想的有效方法，能够让孩子有这些有效的方法进行表达思想也是一种很重要的技
巧．我们要培养孩子这方面的能力．故选G．
【点评】解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文
中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息
推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从
作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55 分）
第一节 完形填空（共20 小题；每小题两分，满分40 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine（常规）
basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this
41
at work in people of all
42
. For example, on
第10页（共14页）
Christmas morning, children are excited about
43
with their new toys. But their 44
soon wears off
and by January those 45
toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of
46
stamp
albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s
47
interest. When parents
bring home a pet, their child
48
bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the
49
of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great
50
but
are soon looking forward to
51
. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how
many
52
, who now complain（抱怨）about the long drives to work,
53
drove for hour at a
time when they first
54
their driver’s licenses （执照）? Before people retire, they usually
55
to
do a lot of
56
things, which they never had
57
to do while working. But 58
after
retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs
they
59
. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new
60
.
41. A. habit
B. principle
C. way
D. power
42. A. parties
B. races
C. countries
D. ages
43. A. working
B. living
C. playing
D. going
44. A. confidence
B. interest
C. anxiety
D. sorrow
45. A. same
B. extra
C. funny
D. expensive
46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. half-filled
D. newly-collected
47. A. broad
B. passing
C. different
D. main
48. A. silently
B. impatiently
C. worriedly
D. gladly
49. A. promise
B. burden
C. right
D. game
50. A. courage
B. calmness
C. confusion
D. excitement
51. A. graduation
B. independence
C. responsibility D. success
52. A. children
B. students
C. adults
D. retirees
53. A. carefully
B. eagerly
C. nervously
D. bravely
54. A. required
B. obtained
C. noticed
D. discovered
55. A. need
B. learn
C. plan
D. start
56. A. great
B. strange
C. difficult
D. correct
57. A. time
B. money
C. skills
D. knowledge
58. A. only
B. well
C. even
D. soon
59. A. lost
B. chose
C. quit
D. left
60. A. pets
B. toys
C. friends
D. colleagues．
【考点】L4：议论文．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇议论文．在人的一生中会有很多的兴趣爱好，但是当这些兴趣爱好成为经常做的
事情时，人们很快就会失去对它们的兴趣，转而寻找新的兴趣爱好了．作者在本文中通过不同年龄
的孩子，年轻人，成年人以及即将退休的人的例子告诉我们这个定理．
【解答】41-45 BDCBA 46-50 CCDBD 51-55 ACBBC 56-60 AADDB
41．B 考查名词辨析．从后文"As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are
performed on a routine（常规）basis."可知，这里指的是一个普遍的原理，故选B．
42．D 考查名词辨析．"people of all ages"表示"各个年龄的人"．故选D．
43．C 考查动词辨析．根据语境可知，小孩子很期待圣诞节的早上玩新的玩具，"playing with the new
toys"符合原文内容，故选C．
44．B 考查名词辨析．根据语境可知，但是孩子们的兴趣很快就消退了，故选B．
45．A 考查形容词辨析．这里玩具与前文中"children are excited about---with their new toys"的"their
new toys"相同，故选A．
46．C 考查形容词辨析．根据句子的结构，在"The world is full of stamp albums and unfinished
models"中and 的前后两部分应该对称，"half-filled stamp albums"和"unfinished models"分别表示"集
半满的邮册"和"未完成的模型"，在意思上对称，也本文中人们总是三分钟热度的思想，故选C．
47．C 考查形容词辨析．根据语境可知，"这个世界充满了集半满的邮册和未完成的模型，每一个都
是某些人短暂的兴趣的纪念"，故选C．
48．D 考查副词辨析．A 轻微地；B 不耐心地；C 担忧地；D 高兴地．此处表达的意思应该是当父母刚
把宠物带回家时，孩子们很兴奋地给宠物洗澡、刷毛，其他都与文意不符，故选D．
49．B 考查名词辨析．在"the of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents."中指的是照顾宠物
的重担转交给父母，应为burden，故选B．
50．D 考查名词辨析．根据语境可知，青少年刚进入高中时心情应该是无比激动和兴奋的，故选D．
51．A 考查名词辨析．根据"Adolescents enter high school with great but are soon looking forward
to."可知，青少年应该是刚进入高中很兴奋但是很快又期待着毕业，态度转变地很快并形成鲜明对比
第11页（共14页）
故选A．
52．C 考查名词辨析．由前文中提到了Adolescents 和youngadults，根据年龄阶段的变化以及文中抱
怨工作上的不满可以推断出此处应该是成年人，故选C．
53．B 考查副词辨析．A 细心地；B 渴望地，热切地；C 紧张地；D 勇敢地．根据文中的意思，此处应该
是在刚刚拿到驾照的时候人们会热切地在一个时间短驾驶很长时间，故选B．
54．B 考查动词辨析．根据"when they first their driver’s license"可知，用obtain 表示获得驾照，故选
B．
55．C 考查动词辨析．根据文中"Before people retire, they usually to do a lot of things"中可以推断，
人们应该是在退休前会计划做很多事情，其他的与原文不符，故选C．
56．A 考查形容词辨析．根据前文的意思可知，人们应该是会计划做很多很美好的事情，故选A．
57．A 考查名词辨析．在"which they never had to do while working."中可以看出，人们是在工作的时
候没有时间去完成他们计划的事情，其他的与文中意思不符，故选A．
58．D 考查副词辨析．在"But after retirement"中，用soon 表示"在退休不久之后"，符合原文的意思，
故选D．
59．D 考查动词辨析．从前文中"retirement"可以看出，人们是刚刚退休不久，所以应该是离开他们的
工作岗位，故选D．
60．B 考查名词辨析．从前文中"For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about with
their new toys."可以看出，孩子们应该是寻找新的玩具，与前文相照应，故选B．
【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选
出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读
几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定． 第三步，复查定稿．从
整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格
作最后选择．
第二节（共10 小题：每小题1.5 分，满分15 分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It
61
（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it
62
（actual）
caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of
63
most outstanding examples of
environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
64
even a few months. It took years of work
65
（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water
in the river is
66
（clean）than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67
is driving your family
crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face
such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are
68
（amaze） stories of instant transformation, for most of us the
69
（change） are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be
70
（patience）.
【考点】L4：议论文．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过借用凯霍加河以前污染非常严重，经过多年的努力，艰苦的工作终
于有了回报，河水变干净了的事实告诉我们：当你面对看起来不可能解决的事情时，要敢于想办法
慢慢解决，不能急躁，因为很多变化都是逐渐发生的，需要很多努力，我们需要耐心一点．
【解答】
61．was 考查动词过去时态和主谓一致．根据本段第一句In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the
Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio.可知，本段叙述的是过去发生的事情．the Cuyahoga River near
Cleveland, Ohio 在过去被污染地如此地严重，所以说过去没有人能够想象到这条河被清理干净．又
主语"It"为三单，故填was．
62．actually 考查副词用法．本句中使用副词actually 做状语修饰谓语动词caught fire, actual 是形容
词，不能在句中做状语，通常只做定语或者表语修饰名词．故填actually．
63．the 考查冠词．横线后是形容词最高级most outstanding，形容词最高级前要加the，故填the．
64．or 考查连词．从语境可知这条河流的改变不是几天或者几个月的事情．本句中的or"或者"表示
选择的意思．故填or．
65．to reduce 考查固定句式．固定句式：It takes sb sth to do sth 某人做某事花了多少时间；句中的不
定式to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water 是句子真正的主语．前面的it 是形式主语．
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故填to reduce．
66．cleaner 考查形容词比较级．横线后面有than，说明横线上应该使用比较级的形式．故填cleaner．
67．which/that 考查定语从句．本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词
that/which 指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略．故填which/that．
68．amazing 考查形容词不同形式用法．小技巧：凡是﹣ed 结尾的都是形容人的，表示"人感到…"，﹣
ing 结尾都是形容物的，表示"令人感到…"．此处修饰"stories 故事"，所以要用amazing．故填
amazing．
69．changes 考查名词复数．横线后面是系动词are，说明横线处主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所
以用changes．故填changes．change 既可以作名词也可以作动词，在此为名词．
70．patient 考查形容词．横线前面有系动词be，说明此处应用形容词，本句是一个祈使句be patient
耐心一点．patient 形容词，意为"耐心的"； patience 名词，意为"耐心"．故填patient．
【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字
母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语．
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35 分）
第一节 短文改错（共10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处
错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry
tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden. Since then --- for all these year --- we had been allowing
tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are
small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.
Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any
disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
【考点】NA：短文改错．菁优网版权所有
【分析】改错题要注意代词，连词以及词性、人称的转化．
做好短文改错题，可以从以下三方面去考虑：1．快速阅读短文，如抓住中心思想，从整体上对短文有
个了解． 2．充分运用语言的基础知识，从句型结构、词的变化、词类选择、词的搭配、习惯用法出发，
进行分析判断，尽快找出错误在何处． 3．重视整体和语境，从上下文关系中找出表达连接关系或逻
辑关系的词或词组，判断是递进关系还是转折关系，是因果关系还是让步关系．
【解答】Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I
ago of
planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果） in our back garden. Since then---for all these year---we had
been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As∧result, the
years have a
plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There
everywhere tasty
are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato
many
plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or
去掉but 或改为yet
insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
wonderful
【详解】
1. before 改为ago. 表示"多久以前"的固定结构为"时段+ago"所以题意中"五年前"应为"five years
ago"；
2. by 改为of. "在某人的帮助下"固定搭配为"with the help of sb."；
3. year 改为years. 前面限定词"these"提示表达的意思为"这些年"故year 用复数形式years；
4. had 改为have. 该句时间提示"since then"为自那以来，故该句应用现在完成进行时，结构为"have
been doing sth."；
5. As 和result 之间加a. 这里考查固定搭配"as a result"表示"因此"；
6. somewhere 改为everywhere. 该句意思为"圣女果四处繁殖"somewhere 意为"某处"，而everywhere
第13页（共14页）
意为"到处，四处，各处"；
7. taste 改为tasty. 该处要表达意思为"圣女果虽小但汁多且味美"由and 连接的并列成分前一个用的
是形容词 juicy，故其后也该用形容词tasty；
8. much 改为many. 这里指的是圣女果，是可数名词复数，故应该用many；
9. 去掉but 或改为yet. 表示"尽管…但是…"时although 无法与but 同时使用，但although 可以与表
示转折的yet 连用；
10. wonderfully 改为wonderful. 这里修饰的是tomatoes，故应该用形容词wonderful 作定语．
【点评】考生在做题时需理清文章的事理，注意词性、语态、时态的转换，分析句子结构．
第二节 书面表达（满分25 分）
假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周．下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该
校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：住宿—accommodation.
【考点】R3：图画类；S4：应用文．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于图表类作文，文章要写的重点内容反映在纯英文的图表中．写作要点：说明写信的
目的；询问：开课的时间和每周上课时间、班级大小、收费情况、住宿类型．在写作时，描述图片应以
第一人称和一般现在时态为主．重要短语：plan to do…．（计划去做某事），attend a summer school
（上暑假课），would like to do…．（想要做某事…．），know sth about sth（知道，了解…．），pay for…．
（付钱买…．），have to（不得不…．），look forward to doing （期望做…）．
【解答】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.（说
明写信的目的）I’ve seen your ad, and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English
course. First, when will the course start（上课时间）and how many class hours are there per week?（班级
大小） Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class.【高分句型】I’d also like to know
how much I have to pay for the course（收费情况）and whether accommodation is included（住宿类型）.
【高分句型】Would there be host family or university dormitory?
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
【点评】写作看图作文时，首先认真看图，结合图片和文字，确定所要表达的主题是什么，然后围绕主
题，提炼要点，合理想象，对译出的要点通过合理的组合，加上必要的连接词使表达连贯．同时也要
注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型．
第14页（共14页）
