ARTICLE · 1009308
紧贴热点 高中英语语法填空一则29期 厄尔尼诺现象(限免)

前言:
本专栏选材贴合热点时事或单元主题,拒绝无效刷题。每篇以训练除了直击高考语法考点,还配套完整语言点总结,梳理核心短语、拆解长难句式。做完一道题,吃透整篇文本,榨干短文全部价值,同步夯实语法、积累写作素材,实现高效提分。
语法填空一则29期
El Niño: A Natural Climate Phenomenon
El Niño is a well-known natural climate phenomenon closely 1._____(link) to the Pacific Ocean. The term, meaning "the little boy" or "Christ child" in Spanish, was coined centuries ago by South American fishermen 2.______ noticed unusually warm coastal waters which typically arrive around Christmas.
Under normal conditions, steady trade winds blow from east to west across the equatorial(赤道的) Pacific. These continuous winds push warm surface water toward the western Pacific, 3.______(keep) the eastern Pacific relatively cool due to the upwelling of deeper, colder water. However, during an El Niño event, these regular trade winds 4.______(weak) significantly. 5.______ this strong push, warm seawater flows back eastward and accumulates in the central and eastern Pacific. This unusual rise in sea surface temperature 6.______(break) the long-term balance between the ocean and the atmosphere.
El Niño does not occur 7.______(annual); it typically happens every two to seven years. 8.______ complete El Niño cycle usually lasts from several months to over a year. This oceanic shift not only alters the climate of Pacific coastal regions but also triggers significant weather changes across distant parts of the globe. For instance, some areas like South America may face torrential(倾泻的;如注的) rainfall and frequent floods, 9.______ others, such as Southeast Asia and Australia, often suffer from severe droughts and extreme heat. These extreme weather patterns can severely impact local agriculture, water resources, and daily lives.
Today, thanks to advancements in climate science, scientists can effectively monitor and forecast El Niño events.10.______(understand) this complex natural phenomenon is crucial, as it helps communities better prepare for extreme weather and reduce potential economic losses.

note:El Niño /ˌel ˈniːnjəʊ/ 厄尔尼诺
📝 参考答案
1.linked
2.who
3.keeping
4.weaken
5.Without
6.breaks
7.annually
8.A
9.while
10.Understanding
💡 详细解析
1. linked
考点:非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语)
解析:句意为“厄尔尼诺是一种与太平洋密切相关的自然气候现象”。此处 link 与逻辑主语 phenomenon 之间是被动关系(be linked to...),且句中已有谓语 is,故使用过去分词 linked 作后置定语。
2. who
考点:定语从句(关系代词)
解析:句意为“……由南美洲渔民创造的,他们注意到……”。此处 ______ noticed... 是修饰先行词 fishermen 的定语从句。从句中缺少主语,且先行词指人,故填关系代词 who。
注:这是您修改后的亮点,将原本生硬的非谓语改为了定语从句,考查了谓语动词的时态(noticed)和从句引导词,非常地道。
3. keeping
考点:非谓语动词(现在分词作结果状语)
解析:句意为“这些持续的风将温暖的表层海水推向西太平洋,使得东太平洋保持相对凉爽”。此处表示前面动作(push)带来的自然结果,且与主语 winds 之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词 keeping。
4. weaken
考点:谓语动词(时态与主谓一致)
解析:句意为“然而,在厄尔尼诺事件期间,这些常规的信风会显著减弱”。根据上下文 during an El Niño event 及全篇的一般现在时语境,此处描述客观规律,应用一般现在时。主语 trade winds 为复数,故填动词原形 weaken。
5. Without
考点:介词(语境逻辑)
解析:句意为“没有了这股强大的推力,温暖的海水就会向东回流……”。根据前文 trade winds weaken(信风减弱)可知,推力消失了。此处需填入表示“没有”的介词,且位于句首,首字母需大写,故填 Without。
6. breaks
考点:谓语动词(时态与主谓一致)
解析:句意为“这种海面温度的异常升高打破了海洋和大气之间长期的平衡”。描述客观事实,使用一般现在时。主语核心词 rise 为单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数 breaks。
7. annually
考点:词性转换(形容词 → 副词)
解析:句意为“厄尔尼诺并非每年发生”。此处修饰动词 occur,需用副词形式。annual 的副词为 annually。
8. A
考点:冠词
解析:句意为“一个完整的厄尔尼诺周期通常持续……”。cycle 是可数名词单数,此处表示泛指“一个周期”,且 complete 以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词 A。注意句首大写。
9. while
考点:连词(对比关系)
解析:句意为“南美洲可能面临洪水,而东南亚和澳大利亚则遭受干旱”。前后分句描述了厄尔尼诺在不同地区造成的截然相反的影响,表示对比或转折,故填连词 while。
10. Understanding
考点:非谓语动词(动名词作主语)
解析:句意为“理解这种复杂的自然现象至关重要”。此处动词 understand 在句中充当主语,需变为动名词形式 Understanding。注意句首大写。
一、核心高频短语
1. be linked to 与……有关联;与……相连(to是介词)
2. coin a term 创造一个术语、造词(coin 熟词生义:v. 创造,杜撰)
3. trade winds 信风(地理科普常考搭配)
4. surface water 表层水;地表水
5. due to 由于,因为(介词短语,后接名词/名词短语,不接句子)
6. upwelling of cold water 冷水上涌(海洋气候固定表达)
7. sea surface temperature 海面温度
8. break the balance 打破平衡(写作高频短语)
9. occur annually 每年发生(occur 替换 happen 高级词)
10. a cycle of … ……的周期
11. oceanic shift 海洋状态变动
12. trigger weather changes 引发天气变化(trigger 高考高级动词:引发、触发)
13. torrential rainfall 暴雨,强降雨
14. suffer from severe droughts 遭遇严重干旱
15. extreme weather patterns 极端天气模式
16. thanks to advancements in … 多亏……的进步(写作万能开头)
17. monitor and forecast events 监测并预测事件
18. be crucial for/to … 对……至关重要
19. prepare for extreme weather 应对极端天气
20. reduce economic losses 减少经济损失
二、特殊句式&高级表达(语法填空/写作提分重点)
1. 定语从句嵌套句式
原句:fishermen who noticed unusually warm coastal waters which typically arrive around Christmas.
知识点:双重定语从句
① who 修饰 fishermen(人);② which 修饰 waters(物)
高考考点:长难句拆分能力、关系代词选用
2. while 对比状语从句(高频对比句型)
原句:Some areas face floods, while others suffer from droughts.
知识点:while 表对比(然而),连接两种截然不同情况。

前言:
本专栏选材贴合热点时事或单元主题,拒绝无效刷题。每篇以训练除了直击高考语法考点,还配套完整语言点总结,梳理核心短语、拆解长难句式。做完一道题,吃透整篇文本,榨干短文全部价值,同步夯实语法、积累写作素材,实现高效提分。
语法填空一则29期
El Niño: A Natural Climate Phenomenon
El Niño is a well-known natural climate phenomenon closely 1._____(link) to the Pacific Ocean. The term, meaning "the little boy" or "Christ child" in Spanish, was coined centuries ago by South American fishermen 2.______ noticed unusually warm coastal waters which typically arrive around Christmas.
Under normal conditions, steady trade winds blow from east to west across the equatorial(赤道的) Pacific. These continuous winds push warm surface water toward the western Pacific, 3.______(keep) the eastern Pacific relatively cool due to the upwelling of deeper, colder water. However, during an El Niño event, these regular trade winds 4.______(weak) significantly. 5.______ this strong push, warm seawater flows back eastward and accumulates in the central and eastern Pacific. This unusual rise in sea surface temperature 6.______(break) the long-term balance between the ocean and the atmosphere.
El Niño does not occur 7.______(annual); it typically happens every two to seven years. 8.______ complete El Niño cycle usually lasts from several months to over a year. This oceanic shift not only alters the climate of Pacific coastal regions but also triggers significant weather changes across distant parts of the globe. For instance, some areas like South America may face torrential(倾泻的;如注的) rainfall and frequent floods, 9.______ others, such as Southeast Asia and Australia, often suffer from severe droughts and extreme heat. These extreme weather patterns can severely impact local agriculture, water resources, and daily lives.
Today, thanks to advancements in climate science, scientists can effectively monitor and forecast El Niño events.10.______(understand) this complex natural phenomenon is crucial, as it helps communities better prepare for extreme weather and reduce potential economic losses.

note:El Niño /ˌel ˈniːnjəʊ/ 厄尔尼诺
📝 参考答案
1.linked
2.who
3.keeping
4.weaken
5.Without
6.breaks
7.annually
8.A
9.while
10.Understanding
💡 详细解析
1. linked
考点:非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语)
解析:句意为“厄尔尼诺是一种与太平洋密切相关的自然气候现象”。此处 link 与逻辑主语 phenomenon 之间是被动关系(be linked to...),且句中已有谓语 is,故使用过去分词 linked 作后置定语。
2. who
考点:定语从句(关系代词)
解析:句意为“……由南美洲渔民创造的,他们注意到……”。此处 ______ noticed... 是修饰先行词 fishermen 的定语从句。从句中缺少主语,且先行词指人,故填关系代词 who。
注:这是您修改后的亮点,将原本生硬的非谓语改为了定语从句,考查了谓语动词的时态(noticed)和从句引导词,非常地道。
3. keeping
考点:非谓语动词(现在分词作结果状语)
解析:句意为“这些持续的风将温暖的表层海水推向西太平洋,使得东太平洋保持相对凉爽”。此处表示前面动作(push)带来的自然结果,且与主语 winds 之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词 keeping。
4. weaken
考点:谓语动词(时态与主谓一致)
解析:句意为“然而,在厄尔尼诺事件期间,这些常规的信风会显著减弱”。根据上下文 during an El Niño event 及全篇的一般现在时语境,此处描述客观规律,应用一般现在时。主语 trade winds 为复数,故填动词原形 weaken。
5. Without
考点:介词(语境逻辑)
解析:句意为“没有了这股强大的推力,温暖的海水就会向东回流……”。根据前文 trade winds weaken(信风减弱)可知,推力消失了。此处需填入表示“没有”的介词,且位于句首,首字母需大写,故填 Without。
6. breaks
考点:谓语动词(时态与主谓一致)
解析:句意为“这种海面温度的异常升高打破了海洋和大气之间长期的平衡”。描述客观事实,使用一般现在时。主语核心词 rise 为单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数 breaks。
7. annually
考点:词性转换(形容词 → 副词)
解析:句意为“厄尔尼诺并非每年发生”。此处修饰动词 occur,需用副词形式。annual 的副词为 annually。
8. A
考点:冠词
解析:句意为“一个完整的厄尔尼诺周期通常持续……”。cycle 是可数名词单数,此处表示泛指“一个周期”,且 complete 以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词 A。注意句首大写。
9. while
考点:连词(对比关系)
解析:句意为“南美洲可能面临洪水,而东南亚和澳大利亚则遭受干旱”。前后分句描述了厄尔尼诺在不同地区造成的截然相反的影响,表示对比或转折,故填连词 while。
10. Understanding
考点:非谓语动词(动名词作主语)
解析:句意为“理解这种复杂的自然现象至关重要”。此处动词 understand 在句中充当主语,需变为动名词形式 Understanding。注意句首大写。
一、核心高频短语
1. be linked to 与……有关联;与……相连(to是介词)
2. coin a term 创造一个术语、造词(coin 熟词生义:v. 创造,杜撰)
3. trade winds 信风(地理科普常考搭配)
4. surface water 表层水;地表水
5. due to 由于,因为(介词短语,后接名词/名词短语,不接句子)
6. upwelling of cold water 冷水上涌(海洋气候固定表达)
7. sea surface temperature 海面温度
8. break the balance 打破平衡(写作高频短语)
9. occur annually 每年发生(occur 替换 happen 高级词)
10. a cycle of … ……的周期
11. oceanic shift 海洋状态变动
12. trigger weather changes 引发天气变化(trigger 高考高级动词:引发、触发)
13. torrential rainfall 暴雨,强降雨
14. suffer from severe droughts 遭遇严重干旱
15. extreme weather patterns 极端天气模式
16. thanks to advancements in … 多亏……的进步(写作万能开头)
17. monitor and forecast events 监测并预测事件
18. be crucial for/to … 对……至关重要
19. prepare for extreme weather 应对极端天气
20. reduce economic losses 减少经济损失
二、特殊句式&高级表达(语法填空/写作提分重点)
1. 定语从句嵌套句式
原句:fishermen who noticed unusually warm coastal waters which typically arrive around Christmas.
知识点:双重定语从句
① who 修饰 fishermen(人);② which 修饰 waters(物)
高考考点:长难句拆分能力、关系代词选用
2. while 对比状语从句(高频对比句型)
原句:Some areas face floods, while others suffer from droughts.
知识点:while 表对比(然而),连接两种截然不同情况。
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