大学英语四级阅读真题多维拓展06

试题来源：2020年12月第3套第2篇

难度系数：5.69

维度1：真题再现（阅读理解）

The terms“global warming”and“climate change”are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do theyreally mean the same thing?

Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter theplanet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.

In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term “climate change”in an article published by Science. In1979, a National Academy of Sciences report used the term“global warming”to define increases in the Earth’s averagesurface temperature, while climate change more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase, such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification(酸化).

During the followingdecades, some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the mind of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence theplanet’s climate.

World use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example, the language and polls expert Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of “climate change”because the phrase sounded less scary than“global warming”, reported Guardian. 

However, Luntz’s recommendation wasn’t necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart shows that by 1993 climatechange was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both wordswere used more frequently, and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming.

NASA used the term“climate change” because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planetcaused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The debate isn’t new. A century ago, chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential forhumans to influence the planet’s climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth’satmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that humans weren’t producing enough greenhouse gases,while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior iswarming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.

1)Why did politicians use the two terms“global warming” and“climate change”?

A) To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.

B) To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.

C) To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.

D) To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.

2) As used in a National Academy of Sciences report, the term“climate change”differs from global warmingin that_______. 

A)it sounds less vague

B)it looks more scientific

C) it covers more phenomena

D) it is much closer to reality

3)What did industrialists of the late 20th century resort to in order to mislead Americans?

A)Made-up survey results.

B) Hired climate experts.

C) False research findings.

D) Deliberate choice of words.

4) Why did NASA choose the term “climate change”?

A) To obtain more funds.

B)For greater precision.

C) For political needs.

D) To avoid debate.

5) What is the author’s final conclusion?

A) Global warming is the more accurate term.

B)Accuracy of terminology matters in science.

C)Human activities have serious effects on Earth.

D) Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.

维度2：语块快递

1)to shape the history of the terms 影响这些术语的演变历程

2)to define increases in the Earth’s average surface temperature 界定地球地表平均温度的升高（现象）

3)to launch a campaignto sow doubt inthe mind of the American public发起一场运动，在美国民众心中散播疑虑

4)to play a critical role indeveloping that doubt在助长这种疑虑方面起到关键作用

5)Climate change was used nearly twice as often asglobal warming.“气候变化”一词的使用频次几乎是“全球变暖”的两倍。

6)to reflectthe wide range ofchanges反映各类纷繁复杂的变化；反映大范围的变化

7)the first debates overthe potential for humans to influencethe planet’s climate围绕人类有可能影响地球气候这一问题的早期争论

8)to trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere在地球大气内锁住热量

9)with grave consequences ahead严峻后果接踵而至

维度3：语法点拨

语法点：介词with+宾语+宾语补足语

介词with的复合宾语结构，在句中作状语（伴随、原因、时间、条件）或后置定语，其否定形式是用without代替with。该结构的关键点是：宾语是名词或代词，后面接用不定式、V-ing分词、V-ed分词、形容词、副词、介词短语和名词。

She emerged from the scandal with her reputation intact.丑闻过后，她安然无恙，名声丝毫未受影响。

He fell asleep, with the TV on.电视开着，他睡着了。

With grave consequences ahead, we must take action. 未来将会出现严峻后果，我们必须采取行动。

The girl with a bookin her handis my student. 手里拿着一本书的女孩是我的学生。（with结构做后置定语，修饰the girl）

She fell into deep thought with so manypeople around her．她沉思起来，‚周围有许多人陪着。

With pricesrising fast, many families feel pressure. 随着物价快速上涨，很多家庭感到压力。

He wasarrested at the airport with a kilo of heroin secreted in his clothing. 他在机场被捕，衣服里藏着一公斤海洛因。

With much workto do, I can’t go out tonight. 还有大量工作要做，我今晚不能外出。

With her a famous expert, the project got wide-spread attention. 有她作为知名专家，这个项目获得了广泛关注。

维度4：写译句型

句型：some......while others引导的对比型并列句

some...... while others ......引导对比型并列句，while 是并列连词，意为 “而”，连接两个独立分句，用于列举对立、不同观点，是议论文写作的高分句型。请看阅读段落中的句子：Some argued that humans weren’t producing enough greenhouse gases,while others claimed the effects would be tiny.（一些人认为人类排放的温室气体总量不足，而另一些人则声称其影响微乎其微）。

值得注意的是，句型中的some是代词，后面不用名词；some也可以用作限定词，后面加上people这样的名词；同时，others前面的while可换为whereas。请看下面的作文段落：

1）As opposed to the extensive use of weapons in the US, people in the UK, even the police are not allowed to take guns. Some peopleargue that it may trigger off insecurity of city dwellers, whereas othersassert that it can eliminate the whole violence in the society. Hereby, I would like to discuss both perspectives in the following paragraphs.

2）Nowadays, there are more and more adventures like bungee jumping and rock climbing, which enjoy great popularity especially among the youth. Some peopleargue that such activities are too risky so they never venture to try, while others insist that these activities do more good than harm and should be encouraged. As for me, I agree with the latter. 

如果要引出第三组人群的意见，我们可使用some......others......still others......这种结构。例如：

Life is not always full of joys and flowers. There are inevitable setbacks in every person’s life. Some peoplefeel so depressed about the setbacks that they fall into pessimism; otherslay the blame on others, society or circumstances; stillothersare frightened by setbacks and give up halfway. All of these people don’t make use of their wisdom and abilities to overcome difficulties and become losers of life. 

维度5：词汇节点

节点单词词尾：以字母-ation结尾的单词（3）

该阅读段落中有两个单词以字母-ation结尾：acidification和deforestation。前者是是单词acidify（酸化）的派生名词，后者的词根是forest。先请看包含这两个名词的语块或例句：

the problem of ocean acidification海洋酸化的问题

Several factors can lead to acidificationof soils. 几个因素可能导致土壤酸化。

Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation. 发达国家在解决森林采伐问题上没有什么作为。

Hundreds of tree species face extinction because of deforestation. 由于森林砍伐，很多树种濒临灭绝。

在第04期和第05期，我们学习了以字母-ation结尾的单词，下面是第三组以字母-ation结尾的单词。

以字母-ation结尾的单词（3）：

 汉译英练习

请使用with结构将下面的句子翻译成英语。

1）由于机器噪音太大，我的精力难以集中在工作上。

2）他们住在乡村小屋，门前玫瑰环绕。

3）牢记老师的教导，学生们克服了学习中的许多困难。

参考答案

阅读理解

汉译英参考译文

1）I can’t concentrate on my work with so many machines making so much noise．

2）They live in a country cottage, with roses around the door.

3）With the teacher’s instruction kept in mind, the students overcame many difficulties in their study.