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ai4protein论文推荐 | 2026-04-18

ai4protein论文推荐 | 2026-04-18

今日相关 / Relevant Today

AI4Protein 前沿追踪

1. 基于热力学的机器学习揭示药物与 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 假结结合机制
Date: 2026-04-16
Authors: Mariia Ivonina, Jakub Rydzewski

AI 深度解读

本研究针对 SARS-CoV-2 假结 RNA 的结构动力学特性及其与氟喹诺酮类抗生素(如 Merafloxacin 及其类似物)的识别机制展开探讨。研究首先基于 NAKB 数据库获取的两种不同折叠拓扑(穿线型 RT 与非穿线型 RU)的冷冻电镜结构,构建了包含 78 个核苷酸的核心序列模型,并补充了边界核苷酸以维持天然折叠状态。在计算方法上,研究提出了一种基于谱损失(Spectral Loss)的变分自编码器框架,通过计算对称共轭矩阵的特征值分解来定义损失函数,旨在从分子动力学模拟轨迹中提取能够捕捉系统最慢动力学过程的集体变量(CVs)。该方法结合了累积谱权重损失、去相关损失以及图拉普拉斯正则化项,并引入权重矩阵正交性约束以稳定训练并防止尺度坍塌,从而确保提取的 CVs 能真实反映长时程动力学特征而非仅仅是数值缩放。研究选取了具有特定核心结构的氟喹诺酮类化合物作为配体,旨在揭示其抑制 -1 程序性核糖体移码(-1 PRF)的分子机制,为针对 RNA 靶点的抗病毒药物设计提供理论依据。

中文摘要

摘要:SARS-CoV-2 RNA 假结是抗病毒干预的潜在靶点,因为它调控 -1 程序性核糖体移码(-1 PRF)的效率,而该机制对于病毒蛋白合成至关重要。假结是由螺旋茎组成的病毒 RNA 序列,可采取两种长寿命构象拓扑结构:穿线型和非穿线型。配体诱导的该折叠结构的扭曲被认为构成了 -1 PRF 对小分子抑制剂敏感性的基础。要从无偏分子动力学(MD)模拟中解析这些扭曲,需要能够隔离 RNA-配体系统中最慢动态模式、排除高频波动的集体变量(CVs)。在此,我们利用谱图(SM)——一种热力学驱动的机器学习方法,直接从 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 假结与 -1 PRF 抑制剂马拉氟沙星(merafloxacin)及其两种相关类似物的复合物 MD 轨迹中学习此类 CVs。我们考察了穿线型和非穿线型两种假结拓扑结构,并考虑了生理 pH 条件下相关的中性及离子化配体形式。自由能景观显示,配体诱导的失稳具有拓扑选择性:马拉氟沙星及其类似物使穿线型假结中的 S2 茎失稳,而在非穿线型假结中,失稳则转移至 S1 和 S3 茎。我们发现,马拉氟沙星的两性离子形式独特地使原本缺乏特征的非穿线型假结表现出缓慢动力学。此外,在同一 RNA 拓扑结构中,马拉氟沙星的中性与两性离子形式在作用机制上存在定性差异。总体而言,这些结果阐明了假结拓扑结构、配体类型及质子化状态如何塑造病毒 RNA 的缓慢构象动力学,并确立了生理质子化状态作为建模 RNA 靶向药物作用的关键因素。

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原文

Unraveling the Mechanism of Drug Binding to SARS-CoV-2 RNA Pseudoknot with Thermodynamics-Driven Machine Learning

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 RNA pseudoknot is a promising target for antiviral intervention, as it regulates the efficiency of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF), a mechanism that is essential for viral protein synthesis. The pseudoknot represents a viral RNA sequence composed of helical stems that adopts two long-lived topologies, threaded and unthreaded. Ligand-induced distortion of this fold is thought to underlie the susceptibility of -1 PRF to small-molecule inhibitors. Resolving these distortions from unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) requires collective variables (CVs) that isolate the slowest dynamic modes of the RNA--ligand system from the high-frequency fluctuations. Here, we use spectral map (SM), a thermodynamics-driven machine-learning method, to learn such CVs directly from MD trajectories of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA pseudoknot in complex with the -1 PRF inhibitor merafloxacin and two related analogs. We examine both threaded and unthreaded pseudoknot topologies and consider the neutral and ionized ligand forms relevant at physiological pH. Free-energy landscapes show that ligand-induced destabilization is topology-selective: merafloxacin and its analogs destabilize the S2 stem in the threaded pseudoknot, whereas in the unthreaded pseudoknot, destabilization shifts to the S1 and S3 stems. We find that the zwitterionic form of merafloxacin uniquely imposes slow dynamics on the otherwise featureless unthreaded pseudoknot. Furthermore, the neutral and zwitterionic forms of merafloxacin differ qualitatively in their mechanisms within the same RNA topology. Overall, these results clarify how pseudoknot topology, ligand type, and protonation state shape the slow conformational dynamics of viral RNA and establish physiological protonation as an essential factor for modeling RNA-targeted drug action.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.14906

2. 基于功能监督的蛋白质单元发现
Date: 2026-04-16
Authors: Gökçe Uludoğan, Buse Giledereli, Elif Ozkirimli et al.

AI 深度解读

该研究提出了一种名为 PUFFIN 的深度学习框架,旨在通过联合优化结构信息与功能监督来发现具有生物学意义的蛋白质功能单元。研究首先将蛋白质结构构建为残基水平的接触图,融合序列特征、几何描述符及预训练的 ESM-1b 嵌入,利用图注意力网络(GAT)提取上下文信息。核心创新在于引入基于最小割(MinCut)的池化策略,在功能预测的监督下将残基划分为空间局域化的功能单元,并通过图粗化与单元级消息传递进一步精炼单元表征。模型采用联合损失函数,平衡功能分类任务(预测基因本体 GO 术语)与结构分割目标。训练完成后,对提取的单元嵌入进行聚类分析,并通过富集分析将功能单元与特定的生物学功能(如锌离子结合、氧化还原酶活性等)建立关联。该方法不仅实现了从结构到功能的端到端学习,还揭示了蛋白质内部功能模块的潜在组织规律,为理解蛋白质结构与功能的映射关系提供了新的视角。

中文摘要

摘要:蛋白质通过由结构排列组织的残基群协同作用来执行生物功能。我们将这些排列称为蛋白质单元,它们处于中间尺度,大于单个残基但小于整个蛋白质。通过识别这些单元及其与功能的关联,可以更深入地理解蛋白质功能。然而,现有方法要么专注于残基水平的信号,要么依赖人工整理的注释,要么在不结合功能信息的情况下对蛋白质结构进行分段,从而限制了结构 - 功能关系的可解释性分析。我们提出了 PUFFIN,这是一个数据驱动的框架,用于通过联合学习结构划分和功能监督来发现蛋白质单元。PUFFIN 将蛋白质表示为残基水平的结构图,并应用一种具有结构感知池化机制的图神经网络,将每个蛋白质划分为多残基单元,同时利用功能监督来塑造该划分。我们表明,学习到的单元在结构上具有连贯性,表现出与分子功能的有序关联,并与人工整理的 InterPro 注释具有有意义的对应关系。总之,这些结果表明,PUFFIN 提供了一个可解释的框架,用于利用学习到的蛋白质单元及其统计功能关联来分析结构 - 功能关系。我们已将源代码发布于 https://github.com/boun-tabi-lifelu/puffin。

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原文

PUFFIN: Protein Unit Discovery with Functional Supervision

Abstract: Proteins carry out biological functions through the coordinated action of groups of residues organized into structural arrangements. These arrangements, which we refer to as protein units, exist at an intermediate scale, being larger than individual residues yet smaller than entire proteins. A deeper understanding of protein function can be achieved by identifying these units and their associations with function. However, existing approaches either focus on residue-level signals, rely on curated annotations, or segment protein structures without incorporating functional information, thereby limiting interpretable analysis of structure-function relationships. We introduce PUFFIN, a data-driven framework for discovering protein units by jointly learning structural partitioning and functional supervision. PUFFIN represents proteins as residue-level structure graphs and applies a graph neural network with a structure-aware pooling mechanism that partitions each protein into multi-residue units, with functional supervision that shapes the partition. We show that the learned units are structurally coherent, exhibit organized associations with molecular function, and show meaningful correspondence with curated InterPro annotations. Together, these results demonstrate that PUFFIN provides an interpretable framework for analyzing structure-function relationships using learned protein units and their statistical function associations. We made our source code available at https://github.com/boun-tabi-lifelu/puffin.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.14796

3. 一种用于聚合物分子热力学建模的生成式框架
Date: 2026-04-15
Authors: Alessio Valentini, David Pekker, Chungwen Liang et al.

AI 深度解读

该研究提出了一种名为 Polyformer 的模型,旨在通过引入温度调制机制来生成蛋白质构象系综。模型核心创新在于设计了双信号调制架构:利用零初始化的线性投影实现时间步长(timestep)门控,确保训练初期的稳定性;同时采用随机初始化的线性投影实现温度调制,使模型能直接学习不同温度下的构象变化。在结构上,温度信号作用于子层输入,而时间步长信号作用于子层输出,两者在缩放和偏移参数上以乘积和加法形式复合。损失函数由平移、旋转、Chi 角损失以及两种形式的 LDDT 损失(平滑 LDDT 用于防止结构碎片化,系综 LDDT 用于监督温度依赖的构象变化)组成。实验基于 mdCATH 数据集训练,结果显示 Polyformer 能有效生成随温度变化的蛋白质构象系综,在定性比较中展现出与分子动力学模拟相似的能力,为蛋白质结构预测提供了新的温度感知范式。

中文摘要

结构生物学的经典范式认为,生物大分子(如蛋白质、核酸、脂质等)的序列决定了其构象(形状),进而决定其生物学功能。AlphaFold 等蛋白质折叠程序通过给定定义分子的序列来预测其单一最佳构象,从而解决了这一范式问题。然而,生物大分子并非静态结构,其构象系综决定了其功能。我们提出了 Polyformer——一种用于聚合物分子热力学建模的生成式框架。给定序列和温度(或其他热力学变量),Polyformer 能够生成忠实于分子热力学构象系综的构象。它是首个同时解决三个问题的生成式模型:分子如何折叠、其构象系综为何,以及当物理温度变化时构象系综如何演变。作为一个具体测试案例,我们将 Polyformer 应用于包含 50 至 111 个残基的蛋白质结构域,并报告模型预测与分子动力学(MD)轨迹结果高度一致。

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原文

Polyformer: a generative framework for thermodynamic modeling of polymeric molecules

Abstract: The classic paradigm of structural biology is that the sequence of a biomolecule (protein, nucleic acid, lipid, etc) determines its conformation (shape) which determines its biological function. Protein folding programs like AlphaFold address this paradigm by predicting the single best conformation given a sequence that defines the molecule. However, biomolecules are not static structures, and their conformational ensemble determines their function. We present the Polyformer -- a generative framework for thermodynamic modeling of polymeric molecules. Given the sequence and temperature (or another thermodynamic variable), the Polyformer generates conformations faithful to the molecule's thermodynamic conformational ensemble. It is the first generative model that solves three problems simultaneously: how does a molecule fold, what is its conformational ensemble, and how does the conformational ensemble change as we change physical temperature. As a concrete test case, we apply Polyformer to protein domains with 50-111 residues and report good agreement of model predictions to Molecular Dynamics (MD) trajectories.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.14241

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ArXiv 高热度精选

4. 网络控制系统中的最优切换:有限时域
Date: 2026-03-29
Authors: Abdullah Y. Etcibasi, C. Emre Koksal, Eylem Ekici

AI 深度解读

本文针对存在固定时延 τ≥1 的网络控制系统,研究了在最优控制器设计下的优化问题 P_1 及其等价形式 P_2。研究指出,虽然标准分离原理允许将控制与调度解耦,但在一般调度策略下,由于调度决策与系统噪声之间存在统计耦合,导致状态估计误差无法独立于控制输入,从而破坏了分离原理。为此,文中定义了‘对称策略’子类,即要求累积扰动相对于控制器信息保持条件零均值。研究证明,除非施加对称性约束,否则统计耦合将阻碍估计误差的解耦。最终,该部分为后续章节奠定基础,不仅揭示了分离原理成立的精确条件,还严格证明了在对称策略下,这些策略在统计意义上是最优的,从而超越了以往仅作为建模便利的假设,确立了其在事件触发控制文献中的核心地位。

中文摘要

摘要:本文首先证明了在独立同分布且均值为零的对称分布扰动下,切换线性二次型调节器(LQR)问题的分离原理成立。随后,我们求解了动态规划问题,表明最优切换策略是基于最近一次更新以来累积扰动的对称阈值规则,而最优控制器则为与切换策略无关的折扣线性反馈律。

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原文

Optimal Switching in Networked Control Systems: Finite Horizon

Abstract: In this work, we first prove that the separation principle holds for switched LQR problems under i.i.d. zero-mean disturbances with a symmetric distribution. We then solve the dynamic programming problem and show that the optimal switching policy is a symmetric threshold rule on the accumulated disturbance since the most recent update, while the optimal controller is a discounted linear feedback law independent of the switching policy.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.27833

5. 利用智能手机摄像头对生物/化学浓度进行定量测量
Date: 2026-03-28
Authors: Zhendong Cao, Hongji Dai, Zhida Li et al.

AI 深度解读

本研究开发了一种基于智能手机的荧光测量系统,旨在通过图像分析技术实现对未知样品浓度的精确反演。研究首先利用已知浓度的标准样品建立数据库,涵盖通道比率(G/B ratio)与灰度值两种测量模式,并通过 ImageJ 软件提取感兴趣区域(ROI)的平均 RGB 值进行数据处理。实验选取了荧光素(Fluorescein)、RNA Mango、均质牛奶及酿酒酵母四种不同性质的样品进行验证。在荧光素测试中,研究发现高浓度下灰度值法受内滤效应影响出现信号下降,而 G/B 比率法对此不敏感,因此将检测上限设定为 10μM;对比两种方法,灰度值法在浓度映射上表现出更高的精度。针对 RNA Mango 的测试显示,该系统在 20nM 处具备检测限,但灰度值法的重复误差略高于 G/B 比率法。对于牛奶和酵母等胶体溶液,研究证实了散射效应导致的颜色变化可用于浓度检测,且两种测量方法在宽范围内均能保持稳定的检测性能。最终,研究通过拟合曲线推导出了基于系统输出值反推浓度的数学模型,证明了该智能手机成像系统在不同介质和浓度梯度下均具备可靠的定量分析能力。

中文摘要

摘要:本文提出了一种基于智能手机的成像系统,能够定量分析多种生物/化学检测样品的浓度。其主要目标是构建一个图像数据库,以表征生物/化学检测样品的颜色信息与浓度之间的关系。为此,我们设计了一套专用光学装置,并结合图像处理与数据分析技术加以实现。通过对包括荧光素、RNA Mango、均质牛奶和酵母在内的多种选定检测样品开展的一系列实验表明,所提出的系统在估算荧光物质和胶体混合物的浓度方面,性能可与当前常用的商用及实验室仪器相媲美。此外,借助智能手机的摄像头和计算能力,未来的发展可致力于构建极度紧凑、低成本且便携的分析与诊断系统,从而使得在偏远或贫困地区开展实验和检测成为可能。

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原文

Quantitative measurements of biological/chemical concentrations using smartphone cameras

Abstract: This paper presents a smartphone-based imaging system capable of quantifying the concentration of an assortment of biological/chemical assay samples. The main objective is to construct an image database which characterizes the relationship between color information and concentrations of the biological/chemical assay sample. For this aim, a designated optical setup combined with image processing and data analyzing techniques was implemented. A series of experiments conducted on selected assays, including fluorescein, RNA Mango, homogenized milk and yeast have demonstrated that the proposed system estimates the concentration of fluorescent materials and colloidal mixtures comparable to currently used commercial and laboratory instruments. Furthermore, by utilizing the camera and computational power of smartphones, eventual development can be directed toward extremely compact, inexpensive and portable analysis and diagnostic systems which will allow experiments and tests to be conducted in remote or impoverished areas.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.27118

6. 面向大语言模型位翻转错误的可扩展故障定位与恢复
Date: 2025-12-18
Authors: Muhammad Zeeshan Karamat, Sadman Saif, Christiana Chamon Garcia

AI 深度解读

本文针对大语言模型(LLM)面临的比特翻转攻击,提出了一种名为 BitFlipScope 的可扩展故障定位与恢复框架。研究首先通过敏感性分析识别关键权重,并引入基于比特翻转编码的检测机制,利用汉明距离监控异常。针对现有方案无法精确定位故障位或仅适用于小规模模型的问题,该框架在无需重训练、不依赖辅助神经元或预嵌入容错结构的前提下,实现了攻击后的故障定位与恢复。

方法论上,框架区分了两种部署场景:一是差分设置,即拥有干净的参考模型副本,通过激活发散进行块级和层级的故障定位,再结合哈希引导的小子集张量比较来降低 I/O 开销;二是自参照设置,即仅能访问受损模型,利用 Transformer 架构的残差连接特性,通过调节残差贡献因子来推断异常计算模式,从而在无外部参考的情况下实现故障识别。在恢复机制方面,框架在差分设置下支持细粒度(层/比特级)定位,而在自参照设置下支持块级识别,旨在为受损模型开发新的恢复策略,有效应对比特翻转攻击带来的性能退化问题。

中文摘要

摘要:部署于实际及高安全要求场景的大语言模型(LLMs)正日益受到由硬件老化、宇宙辐射或故意故障注入攻击(如行锤攻击)引起的比特翻转故障的影响。这些故障会静默地破坏内部参数,进而导致模型行为出现不可预测或危险的情况。定位这些破坏至关重要:若不识别出受影响的区域,则无法诊断退化源头、采取针对性的纠正措施,或在不依赖昂贵微调或完全重新训练的情况下恢复模型功能。本文提出了 BitFlipScope,这是一个可扩展的软件框架,用于在两种部署场景下识别 Transformer 架构中受故障影响的区域。当存在干净的参考模型时,BitFlipScope 通过对输出、隐藏状态和内部激活进行差异分析,以检测指示破坏的异常行为,从而精确定位或定位故障;当不存在参考模型时,它利用残差路径扰动和损失敏感性分析,直接从受损模型中推断出受故障影响的区域。在这两种情况下,该框架不仅实现了有效的故障诊断,还支持无需微调的轻量级性能恢复,为恢复受损模型提供了一条切实可行的路径。综上所述,这些能力使 BitFlipScope 成为迈向在易受硬件故障和对抗性环境中实现可信、容错大语言模型部署的重要一步。

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原文

BitFlipScope: Scalable Fault Localization and Recovery for Bit-Flip Corruptions in LLMs

Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in practical and safety-critical settings are increasingly susceptible to bit-flip faults caused by hardware degradation, cosmic radiation, or deliberate fault-injection attacks such as Rowhammer. These faults silently corrupt internal parameters and can lead to unpredictable or dangerous model behavior. Localizing these corruptions is essential: without identifying the affected region, it is impossible to diagnose the source of degradation, apply targeted corrective measures, or restore model functionality without resorting to costly fine-tuning or full retraining. This work introduces BitFlipScope, a scalable, software-based framework for identifying fault-affected regions within transformer architectures under two deployment scenarios. When a clean reference model is available, BitFlipScope performs differential analysis of outputs, hidden states, and internal activations for detecting anomalous behavior indicative of corruption to pinpoint or localize faults. When no reference model exists, it uses residual-path perturbation and loss-sensitivity profiling to infer the fault-impacted region directly from the corrupted model. In both settings, the framework not only enables effective fault diagnosis but also supports lightweight performance recovery without fine-tuning, offering a practical path to restoring corrupted models. Together, these capabilities make BitFlipScope an important step toward trustworthy, fault-resilient LLM deployment in hardware-prone and adversarial environments.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.22174

7. 基于物理感知深度复合核的增强式听觉转向矢量高斯过程回归
Date: 2025-08-20
Authors: RIKEN AIP Diego Di Carlo, UTokyo Koyama Shoichi, RIKEN AIP Nugraha Aditya Arie et al.

AI 深度解读

本文针对仅使用六个头戴式麦克风重建人头周围外部声场(最高达 8 kHz 语音频段)的挑战,提出了一种结合物理驱动机器学习与高斯过程回归(GPR)的方法。研究首先梳理了声场重建(SFR)与 HRTF 上采样的技术谱系,指出纯数据驱动方法虽能处理高频成分,但存在训练与测试声学条件不匹配的泛化难题;而传统物理驱动方法(如 PINNs)因多目标优化困难且难以保证物理属性严格满足,相比之下,物理约束方法通过估计已知基函数的展开系数,在低频段表现更优。针对现有研究多依赖结构化网格、对稀疏随机采样敏感的问题,本文引入基于神经场(NF)的深层高斯过程(DKL),构建了一个融合物理先验(如亥姆霍兹方程)与通道间依赖关系的物理接地核函数。该方法不仅解决了极稀疏测量下的声场重建问题,还通过联合时空谱分析框架,克服了传统方法在随机采样下性能显著下降的缺陷,为头戴式麦克风阵列在真实复杂声学环境下的应用提供了新的解决方案。

中文摘要

摘要:本文研究了用于增强听觉(例如空间滤波和双耳渲染)的导向矢量在频率、麦克风位置及声源位置上的连续表示,旨在实现对用户感知声场的精确控制。导向矢量通常被用作声场空间特性随听音位置变化的函数表示。基于理想化环境的导向矢量基本代数表示无法处理声场的散射效应。因此,人们可以在专用设施中采集一组离散的实导向矢量并进行超分辨率处理(即上采样)。近年来,物理感知深度学习方法已被有效应用于此目的。然而,这种确定性超分辨率方法由于测量空间中的非均匀不确定性而面临过拟合问题。为了解决这一问题,我们将基于神经场(NF)的表达性表示整合到基于高斯过程(GP)的原则性概率框架中。具体而言,我们提出了一种物理感知复合核函数,用于建模方向性入射波及其随后的散射效应。我们的综合对比实验表明,该方法在数据不足条件下具有有效性。在下游任务(如使用 SPEAR 挑战赛模拟数据进行语音增强和双耳渲染)中,该方法仅需不到十分之一的测量次数即可达到理想性能。

Paper Key Illustration

原文

Gaussian Process Regression of Steering Vectors With Physics-Aware Deep Composite Kernels for Augmented Listening

Abstract: This paper investigates continuous representations of steering vectors over frequency and position of microphone and source for augmented listening (e.g., spatial filtering and binaural rendering) with precise control of the sound field perceived by the user. Steering vectors have typically been used for representing the spatial characteristics of the sound field as a function of the listening position. The basic algebraic representation of steering vectors assuming an idealized environment cannot deal with the scattering effect of the sound field. One may thus collect a discrete set of real steering vectors measured in dedicated facilities and super-resolve (i.e., upsample) them. Recently, physics-aware deep learning methods have been effectively used for this purpose. Such deterministic super-resolution, however, suffers from the overfitting problem due to the non-uniform uncertainty over the measurement space. To solve this problem, we integrate an expressive representation based on the neural field (NF) into the principled probabilistic framework based on the Gaussian process (GP). Specifically, we propose a physics-aware composite kernel that model the directional incoming waves and the subsequent scattering effect. Our comprehensive comparative experiment showed the effectiveness of the proposed method under data insufficiency conditions. In downstream tasks such as speech enhancement and binaural rendering using the simulated data of the SPEAR challenge, the oracle performances were attained with less than ten times fewer measurements.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02571

8. 利用实时知识编辑对齐语言模型
Date: 2025-08-02
Authors: Chenming Tang, Yutong Yang, Kexue Wang et al.

AI 深度解读

针对现有知识编辑方法在实时性、编辑成功率及泛化能力上的局限,本文提出了 CRAFT 基准与 KEDAS 框架。CRAFT 基准通过实时数据收集与领域特异性设计,构建了包含复合推理可移植性、别名可移植性、时间局部性及常识局部性四个维度的评估体系,有效规避了数据污染问题,确保了评估的公平性。KEDAS 框架旨在提升编辑效果与泛化能力,其核心包含三个关键技术:首先,利用 LoRA 进行基于模型的自适应后对齐,以平衡编辑后的行为差异;其次,实施多样化的编辑增强,将单一编辑转化为陈述句、别名等多种表达形式存入记忆模块,以应对复杂的检索场景;最后,在推理阶段结合记忆检索与分类器过滤,动态调用适配后的模型或基座模型。实验表明,CRAFT 基准展现了极低的数据泄露率,而 KEDAS 框架在保持良好局部性的同时,显著提升了知识编辑的成功率与通用性,为构建可靠且可解释的知识编辑系统提供了坚实基础。

中文摘要

摘要:知识编辑旨在高效地修改大语言模型(LLMs)中的过时知识,同时保留其原有能力。主流的知识编辑基准测试多为静态,难以跟上现实世界知识的演变。本文提出了 CRAFT,这是一个不断演进的现实世界知识编辑基准。该基准设计了用于复合推理的成对编辑,并评估模型在别名可移植性以及时间性和常识性局部性方面的表现,使其成为一个极具挑战性的知识编辑基准,以往的知识编辑方法在此基准上难以取得均衡的性能。为实现灵活的实时编辑,我们提出了 KEDAS,这是一种新型的知识编辑对齐范式,具备多样化的编辑增强和自适应后对齐推理功能,在 CRAFT 基准上相较于以往方法表现出显著的性能提升。我们所有的代码和数据均可在 https://anonymous.4open.science/r/CRAFT-KEDAS 获取。

Paper Key Illustration

原文

Aligning Language Models with Real-time Knowledge Editing

Abstract: Knowledge editing aims to modify outdated knowledge in large language models (LLMs) efficiently while retaining their original capabilities. Mainstream benchmarks for knowledge editing are predominantly static and fail to keep in pace with the evolving real-world knowledge. In this work, we introduce CRAFT, an ever-evolving real-world benchmark for knowledge editing. It features well-designed paired edits for composite reasoning, and evaluates models on alias portability as well as temporal and common-sense locality, making it a challenging knowledge editing benchmark on which previous knowledge editing methods hardly achieve balanced performance. Towards flexible real-time editing, we propose KEDAS, a novel paradigm of knowledge editing alignment featuring diverse edit augmentation and self-adaptive post-alignment inference, which exhibits significant performance gain on CRAFT compared to previous methods. All of our code and data are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/CRAFT-KEDAS.

链接:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.01302

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000983s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=wenku;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001882s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000919s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000809s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001292s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000633s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001556s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 545159 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.002120s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776632481 WHERE `id` = 545159 [ RunTime:0.016595s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000633s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 545159 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001258s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 545159 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001202s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 545159 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.004672s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 545159 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.002426s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 545159 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.002942s ]
0.126959s