高考刚结束,又一个关于“读书到底有没有用”的讨论季开始了。
一边是硅谷AI公司直聘高中生,年薪120万;一边是MIT学霸48小时刷完一门课。AI让知识获取和技能变现变得前所未有的高效,也让“大学文凭”这张旧船票,越来越难登上新世界的船。
与此同时,英国大学原本一年三个学期逐渐减少到两个学期,每个学期十周课,其中还有一周是“阅读周”——女儿就在英国读书,每年长达五个月的暑假外加空付房租的经历,我深有共鸣。学费生活费年年涨,孩子学了些啥?值不值?说实话,我心里也打鼓。
今天的文章来自英国的《金融时报》,在Why bother with university?这篇文章里,作者提到,三分之一的英国人开始觉得上大学是浪费时间,对大学“经济回报”的信心跌至历史最低。可即便如此,全球高校入学人数仍在飙升。文凭在贬值,为什么大家还在挤破头?
也许大学从来不只是为了就业。它是学生进入社会之前的一段缓冲期,是一次学会独立的演练,是一场关于“我是谁”的探索。但当成本越来越高、AI越来越强,这笔账,我们真的还要按老算法来算吗?

今天,你还觉得上大学“值”吗?欢迎在评论区聊聊你的看法。
Why bother with university?
上大学,到底图个啥?
Paragraph 1
This weekend my daughter will arrive home from university for the summer recess, and a long, long, long vacation (did I mention how long it is?). Most universities in Britain, it seems, have dispensed with the third term of education, and most students complete any constructive learning shortly after Easter, allowing them a full five months to while away. Given the crisis in student housing, however, she has already paid for accommodation for the next year. As her chief benefactor on this educational journey, I will now be paying rent on an empty flat throughout the holidays. It's an inexplicably draining situation, financially and spiritually.
这个周末,我上大学的女儿就要放暑假回家了——随之而来的,是一段漫长、漫长、漫长到令人发指的假期(我提到这假期有多长了吗?)。如今英国的大多数高校似乎都取消了第三学期,学生们在复活节后不久就完成了所有实质性的学习,从而留出整整五个月的时光用来消磨。然而,由于当前学生租房市场的危机,她已经提前支付了下一学年的住宿费。作为她求学路上的“首席金主”,接下来整个假期我都得继续为一套空荡荡的公寓付房租。无论从经济上还是精神上,这都是一种令人莫名心力交瘁的折磨。
词汇与短语
- recess /rɪˈses/ n.休息;休会;(学校的)课间休息
- dispense with /dɪˈspens wɪð/ phr.摒弃;不再需要;免去
- constructive /kənˈstrʌktɪv/ adj.建设性的;有助益的
- while away /waɪl əˈweɪ/ phr.逍遥自在地度过,消磨(时间)
- benefactor /ˈbenɪfæktə/ n.捐助人;赞助人
- inexplicably /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbli/ adv.令人费解地;莫名其妙地
- draining /ˈdreɪnɪŋ/ adj.令人筋疲力尽的;消耗精力的
背景知识补充:英国大学三学期制英国传统三学期为:秋季学期(10月至圣诞节)、春季学期(1月至复活节)、夏季学期(复活节后至6月)。如今许多大学将教学压缩在前两个学期,复活节后学生只有线上考核或论文,从5月到9月形成近五个月的长假。
Paragraph 2
Meantime, she joins the great mass of students now looking at part-time work. And weeks of loafing around the house. I find this seasonal transition one of the most challenging: on the one hand I love having my darling progeny about me. On the other, I can't stand living in what will become her student digs.
与此同时,她也加入了浩浩荡荡的学生求职大军,开始寻找兼职——以及在家里无所事事地闲逛上好几个星期。每年这种季节性的转换,对我来说都是最大的煎熬:一方面,我喜欢心爱的女儿在家陪伴;另一方面,我又实在无法忍受家里变成她的“学生宿舍”。
词汇与短语
- loaf around /ləʊf əˈraʊnd/ phr.游手好闲;无所事事
- progeny /ˈprɒdʒəni/ n.子孙;后代
- digs /dɪɡz/ n.(临时)住处;宿舍
Paragraph 3
Thinking back to my own experience of being a student, I'm surprised at how little has really changed. Technological tools, such as emails, laptops and AI, have fundamentally altered the business of study: but the grungy, analogue lifestyle still remains. The student routine is still metered out in similar parcels: dirty washing, time spent flirting in the library, and how long one can sustain a pouch of nicotine. Every half-decent-looking boy thinks he's a DJ. Art students are still considered cool. Household decor involves draping, stinky blankets and illegal Blu Tack. And everyone walks about 10 miles a day.
回想自己的大学时光,我惊讶地发现,其实并没有多少东西真正改变。电子邮件、笔记本电脑、人工智能等技术工具,已经彻底改变了学习的方式;但学生那种邋遢的、粗糙的生活状态,却依然顽强地保留了下来。学生生活依旧被切割成一块块熟悉的内容:成堆的脏衣服、图书馆里的眉来眼去、还有一包尼古丁究竟能撑多久。稍微长得像样点的男生,都觉得自己迟早会成为DJ。艺术系学生依然被认为最酷。宿舍装饰依旧离不开随意垂挂的臭毯子和违规使用的蓝丁胶。每个人每天依然要步行十英里。

词汇与短语
- alter /ˈɔːltə/ v.更改;改变
- grungy /ˈɡrʌndʒi/ adj.脏兮兮的;破旧邋遢的
- analogue /ˈænəlɒɡ/ adj.模拟的;非数字的(此处引申为“老派、粗糙的”)
- meter out /ˈmiːtə aʊt/ phr.分配;施加(尤指逐步、有节制地)
- flirt /flɜːt/ v.调情
- pouch /paʊtʃ/ n.小袋子;荷包
- nicotine /ˈnɪkətiːn/ n.尼古丁
- half-decent-looking /hɑːf ˈdiːsnt ˈlʊkɪŋ/ adj.还算好看的
- decor /ˈdeɪkɔː/ n.装饰布局,装饰风格
- drape /dreɪp/ v.悬挂,披
- stinky /ˈstɪŋki/ adj.发恶臭的
- Blu Tack /bluː tæk/ n.蓝丁胶(一种可重复使用的黏胶)
背景知识
- 尼古丁袋:近年英美大学生流行的Nicotine Pouches,白色小袋塞在牙龈和嘴唇之间,不用点火即可释放尼古丁,用于熬夜提神。
- 蓝丁胶:学生用它贴海报,但英国宿舍严禁使用(会损坏墙面油漆),违规则扣除高额押金。
- 步行习惯:英国老牌大学的校园分散在城市各处,学生日常穿梭于教学楼和住所之间,一天步行十几公里很常见。本人曾在英国读书,步行一个小时的路程都被视为是可以接受的通勤距离。
Paragraph 4
For those fortunate enough to be able to fund higher education, the student experience still offers a kind sanctuary from grown-up life. And yet increasingly, shared housing, black mould and carbon monoxide poisoning is losing its romance. A new British Social Attitudes survey found that a third of people in England consider university education a waste of time. According to a report in the FT, it marks the first time since 2005 that "negative sentiment towards a university education has outweighed the share of people who believe it still has value" (double the number of those last asked in 2018). And that "confidence in the financial returns from university" has reached "a record low of 36 per cent".
对于那些有能力承担高等教育费用的人来说,大学生活仍然是一处暂时逃离成人世界的避风港。然而,越来越多人发现,共享出租屋、墙角的黑霉菌以及一氧化碳中毒的风险,已经渐渐失去了昔日的浪漫色彩。英国最新一项社会态度调查显示,三分之一的英格兰居民认为大学教育是在浪费时间。《金融时报》报道称,这是自2005年以来首次出现这样的情况:认为大学“不值得上”的人,已经超过认为大学“依然有价值”的人——与2018年相比,持负面看法的人数增加了一倍。而对“大学学历能带来经济回报”的信心,则跌至历史最低水平,仅有36%。
词汇与短语
- sanctuary /ˈsæŋktʃuəri/ n.避难所,庇护所
- mould /məʊld/ n.霉菌
- carbon monoxide /ˈkɑːbən məˈnɒksaɪd/ n.一氧化碳
- sentiment /ˈsentɪmənt/ n.观点,看法;情绪
- outweigh /aʊtˈweɪ/ v.重于;大于;超过
背景知识英国潮湿气候下,老旧学生出租屋常滋生有毒黑霉菌,引发呼吸道疾病;一氧化碳中毒也因房东疏于检修燃气设备而屡见不鲜。作者讽刺这些曾经被视为“青春洗礼”的艰苦生活,如今已失去浪漫色彩。
Paragraph 5
The number of people enrolling in higher education is still hitting historic highs. Nearly 40 percent of the UK's 18-year-olds head into higher education, and Unesco's first Higher Education Global Trends Report shows that the number of students enrolled worldwide has more than doubled during the past two decades, reaching 269mn in 2024. With AI haunting our future prospects, and the employment market becoming increasingly distressed, students graduating from college at the moment are joining a Hunger Games-style market in which the scant few jobs on offer are going to the very best.
然而,接受高等教育的人数依然在不断刷新纪录。英国近40%的18岁年轻人进入大学。联合国教科文组织发布的首份《全球高等教育趋势报告》显示,过去二十年间,全球大学在校生人数增长了一倍以上,到2024年已达到2.69亿。在人工智能的阴影笼罩未来、就业市场日益艰难的当下,刚毕业的大学生们正被抛进一个近乎《饥饿游戏》般的竞争场。岗位稀缺得可怜,仅有的机会只会落到最优秀的人手中。
词汇与短语
- enrol /ɪnˈrəʊl/ v.注册,登记(入学)
- UNESCO /juːˈneskəʊ/ n.联合国教科文组织
- haunt /hɔːnt/ v.(鬼魂)出没;长期困扰
- distressed /dɪˈstrest/ adj.苦恼的;痛苦的;虚弱的
- Hunger Games-style /ˈhʌŋɡə ɡeɪmz staɪl/ adj.像《饥饿游戏》那样残酷竞争、弱肉强食的
- scant /skænt/ adj.一丁点的;不足的
- on offer /ɒn ˈɒfə/ phr.提供的;可买到的
背景知识:《饥饿游戏》美国反乌托邦小说/电影,设定中24名少年被迫在竞技场互相残杀至最后一人。此处比喻就业市场极度稀缺、赢家通吃的残酷竞争。
Paragraph 6
Does the degree hold any value? Sadly, it depends on where you go. A cursory glance through the successful pool of applicants to most junior jobs in most institutions will still reveal a bias towards those who went to the schools within the Russell Group or Ivy League. As university degrees become more widespread, estimations of their worth have diverged. Does an Oxbridge degree hold any value? It will certainly help if you want to work within my team.
那么,大学文凭还有价值吗?遗憾的是,这取决于你去了哪所大学。只要你随意翻看大多数机构招聘初级岗位的录用名单,就会发现——对罗素大学集团和常春藤盟校毕业生的偏爱依然显而易见。当大学学历变得越来越普及时,人们对其价值的判断也开始出现巨大分化。牛津剑桥的文凭还有价值吗?如果你想进入我的团队工作,那答案当然是肯定的。
词汇与短语
- cursory /ˈkɜːsəri/ adj.粗略的,仓促的
- Russell Group /ˈrʌsəl ɡruːp/ n.罗素大学集团(英国24所顶尖研究型大学联盟)
- Ivy League /ˈaɪvi liːɡ/ n.常春藤联盟(美国东北部8所顶尖私立大学)
- diverge /daɪˈvɜːdʒ/ v.分叉;分歧,相异
- Oxbridge /ˈɒksbrɪdʒ/ n.牛津大学与剑桥大学的合称
Paragraph 7
At best, university forestalls the inevitable horror of having to enter the workplace. It's a chance to flex some independent muscles and develop a personality that isn't a clone of ma and pa. University is less about one's field of study (unless you want to end up in academia) but learning how to navigate human behaviour, take initiatives and maybe finesse some basic meals. That said, the cost is increasingly prohibitive, especially when factoring in things such as empty-flat summer rent. And it's hard to make the case for university as a place for personal development if it's only serving to function as a jumped-up finishing school.
大学最大的价值,也许只是把进入职场这一终将到来的恐怖命运稍微往后推迟几年。在这里,你有机会培养自己独立生活的能力,塑造一个不再是父母复制品的人格。除非你打算留在学术界,否则大学真正重要的往往不是专业本身,而是学习如何与人打交道、如何掌握主动权,以及如何勉强做出几顿能吃的饭。不过话说回来,这一切的代价正变得越来越高昂——尤其当你还要支付整个夏天空置的公寓房租时。倘若大学最终只沦为一所徒有其表的礼仪进修学校,那所谓的个人成长,也就无从谈起了。
词汇与短语
- at best /æt best/ phr.充其量,往好了说
- forestall /fɔːˈstɔːl/ v.预先阻止;先发制人
- inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ adj.不可避免的
- flex one's muscles /fleks wʌnz ˈmʌsəlz/ phr.展示力量/能力;锻炼独立能力
- clone /kləʊn/ n.翻版;克隆
- academia /ˌækəˈdiːmiə/ n.学术界
- navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ v.导航;找到正确方法(对付困难)
- initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n.主动性;倡议
- finesse /fɪˈnes/ v.巧妙地处理;用策略应对
- that said /ðæt sed/ phr.尽管如此,话说回来
- prohibitive /prəˈhɪbətɪv/ adj.高昂得难以承受的;禁止性的
- factor in /ˈfæktə ɪn/ v.把…因素包括进去
- make the case for /meɪk ðə keɪs fɔː/ phr.为…提出论据,论证…的合理性
- jumped-up /dʒʌmpt ʌp/ adj.自命不凡的,妄自尊大的
- finishing school /ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ skuːl/ n.精修学校(西方传统中面向上流阶层年轻女性的私立学校,教授社交礼仪、谈吐举止、品酒等,而非学术或职业技能,目的是将学生“包装”成有教养的名媛。
Paragraph 8
A degree's value has always been contestable. I've worked with both Oxbridge scholars and school-of-hard-knocks graduates, and neither education made for a better boss. I left university with a reasonable history degree and zero career plans, and spent the next four years trying to find my feet. I had no ins nor useful connections, so I just plodded through different employments until, miraculously, I got a few shifts as a night sub-editor on a local paper and learnt how to be a journalist on the job. (Ironically, the history degree has proven hugely valuable in a business that is all about first-hand reporting, detecting narrative bias and the second source.) Everyone is so focused on the next step. Everyone thinks they need a master plan. I would advise students not to try to land their dream job straight out of college. Enjoy some "fuck-around time" while you figure out what happens next.
大学文凭的价值从来都是有争议的。我共事过牛津剑桥培养出来的学者,也共事过在社会大学里摸爬滚打成长起来的人,两种教育背景都没有天然造就更优秀的老板。我自己大学毕业时,拿着一个还算不错的历史学学位,却对未来职业毫无规划。接下来的四年里,我一直在寻找人生方向。我既没有门路,也没有人脉,于是只能在各种工作之间辗转摸索。后来奇迹般地获得了地方报纸夜班助理编辑的零星班次,并在工作中学会如何成为记者。(讽刺的是,那个历史学学位最终证明极有价值——因为新闻行业本质上离不开第一手调查、识别叙事偏见以及寻找第二信息源,而这些恰恰是历史训练教给我的能力。)如今,所有人都过度执着于下一步,所有人都觉得自己必须拥有一份宏伟的人生规划。而我的建议是:不要急着在毕业那天就找到梦想工作。给自己留一点“瞎折腾的时间”,在不断试错中慢慢探寻人生方向。
词汇与短语
- contestable /kənˈtestəbl/ adj.可争议的,可质疑的
- school of hard knocks /skuːl əv hɑːd nɒks/ phr.社会大学;从艰难经历中获得的经验
- reasonable /ˈriːzənəbl/ adj.不错的,还算好的
- find one's feet /faɪnd wʌnz fiːt/ phr.站稳脚跟,适应新环境
- in /ɪn/ n.门路,关系,进入机会
- plod /plɒd/ v.艰难地行走;吃力地行进
- miraculous /mɪˈrækjələs/ adj.奇迹般的,不可思议的
- sub-editor /sʌb ˈedɪtə/ n.助理编辑
- land /lænd/ v. 成功得到
- fuck around 瞎混,胡闹,吊儿郎当
Paragraph 9
AI is "coming for our jobs" now: the next decade will see a seismic shift. That doesn't make higher education worthless, but it will mean there'll be a need to recalibrate. Perhaps our dependence on machine learning and LLMs will send students off on different paths. The future is all about the hands now; cheffing, hair styling and floristry. Maybe the future is in mime artistry — there's a higher education course for clowning, right?
如今,人工智能正在“抢走我们的饭碗”——未来十年,社会必将迎来一场剧变。这并不意味着高等教育将变得毫无价值,但它确实意味着我们需要重新校准方向。也许,我们对机器学习和大型语言模型的依赖,会把学生送上完全不同的人生道路。未来的关键在于动手能力:当厨师、做发型师、搞花艺。也许未来属于默剧艺术——不是还有大学开设了小丑表演专业吗?
词汇与短语
- seismic /ˈsaɪzmɪk/ adj.地震般的;巨大的,剧烈的
- recalibrate /riːˈkælɪbreɪt/ v.重新校准;调整(计划、策略等)
- send off /send ɒf/ phr.送别;将…送往(另一条路)
- cheffing /ˈtʃefɪŋ/ n.厨师工作;烹饪
- floristry /ˈflɒrɪstri/ n.花艺;花艺设计
- mime artistry /maɪm ˈɑːtɪstri/ n.默剧表演艺术
- clowning /ˈklaʊnɪŋ/ n.小丑表演

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