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1. 宾语从句(最常考)
定义:从句在整个句子中作动词或介词的宾语。
三个核心考点:
① 语序:陈述句语序(连接词 + 主语 + 谓语)
❌ I don’t know where does he live. ✅ I don’t know where he lives.
② 时态呼应(主过从过,主现从任意)
主句现在时:从句可根据实际情况用任何时态
He says he will come tomorrow.主句过去时:从句必须用过去的某种时态
He said he would come the next day.
⚠️ 特殊情况:从句表示客观真理/自然现象/谚语时,一律用一般现在时
The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.
③ 连接词选择
- that:无意义,可省略(引导陈述句)
I think (that) you are right.
- whether / if:是否(一般可互换,但介词后、or not紧接时只能用whether)
I wonder whether/if he will come.
It depends on whether it rains.(介词后用whether)
I don't know whether or not he is happy.(or not紧跟只能用whether)
- 疑问词:what, who, when, where, why, how等(保留原疑问含义)
Can you tell me how I can get there?
中考常考陷阱:
误把疑问句语序带入从句(最常见错误) 主句过去时,从句忘记变时态 if/whether混用(尤其or not情况)
速记口诀:
宾语从句三注意,语序时态连接词。
主现从任不受限,主过从过要牢记。
陈述语序不能忘,whether if看仔细。
只能用whether不能用if的5种场景(高频易错点):
1.从句后有or not时:I wonder whether he will come or not.(不可用if)
2.引导介词后的宾语从句时:I'm worried about whether I hurt her feelings.(不可用if)
3.引导不定式前的宾语从句时:He hasn't decided whether to go there.(不可用if)
4.引导主语从句或表语从句时:Whether he will come is a question.(不可用if)
5.避免歧义时:Please tell me whether you like the book.(若用if,可能理解为“如果你喜欢这本书,告诉我”)
3. 特殊疑问句转化为宾语从句:用原特殊疑问词引导
用法要点:
从句是特殊疑问句(what/who/when/where/why/how等引导)时,直接用原特殊疑问词作引导词。
核心原则:特殊疑问词在从句中充当成分(主语、宾语、状语等),且从句必须变为陈述语序(去掉原句的倒装结构)。
例句转化对比:
原句:How did he get here?(特殊疑问句,倒装语序)
错误:I don't know how did he get here.(未变陈述语序)
正确:I don't know how he got here.(特殊疑问词how作状语,从句变陈述语序)
常见特殊疑问词分类:
连接代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、定语):what(什么)、which(哪一个)、who(谁)、whose(谁的)、whom(谁,宾格)
连接副词(在从句中作状语):when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何,怎样)、how many/much(多少)
真题实战演练(含解析)
1. 单项填空(中考典型题型)
(1)— Could you tell me _______ you will go to Beijing tomorrow? — By plane.(2024·河北)
A. when B. why C. how D. whether
解析:选C。根据答语“By plane”可知,问句询问“方式”,引导词用how;同时从句为陈述语序,符合规则。
(2)The teacher told us that the sun _______ in the east.(2024·广东)
A. rise B. rises C. rose D. will rise
解析:选B。从句“太阳从东方升起”是客观真理,无论主句时态(told为过去时),从句用一般现在时,sun是第三人称单数,谓语用rises。
(3)I don't know _______ he will come or not.(2023·江苏)
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
解析:选B。从句后有or not,引导词只能用whether,不能用if,属于固定规则。
2. 完成句子(中考高频题型)
(1)他问我是否看过这部电影。(2024·浙江)
He asked me _______ I _______ _______ this film.
答案:if/whether;had seen。解析:一般疑问句转化为宾语从句用if/whether;主句asked是过去时,从句“看过”是过去的过去,用过去完成时had seen。
(2)我认为他不会参加这个会议。(2023·山东)
I _______ _______ he _______ attend the meeting.
答案:don't think;will。解析:第一人称think后接否定从句,否定转移到主句,用don't think;从句“会参加”是将来时,用will。
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