高中英语题型专练 28 :语法填空

语法填空

（1）

In traditional Chinese culture, the dragon is one of the 12-year circle of animals    1    appear in the Chinese zodiac. For many centuries, it    2   (regard) as a symbol of luck, power and mystery. People born in the Year of the Dragon are traditionally thought    3   (be) enthusiastic, intelligent, lively, energetic, and innovative.

Among the rich legacies of Chinese history, the dragon totems (图腾)in the Forbidden City are    4   (undoubted) a fascinating presence. The Forbidden City, a splendid architectural complex known as the “treasure of China”, was once the royal palace of the Ming and Qing    5    (dynasty), and it stands as the world’s largest and most complete    6   (exist) ancient wooden structure complex. In the Forbidden City, the dragons, whether hanging in the sky, leaping between beams (横梁),    7    hidden in the details, all tell ancient stories.

In each corner of the Forbidden City,    8    variety of lifelike dragons can be seen, showing not only specialized skills, but also deep history and cultural enrichment.

According to photographer Gu Caihua, those dragons sitting on the roofs seem to be guarding the ancient palaces, while those dragons    9   (sculpture) on beams appear to be telling the ups and downs of history. These dragons are not merely decorations, and    10    some extent, they carry the essence of Chinese culture.

①mysteryn. 神秘；神秘的事物

②legacyn. 遗产；遗留

③complex n. 建筑群

④lifelikeadj. 栩栩如生的

In traditional Chinese culture, the dragon is one of the 12-year circle of animals    1    appear in the Chinese zodiac. (Para.1)

这是一个主从复合句。“   1    appear in the Chinese zodiac”是一个_________，修饰先行词_________，关系词在从句中作_________。

（2）

On Thursday, the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing    1   (reveal) that archaeologists had discovered two sunken ships in the depths of the South China Sea. It offered tangible evidence of commercial and    2   (culture) exchanges along the ancient Maritime Silk Road.

The latest underwater archaeological    3   (explore) carried out by the National Center for Archaeology have    4   (significant) uncovered important artifacts. In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of    5    were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.” The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics    6   (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong,    7    researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.

The Ming Dynasty’s No.1 shipwreck,    8   (measure) 37 meters long and 11 meters wide, has yielded 543 artifacts, suggesting it sailed from Fujian or Guangdong to Southeast Asia trade centers like Malacca. The No. 2 shipwreck dates    9    the rule of Emperor Hongzhi and measures about 21 meters long and 8 meters wide. A total of 36 artifacts have been found on it, porcelain and pottery    10   (include).

①sunkenadj. 沉没的；淹没的

②tangibleadj. 有形的；实际的；真实的

③a variety of各种各样的

④porcelainn. 瓷；瓷器

In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of    5    were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.” (Para. 2)

这是一个主从复合句。“most of    5    were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province”是一个介词+关系词引导的_________，修饰先行词_________，在从句中作_________；“known as China’s “porcelain capital”是过去分词短语作_________。

答案与解析

（1）

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了龙图腾在中国传统文化中的重要意义以及紫禁城中雕刻绘画的龙所代表的文化内涵。

【答案解析】

1. which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词animals指的是物，所以使用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。

2. has been regarded 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为谓语动词，根据句意以及时间状语“for many centuries”可知，设空处应使用现在完成时，regard与句子主语it之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been regarded。

3. to be 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，设空处为固定句型“think sth. to be /do”意思是“认为某人是……/做了……”，所以设空处应使用动词不定式形式。故填to be。

4. undoubtedly 考查副词。句子结构可知，设空处为副词作状语修饰谓语动词，undoubted的副词形式为undoubtedly意为“无疑”符合句意。故填undoubtedly。

5. dynasties 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，设空处表示的是“明和清是两个朝代”，所以用dynasty的复数形式。故填dynasties。

6. existing/existent 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词complex，exist的形容词为existing或者是existent。意为“现存的”符合句意。故填existing/existent。

7. or考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处为固定结构“whether. . . or…”意为“无论是……还是……”符合句意，所以设空处应为连词or。故填or。

8. a 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为固定短语a variety of 意为“多种多样的”符合句意。故填a。

9. sculptured /sculpted 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应非谓语动词作定语，而且sculpture和dragons为动宾关系，所以设空处使用过去分词形式sculptured，此外，sculpture 的动词形式还可以是sculpt，所以也可以使用sculpted。故填sculptured /sculpted。

10. to 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为固定短语“to some extent”意思是“在某种程度上”符合句意。故填to。

【长难句分析答案】

定语从句；the 12-year circle of animals；主语

（2）

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国国家文物局在北京宣布，在南海深处发现了两艘沉船，这些沉船为古代海上丝绸之路的商业和文化交流提供了实物证据。

【答案解析】

1. revealed 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中on Thursday以及句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事实，故使用一般过去时。故填revealed。

2. cultural 考查形容词。分析句子可知，设空处使用culture的形容词cultural作定语，修饰名词，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。

3. explorations 考查名词。分析句子可知，设空处使用explore的名词exploration作主语，意为“探索”，此处表示复数意义。故填explorations。

4. significantly 考查副词。分析句子可知，设空处使用significant的副词significantly作状语，修饰动词，意为“重要地，显著地”。故填significantly。

5. which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处与前文的of构成介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是artifacts，为物用which。故填which。

6. were determined 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics与determine之间是被动关系，同时句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were determined。

7. a 考查冠词。分析句子可知，句中researcher为可数名词，设空处应该使用冠词，此处表示泛指，且researcher首字母为辅音音素。故填a。

8.measuring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中has yielded为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处The Ming Dynasty’s No.1 shipwreck与measure之间是主动关系，measure意为“（重/长/宽）量度为……”，此时该动词为系动词，无被动，此时measure的主动形式含有被动意义，用现在分词作定语。故填measuring。

9. from 考查介词。根据本句句意：二号沉船可以追溯到弘治皇帝统治时期，长约21米，宽约8米。句中date from为固定短语，意为“追溯于，起始于”。故填from。

10. included 分析句子可知，句中have been found为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。此处porcelain和pottery与include之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词表示被动作定语。故填included。

【长难句分析答案】

非限制性定语从句；artifacts；主语；后置定语