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初中英语语法每日一讲|few / little用法辨析

初中英语语法每日一讲|few / little用法辨析
大家好,欢迎来到初中英语语法每日一讲。
 few、a few、little、a little 是贯穿初中三年的高频不定代词考点,单选、完形、语法填空经常出现。
很多同学做题只记住“few接可数,little接不可数”,却忽略有无a代表肯定、否定含义,掉进题目设置的语境陷阱,明明单词认识,却反复丢分。
今天我们把这四个词彻底拆解,结合中考真题例句,理清判断逻辑,避开出题人设置的坑点。
我们先记住核心口诀:有a就“有”,无a就“几乎没有”;few管可数,little管不可数。
1. a few 与 few(修饰可数名词复数)
✅ a few:有几个,有一些(肯定含义,数量不多,但客观上存在)
例句:
I have a few good friends in our class.
我在班里有几个好朋友。
There are a few oranges in the box.
箱子里还有几个橙子。
❌ few:几乎没有,没几个(否定含义,数量极少,近乎没有)
例句:
Few students finished this hard problem.
几乎没有学生做出这道难题。
He has few relatives here, so he feels lonely.
他在这里几乎没有亲人,所以感到孤单。
2. a little 与 little(修饰不可数名词:time, money, water, bread等)
✅ a little:有一点(肯定含义,虽然量少,但还有剩余)
例句:
There is a little milk in the cup.
杯子里还有一点牛奶。
We still have a little time, we needn’t rush.
我们还有一点时间,不用着急。
❌ little:几乎没有,没多少(否定含义,剩余极少)
例句:
There is little juice in the bottle. Let’s buy some.
瓶子里几乎没有果汁了,我们去买一些。
He has little money left after shopping.
购物之后,他几乎没有剩下多少钱。
中考做题两步判断法(考试直接套用)
第一步:看后面名词,可数复数 → 选few/a few;不可数 → 选little/a little。
第二步:读上下文语境,看是表达“还有”(肯定),还是“几乎没有”(否定);有a表有,无a表几乎没有。
中考高频陷阱
陷阱1:对话语境,看答句提示词(sorry、but、fortunately)
例:
— Could you lend me some paper?
— Sorry, I have ______ left.
解析:回答有sorry,说明借不出,表否定;paper不可数 → 填little。
陷阱2:very / quite 搭配
 very few (几乎没几个)、 very little (几乎没多少),否定含义加强。
 quite a few  = 不少,相当多(只能修饰可数复数,不能说quite a little)。
例:Quite a few teenagers like watching English movies. 不少青少年喜欢看英文电影。
陷阱3:little/few 本身带否定,反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯”
He has few friends, does he? 他几乎没有朋友,对吗?
⚠️这里不能用doesn’t he,few已经属于否定意义词汇。
陷阱4:a little 还可以修饰形容词、副词,表示“稍微”
I am a little tired. 我有点累。
= I am a bit tired.
这是语法填空常考的拓展用法,a few不能修饰形容词。
很多同学的误区:以为few翻译为“很少”就是数量少,只看中文翻译做题。一定要记住:
 a few / a little :虽然少,但是还有;
 few / little :虽然中文写“很少”,实际含义是几乎没有,属于否定意味。
这套考点,中考经常放在完形和语法填空,不考复杂变形,重点考察语境逻辑。做题千万不要只看名词,忽略上下文的转折、sorry、but等暗示词。掌握两步判断法,这类题目就可以做到不丢分。
配套练习题
一、单项选择
1. — Would you like some more coffee?
— Thanks, there is still ______.
A. a little  B. little  C. a few
2. The problem is too difficult. ______ students can work it out.
A. A few  B. Few  C. A little
3. He is new here. He has ______ friends, so he often stays at home.
A. few  B. a few  C. little
4. There is ______ water in the glass. Please get me some.
A. a little  B. little  C. a few
5. Quite ______ students enjoy taking part in after‑school activities.
A. few  B. a few  C. little
二、用 few / a few / little / a little 填空
1. I have ______ postcards. You can take one.
2. There is ______ rice at home. We have to go shopping.
3. Very ______ people know this old story.
4. Don’t worry. We still have ______ time.
5. He is ______ nervous before the exam.
三、句型改写(反义疑问句)
1. She has few apples, ____________?(完成反义疑问句)
参考答案
一、1.A  2.B  3.A  4.B  5.B
二、1.a few  2.little  3.few  4.a little  5.a little
三、1.does she

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