文档内容
练习 13 阅读理解＋读后续写
授课提示：对应学生用书30页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·浙江1月，D 议论文 310词 ★★★☆☆
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter
Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A
single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited
for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left
alone in the room. Followup studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an
ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted by sugary
treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global
delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to
preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a caloriepoor world, and our
brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of
reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost
and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years
ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that
we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a
species was informationpoor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.
But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly
bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about
our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption,
resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——儿童棉花糖实验的启示
【语篇解读】 文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点
——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。
1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test?
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第一段对 Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的
“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a
second treat”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D项。2．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ________．
A．the caloriepoor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第
三段的最后一句话“But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost
and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years
ago, and this mismatch is at the heart...we shouldn't eat”。由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出
的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑
仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，故选C项。A项“热量匮乏的世界和
我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们
一成不变的大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。
3．What does the author suggest readers do?
A．Be selective information consumers.
B．Absorb new information readily.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
答案与解析：B 推断。根据最后一段中的“Therefore...we also need to be more
thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk
food’ in order to manage our time most effectively”可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消
费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推
断出，作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，故选B项。A项“欣然接受新信息”；C
项“使用多样化的信息源”；D项“保护信息环境”。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
答案与解析：D 理解文章主旨要义。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿园
孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信
息的信息大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的
信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D项。
B
2024·浙江1月，B 记叙文 329词 ★★★☆☆
When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not
to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose
was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.
Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some
throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it__seem a bit more “young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me.
Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone
box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managingagent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors
arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no
longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turned into a
“mini community library”： any passerby can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it
later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed
that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans
dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This
unbeatable pricepoint encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never
normally consider buying. And I've discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be
able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my
wife to rescue me.
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——社会进步——电话亭的变迁
【语篇解读】 作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历，并发现家附近最后一个
电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”，这为社区提供了新的价值。
5．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．The play. B．The shared house.
C．The sofa. D．The telephone box.
答案与解析：B 理解词汇。根据第一段中的“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my
play in my tiny old shared house in London”和“I spread some throws over the sofas and lit
candles to make it seem a bit more ‘young professional’”可推断出，作者是在合租房里安
排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B项。
6．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006?
A.To place an urgent call.
B．To put up a notice.
C．To shelter from the rain.
D．To hold an audition.
答案与解析：A 推断。根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、二段。第二段提到作者被
锁在了门外，但是幸运的是“there was a telephone box across the street”，因此作者打电话拿
到了备用钥匙，才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出，在 2006年作者使用电话亭是为了拨打
紧急电话，故选A项。
7．What do we know about the “mini community library”？
A.It provides phone service for free.
B．Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C．It is popular among young readers.
D．Books must be returned within a month.
答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据题干中的“mini community library”将答案锁定
在第三段。由该段中的“a ‘mini community library’： any passerby can...or replace it with
another title from their own collection”可知，任何路过的人都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换
其中的一本书，也就是说任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，故选 B项。A项
“它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢迎”；D项“一个月之内必须归还
图书”。8．Why did the author start to use the “library”？
A．He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C．He found there were excellent free books.
D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这个“图书馆”
里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书
都是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会考虑购买的书，并且
发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作者因为发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，
开始使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[2024·九省联考]Last summer, Hilda worked as a volunteer with dolphin trainers at a sea life
park. Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the
dolphins to fetch specific items. However, one day after cleaning, one of the dolphins, Maya,
presented Hilda with a candy wrapper from the tank. When Katherine, the trainer, saw this, she
blamed Hilda for her carelessness. Upset but not discouraged by this event, Hilda decided to do
some spying on Maya.
The next morning, Hilda arrived at the park early. She put on her scuba gear (水下呼吸器)
and jumped into the tank for her usual, underwater sweep. Finding nothing in the tank, she
climbed out of the water just in time to see Katherine jumping in on the other side. After what
happened yesterday, Hilda knew what she was doing. She watched as Katherine performed her
underwater search, but Hilda wasn't surprised when she surfaced emptyhanded.
During the tank sweeps, Maya had been swimming playfully, but now the dolphin stopped
suddenly and swam to the back part of the tank where the filter (过滤) box was located. She stuck
her nose down behind the box and then swam away. What was Maya doing back there? Hilda
wondered. She jumped back into the water and swam over to take a look behind the box, and her
question was answered. Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya's path and emerged from
the water to find Katherine removing her scuba gear. As Katherine turned around, her mouth
dropped open. There was Maya at the edge of the tank with a comb (梳子) in her mouth waiting
for her treat.
“Maya! Where did you get that？” demanded Katherine, taking the comb and throwing
her a fish. “I know where she got it，” declared Hilda climbing out of the tank with a handful
of items still wet from their watery, resting place. “What's all this？” Katherine asked,
obviously confused.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“This is Maya's secret，” Hilda said with a big smile.
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________________________________________________________________________Now Katherine realized what had been going on.
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One possible version：
“This is Maya's secret，” Hilda said with a big smile. “The truth of the matter，”
Hilda continued, “is that Maya has been secretly collecting items from the tank, hiding them near
the filter in the back of the tank. When you train her, she will give you some items so that she can
get treats from you.” “Really? How do you know that？” Katherine asked in surprise. Hilda
laughed and replied, “It took me a long time to discover this secret, too. It's not easy to follow
Maya.”
Now Katherine realized what had been going on. Katherine thought to herself, this is
really a clever dolphin. And she said to Hilda, “Well, Maya loves treats, so we'll work together,
and you'll secretly help her collect a few things and put them in the filter at the back of the tank.
I'll give her treats, the number of which I can increase.” Hilda replied, “Good idea, let's do it.”
From then on, the Sea Life Park is full of warmth and harmony. Maya's performance in front of
the audience is getting better and better.
