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A system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication 共有性 What is language? 稳定性 人类用来交流的具有任意性的语 符号性 音符号系统 language form: vocabulary, grammar, pronounciation Structural View of Language Language as a system of structurally related elements for the coding of meaning the mastery of elements of this system 语言是各因素在结构上相互联系 传递意义的系统 meaning Language as a vehicle for the expression View of Language of functional meaning semantic and communicative dimension 语言是表达功能意义的载体 function communicative context Language as the means for establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationship and for View of Language performing social transactions between individuals communicate appropriately cultural awareness 语言是实现人际关系和进行人与人之间 社会交往的工具 communicative strategies 巴甫洛夫(Ivan Pavlov) 01章 英语教学基本理论 external factors classical conditioning stimulus→response Behaviorist Theory → Imitation & repetition & 斯金纳(Skinner) operant conditioning stimulus→response→reinforcement → → Noam Chomsky 乔姆斯基 internal factors Human mind thinks and learns Cognitive Theory Thinking (creativity) mental processes ( Piaget Learning is a personal construction of interaction between experiences and ideas knowledge to be learned on the learner's previous Constructive Theory experience Personal construction Dewey Learning by doing design environments and interact with learners Vygotsky social interaction Socio-constructivism interaction and engagement with the target Zone of Proximal language in a social context Development(ZPD) and Scaffolding01章 英语教学基本理论Summary 总结 结构主义语言观 功能主义语言观 交互语言观 宏观 语言观 语言的结构性 语言的功能性 语言的交互性 行为主义学习观 认知主义学习观 建构主义学习观 语言学习观 中观 模仿&重复 思维（创造） 自我建构 代表人物 巴甫洛夫、斯金纳 乔姆斯基 皮亚杰、杜威、维果斯基 代表流派： 代表流派： 代表流派： 听说法 微观 教学方法 交际法 交际法 语法翻译法 自然法 任务型教学法 全身反应法(TPR)