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年 全 国 教 师 资 格
2 0 2 4
理 论 精 讲 -句 法 2
讲师：李婉君
更多干货关注 粉笔教师教育 粉笔教师温 故知 新
判断下列句子结构
1.
•
He works in a factory.
•
He feels uneasy.
当先行词指人，从句缺宾语，关系词可选 。
2. _______________________________________
当从句缺表语，关系词可选 。
3. ___________________________
。
4. whose+n.= ___________________________________ = _____________________________________
关系副词 。
5. why= _____________________名 词 性 从 句
Noun clauses试判断：
定义：起到名词作用的从句
•
What I am reading is interesting
包括：主语从句
•
The book is what I want.
宾语从句
•
表语从句 The mother must accept the fact that her baby is deaf.
同位语从句 •
I believe what he said.名词性从句考点
1、从属连词
连接词选择
2、连接代词
3、连接副词
1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：①that引导 ②陈述语序
③否定转移和反意疑问句
各从句特殊考点
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：①连接词 ②与定语从句区别1. 从属连词
连接词选择 2. 连接代词
3. 连接副词①在从句中不充当成分
②不可省略
从属连词
① 引导主语从句只起引导作用，无实际意义，在从句中不充当成分，不可省略。
that
【例 】
1 That she left him cut him to the heart.
【例 】
2 That he will come is certain.
② 表“是否”，引导主语从句在句中不充当成分，不可省略。
whether
【例 】
1 Whether it will please them is not easy to say.在从句中充当主、宾、表、定
连接代词
等
who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
【例 】
1 What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
【例 】
2 Which side will win is not clear.
注意： 与 的区别：含义、范围
what which
练手： 1. _______ you will do is not important. 2. _______ girl you will choose is not important.
A. What B. Which A. What B. Which
C. That D. Why C. That D. Why① 在从句中充当状语
② 选用须根据特定语境
连接副词
when, where, why, how
【例 】
1 Why he did it remains a mystery.
【例 】
2 How he became a great scientist is known to us all.小贴士：
REVIEW
（ ）从属连词
1
①在从句中不充当成分
1. 从属连词 ②不可省略
（ ）连接代词
2
①在从句中充当主、宾、表、定
连接词选择 2. 连接代词
② 辨析
what/which
（ ）连接副词
3
3. 连接副词
①在从句中充当状语
②选用须根据特定语境做题步骤
Step1.判断是否为名词性从句
不缺意思：
• 主语从句：通常位于谓语动词之前 that
缺意思：相应意思的连接词
• 宾语从句：通常位于谓语动词、介词之后
• 表语从句：位于系动词之后 谁：
who
哪一个：
• 同位语从句：通常位于名词后，说明该名词具体内容 which
无论什么：
whatever
什么、所 的：
… what
什么时间、什么地点等： ，
Step2.分析从句成分 when where...
Step3.结合句意，确定最终选项勤学 勤练
• 【巩固提升 3】________ is known to the world is that China’s Liu Xiang became the first
Asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
A. As B. What
C. That D. It1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述语序
特殊考点 （3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别1. 主语从句
主语从句位置：
他有两个女朋友是可耻的。
____________________ is shameful.1. 主语从句
主语从句位置：
他有两个女朋友是可耻的。
That he has two girlfriends is shameful.1. 主语从句
主语从句位置：
他有两个女朋友是可耻的。
That he has two girlfriends is shameful.
It is shameful that he has two girlfriends.1. 主语从句
主语从句位置：It + 系表/谓宾 + 主语从句
• 表语 主语从句
It +be+ +
【例】
It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.
• 不及物动词 主语从句
It + +
【例】
It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.
• 及物动词（被动语态） 主语从句
It + +
【例】
It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.勤学 勤练
• 【巩固提升 2】It is a rule in his family that ________ comes home earlier should cook the
dinner for the family.
A. anybody B. who
C. who that D. whoever1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述句语序
特殊考点
（3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别（二）宾语从句
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
判断：that是否可省
句子结构 例句
①主语+及物动词+that宾语从句 James said that he was feeling better.
She told me that she would accept my
②主语+及物动词+间接宾语+that宾语从句
invitation.
I think that it will clear up this afternoon
③主语+及物动词+并列that宾语从句 and that they will come to say goodbye to
us.（二）宾语从句
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
句子结构 例句
④ 主语+及物动词+to sb.+that从句 He explained to us that he had failed to catch the first bus.
⑤ it 作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语 We felt it strange that she should leave without saying
从句
goodbye.
⑥主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + that 宾语
I am afraid that I’ve made a mistake.
从句宾语从句的陈述句语序：连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分
2. + + +
【例 】
1 I don’t know what they are looking for.
【例 】
2 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.勤学 勤练
【巩固提升 4】—I’m afraid I can‘t remember ________.
—In Beijing, I think.
A. where did I first meet you B. where I first met you
C. when I first met you D. why I first met you3. 宾语从句中的否定转移和反意疑问
① 否定转移：
条件1 若主句主语是第一人称
条件2 谓语动词为
think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine
等
条件3 其后的宾语从句含有否定意义
一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式
• ×
I think this dress doesn't fit you well. ( )
•
I don’t think this dress fits you well. ( √ )
•
She thinks this dress doesn’t fit you well.
第一人称有想法，宾从否定要转移3. 宾语从句中的否定转移和反意疑问
② 反意疑问：前肯后否，前否后肯
He is right, isn’t he?
You don’t like her, do you?
• 主句的主语为第一人称：在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致
？
I expect our English teacher will be back in this weekend, won’t he/she
• 主句的主语为第二或第三人称：在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓与主句一致
She thought that film was not interesting, didn't she?
You think I can't get up, don't you?
第一人称有想法，反意疑问就从句勤学 勤练
• He believes that she is right, ________?
A. doesn't he B. does he C. is she D. isn't she
• I don’t think that the necklace is made of diamond, ________?
A. do I B. do you C. isn’t it D. is it补 充 ：反 意疑问 句 的回 答
--He is right, isn’t he? --He isn’t right, is he?
--Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t. --Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.
试一试
--- You don’t smoke, do you?
--- ______. I have never smoked a cigarette before.
A. Yes, I don’t. B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I do. D. No, I do.1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述句语序
特殊考点 （3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别(三)表语从句
连接词及结构：
① 一般结构：主语 系动词 表语从句
+ +
常见接表语从句的系动词有 等
be, look, remain, seem
The trouble is that he has lost his money.
② 连接词： 、
as if/as though because
It looked as if it was going to snow.2.其他常见结构
The reason is that…
【例】 The reason why he is late is that he missed the early bus.
That is because…
【例】That's because we never thought of it.
That’s why…
【例】 That's why he got angry with me.勤学 勤练
• 【巩固提升 1】One reason for her preference for this school is ________, as she put it, it can
provide for her future development.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
• I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _______ I got wet through.
A. It's the reason B. That's why
C. There's why D. That's because1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述句语序
特殊考点 （3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别（四） 同位语从句
1. 一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容
2 . 常 见 的 可 以 跟 同 位 语 从 句 的 词 （ 抽 象 名 词 ）
news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word(消息), possibility...
Ø I've come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
3. 连接词：that和whether常见（ if, which不能引导同位语从句）
注意：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开，如：
Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.(四) 同位语从句
4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
① 与前面名词的关系
• 同位语从句：与前面的名词是同位关系， 说明、解释它前面名词的内容
• 定语从句：与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系， 限定前面名词范围
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
The news that he told me just now is true.4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
② that 在从句中的作用
• 同位语从句：that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分
• 定语从句：that是关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
The idea that he gave surprises many people.勤学 勤练
• A new rule _________ office love is forbidden at work has been set up in the company.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
• The message came to the villagers ____________ the enemy had already fled the village.
A. which B. who C. that D. where整 体 回 顾
