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深圳市高级中学高中园 2025 届高三下学期第一次模拟考试
英语
本试卷分为第 I 卷(选择题)和第 II 卷(非选择题)两部分，第 I 卷为 1-35 题，共 65 分，
第 II 卷为 36-47 题，共 55 分。全卷共计 120 分。考试时间为 120 分钟。
注意事项:
1、答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2、每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮
擦干净后，再涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回。
第 I 卷 (本卷共计 65 分)
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Stories of art 1400-1500
The Renaissance (文艺复兴) was one of the most dynamic periods in the history of European art and culture,
producing remarkable developments in painting, architecture, sculpture, music, philosophy and science.
In this module, we examine the meaning of the term “Renaissance”, and learn about the influence of
humanism, the invention of linear perspective and the rise of the individual. Jo Walton, an art historian and lecturer
specialising in the art and architecture of the Italian Renaissance and on aspects of British art of the 20th century,
will be your tutor.
Arrangements
Each session lasts for 2 hours from 5:30 to 7:30 pm, and includes a lecture delivered by the lecturer followed
by a short break and further discussion. Time will be allowed for questions and discussion via Q&A. Handouts will
be available via your National Gallery account on Tuesday mornings.
Can’t make Wednesday evenings? No problem. Each session is recorded and made available to you for the
duration of the course, up until 2 weeks after the final session. A video of the week’s lecture will be uploaded and
available for you to watch via your National Gallery account on Friday afternoons.
Booking information
This is an online ticketed course hosted on Zoom. Please book a ticket to access the course. Only one ticket
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司can be booked per account. You will be emailed an E-ticket with instructions on how to access the course via your
National Gallery account.
Price
Standard: £90
Concessions: £75
Concessions are for students, jobseekers, and disabled adults.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To advertise an art gallery. B. To introduce an online course.
C. To demonstrate a historic period. D. To promote a painting competition.
2. What can you do if you miss a session on Wednesday evenings?
A. Contact the lecturer. B. Attend a makeup session.
C. Watch the recorded video. D. Purchase additional access.
3. How much should an unemployed father and his 1st-grade son pay?
A. £75. B. £90. C. £150. D. £165.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了一个关于“文艺复兴”的在线课程，介绍了课程安排、预订信
息和价格等。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In this module, we examine the meaning of the term “Renaissance”, and learn
about the influence of humanism, the invention of linear perspective and the rise of the individual. (在本模块中，
我们将研究“文艺复兴”一词的含义，并了解人文主义的影响、线性视角的发明和个人的崛起。)”和文中
“Arrangements (安排)”、“Booking information (预订信息)”等可知，本文主要介绍了一个关于“文艺复
兴”的在线课程，介绍课程安排和预订信息等，由此可知，本文的目的是介绍一门在线课程。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Can’t make Wednesday evenings? No problem. Each session is recorded and
made available to you for the duration of the course, up until 2 weeks after the final session. A video of the week’s
lecture will be uploaded and available for you to watch via your National Gallery account on Friday afternoons. (不
能安排周三晚上吗？没问题。每节课都会被记录下来，并在课程期间提供给你，直到最后一节课结束后2
周。本周讲座的视频将被上传，你可以在周五下午通过你的国家美术馆帐户观看。)”可知，如果错过了周
三晚上的课程，可以通过国家美术馆帐户观看录制的课程视频，由此可知，如果你错过了周三晚上的课程，
你可以观看录制的视频。故选C项。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Price”部分关键句“Concessions: £75 (优惠价：75英镑)”和“Concessions are for
students, jobseekers, and disabled adults. (优惠价适用于学生、求职者和残疾成年人。)”可知，优惠适用于学
生、求职者和残疾成年人，优惠价格是每人75英镑，由此可知，一个失业的父亲和他一年级的儿子可以享
受优惠价格，应该付150英镑。故选C项。
B
My husband Stephen and I had planned a trip to Lithuania and Poland, but his worsening heart condition
prevented him from joining. He insisted I go alone, marking my first solo journey in over 20 years. Despite my
fears, I set off, feeling like I was on a flying Noah’s Ark surrounded by couples.
In Vilnius, I found comfort in a website, which offered pay-what-you-choose walking tours. These tours
became the highlight of my trip. I took five tours, each morning setting out to explore the city’s old town, a
UNESCO World Heritage Site, and sent Stephen photos each night. Our guide, Ieva, shared her deep knowledge of
history and culture. I connected with travelers from various backgrounds, including a Polish professor who invited
me to an art exhibit. I also traced my grandmother’s footsteps in Jewish Vilnius, visiting places she might have
known. These tours, full of surprises, were perfect for a solo traveler, offering connection and flexibility. On my
last day, Ieva gifted me a chocolate map of Lithuania for my enthusiastic participation.
I missed Stephen but grew increasingly confident in managing daily life challenges. I navigated apartment
lockboxes, shopped in local supermarkets, and cooked, activities I was once less skillful at. In Poland, I continued
with pay-what-you-choose tours, adapting to larger groups. I walked over 20,000 steps daily, often revisiting places
from the tours or discovering street festivals. In Lodz, I took a private tour with Milena, who helped me find my
family’s history, including the homes of my great aunts and their sufferings during the war.
Stephen was hospitalized just before I returned, and we spent his hospital stay looking at my trip photos and
videos. His recovery was slow, but my independent travels allowed me to manage our home smoothly, benefiting
us both. This journey not only reconnected me with my roots but also empowered me with a newfound confidence
in my ability to travel and live on my own.
4. Why did the author choose to travel alone?
A. She had a tight budget.
B. She argued with her husband.
C. Her husband was in bad health.
D. Her husband feared to travel abroad.
5. What can we learn about the author from paragraph 2?
A. She took all tours on her own. B. She bonded with some travellers.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C. She lost contact with her husband. D. She encountered many challenges.
6. What did the author do during the private tour in Lodz?
A. Visit places of interest. B. Attend a history course.
C. Participate in street festivals. D. Learn more about her family.
7. Which of the following best describes the author?
A. Independent. B. Ambitious. C. Warm-hearted. D. Generous.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因丈夫健康问题独自旅行的经历，通过探索家族历史和
个人成长，获得了新的自信和独立能力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“My husband Stephen and I had planned a trip to Lithuania and Poland, but his
worsening heart condition prevented him from joining. He insisted I go alone, marking my first solo journey in
over 20 years. (我和我的丈夫斯蒂芬计划了一次去立陶宛和波兰的旅行，但他的心脏病恶化，使他无法同行。
他坚持让我独自前往，这成为我二十多年来第一次独自旅行。)” 可知，作者选择独自旅行是因为丈夫身
体不好。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I connected with travelers from various backgrounds, including a Polish professor
who invited me to an art exhibit. (我与来自不同背景的旅行者建立了联系，其中包括一位邀请我参观艺术展
览的波兰教授。)”可知，作者与来自不同背景的旅行者建立了联系。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Lodz, I took a private tour with Milena, who helped me find my family's history,
including the homes of my great aunts and their sufferings during the war. (在罗兹，我和米莱娜一起进行了一次
私人旅行，她帮我探寻了家族的历史，包括我姑婆们的住所，以及她们在战争期间所遭受的苦难。)”可知，
在罗兹的私人旅行中，作者了解了更多关于她家族的历史。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“His recovery was slow, but my independent travels allowed me to manage our
home smoothly, benefiting us both. This journey not only reconnected me with my roots but also empowered me
with a newfound confidence in my ability to travel and live on my own. (他的康复过程很缓慢，但我这次独自旅
行让我能够从容地打理我们的家，这对我们两人都有好处。这次旅程不仅让我重新寻回了自己的根脉渊源，
还赋予了我一种新的自信，让我相信自己有能力独自旅行和生活。)”以及文中作者独自旅行，在旅行中处
理各种事务，如管理公寓锁箱、在当地超市购物、做饭等，可知作者能够独立处理很多事情，她是独立的。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司故选A。
C
Sarah Presch, digital marketing director at Dragon Metrics, highlights concerns about how Google manages
search results, particularly on controversial topics. She discovered that Google is essentially delivering information
based on what users want to see, rather than providing a balanced view, creating a “bias (偏见) machine”.
With over 6.3 million queries processed every second, Google's search results hold immense influence over
public knowledge and perception. Users tend to focus only on the first few links, limiting their exposure to diverse
viewpoints. This dynamic raises the issue of “filter bubbles”, where users may be trapped in a cycle that strengthens
their existing beliefs. Critics argue that the algorithms (算法) used by Google contribute significantly to this
problem, presenting a limited selection of information based on users’ preferences.
Mark Williams-Cook, founder of AlsoAsked, emphasizes the technical limitations of search engines and the
misunderstandings surrounding them. He references internal Google documents revealing that the company often
relies on user engagement data rather than comprehending content. This practice can promote confirmation bias,
leading users towards information that aligns with their views, similar to a child choosing an unhealthy diet based
only on preference.
Google acknowledges the complexity of its search system and emphasizes ongoing efforts to enhance its
algorithms to tackle these issues. While the company declares that it provides a range of viewpoints, the reality
remains that most users do not go beyond the top search results, which limits their exposure to diverse perspectives.
Critics believe Google should better educate users about how its search engine functions, as a clearer
understanding of these processes could foster critical consumption of information. As Google evolves into an
“answer engine” that provides direct information, the challenge of ensuring balanced and informative content
remains crucial for public knowledge.
8. What is a possible consequence of “filter bubbles”?
A. A craze for controversial topics. B. A prohibition on search engines.
C. Dependence on online information. D. Inaccessibility to differing opinions.
9. Why does Mark Williams-Cook criticize Google’s search engine?
A. It depends heavily on user data. B. It provides wrong information.
C. It promotes unhealthy lifestyles. D. It fails to comprehend instructions.
10. What does Google declare regarding search results?
A. It provides a diversity of ideas. B. It’s the users who are to blame.
C. Its algorithms are accurate enough. D. Its search system is far from complex.
11. What do critics suggest Google do?
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A. Provide easier access to information.
B. Teach more public knowledge online.
C. Educate its users about consumption habits.
D. Publicize its search engine’s working principle.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕Google搜索结果的管理方式，特别是其在处理有争议话题时的表现展开
了讨论，提出了关于Google可能创造“偏见机器”的观点。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“With over 6.3 million queries processed every second, Google's search results hold
immense influence over public knowledge and perception. Users tend to focus only on the first few links, limiting
their exposure to diverse viewpoints. This dynamic raises the issue of “filter bubbles”, where users may be trapped
in a cycle that strengthens their existing beliefs. Critics argue that the algorithms (算法) used by Google contribute
significantly to this problem, presenting a limited selection of information based on users’ preferences. (谷歌每秒
处理超过630万次查询，其搜索结果对公众知识和认知具有巨大影响。用户往往只关注前几个链接，限制
了他们接触多样化观点的机会。这种现象引发了“filter bubbles”问题，即用户可能陷入一个强化其现有信
念的循环中。批评者认为，谷歌使用的算法在很大程度上加剧了这一问题，因为它根据用户的偏好呈现有
限的信息选择。)”可知，“filter bubbles”可能使用户不能接受不同的意见。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Mark Williams-Cook, founder of AlsoAsked, emphasizes the technical limitations of
search engines and the misunderstandings surrounding them. He references internal Google documents revealing
that the company often relies on user engagement data rather than comprehending content. This practice can
promote confirmation bias, leading users towards information that aligns with their views, similar to a child
choosing an unhealthy diet based only on preference. (AlsoAsked的创始人Mark Williams-Cook强调了搜索引
擎的技术局限性以及围绕它们的误解。他引用了谷歌内部文件，揭示该公司通常依赖用户参与数据，而不
是理解内容。这种做法可能会助长确认偏误，使用户倾向于选择与其观点一致的信息，类似于孩子仅根据
偏好选择不健康的饮食)”可知，因为搜索引擎的技术在很大程度上取决于用户数据，所以Mark Williams-
Cook批评谷歌的搜索引擎。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Google acknowledges the complexity of its search system and emphasizes ongoing
efforts to enhance its algorithms to tackle these issues. While the company declares that it provides a range of
viewpoints, the reality remains that most users do not go beyond the top search results, which limits their exposure
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司to diverse perspectives. (谷歌承认其搜索系统的复杂性，并强调正在不断努力改进算法以解决这些问题。尽
管该公司声称提供多种观点，但现实情况是大多数用户不会浏览超出顶部搜索结果的内容，这限制了他们
接触多样化观点的机会。)”可知，谷歌对搜索结果声称提供多种观点。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Critics believe Google should better educate users about how its search engine
functions, as a clearer understanding of these processes could foster critical consumption of information. As Google
evolves into an “answer engine” that provides direct information, the challenge of ensuring balanced and
informative content remains crucial for public knowledge. (批评者认为，谷歌应该更好地教育用户了解其搜索
引擎的运作方式，因为对这些过程的更清晰理解可以促进信息的批判性消费。随着谷歌逐渐演变为一个提
供直接信息的“答案引擎”，确保内容平衡和信息丰富的挑战对于公众知识仍然至关重。要)”可知，批评
家们建议谷歌宣传其搜索引擎的工作原理。故选D项。
D
None of us would like to believe that we are capable of evil. However, Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment
showed that we all have this potential. It all depends on the situation.
Phillip Zimbardo was a researcher at Stanford University. In 1972, he recruited (招募) 24 mentally healthy,
male, college students for an experiment taking place in a fake (假的) prison in the basement of Stanford. These
participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: prison guards and prisoners. The guards received a uniform and
mirrored sunglasses to wear for the job. Then, after being sent home, the prisoners were publicly arrested at their
homes on a Sunday morning. They were processed at a real police station before being transported to the ‘prison’.
No one could have predicted what would happen next. The guards weren’t given any specific instructions on
how to behave. Yet, very soon they began acting in extreme ways: they prevented prisoners from eating, took away
their bedding, forced them to remove their clothes, and even punished them with chores such as cleaning toilets with
their bare hands. As well as this, the prisoners were submitting to the guards - even though they knew that they hadn’t
actually done anything wrong and weren’t even in a real prison!
After just thirty-six hours, a prisoner had to be removed from the study as he had sunk into a deep depression
with fits of anger and uncontrollable crying. A few days later, other prisoners displayed similar symptoms. The guards
also continued to abuse them. It was at this point that Zimbardo was told to stop the experiment. It was shut down
after just six days.
This experiment demonstrates the power of the situation in influencing how we act. Good people, just like you
or me, are capable of evil acts. However, the power of the situation doesn’t always have to be bad: it can also be a
force for good.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司Of course, we could never repeat this experiment for ethical (伦理的) reasons. This means that we need to assess
how valid Zimbardo’s conclusions really are. For example, demand characteristics - how the guards assumed they
should act - may have significantly shaped their behaviour.
.
12 What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The aim of the experiment. B. The design of the experiment.
C. The finding of the experiment. D. The limitation of the experiment.
13. What behaviours did the guards exhibit?
A. They abused prisoners. B. They criticized prisoners.
C. They followed the instructions. D. They committed crimes of violence.
14. Why did Zimbardo stop the experiment?
A. The experiment achieved its goals.
B. The experiment became unaffordable.
C. The guards turned out uncontrollable.
D. The prisoners suffered mental collapses.
15. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. A conflict in prison
B. A pioneer in psychology
C. The power of the situation
D. The importance of virtues
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是菲利普·津巴多1972年斯坦福监狱实验的过程及其对人性的深
刻启示。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Phillip Zimbardo was a researcher at Stanford University. In 1972, he recruited
(招募) 24 mentally healthy, male, college students for an experiment taking place in a fake (假的) prison in the
basement of Stanford. These participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: prison guards and prisoners. The
guards received a uniform and mirrored sunglasses to wear for the job. Then, after being sent home, the prisoners
were publicly arrested at their homes on a Sunday morning. They were processed at a real police station before being
transported to the ‘prison’. (菲利普·津巴多是斯坦福大学的一名研究员。1972年，他招募了24名心理健康、
男性大学生参与一项在斯坦福地下室的假监狱中进行的实验。这些参与者被随机分为两组：狱警和囚犯。
狱警得到了制服和反光太阳镜作为工作装备。随后，在周日早上，这些囚犯被从家中公开逮捕，他们在一
第8页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司个真正的警察局办理手续后被送往“监狱”。)”可知，第二段介绍描述了实验参与者的招募、分组、实验
环境以及角色的分配等信息，由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是实验的设计。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The guards weren’t given any specific instructions on how to behave. Yet, very
soon they began acting in extreme ways: they prevented prisoners from eating, took away their bedding, forced them
to remove their clothes, and even punished them with chores such as cleaning toilets with their bare hands. (狱警们
没有得到任何关于如何行事的具体指示。然而，很快他们就开始以极端的方式行事：他们阻止囚犯进食，
拿走他们的寝具，强迫他们脱掉衣服，甚至用诸如徒手清洁厕所等苦役来惩罚他们。)”可知，“狱警”在
没有指令的情况下剥夺“囚犯”的基本需求以及羞辱性惩罚等，由此可知，“狱警”们展现了虐待囚犯的
行为。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After just thirty-six hours, a prisoner had to be removed from the study as he had
sunk into a deep depression with fits of anger and uncontrollable crying. A few days later, other prisoners displayed
similar symptoms. The guards also continued to abuse them. (仅仅过了三十六个小时，一名囚犯不得不被从研
究中移除，因为他陷入了深深的抑郁中，伴有愤怒发作和无法控制的哭泣。几天后，其他囚犯也表现出类
似的症状。狱警们继续对他们进行虐待。)”可知，一些囚犯出现了严重的情绪崩溃，表现出抑郁、愤怒爆
发和无法控制的哭泣等症状，其他囚犯在几天后也表现出类似症状，由此可知，实验终止的直接原因是囚
犯的心理崩溃。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“None of us would like to believe that we are capable of evil. However, Zimbardo’s
Stanford prison experiment showed that we all have this potential. It all depends on the situation. (我们都不愿意相
信自己有能力做出坏事。然而，津巴多的斯坦福监狱实验表明，我们每个人都有这种潜在的可能性。这一
切都取决于所处的环境。)”以及下文介绍的 Zimbardo 的实验过程和第五段中的“This experiment
demonstrates the power of the situation in influencing how we act. Good people, just like you or me, are capable of
evil acts. However, the power of the situation doesn’t always have to be bad: it can also be a force for good. (这个
实验展示了环境在影响我们行为方面的强大力量。就像你我这样的好人，也有可能做出邪恶的行为。然而，
环境的力量并不总是负面的：它也可以成为一股向善的力量。)”可知，本文通过介绍斯坦福鉴于的实验，
说明了环境对人类行为的影响，强调环境因素可能激发“善”或“恶”的潜在倾向。所以，题目“环境的
力量”概括了本文的主旨大意，适合作为标题。故选C项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
第9页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司项。
We spend around a third of our lives sleeping. It is vital to our survival, but despite years of research, scientists
still aren’t entirely sure why we do it.
There have been many theories about why humans sleep, from a way to rest after the day’s activities to simply
a way to fill time until we can do something useful. ____16____. The body repairs itself just as well when we are
sitting quietly. And we wouldn’t need to catch up on sleep during the day if it were just to fill empty time at night.
One of the major problems with sleep insufficiency is a resulting decline in cognitive (认知) ability.____17____.
We will find ourselves struggling with memory, learning, planning and reasoning.
A lack of sleep can actually have severe effects on our mood and performance of everyday tasks. Sleep can be
divided into two broad stages: non-rapid eye movement (NREM), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
____18____. When this is occurring, this is the time when we sleep the deepest. Without NREM sleep, our ability
to form declarative memories, such as learning to associate pairs of words, can be seriously impaired. ____19____.
It is also the time of peak growth hormone (荷尔蒙) release in the body. This stage is important for cell
reproduction and repair.
____20____. Some scientists argue that it allows our brains a safe place to practice dealing with situations or
emotions that we might not encounter during our daily lives. Others think that it might be a way to unlearn
memories, or to process unwanted feelings or emotions. However, no one knows the real answer.
A. The majority of our sleep is NREM.
B. The purpose of REM sleep is unclear.
C. But all of these ideas are somewhat imperfect.
D. Our brains just don’t work properly without sleep.
E. Scientists managed to discover the secret of sleep.
F. People don’t know the role NREM plays in improving our health.
G. Deep sleep is important for turning short-term memories into long-term storage.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了睡眠对于人类的重要性，睡眠包括的两个阶段及科学家对不同阶段的
研究成果。
【16题详解】
前文“There have been many theories about why humans sleep, from a way to rest after the day’s activities to
simply a way to fill time until we can do something useful.(关于人类为什么睡觉，有很多理论，从在一天的活
动结束后的一种休息方式，到仅仅是一种打发时间直到我们可以做一些有用的事情的方式)”介绍了关于人
第10页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司们为什么睡觉的一些传统理论，后文“The body repairs itself just as well when we are sitting quietly. And we
wouldn’t need to catch up on sleep during the day if it were just to fill empty time at night.(当我们安静地坐着时，
身体也能自我修复。如果只是为了填补晚上的空虚时间，我们就不需要在白天补觉了)”反驳这些理论，C
选项“但所有这些想法多少都不完美”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
前文“One of the major problems with sleep insufficiency is a resulting decline in cognitive (认知) ability.(睡眠不
足的一个主要问题是导致认知能力下降)”说明睡眠不足导致认知功能下降，后文“We will find ourselves
struggling with memory, learning, planning and reasoning.(我们会发现自己在记忆、学习、计划和推理方面挣
扎)”具体说明睡眠不足导致认知功能下降的表现，D选项“没有睡眠，大脑无法正常工作”直接说明睡眠
对于大脑认知的重要性，引出下文睡眠不足产生的后果。故选D。
【18题详解】
前文“Sleep can be divided into two broad stages: non-rapid eye movement (NREM), and rapid eye movement
(REM) sleep.(睡眠可分为两大阶段：非快速眼动（NREM）和快速眼动（REM）睡眠)”说明了睡眠的两个
阶段，后文“When this is occurring, this is the time when we sleep the deepest. Without NREM sleep, our ability
to form declarative memories, such as learning to associate pairs of words, can be seriously impaired.(当这种情况
发生时，这是我们睡得最深的时候。如果没有非快速眼动睡眠，我们形成陈述性记忆的能力，比如学习将
成对的单词联系起来的能力，就会受到严重损害)”表示空处说明NREM阶段的发生，A选项“我们大部
分的睡眠都是NREM阶段”符合语境。故选A。
【19题详解】
前文“Without NREM sleep, our ability to form declarative memories, such as learning to associate pairs of
words, can be seriously impaired.(如果没有非快速眼动睡眠，我们形成陈述性记忆的能力，比如学习将成对
的单词联系起来的能力，就会受到严重损害)”表明非快速眼动睡眠对于记忆力的重要性，G选项“深度睡
眠对于将短期记忆转化为长期记忆很重要”表明睡眠是如何对于记忆力产生重要影响的。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Some scientists argue that it allows our brains a safe place to practice dealing with situations or
emotions that we might not encounter during our daily lives. Others think that it might be a way to unlearn
memories, or to process unwanted feelings or emotions. However, no one knows the real answer.(一些科学家认为，
它让我们的大脑有一个安全的地方来练习处理我们在日常生活中可能不会遇到的情况或情绪。另一些人则
认为，这可能是一种忘却记忆的方式，或者是处理不想要的感觉或情绪的方式。然而，没有人知道真正的
答案)”并结合上一段结构可知，本段描述另外一个睡眠阶段REM的目的，但是这是不确定的，B选项
“快速眼动睡眠的目的尚不清楚”符合本段主旨。故选B。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Until my third year in college, I was still clueless about my vision and goals. Fortunately, an accident
____21____ me to reflect on my life.
It was a cold December evening as I walked along the street. Suddenly, a high-speed bus ____22____ a small
car. The driver was pinned in his seat by the force of the ____23____. A crowd quickly ____24____ around the
scene, yet ____25____, no one seemed to be taking action. I rushed to the car to ____26____ the driver’s condition.
He was in blood. I called out to the onlookers for ____27____ in removing him from the car and gently ____28____
him on the road. I was upset to learn that no ambulance was ____29____ at that moment. Therefore, we decided to
transport him to the hospital in a nearby ____30____.
On the way, I kept comforting him. Unfortunately, within a short period, his breathing ____31____. At the
hospital, the doctors ____32____ the worst: he had passed away. This was the first time I had witnessed death so
closely. I understood the ____33____ of public services and the value of life.
That day marked a turning point for me and showed me the ____34____ of life. I ____35____ to shift my
career path and began preparing for the Civil Service exams, aiming to serve society more effectively.
21. A. forbade B. required C. motivated D. forced
22. A. passed by B. caught up C. turned into D. crashed into
23. A. impact B. explosion C. wind D. fall
24. A. gathered B. wandered C. drove D. sat
25. A. undoubtedly B. admittedly C. inspiringly D. surprisingly
26. A. ignore B. assess C. change D. criticize
27. A. investment B. information C. assistance D. permission
28. A. placed B. rocked C. threw D. beat
29. A. chaotic B. comfortable C. affordable D. available
30. A. container B. vehicle C. hotel D. restaurant
31. A. ceased B. quickened C. stabilized D. recovered
32. A. experienced B. confirmed C. denied D. saved
33. A. categories B. arrangements C. limitations D. prospects
34. A. sign B. joy C. beginning D. purpose
35. A. failed B. hesitated C. resolved D. continued
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D
第12页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过一次偶然 的交通事故，深刻反思生命意义，并
决定投身公共服务以更好地服务社会。
【21题详解】
的
考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运 是，一次意外促使我反思自己的人生。A. forbade禁止；B. required
要求；C. motivated激发，促使；D. forced强迫。根据后文“me to reflect on my life”可知，这次意外让作
者开始反思自己的人生，表示这次意外激发了作者的思考，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：突然，一辆高速行驶的公共汽车撞上了一辆小汽车。A. passed by经过；B.
caught up赶上；C. turned into变成；D. crashed into撞上。根据后文“a small car”及“The driver was
pinned in his seat”可知，司机被困在座位上，由此可推断出是公交车撞上了小汽车，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：司机被撞击的力量困在座位上。A. impact影响，撞击力；B. explosion爆炸；C.
wind风；D. fall跌落。根据前文“a high-speed bus 2 a small car”可知，这里描述的是撞击产生
的力量，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一群人很快聚集在事故现场周围，然而，令人惊讶的是，似乎没有人采取行动。
A. gathered聚集；B. wandered徘徊；C. drove驾驶；D. sat坐。根据后文“around the scene”可知，发生事
故后人们会聚集到现场，所以这里是一群人迅速聚集在事故现场周围，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一群人很快聚集在事故现场周围，然而，令人惊讶的是，似乎没有人采取行动。
A. undoubtedly无疑地；B. admittedly诚然；C. inspiringly鼓舞人心地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据后
文“no one seemed to be taking action”可知，没有人采取行动让作者感到惊讶，故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲向汽车去评估司机的状况。A. ignore忽视；B. assess评估；C. change改变；
D. criticize批评。根据后文“the driver’s condition”以及“He was in blood.”可知，作者冲向汽车是为了评
估判定司机的状况，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我向围观者呼救，请求帮忙把他从车里救出来，并轻轻地把他放在路上。A.
investment投资；B. information信息；C. assistance帮助；D. permission许可。根据后文“in removing him
第13页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司from the car”可知，作者一个人无法把司机从车里救出来，所以向围观者请求帮助，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. placed放置；B. rocked摇晃；C. threw扔；D. beat打。根据前文
“removing him from the car”以及后文“him on the road”可知，作者和旁观者一起把司机轻轻地放在路上，
故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很沮丧地得知当时没有救护车可用。A. chaotic混乱的；B. comfortable舒
适的；C. affordable买得起的；D. available可获得的，可用的。根据前文“I was upset to learn”及后文
“we decided to transport him to the hospital in a nearby 10 ”可知，作者感到沮丧，是因为得知没有
救护车可用，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们决定用附近的一辆车把他送到医院。A. container容器；B. vehicle车
辆；C. hotel旅馆；D. restaurant餐馆。根据前文“transport him to the hospital”可知，没有救护车可用，所
以作者一行人决定用附近的一辆车把司机送到医院，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，在很短的时间内，他的呼吸停止了。A. ceased停止；B. quickened
加快；C. stabilized稳定；D. recovered恢复。根据后文“he had passed away”可知，司机去世了，所以这
里是他的呼吸停止了，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在医院，医生证实了最坏的情况：他已经去世了。A. experienced经历；B.
confirmed确认，证实；C. denied否认；D. saved拯救。根据后文“he had passed away”可知，医生确定了
司机已经去世这个事实，所以是医生证实了最坏的情况，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我理解了公共服务的局限性以及生命的价值。A. categories类别；B.
arrangements安排；C. limitations局限性；D. prospects前景。根据前文“no ambulance was 9 at
that moment”可知，当时没有救护车可用，这让作者意识到了公共服务的局限性，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一天标志着我的一个转折点，也让我明白了生命的意义。A. sign标志；B.
joy快乐；C. beginning开始；D. purpose目的，重要意义，有价值的意义。根据前文“That day marked a
turning point for me”以及“the value of life”可知，这次经历对作者来说是一个转折点，让作者明白了生命
的意义，故选D。
【35题详解】
第14页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定改变我的职业道路，并开始准备公务员考试，目的是更有效地服务社会。
A. failed失败；B. hesitated犹豫；C. resolved决定；D. continued继续。根据后文“to shift my career path
and began preparing for the Civil Service exams”可知，作者开始准备公务员考试，所以是决定改变职业道路，
故选C。
第 II 卷 (本卷共计 55 分)
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every morning, 79-year-old Luo Licai will meet his companions at Sanyi Shuyuan, a teahouse in Nanhu
community in Chongqing. The 18 teahouses in the community, transformed ____36____residential homes and run
by locals, are well-known gathering____37____(spot) for local tea drinkers and attract thousands of visits each
year.
China has been using such urban renewal projects to build____38____(live), green and smart cities, as well as
boost the country’s high-quality development. Urban renewal involves the reconstruction of public spaces and
facilities that are usually unsuitable for development,____39____ (create) a new urban development model to help
people lead better lives. ____40____(locate) in the commercial center of Nan’an, the community consists of 81
buildings across eight blocks. It was constructed in the 1980s primarily____41____(house) employees of local
factories. The restructuring and closure of local enterprises over the years presented significant challenges for the
community, including the____42____(absent) of property management firms, neighborhood
committees____43____insufficient funds for repairs.
In recent years, the local government____44____(prioritize) the community’s transformation as a key social
project. The community,_____45_____practice was listed as one of the top 10 innovative examples of social
governance in China, has received several national honors.
【答案】36. from
37. spots 38. livable
39. creating
40. Located
41. to house
42. absence
43. and 44. has prioritized
45. whose
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重庆南湖社区的社区改造项目及成果。
第15页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：社区内的18家茶馆由当地人经营，由住宅改造而成，是当地饮茶者的著名聚会场所，
每年吸引数千人前来。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be transformed from…”，意为“由……转换
成”，故空格处应用介词“from”。故填from。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：社区内的18家茶馆由当地人经营，由住宅改造而成，是当地饮茶者的著名聚会场所，每
年吸引数千人前来。空格处应用名词作表语，“spot”意为“场所”，为可数名词，根据“18 teahouses”
可知，应用其复数形式“spots”。故填spots。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国一直在利用这些城市更新项目去建设宜居、绿色和智慧城市，并促进国家的高质
量发展。“cities”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，句中指宜居的城市，“livable”意为“适宜居住
的”。故填livable。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：城市更新涉及重建通常不适合开发的公共空间和设施，创造一种新的城市发展模
式，帮助人们过上更好的生活。句中有谓语动词“involves”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中“创造一种
新的城市发展模式”是一种顺其自然的结果，故应用“create”的现在分词“creating”作状语，表主动。
故填creating。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该社区位于南岸的商业中心，由8个街区的81栋建筑组成。句中有谓语动词
“consists of”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“be located in…”意为“位于……”，“community”和
“locate”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“locate”的过去分词“located”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。
故填Located。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它建于20世纪80年代，主要是为当地工厂的员工提供住房。句中有谓语动词
“was constructed”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“为当地工厂的员工提供住房”是“建造社区”的目的，
故空格处应用不定式“to house”作目的状语。故填to house。
【
42题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，当地企业的重组和关闭给社区带来了重大挑战，包括缺乏物业管理公司、居委
会和维修资金不足。“including”为介词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“absence”意为“缺乏”，为不可
数名词。故填absence。
【43题详解】
第16页/共20页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司考查连词。句意：多年来，当地企业的重组和关闭给社区带来了重大挑战，包括缺乏物业管理公司、居委
会和维修资金不足。“缺乏物业管理公司、居委会”和“维修资金不足”之间为并列关系，应用连词
“and”，表并列。故填and。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：近年来，当地政府将社区转型作为重点社会项目。根据句意和句中“In recent years”可
知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，“the local government”和“has”连用，
“prioritize”的过去分词为“prioritized”。故填has prioritized。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该社区的实践被列为中国十大社会治理创新范例之一，并获得了多项国家荣誉。分
析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“community”，指物，在从句中作定语，即“The
community’s practice was listed as…”，故应用关系代词“whose”引导从句。故填whose。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
46. 假定你是李华，外教 Mike准备开展读书月活动，让学生读完指定的五本英文名著，你认为这样的安
排存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
I really appreciate your effort to organize the reading month. However, requiring all students to finish five
assigned classic English books may cause some issues.
Firstly, the books might be too challenging for some students, leading to stress. Secondly, limited time could
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司discourage thorough reading. Could we adjust the plan? Maybe reduce the number to 2-3 books and let students
choose from a list based on their interests. Alternatively, grouping students to read different books and share
summaries could save time while ensuring engagement.
Thanks for considering my suggestions.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
的
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，外教 Mike 准备开展读书月活动，让学生读完指定 五本英文名
著，要求考生写一封邮件，说明这样安排存在的问题，并提出建议。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
导致：lead to → result in
确保：ensure → guarantee
考虑：consider → take ... into account/consideration
建议：suggestions → advice
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：However, requiring all students to finish five assigned classic English books may cause some issues.
拓展句：Some issues may be caused if all students are required to finish five assigned classic English books.
【点睛】【高分句型1】However, requiring all students to finish five assigned classic English books may cause
some issues. (运用了动名词作主语)
【高分句型2】Firstly, the books might be too challenging for some students, leading to stress. (运用了现在分词
作状语)
第二节（满分 25 分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Walking across campus with every pair of eyes on you can be embarrassing, especially when you’re 13 years
old. I looked around me in desperate search of a friendly face, a smile, anything. I was quite disappointed, to say the
least. And I, in turn, felt somewhat foolish, walking across campus with a false smile on my face. I was simply
attempting to follow the advice my mother had given me years before: when things get awkward, smile. No matter
where you are a smile will always be understood. A smile is universal. At that very moment, however, I felt my
mother’s advice didn’t work.
On top of it all, my mind was racing with questions and concerns typical of any 13-year old on the first day of
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司school: where would I sit at lunch? Who would I talk to? Not to mention how would I make friends when I didn’t
even speak the language? My heartbeat quickened and I felt nervous. Still, I did my best to maintain calm so as not
to let my guard down and reveal to others just how scared I truly was.
When the teacher introduced me to the class as the “American girl”, 10 sets of hands immediately shot up. Some
students had questions, and others wanted to practice their English with me. Because I didn’t speak much Chinese
yet, I communicated with the other students through hand motions mixed in with broken English and Chinese. Despite
the attention, I wasn’t sure how much of it was positive. It was almost as if they weren’t sure what to make of me and
I was being examined. Then again, who could blame them? After all I was the first American ever to attend the school.
So essentially, we were all first timers.
注意: 1.续写词数应为 150 左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Then came the first class——Chinese painting.
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As I burnt with great embarrassment, Li Hua, my deskmate, gave me a warm smile.
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【答案】Para1：
（版本一事情搞糟）Then came the first class-Chinese painting. The teacher showed us how to use a brush to
paint bamboo on a piece of white paper. Then all the other students got down to work. However, it was quite difficult
for me. How could I hold the brush and made it go as I wished? Hesitating for a while, I tried dipping the brush into
the ink bottle. When I took it out, drops of black ink fell on the white paper. There was no bamboo, but big black
dots! So embarrassed was I that I felt blood rushing to my face.
（版本二无从下手）Then came the first class-Chinese painting. To tell the truth, I made every bit of effort to
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司catch up with the teacher’s words, but still couldn’t understand what he was instructing at all. Then all the students
were required to finish a piece of work on their own. Seeing those strange drawing tools and the blank paper on the
desk, I felt really stressed because I had no idea where to start, also afraid of others laughing at me. I sat rooted in my
seat, my face flushing with embarrassment
Para2:
As I burnt with great embarrassment, Li Hua, my deskmate, gave me a warm smile. He seemed to understand
my awkward situation, so he turned to me and carefully explained what I should do with fluent English. With his
patient guidance, I managed to finish my first Chinese painting! Simple as it was, the teacher praised my work in
front of the class. I couldn’t conceal my pleasure, and joy danced all the way to my heart, for I knew this would be a
wonderful beginning of a new school life, just starting with a warm and friendly smile.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了13岁的作者从美国来到中国，在新学校里的学习与生活故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后是第一节课——中国画。”可知，第一段可描写作者在学习中国画时遇到的困
难。
②由第二段首句内容“当我感到非常尴尬的时候，我的同桌李华给了我一个温暖的微笑。”可知，第二段
可描写同桌李华对作者给予热心的帮助。
2.续写线索：开始——搞糟——尴尬——帮助——完成——快乐——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始：get down to/begin to do
②完成：finish/complete
③努力：try/make great efforts/attempt
情绪类
①尴尬：embarrassed/akward/in a devil of a hole.
②快乐：couldn’t conceal my pleasure/be pleased
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Hesitating for a while, I tried dipping the brush into the ink bottle. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]. So embarrassed was I that I felt blood rushing to my face. (运用了so…that固定句型，及so位于
句首引起的部分倒装)
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