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2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频

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2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频
2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析(卷一)_英语四六级整合_英语四六级真题版本二此版为主此文件夹会持续更新_六级真题_1.六级真题+答案解析+听力音频_2014年-2022年真题解析音频

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2018 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解(第 1 套) Part I Writing 审题思路: 这是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文。此次话题——雇主与雇员之间的信任是日常生活中经常提及的话题,因此 写起来应该并不难。考生应该将重点放在第二段阐述雇主与雇员彼此信任带来的益处上,如相互信任有助于提高员 工的工作热情和工作效率;有利于营造愉悦的工作氛围;有益于公司和个人的发展及进步。 高分范文: 高分范文 精彩点评 TheImportanceofBuildingTrustBetween 引出话题:信任是一切商业活动的基础。 EmployersandEmployees 提出观点:雇主与雇员之间彼此信任有助 ①It is an undeniable fact that trust can lay a solid foundation for 于促进公司的发展。 commercial activities. ②Therefore, building trust between employers and 分别使用Tobeginwith、Next、Inaddition employeesplaysacrucialroleinboostingacompany’sdevelopment. 具体阐明雇主与雇员彼此信任带来的益 ③To begin with, as the saying goes, the best bosses understand the art 处。 of delegation. If a boss believes in his people and try his best to delegate 使用 Taking into account…总结全文,再 instead of micromanage, this belief can drive him to create an environment 次重申自己的观点。 where employees would have more passion for work and work more efficiently. ④ Next, with trust, employers and employees can achieve 加分亮点 consensus, build harmonious cooperation and have effective communication, lay a solid foundation for…为……打下坚 which help to create a pleasant working atmosphere. ⑤In addition, not 实的基础 surprisingly, building trust between the two parties can directly promote the plays a crucial role in…对……起至关重 growth of the company and indirectly spur continuous development of the 要的作用 individuals. asthesayinggoes常言道 ⑥Taking into account what we have discussed above, we may safely delegation授权,委派 arrive at a conclusion that it is sensible for both employers and employees to micromanage微观管理 keepinmindthatmutualtrustcontributestorealizingawin-winsituation. consensus共识 全文翻译: 雇主语雇员间建立信任的重要性 不可否认,信任会为商业活动奠定坚实的基础。因此,在雇主和雇员之间建立信任对促进公司的发展起着至关 重要的作用。 首先,俗话说,最好的老板懂得授权的艺术。如果一个老板相信他的员工,并努力将权力分配给手下的人而不 是事无巨细地管理,那么这种管理理念会驱使他创造一种能让员工对工作更有激情,工作起来更有效率的工作环境。 其次,如果彼此间有了信任,雇主和员工就可以达成共识,建立和谐的合作关系,并进行有效的沟通,这些都有利 于创造良好的工作氛围。此外,毫无疑问,雇主与雇员的彼此信任会直接促进公司的发展,并间接促进个人的持续 发展。 综上所述,我们可以得出结论:相互信任有助于实现双赢,雇主的员工时刻牢记这一点是明智的。 Part II Listening Comprehension SectionA ConversationOne M:What’sallthat?Areyougoingtomakeasalad? W:NoI’mgoingtomakeagazpacho. M:What'sthat? W:(1)GazpachoisacoldsoupfromSpain.It’smostlyvegetables.Iguessyoucouldcallitaliquidsalad. M:Coldsoup?Soundsweird.W:It's delicious.Trustme.I trieditforthefirsttimeduringmysummer vacationinSpain.Yousee,inthesouthofSpain,it gets very hot in the summer, up to 40°C. So a cold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato, cucumber,bellpeppers,oliveoilandstalebread. M:Stalebread?Surelyyoumeanbreadfordippingintothesoup? W:No.Breadiscrushedandblendedinlikeeverythingelse.(2)Itaddstextureandthicknesstothesoup. M:Mm.(3-1)Andisithealthy? W:(3-2) Sure.As I said earlier it's mostly vegetables.You can also add different things if you like, such as hard-boiled egg orcuredham. M:Curedham?What‟sthat? W:That'sanotherSpanishdelicacy.Haveyouneverheardofit?Itisquitefamous. M:No,isitgoodtoo? W: Oh, yeah, definitely. It’s amazing. It’s a little dry and salty, and it's very expensive because (4)it comes from a special type ofpigthatonlyeatsaspecialtypeoffood.Theharmiscoveredinsalttodryandpreserveit.Andlefttohangforup totwoyears.Ithasaverydistinctflavor. M:Mm.Soundsinteresting.WherecanIfindsome? W:ItusedtobedifficulttogetSpanishproduce here.Butit's nowalotmorecommon.Most largesupermarketchainshave curedhaminlittlepacketsbutinSpainyoucombineawholeleg. M:Awholepegleg?Whywouldanybodywantsomuchham? W:InSpain,manypeoplebuyawholelegforspecialgroupevents,suchasChristmas.Theycutitthemselvesintoverythin sliceswithalongflatknife. Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 未听先知:预览四道题各选项,由salad、soup、vegetable、pig、bread等词可以初步推测,对话内容与饮食有关, 再结合Spanish、nutritious、ingredient、cooking、special等词可以进一步推测,对话内容涉及某种或某几种西班牙 特色食品,并且讨论了食品的制作过程、营养成分等问题。 1:What dowe learn aboutgazpacho? 答案:B 详解:对话中,女士清楚地解释说gazpacho是西班牙的一种冷菜汤。虽然接下来女士对男士说把gazpacho理解为 一种液体沙拉也是可以的,但这只是为了让男士对gazpacho有更直观的认识,不能认定为gazpacho是沙拉。因此 答案为B。 2:For what purpose isstale bread mixed intogazpacho? 答案:A 详解:对话中女士说,往汤里加入干面包是为了让汤口感更好,更浓稠。因此答案为A。 3:Why does the woman think gazpacho ishealthy? 答案:D 详解:对话中,当男士问这种汤是否健康时,女士十分肯定地说它很健康,因为这种汤是以蔬菜为主要原料制作 而成的。因此答案为D。 4:What does thewoman say about curedham? 答案:C 详解:对话中,女士给男士解释curedham时说,这是另一种西班牙美食。后面又提到这种腌制的火腿非常昂贵, 因为它取自一种特殊品种的猪,而且这种猪只吃一种特殊的食物。因此答案为C。 ConversationTwo M:Hello,Iwishtobuyabottleofwine. W:Hi,yes.What kind of wine would you like? M:Idon'tknow.Sorry.Idon'tknowmuchaboutwine. W:That‟snoproblematall.What‟stheoccasionandhowmuchwouldyouliketospend? M: It's for my boss. It‟s his birthday. I know he likes wine, but I don't know what type. I also do not want anything tooexpensive,maybemid-range.Howmuchwouldyousayisamid-rangebottleofwineapproximately? W:Well, it varies greatly. Our lowest prices are around $6 a bottle, (5)but those are table wines. They are not very special. AndIwouldnotsuggestthemasagift.Ontheotherend,ourmostexpensivebottlesareover$150.Ifyouarelookingfor something priced in the middle, I would say anything between $30 and $60 would make a decent gift. How does that sound? M:Mm,yeah.(6)Iguesssomethinginthevicinityof30or40wouldbegood.Whichtypewouldyourecommend? W:(7) I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They are generally more popular than whites, and can usually be paired with food more easily. Our specialty here are Italian wines, and these tend to be fruity with medium acidity. (8-1)This onehereis aChianti, whichis perhapsItaly's mostfamous type ofredwine.Alternatively,you may wishto try and surprise your boss with something less common, such as the Zinfandel. The grapes are originally native to Croatia but this winery is in east in Italy and it has a more spicy and peppery flavor. So to summarize, the Chianti is more classicalandtheZinfandelmoreexciting.Botharesimilarlypricedatjustunder$40. M:(8-2)IwillgowithChiantithen.Thanks. Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard. 未听先知:预览四道题各选项,由选项中的gifts、wine等词可以初步推测,对话内容与购买葡萄酒作为礼物送人有 关,再结合第6题选项中的不同价格区间,第7、8两题选项中的Italians、spicy、redwine等词可以进一步推测, 对话内容涉及意大利红葡萄酒,并且两人谈到了葡萄酒的价格、口味方面。 5:What doesthe woman think oftablewines? 答案:B 详解:对话中,女士对男士说,她店里最便宜的葡萄酒大约6美元一瓶,但这些都是普通的佐餐酒,没有什么特 别之处,她不建议男士买这种葡萄酒作为礼物。也就是说,这种tablewine不是体面的礼物,答案为B。 6:What istheprice range ofwine theman willconsider? 答案:A 详解:对话中,男士提到,他希望购买价格在30或40美元左右的葡萄酒。因此答案为A。 7:Whydoes thewoman recommend redwines 答案:D 详解:对话中,女士建议男士购买红葡萄酒,因为红葡萄酒通常比白葡萄酒更受欢迎,并且红葡萄酒与食物更容 易搭配。也就是说,红葡萄酒可以与不同的食物进行搭配饮用,答案为D。 8:What dowelearn about thewine theman finallybought? 答案:D 详解:对话末尾,男士决定要买Chianti(基安蒂红葡萄酒),而根据女士此前的介绍,Chianti是意大利最有名的 一种红葡萄酒。因此答案为D。 SectionB PassageOne (9)Many people enjoy secret codes.The harder the code, the more some people will try to figure it out. In wartime, codes are especially important. They help army send news about battles and signs of enemy forces. Neither side wants its code broken by the other. (10-1)One very important code was never broken. It was used during World War two by theAmericans. It was spoken code, never written down, and it was developed and used by Navajo Indians. They were called the Navajo code talkers. The Navajo created the codes in their own language. Navajo is hard to learn and only a few people know it. So it was pretty certain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers. In addition, the talkers used code words. They called a submarine and an iron fish and a small bomb thrown by hand a potato. If they wanted to spell something, they used code words for letters of theAlphabet. For instance, the letterAwas ant or apple or ax. The code talkers worked mostly in the islands in the Pacific. One or two would be assigned a group of soldiers. They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the next group.And he would relay the information to his commander. (10-2)The code talkers played an important part in several battles. They helped the troops coordinate their movements and attacks. After the war, theU.S. governments honored them for what they had accomplished. Theirs was the most successful wartime code everused. Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 未听先知:预览三道题各选项,由各选项中的Decoding、army、breakingenemysecretcodes可以初步推测,该短文 与军用密码的破译有关,再结合选项中的helptheU.S.army、WorldWar Ⅱ、PacificWar、militarycode等词可以进 一步推测,短文内容涉及二战期间美国军队在太平洋区域使用的密码。 9.What does thespeaker say manypeople enjoydoing? 答案:C 详解:短文开头即指出,很多人喜欢密码。密码越难,他们就越想要破译出来。也就是说,很多人喜欢破译秘密 消息,答案为C。 10.Whatdowe learn about theNavajo code talkers? 答案:A 详解:短文中提到,在二战期间,美国的一种密码从未被敌方破译。这种密码以印第安部落纳瓦霍人的语言为基 础发展而来,没有书面形式,只是在纳瓦霍人之间口口相传。纳瓦霍密码员帮助军队协调行动和攻击,在战争中起 着重要作用。由此可知,他们在二战期间给予了美国军队巨大的帮助,答案为A。 11.Whatis thespeaker mainly talkingabout? 答案:C 详解:短文以人民喜欢破译密码开头,引出了二战中从未被成功破译的Navajo密码,之后短文对这种密码的编译、 使用者、使用方法以及战后美国政府对这些密码人员的奖励进行了介绍。由此可以判断,文章围绕着Navajo密码 展开,向读者全面讲述了这种从未被成功破译的密码,答案为C。 PassageTwo If you are young and thinking about your career,you want to know where you can make a living.Well, (12)there’s going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge-intensive jobs in the next 20 years, particularly in the two largest sectors of the labor force with professional skills. One is teaching, and the other, health care. You have so many applications and software and platforms that are going to come in and provide information and service in these two fields, which means a lot of health care and education sectors will be radically changed and a lot of jobs will be lost. (13)Now, where will the new jobs be found? Well, the one sector of the economy that can't be easily duplicated by even small technologies is the caring sector—the personal care sector. That is, you can't really get a robot to do a great massage or physical therapy, or you can't get the kind of personal attention you need with regard to therapy or any other personal service. There could be very high-end personal services. (14)Therapist do charge a lot of money. I think there's no limit to the amount of personal attention and personal care people would like if they could afford it. But, the real question in the future is how come people afford these things if they don't have money,because they can't get a job that pays enough. (15)That's why I wrote this book, which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructivechanges towhat weused to consider high-incomework. Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. 未听先知:预览四道题各选项,由knowledge-intensivejobs、replaced、revolutionize、robotics、next20years和technology 等词可推测,短文内容与未来20年科技发展给就业方面所带来的影响有关。 12.What does thespeaker say willhappen in thenext20years? 答案:B 详解:短文开头提到,未来20年,一大批知识密集型的工作将会被科技所取代。因此答案为B。 13.Wherewill young people have morechances to findjobs? 答案:C 详解:短文中明确提到,个人护理领域的工作不可能轻易地被技术复制,即使是智能技术也不行。因此,将来人 们在这一领域应该可以比较容易找到工作,答案为C。14.What does thespeaker say abouttherapist? 答案:A 详解:短文中提到,理疗师们确实收费很高。因此答案为A。 15.What isthe speaker’s bookabout? 答案:B 详解:短文末尾,讲话者说,她的这本书主要讨论的是在未来社会,当技术给我们曾经认为的高收入工作带来破 坏性变化的时候,我们应该如何重新规划经济。也就是说,该书围绕技术对传统高收入工作带来的破坏性影响展开, 答案为B。 SectionC RecordingOne American researchers have discovered the world's oldest paved road, a 4,600-year-old highway. (16)It linked a stone pit in the Egyptian desert to waterways that carried blocks to monument sites along the Nile. The 8-mile road is at least 500 years older than any previously discovered road. It is the only paved road discovered in ancient Egypt, said geologist Thomas Bown of the United States Geological Survey. He reported the discovery on Friday. "The road probably doesn't rank with the pyramids as a construction feat, but it is a major engineering achievement," said his colleague, geologist James Harrell of the University of Toledo. "Not only is the road earlier than we thought possible, we didn't even think they built roads." (17)The researchers also made a discovery in the stone pit at the northern end of the road: the first evidence that the Egyptians used rock saws. "This is the oldest example of saws being used forcutting stone," said Bown’s colleague James Hoffmeier ofWheaton College inIllinois. "That's two technologies we didn't know they had," Harrell said. "And we don't know why they were both abandoned." The road was discovered in the Faiyum Depression, about 45 miles southwest of Cairo. Short segments of the road had been observed by earlier explorers, Bown said, but they failed to realize its significance or follow up on their observations. Bown and his colleagues stumbled across it while they were doing geological mapping in the region. (18)The road was clearly built to provide services for the newly discovered stone pit. Bown and Harrell have found the camp that housed workers at the stone pit. The road appears today to go nowhere, ending in the middle of the desert. When it was built, its terminal was a dock on the shore of Lake Moeris, which had an elevation of about 66 feet above sea level, the same as the dock. Lake Moeris received its water from the annual floods of the Nile. At the time of the floods, the river and lake were at the same level and connected through a gap in the hills near the modern villages of el-Lahun and Hawara. Harrell and Bown believe that blocks were loaded onto barges during the dry season, then floated over totheNileduring thefloods tobeshipped offto themonument sites at GizaandSaqqara. Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 未听先知:预览三道题各选项,由选项中的thelongestroadinancientEgypt、constructedsome500yearsago和connect thevillagesalongtheNile等词句可推测,讲座内容与古埃及的一条路有关。第16题考查有关这条路的细节信息;第 17题可能考查在这条路上或其周围的发现;第18题可能考查这条路的建造目的。 16.What dowelearn from thelecture about theworld’s oldest paved road inEgypt? 答案:D 详解:讲座开头提到,美国研究人员发现了世界上最古老的人工铺就的道路,它将埃及沙漠里的一个采石场和运 送石块的水路连接了起来。因此答案为D。 17.What didthe researchers discover in thestonepit? 答案:A 详解:讲座中提到,研究人员在这条路北端的采石场发现了埃及人使用岩石锯的第一个证据,这是人们使用锯子 来切割石头的最古老的例子。因此答案为A。 18.For what purpose was thepaved roadbuilt? 答案:B 详解:讲座中明确提到,这条路显然是为了给新发现的采石场提供服务而建造的。因此答案为B。RecordingTwo The thin, extremely sharp needles didn’t hurt at all going in. Dr. Gong pierced them into my left arm, around the elbow that had been bothering me. (19)Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and, strangely,intomyright arm, and then into bothmy closedeyelids. There wasn’t any discomfort, just a mild warming sensation. However, I did begin to wonder what had driven me here, to the office of Dr. James Gong, in NewYork‟sChinatown. Then I remembered-the torturing pain inthat left elbow. (20)(Several trips to a hospital and two expensive, uncomfortable medical tests had failed to produce even a diagnosis.“Maybe you lean on your left arm too much,”the doctor concluded, suggesting I see a bone doctor. During the hours spent waiting in vain to see a bone doctor, I decided to take another track and try acupuncture.)AChinese-American friend recommended Dr. Gong. I took the subway to Gong‟s second-floor office marked with a hand-painted sign.Dr.Gong speaks English, but not often. Most of my questions to him were greeted with a friendly laugh, but I managed to let him know where my arm hurt. He asked me to go into a room, had me lie down on a bed, and went to work. In the next room, I learned, a woman dancer was also getting a treatment. As I lay there a while, I drifted intoa dream-like stateand fantasized about what she lookedlike. Acupuncturists today are as likely to be found on Park Avenue as on Mott Street. In all, there are an estimated 10,000 acupuncturists in the country. Nowadays, a lot of medical doctors have learned acupuncture techniques; so have a number of dentists. (21)Reason? Patient demand. Few, though, can adequately explain how acupuncture works. Acupuncturists may say that the body has more than 800 acupuncture points. A life force called qi circulates through the body. Points on the skin are energetically connected to specific organs, body structures and systems. Acupuncture points are stimulated to balance the circulation of qi.”The truth is, though acupuncture is at least 2,200 years old,“nobody really knows what‟s happening,”says Paul Zmiewski, a Ph.D. in Chinese studies who practices acupuncture in Philadelphia. After five treatments, there has been dramatic improvement in my arm, and the pain is a fraction of what it was. The mainly silent Dr. Gong finally even offered a diagnosis for what troubled me.“Pinched nerve,”hesaid. Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 未听先知:预览三道题各选项,由Dr.Gong、pain、acupuncture等词可以初步推测,讲座内容与中医针灸治疗缓解 疼痛有关;再结合各选项中的NewYork、perfected、nothaveanynegativesideeffects等词可以进一步推测,讲座内 容涉及针灸疗法在美国的推广和所具备的优点等。 19.What does thespeaker findespeciallystrange? 答案:D 详解:讲座开头提到,Gong大夫起初是把针扎进了他一直就感觉很不舒服的左手肘周围,随后又把针扎进了他的 左手腕,但此后的动作他就感觉很奇怪了,因为他的右手臂以及双眼睑都没有不舒服,但Gong大夫也给扎了针。 因此答案为D。 20.Whydidthespeaker go see Dr.Gong? 答案:C 详解:讲话者提到,他的左手肘疼,但是去了好几次医院,做了几项又贵又难挨的医疗检查之后,医生都未能做 出诊断,还建议他去看骨科大夫,就是在等待看骨科大夫的时候,他决定去尝试一下中医的针灸疗法。也就是说, 他之所以会去找Gong大夫看病,是因为此前的治疗都没有效果,答案为C。 21.What account forthegrowing popularity ofacupuncture in theUnited States,according to thespeaker? 答案:A 详解:讲座中,讲话者用简简单单的两个词“Patientdemand”就说明了为什么针灸疗法在美国会越来越受欢迎, 原因就在于患者的需求。因此答案为A。 Recording Three Ronald and Lois, married for two decades, considered themselves a happy couple. (22)But in the early years of their marriage, both were distured by persistent arguments that seem to fade away withoutever being truly resolved. They uncovered clues to what was going wrong by researching a fascinating subject: howbirth order affects not only your personality,but also how compatible you are with your mate. (23)Ronald and Lois are only children, and “onlies” grow up accustomed to being the apple of parents’ eyes. Match two onlies and you have partners to sub consciously expect each other to continue fulfilling this expectation, while neither has much experience in the “giving” end. Here's a list of common birth-order characteristics and some thoughts on the best and worst marital matches for each. (24)The oldest tends to be self-assured, responsible, a high achiever, and relatively seriously reserved. He may be slow to make friends. Perhaps content with only one companion. The best matches are with a youngest, an “only,” or a mate raised in a large family.The worst match is with another oldest, since the two will be too sovereign to share a household comfortably. The youngest child of the family thrives on attention and tends to be outgoing, adventurous, optimistic, creative and less ambitious than others in the family. He may lack self-discipline and have difficulty making decisions on his own. A youngest brother of brothers often unpredictable and romantic will match best with an oldest sister of brothers. The youngest sister of brothers is best matched with the oldest brother of sisters who will happily indulge these traits. The middle child is influenced by many variables; however, middles are less likely to take initiative and more anxious and self-critical than others. Middles often successfully marry other middles. Since both are strong on tact, not so strong on the aggressiveness and tend to crave affection. (25)The only child is often most comfortable when alone. But since an “only” tends to be a well-adjusted individual, she'll eventually learn to relate to any chosen spouse. The male only child expects his wife to make life easier without getting much in return. He is sometimes best matched with a younger sister of brothers. The female only child, who tends to be slightly more flexible, is well matched with an older man, who will indulge her tendency totest his love.Her worst much?Another“only,”ofcourse. Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard. 未听先知:预览四道题各选项,由quarreled、argued、spoiled、childhood和marriages等词可以初步推测,讲座内容 与夫妻之间的关系及夫妻双方童年生活有关;再结合goodat、adventurous、responsible、welladjusted等词可以进一 步推测,讲座内容可能涉及夫妻双方的不同性格特征。 22.What does thespeaker say about Ronald and Lois's early years ofmarriedlife? 答案:C 详解:讲座开头提到了Ronald和Lois的婚姻生活,他们结婚二十年,认为自己是一对幸福的夫妻,但在刚结婚的 那几年里,他们总是不停地争吵,看起来每次争吵都会过去,但问题总是没有真正地解决。因此答案为C。 23.What dowelearn about Ronald andLois? 答案:A 详解:讲座中提到,Ronald 和Lois 都是家里的独生子女,都是父母的掌上明珠。Onlies是only的复数形式,only 意为“独生子女”。因此答案为A。 24.What does thespeaker say about theoldest child in thefamily? 答案:D 详解:讲座中提到,家中最大的孩子通常很自信,有责任感。因此答案为D。 25.Whatdoes thespeaker say about theonlychildren? 答案:B 详解:讲座末尾提到,独生子女通常在自己一个人待着的时候比较舒服自在,但独生子女的适应能力一般都比较 强,因此他们最终能学着去适应自己的伴侣。因此答案为B。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension SectionA 全文翻译: 扫描并绘制吉萨金字塔群地图的科学家们称,他们发现吉萨大金字塔并不完全对称。但实际相差也不是很大。 这座金字塔是世界七大奇迹中最古老的。数百年来,这座金字塔的实际尺寸一直(26)困扰着学者们,因为“超过 21英亩的坚硬白色围石”原本覆盖在这座金字塔上,但很久以前就被(27)移走了。AERAGRAM是一份用来(28)记录古埃及研究协会所做工作的简报,在其最新一期的报道中,工程师格伦·达什说他的团队使用了一种新的测量 手段,即寻找任何幸存下来的外壳(29)残余物,以确认金字塔最初的边界位置。他们发现金字塔东侧的长度(30) 最多比西侧的长度短5.5英寸. 然而,最(31)吸引他的问题不是设计和建造金字塔的埃及人在4,500年前是如何出错的,而是他们是如何做 到如此接近(32)完美的。达什写道:“我们只能猜测埃及人在仅用当时的工具的情况下进行铺线是怎样做到如此 (33)精确的。”他说自己的(34)假设是埃及人把设计图画在坐标网格上,他特别指出这座大金字塔仅(35)略 微偏离主方向(大金字塔的南北轴线比正南北轴线偏西3角分54角秒,东西轴线比正东西轴线偏北3角分51角秒) ——考古学家阿特拉斯·奥勃斯库拉指出,这一差异的数值“很小,但很近似”。 名 词:A)chronicles 编年史;E)hypothesis 假设; F)maximum最大值,最大量; G)momentum 动力,势头; J)precision 精确性,精度; L)remnants 残余部分,残余物; N)revelations 揭露,透露 动 词:A)chronicles 记录,将……载入编年史中; B)complete 完成; C)established 建立,设立; D)fascinates 深深吸引,迷住 I)perfect 完善; K)puzzled 使迷惑,使困惑;M)removed 移走,去除 形容词:B)complete 完整的; C)established确立已久的; I)perfect 完美的 副 词:H)mysteriously 神秘地; O)slightly 略微,稍微 详解详析: 26.答案:K)puzzled 使迷惑,使困惑 详解:空格所在句是现在完成时,空格位于助动词has之后,宾语experts之前,因此应填及物动词的过去分词 形式。此处意为“数百年来,这座金字塔的实际尺寸一直_______学者们”。上文提到,这座金字塔是世界七大奇 迹中最古老的,据此推断学者们以前不清楚这座金字塔的实际尺寸,故此处应填入含有“困扰,不清楚”等意思的 词,故答案为K)puzzled 使迷惑,使困惑。 27.答案:M)removed 移走,去除 详解:分析句子结构可知,空格位于as引导的原因状语从句中,作谓语,在系动词were之后,由此判断应填入 动词的过去分词形式,构成被动语态,备选动词中符合要求的有established和removed。又因为从句的主语是stones “石头”,而石头不能beestablished“被建立”,故答案为M)removed 移走,去除。此处意为“‘超过21英亩 的坚硬白色围石’原本覆盖在这座金字塔上,但很久以前被移走了”。 28.答案:A)chronicles 记录,将……载入编年史中 详解:空格位于which引导的定语从句中,作谓语,宾语是thework,因此应填入及物动词,本句意为“AERAGRAM 是一份用来__________古埃及研究协会所做工作的简报,在其最新一期的报道中,工程师……。”根据句意推断, 简报应该是“记录工作”,故答案为A)chronicles 记录,将……载入编年史中。 29.答案:L)remnants 残余部分,残余物 详解:空格位于起修饰作用的现在分词surviving之后,介词of之前,因此应填入名词。此处意为“寻找任何幸 存下来的外壳_________”。根据上文可知,原本覆盖在金字塔上的白色围石很久以前就被移走了,因此幸存下来 的外壳应该是残余物,故答案为 L)remnants 残余部分,残余物。 30.答案:F)maximum最大值,最大量 详解:空格位于不定冠词a之后,介词of之前,因此应填入可数名词的单数形式。本句意为“他们发现金字塔 东侧的长度________比西侧的长度短5.5英寸。”根据上文可知,金字塔并不完全对称,但实际相差也不是很多, 因此推断此处表示最多相差5.5英寸,故答案为F)maximum最大值,最大量。amaximumof为固定搭配,表示“最 多,最大”。 31.答案:D)fascinates 深深吸引,迷住 详解:空格位于what引导的定语从句中,作谓语,因此应填入动词。此处意为“最让他______的问题不是……。” 备选动词中符合句意的只有D)fascinates 深深吸引,迷住,故D为答案。 32.答案:I)perfect 完美的 详解:分析句子结构可知,空格位于gotitsocloseto之后,根据but前的gotitwrong可以判断,空格处所填词 与wrong一词对应,也应该填入形容词。前文提到,最吸引他的问题不是设计和建造金字塔的埃及人在4,500年前 是如何出错的,紧接着用but进行转折,由此可知此处表示与“出错”相反的意思,备选形容词中只有I)perfect 完 美的 符合句意,故为答案,closetoperfect为固定搭配,意为“近乎完美的”。 33.答案:J)precision 精确性,精度 详解:空格位于限定词such之后,因此应填入不可数名词或名词复数。此处意为“埃及人在仅使用当时的工具 的情况下进行铺线是如何做到如此_________的”。根据上文中提到的金字塔不完全对称,但实际相差不多,以及东侧的长度最多比西侧的长度短5.5英寸可知,此处在再次强调金字塔的“精准性”,故答案为J)precision 精确性, 精度。 34.答案:E)hypothesis 假设 详解:空格位于形容词性物主代词his之后,从句谓语动词is之前,故应填入单数名词。上文提到,达什说人们 只能猜测埃及人是如何做到精准铺线的,由speculate“猜测,推测”可知,此处提到的埃及人把设计图画在坐标网 格上也是推测,是达什的假设,故答案为E)hypothesis 假设。 35.答案:O)slightly 略微,稍微 详解:空格位于谓语动词isoriented之后,应填入副词。此处意为“大金字塔仅_______偏离主方向”。由下文 列举出的具体数据可知,大金字塔的南北轴线与正南北轴线之间的差异很小,大金字塔的东西轴线与正东西轴线之 间的差异也很小,故答案为O)slightly 略微,稍微。 SectionB 全文翻译: 同龄人压力有积极的一面 A) (41)青少年的父母经常用怀疑的眼光看待自己孩子的朋友。他们担心青少年同龄群体有能力促使其成员 做出愚蠢甚至危险的行为。这种谨慎有充分的根据:例如,统计数据显示,十几岁的司机载着同龄乘客,比青少年 单独驾车或载有成年人时,发生致命车祸的风险更高。 B)在2005年一项研究中,天普大学的心理学家劳伦斯·斯坦伯格及其合著者,彼时也在天普大学的心理学家 马戈·加德纳,将306人分成三个年龄组:年龄较小的:青少年,平均年龄为14岁;年龄较大的青少年,平均年龄 为19岁;24岁及以上的成年人。实验对象玩一款电脑驾驶游戏,在游戏中,玩家必须避免撞上毫无征兆突然出现 在路上的墙壁。斯坦伯格和加德纳随机分配了一些参与者单独玩游戏,或者有两个同龄的伙伴旁观。 C) (37-1)当有同龄人旁观时,年龄较大的青少年在危险驾驶指数上的得分要高出大约50%;当其他青少年 在场时,年龄较小的青少年的鲁莽程度则翻倍。与此相反,成年人的行为方式却没有什么差别,不管他们是独自一 人还是有他人旁观。(37-2)斯坦伯格和加德纳总结说:“同龄人的存在使青少年和年轻人,而非成年人,更有可 能冒险。” D) 然而,在这项研究发表后的几年里,斯坦伯格开始相信,这种解释并没有抓住问题的全貌。为什么在其他 青少年的陪伴下,青少年更容易冒险?当斯坦伯格和其他研究人员研究这一问题时,他们开始怀疑群体的影响不一 定是总是消极的。(45)现在一些专家提出,我们应该利用青少年的大脑对朋友在场的敏锐感知,并借助它来改善 教育。 E) 在2011年的一项研究中,斯坦伯格和他的同事们转而使用功能性磁共振来研究同龄人的存在如何影响青少 年的大脑活动。他们扫描了40名正在玩虚拟驾驶游戏的青少年和成年人的大脑,该游戏旨在测试玩家会在黄灯时 刹车,还是会加速通过十字路口。 F) 与独处时相比,被同龄人观察是青少年的大脑,而非成年人的大脑,在两个月奖励相关的区域表现得更为 活跃。(43)换句话说,当青少年和同龄人共处时,奖励对他们而言作用更强烈,这促使他们去追求可能会带来巨 大回报的高风险体验(比如,在信号灯变红之前冲过去所带来的兴奋)。斯坦伯格怀疑,这种趋势也有其优势。在 他8月份在线发布的最新实验中,斯坦伯格及其同事使用了一款名为“爱荷华赌博任务”的电脑版纸牌游戏来调查 同龄人的存在如何影响年轻人收集和应用信息的方式。 G) 结果是:与独自玩爱荷华赌博任务的青少年相比,在青少年同伴注视下玩该游戏的青少年探索行为更多, 从积极和消极的结果中学习的更快,并且在任务中表现得更好。(40)适坦伯格表示:“我们的研究表明,青少年 在同龄人在场时比他们独处时学习更快、更有效。”这一发现可能对我们思考如何教育青少年有着重要的意义。 H)(36)马修·D.利伯曼是加州大学洛杉矶分校的一名社会认知神经学家,也是2013年出版的《社会:为什 么我们的大脑被连接在一起》一书的作者,他怀疑人类的大脑在学习具有社会意义的信息方面特别熟练。他指出, 2004年的一项经典研究中,达特茅斯大学和哈佛大学的心理学家使用功能性磁共振来追踪17名年轻男子在聆听他 人描述时的大脑活动,此时,他们的注意力要么集中在社交相关线索上(例如,试图基于该描述形成对一个人的印 象),要么集中在更多的社会中立信息上(例如,注意描述中的细节顺序)。每种情况下的描述都是一样的,但人 们在有社交动机的情况下,可以更好的记住这些陈述。 I)该研究还发现,当实验对象思考并随后回忆信息内容方面的描述时,与事实记忆相关的区域,如内测颞叶变 得活跃起来。但思考或记忆有关社会意义的描述时,则激活了背侧前额叶皮质——它是大脑社交网络的一部分—— 即使此时传统记忆区域的活动水平较低。(42)最近,正如他在2012年的一篇评论中所报告的,利伯曼已发现,这块区域可能是涉及社交动机型学习和记忆的独特网络的一部分。他表示,这些发表表明“这个网络可以用来处理 和存储学校中教授的信息——这有可能会让学生获得一些尚未开发的智力。” J) 如果人们通常倾向于回忆有关彼此的细节,那么对那些非常关注谁在家、谁出门、谁喜欢谁、谁生谁的气这 些社交细节的青少年而言,这种模式可能更有影响力。他们对社会戏剧事件的渴望不是——或者不仅仅是——一种 分散他们对家庭作业注意力的方式,或者一种把成年人逼疯的方式。(39)它实际上是一种由荷尔蒙变化引发的神 经敏感。从进化的角度来说,这个年龄段的人正处于这样一个阶段,在该阶段,他们可能准备寻找伴侣和组建自己 的家庭,同时与父母分开并自谋生计。为了成功地做到这一点,他们的大脑促使他们去思考甚至迷恋别人。 K) 然而,我们的学校主要侧重于把学生当作个体。如果教育者利用青少年会受到强烈的驱动从社交角度进行 思考这一事实的话,那会发生什么呢?在《社会》一书中,利伯曼列举了许多方法以做到这一点。历史和英语可以 通过相关人员的心理驱动来呈现。因此,人们可以从渴望给人留下印象的角度介绍拿破仑,或者从孤独忧郁的角度 介绍丘吉尔。本身较少涉及人际关系的科目,如数学,可以通过团队解决问题和同伴辅导的方式获得其社交方面。 (44)研究表明,当我们为了教别人而吸收信息时,我们学得更准确和更深入,也许部分原因是我们正在参与我们 的社会认知。 L)尽管焦虑的父母可能并不接受一观念,但教育者可以将青春期的鲁莽转变为学术目的。伦敦大学学院的认 知神经学家萨拉-杰恩·布莱克莫尔在去年发表了一篇评论中写道:“在教育领域冒险是一项至关重要的技能,它能 够促进发展和创新。”然而,她指出,许多年轻人尤其不愿在学校冒险——担心一次考试的低分或者差成绩就可能 让他们失去进入名牌大学的机会。(38)我们应该向此类学生保证,冒险,甚至同龄人的压力都可能会成为一件好 事——只要它发生的教室里,而非汽车里。 详解详析: 36.It is thought probable that the H. Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of human brain is particularly good at California, LosAngeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our BrainsAre picking-up socially important Wired to Connect, suspects that the human brain is especially adept at learning information. socially salient information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which 译文:人们认为人类的大脑可能特 psychologists atDartmouth College and Harvard University usedfunctionalMRI to 别善于获取具有重要社会意义的信 trackbrain activityin17youngmen astheylistenedto descriptionsofpeoplewhile 息。 concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an 定位:由题干关键词 the human impression of a person based on the description ) or more socially neutral brain 和 socially important information ( such as noting the order of details in the description ) .The information定位到H段画线处。 descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember thesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation. 详解:H段第一句提到,马修·D.利伯曼怀疑人类的大脑在学习具有社会意义的信息方面特别熟练。题干中的is particularlygoodat 对应原文中的isespeciallyskillfulat;important 是对原文中significant的同义转述,故答案为H。 37. It can be concluded from experiment that the C. Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of presence of peers increases risk-taking by risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of adolescentsandyouth. early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens 译文:从实验中可以得出结论,同龄人的存在 were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of 增加了青少年和年轻人的冒险行为。 whethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers.“Thepresenceof 定位:由题干关键词 the presence of peers、 peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take increasesrisk-taking和adolescentsandyouth定 risks,”SteinbergandGardnerconcluded. 位到C段画线处。 详解:C段第一句列举了年龄较大的青少年和年龄较小的青少年这两组实验对象的实验结果:当有同龄人在场时, 年龄较大的青少年在危险驾驶指数上得分要高出大约50%;年龄较小的青少年的鲁莽程度则翻倍。本段最后一句中, 斯坦伯格和加德纳对实验结果进行了总结,即同龄人的存在使青少年和年轻人,而非成年人,更有可能冒险。题干 中的increasesrisk-taking对应原文中的makes...morelikelytotakerisks,故答案为C。 38.Students shouldbetold thatrisk-taking in L. And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, theclassroomcanbesomethingpositive. educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. “Risk 译文:应该告知学生,教室内的冒险可能 taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and 具有积极作用。 creativity,” wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at 定位:由题干关键词 risk-taking in the University College London, in a review published last year.Yet, she noted,classroom和somethingpositive定位到L段 many young people are especially risk averse at school—afraid that one 画线处。 low test score or We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and notthecar.mediocregradecouldcostthemaspotataselectiveuniversity. 详解:L段最后一句提到,我们应该向此类学生保证,冒险,甚至同龄人的压力都可能会成为一件好事——只要它 发生在教室里,而非汽车里。根据上下文可知,定位句中的it指代risk;题干中的Studentsshouldbetold对应原文 中的Weshouldassuresuchstudents;somethingpositive对应原文中的agoodthing,故答案为L。 39. The urge of finding a mate and J. If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is getting married accounts for probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social adolescents’ greater attention to details:whois in, whois out, wholikes whom, whois madatwhom.Their penchant socialinteractions. for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from their 译文:寻找伴侣和结婚的强烈愿望 schoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological(神经的) 使得青少年更加关注社会交往。 sensitivity,initiatedbyhormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peopleinthisage 定位:由题干关键词findingamate group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own 和 getting married 定位到 J 画线 family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this 处。 successfully,theirbrainpromptsthemtothinkandevenobsessaboutothers. 详解:J段倒数第三句提到,它实际上是一种由荷尔蒙变化引发的神经敏感。由上文可知,定位句句首的It指代上 一句的主语Theirdesireforsocialdrama,而initiatedbyhormonalchanges则说明了青少年关注社会戏剧事件的原因。 紧接着,下一句具体说明了青少年的荷尔蒙变化;从进化的角度来说,这个年龄段的人正处于这样一个阶段,在该 阶段,他们可能准备寻找伴侣和组建自己的家庭,同时与父母分开并自谋生计。题干中的gettingmarried对应原文 中的starttheirownfamily;socialinteractions对应原文中的socialdrama,故答案为J。 40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers G. The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the increasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers’ eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, leaning. learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved 译文:斯坦伯格认为,同龄人在场提高了青少 better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. 年学习的速度和效率。 “What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and 定位:由题干关键词 Steinberg、increases the more effectively when their peers are present than when they‘re on speedandeffectiveness以及teenagers’leaning定 their own,” Steinberg says. And this finding could have important 位到G段画线处。 implicationsforhowwethinkabouteducatingadolescents. 详解:定位句提到,斯坦伯格表示:“我们的研究表明,青少年在同龄人在场时比他们独处时学习更快、更有效。” 题干中的thepresenceofpeers对应原文中的theirpeersarepresent;increasesthespeedandeffectiveness对应原文中的 morequicklyandmoreeffectively,故答案为G。 41. Teenagers’ parents are often concerned about A. Parents of teenagers often view their children‘s friends with negativepeerinfluence. something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group 译文:青少年的父母常常担心同龄人的负面影 has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and 响。 even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for 定位:由题干关键词 Teenagers’ parents 和 example,that ateenage driver with asame-age passenger in the car is concernedabout定位到A段画线处。 at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescentdriving alone or with anadult. 详解:A段第一句提到,青少年的父母经常用怀疑的眼光看待自己孩子的朋友。紧接着第二句具体说明父母的担心: 他们担心青少年同龄群体有能力促使其成员做出愚蠢甚至危险的行为。题干中的are...concernedabout 对应原文中 的 worry;negative peer influence 是对原文中的 the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous的概括总结,故答案为A。 42.Activating the brain’s social network I. The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled involved in socially motivated learning descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with and memory may allow students to tap factualmemory,suchasthemedialtemporallobe,became active.Butthinking unusedmentalpowers. about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated 译文:激活涉及社交动机型学习和记忆 thedorsomedial prefrontalcortex—partof the brain‘s socialnetwork—even as 的大脑社交网络,可以让学生挖掘尚未 traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as使用的智力。 he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may 定位:由题干关键词networkinvolvedin be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and socially和unusedmentalpowers定位到 memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that“this network can be called onto I段画线处 process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving studentsaccesstoarangeofuntappedmentalpowers.” 详解:I段最后两句提到,最近,正如他在2012年的一篇评论中所报告的,利伯曼已发现,这块这块区域可能是涉 及社交动机型学习和记忆的独特网络的一部分。他表示,这些发现表明“这个网络可以用来处理和存储学校教授的 信息——这有可能会让学生获得一些尚未开发的智力。”题干中的allowstudentstotap对应原文中的givingstudents accessto;unusedmentalpowers对应原文中的untappedmentalpowers,故答案为I。 43. The presence of peer F. The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions intensifies the feeling of rewards associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when inteens’brains. alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, 译文:同龄人在场强化了青少 which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff 年大脑对奖励的感觉。 (suchasthethrillofjustmakingthelightbeforeitturnsred).ButSteinbergsuspected 定位:由题干关键词 The this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online presence of pee、intensifies 和 in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game rewards 定位到F段画线处。 called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way youngpeoplegatherandapplyinformation. 详解:F段第二句提到,换句话说,当青少年和同龄人共处时,奖励对他们而言作用更强烈,这促使他们去追求可 能会带来巨大回报的高风险体验(比如,在信号灯变红之前冲过去所带来的兴奋)。题干中的Thepresenceofpeer 对 应原文中的withpeers;intensifiesthefeelingofrewards对应原文中的rewardsaremoreintense,故答案为F。 44.When we absorb information for K.Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would the purpose of imparting it to others, happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully we do so with greater secretary and compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of depth. ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the 译文:当我们为了把信息传授给别人 psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present 而吸收信息时,我们会做得更加准确 Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely 和深入。 melancholy. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a 定 位 : 由 题 干 关 键 词 absorb social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows information、imparting it to others 和 that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it greater secretary and depth 定位到 K more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social 段画线处。 cognition. 详解:K段第最后一句提到,研究表明,当我们为了教别人而吸收信息时,我们学的更准确和更深入,也许部分原 因是我们正在参与我们的社会认知。题干中的forthepurposeof对应原文中的inorderto;impartingittoothers对应 原文中的teachittosomeoneelse;greatersecretaryanddepth对应原文中的moreaccuratelyanddeeply,题干是对定位 句的同义转述,故答案为K。 45.Someexpertsaresuggestingthatweturn D.Yetin theyears following thepublicationofthisstudy,Steinbergbeganto peerinfluencetogooduseineducation. believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and 译文:一些专家建议,我们应该把同龄人 other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take 的影响好好利用在教育中。 risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd‘s 定位:由题干关键词 Some experts、 influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that suggesting 和 good use in education 定位 we should take advantage of the teen brain’s keen sensitivity to the presence 到D段画线处。 offriendsandleverageittoimproveeducation. 详解:D段最后一句提到,现在一些专家提出,我们应该利用青少年的大脑对朋友在场的敏锐感知,并借助它来改 善教育。由上下文可知,定位句中的it指代前面的theteenbrain’skeensensitivitytothepresenceoffriends;题干中的 suggesting对应原文中的proposing;turn...togooduseineducation对应原文中的leverage...toimproveeducation,故答 案为D。SectionC PassageOne 全文翻译: (46)西班牙的埃布罗河三角洲因曾为西班牙内战期间的战场而出名,现在又成为另一场战争的所在地,那就 是稻农们正面临两大敌人的挑战:以水稻为食的巨头苹果蜗牛,以及持续上升的海平面。而这里发生的事情将会对 未来欧洲的稻米生产和南欧湿地的整体状况产生影响。 埃布罗河三角洲坐落于地中海地区,距离巴塞罗那仅两个小时的车程,这里一年的稻米产量是1.2亿公斤,是 欧洲大陆最重要的稻米产区之一。然而,随着海水侵入淡水湿地,不断增加的盐分正在妨害稻米产量。与此同时, 海水也杀死了贪婪的巨头苹果蜗牛,这种外来害虫以水稻幼苗为食。(47)最佳的策略就是利用一个敌人去对付另 一个。 这场战役目前在陆地上,即巴塞罗那大学温室中进行。集结在“新欧洲商业稻米项目”旗帜之下的科学家们正 在寻找既能够忍受盐分增加又不会失掉吸水性的稻米品种,这种吸水性让欧洲稻米适宜西班牙和意大利的菜式。 “这个项目有两个方面,”欧洲商业稻米项目地项目经理、巴塞罗那大学研究人员克沙维尔·塞拉特说,(48) “短期内与蜗牛作战,中远期内抵御气候变化。但是,蜗牛还是这个项目地当务之急。” 这些蜗牛原产自南美洲,由全球水产技术公司意外地带入了埃布罗河三角洲,该公司曾为淡水水族馆饲养这些 蜗牛,却不慎让它们逃脱了。到目前为止,巨头苹果蜗牛在欧洲仅存在于埃布罗河三角洲。(49)但是,塞拉特说, 这些蜗牛在继续向新的领地迈进。“问题不在于它是否会抵达欧洲其他的稻米产区,而在于何时到达。” 在未来的一年半时间内,研究人员将会测试他们培育的一系列耐受盐分的水稻。2018年,农民将在埃布罗河三 角洲和欧洲其他两处主要的稻米产区——意大利的波河沿岸和法国的罗纳河种植最有希望的品种。在田地里种植一 季有助于决定哪一种水稻(如果有的话)适宜商业推广。 (50)作为欧盟资助的项目,此项针对盐分耐受稻米品种的研究正在这三个国家展开。每一组都在杂交培养欧 洲本地的短粒稻米和携带抗盐基因的亚洲长粒品种。科学家们正在培育新一代的水稻,旨在获得能够融合盐分耐受 又能保留欧洲稻米97%基因组的品种。 详解详析: 46. 答案:C 定位:由题干中的专有名词 the Spanish Civil War 定位到文章首段首句:The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against twoenemies:therice-eatinggiantapplesnail,andrisingsealevels. 详解:推理判断题。从定位句可以看出,作者提到西班牙内战是为了说明埃布罗河三角洲的知名度,而从后面 内容可知,目前发生的另一场战争也具有重大影响。由此推断,作者提及西班牙内战的目的在于影射埃布罗河三角 洲的农民正经历一场同等重要的战争,故答案为C。 点睛:A“它对西班牙稻农的生活有重要影响”,从定位句可以看出,西班牙内战与西班牙稻农是否有关联, 原文并没有说明,故排除;B“它在西班牙历史中意义重大”,从原文可知,作者提及西班牙内战是为了体现目前 战争的重要性,故排除;D“埃布罗河三角洲的稻农正在经历如同战争中的艰难时刻”,原文没有涉及农民的生活 状况,故排除。 47. 答案:D 定位:由题干中的关键词 strategy 和 fighting their enemies 定位到文章第二段最后一句:The most promising strategyhasbecometoharnessonefoeagainsttheother. 详解:事实细节题。原文第一段第一句指出,稻农面临两大敌人的挑战:巨头苹果蜗牛和上升的海平面,随后 第二段解释了这两大“敌人”对稻米的影响,第二第二段最后一句明确指出,对付这两大敌人的最好方法就是利用 一个敌人去对付另一个,故答案为D。 点睛:A“首先打击更弱的敌人”,从定位句和后文都可以看出,作者并没有分辨哪个敌人更弱,故排除;B “一石二鸟”,定位句的意思是利用一个敌人制服另一个,并没有提到有同时对付两者的方法,故排除;C“逐个 消灭敌人”,第四段虽然提到短期内与蜗牛作战,中长期抵御气候变化,但这是项目要研究的内容,并非文中提到 的最佳策略,故排除。 48. 答案:C 定位:根据题干中的专有名词ProjectNeurice定位到文章第四段:...“Theshort-termfightagainstthesnail,andamid- tolong-termfightagainstclimatechange.Butthesnailhasgiventheprojectgreaterurgency.” 详解:推理判断题。定位段提到,该项目有两个任务,短期任务与是害虫蜗牛作战,最后一句又再次强调蜗牛是这个项目地当务之急,选项C与原文的意思一致,故为答案。 点睛:A“实现其目标需要付出代价”,作者在最后一段虽然提到了项目得到欧盟的资助,但没并没有提到其 目标实现与付出代价的直接关系,故排除;B“它的目标是提高西班牙的水稻产量”,原文明确说了这个项目的两 个任务,但并不包括提高水稻产量,故排除;D“它试图借助气候变化灭除蜗牛”,抵御气候变化是这个项目的中 远期目标,而消灭蜗牛是其近期目标,这个项目并没有说气候变化会对蜗牛产生何种影响,故排除。 49. 答案:B 定位:由题干中的关键词projectmanager和 giantapplesnail定位到文章第五段最后两句:Butthesnailcontinues itsmarchtonewterritory,saysSerrat.“Thequestionisnotifitwillreachotherrice-growingareasofEurope,butwhen.” 详解:事实细节题。由定位句可知,项目经理塞拉特认为,巨头苹果蜗牛不会仅仅局限在埃布罗河三角洲,而 会扩散到新的土地,这只是个时间问题,选项B的表述与原文意思一致,故为答案。 点睛:A“它只能在南欧的湿地存活”,由原文可知,这种蜗牛原产自南美洲,而且研究人员认为它还会向欧 洲其他地区扩散,故排除;C“它以超乎人类想象的速度繁殖”,原文并没有提到这种蜗牛的繁殖速度,故排除; D“它是被故意引入到稻米产区的”,原文第五段第一句提到,这种蜗牛原本是为淡水水族馆饲养的,不慎逃脱才 到了稻米产区,故排除。 50. 答案:A 定位:根据题干关键词EU-funded定位到文章最后一段第一句:AsanEU-fundedeffort,thesearchforsalt-tolerant varietiesofriceistakingplaceinallthreecountries. 详解:事实细节题。定位句指出,这项研究的目的就是开发可以耐受盐分的稻米品种,随后的两句再次强调科 学家的研究目的是培育出既能够耐受盐分,又能够保留97%欧洲稻米基因组的品种,故答案为A。 点睛:B“增加西班牙稻米的吸水性”,原文第三段提到,科学家希望保留西班牙稻米的原有特性,并没有说 要增强其特性,故排除;C“将西班牙稻米推广到欧洲其他地区”,原文并没有提到要推广西班牙稻米,故排除; D“普及水稻杂交技术”,原文只提到科学家利用杂交技术培育他们需要品种,并没有说要推广杂交技术,故排除。 PassageTwo 全文翻译: (51)摄影曾经是一件昂贵且耗时费力的事情,仅用于记录生命中的重大事件。然而现在,就连吃饭这么稀松 平常的事情,人们都能拍上无数张照片,需要付出的代价不过是硬盘内存和进餐伙伴的耐心而已。 但是,用拍照来记录生活中的经历而不是单纯地享受经历是否需要付出其他更深层次的代价呢?南加州大学马 歇尔商学院的市场营销学副教授克里斯汀·迪尔说:“大家都听过这种说法:不要总是让拍照干扰你的体验,这对 你不好,因为你没有活在当下。” (52)迪尔和她的研究同事想要知道习惯拍照是不是真的这么不好,于是他们进行了9项实验室研究和现场调 查,测试人们在使用相机和不使用相机时感受到的乐趣程度。(53-1)发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的研究 结果令他们感到惊讶。结果显示,拍照不仅不会减少乐趣,反而能让人们更加享受当下所做的事情。 (53-2)迪尔解释说:“我们发现,由于拍照者一直在寻找他们想要捕捉的瞬间,他们想要记录的事情,所以 他们看待这个世界的角度可能会稍有不同。拍照会让人们更加投入到一段经历中,他们往往也更享受这个过程。” 以旅游观光为例。在一项实验中,将近200名研究对象登上了参观费城的双层巴士。两辆观光巴士都禁止使用 手机,但其中一辆观光巴士提供数码相机并且鼓励大家拍照。那些拍照的人远比没有拍照的人更享受这次旅行,并 称他们更加投入。 迪尔说,拍照能引导注意力,增加你从眼前的景象中获得的愉悦感。(54)即使像参观考古博物馆这么枯燥的 事情也是如此,在参观博物馆时,研究对象被要求戴上眼球追踪镜,并被告知拍照或不拍照。迪尔说,“人们的视 线会在他们想拍照的事物上停留得更久一点。”他们也说更加喜欢这些展品。 “照片墙”(Instagram)软件的用户现在可以松口气了,拍照甚至能让吃饭这件小事变得更加愉悦。当人们在 吃午饭时被鼓励至少拍三张照片时,他们比那些未被告知拍照的人更投入到这顿饭中。 这一切是因为相机那令人愉悦的咔嚓声?还是因为按快门这一动作?研究人员发现,答案是否定的。(55)人 们不需要真的拍照,仅仅是有拍照这个打算一样能产生增加愉悦感的效果。“如果你在心里想着拍照,一样有这种 效果,”迪尔说。“哪怕只是想一想你打算拍什么照片也能让你更加投入其中。” 详解详析: 51. 答案:A 定位:由题干中的photo-takinginthepast定位到文章首段首句:Photographywasonceanexpensive,laboriousordeal reservedforlife’sgreatestmilestones.详解:事实细节题。文章开篇即指出,摄影曾经是一件昂贵且耗时费力的事情,仅用于生命记录生命中的重大 事件。题干中的 photo-taking 和 in the past 分别对应定位句中的 photography 和 once,而 A 项中的 painstaking 和 recordinglife’smajorevents分别对应定位句中的laboriousordeal和reservedforlife’sgreatestmilestones,故答案为A。 点睛:B“摄影是少数有钱人才能享有的奢侈品”,第一段虽然提到摄影是一件昂贵的事情,但并没说只有少 数有钱人才能享受,该项属于过度推断,故排除;C“摄影是保存珍贵影像的好方法”,该选项只有preserve和首 句的reserved对应,其他均不符合原文意思,故排除;D“摄影这门技术需要大量的练习才能够掌握”原文并未提 及,故排除。 52. 答案:D 定位:由题干中的 Kristin Diehl 和 a series of experiments 定位到原文第三段第一句:Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testingpeople’senjoymentinthepresenceorabsenceofacamera. 详解:事实细节题。定位句指出,迪尔和她的同事想知道这样是不是真的不好,于是进行了一系列实验,由定 位句可知,that指代的是第二段最后一句“...youshouldn’ttakeallthesephotosandinterrupttheexperience,andit’sbad foryou,andwe’renotlivinginthepresentmoment...”,即“拍照会干扰你的个人体验,这对你不好,因为你没有活在 当下”,故答案为D。 点睛:A“拍照能给拍照者带来什么样的乐趣”,虽然第三段最后一句提到拍照能让人们更享受体验的过程, 但这并不是迪尔和其同事做实验的原因,而是实验得出的结论,故排除;B“人们在旅游观光时是否喜欢拍照”, 是对原文第五段内容的曲解,也不是迪尔和起同事做实验的原因,故排除;C“拍照如何丰富人们的生活经历”, enrich这个概念全文都未提及,故排除。 53. 答案:C 定位:由题干中的theresultsofDienl’sexperimentsshow定位到原文第三段最后两句:Theresults,publishedinthe Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they’re doingmore,notless. 详解:事实细节题。本题考查迪尔和其同事实验的结果,因此应该定位到表示结果的Theresults 和Whatwefind 这两处。C项中的moreabsorbedinwhatcatchestheireye“更加投入于吸引他们眼球的地方”分别对应两处定位居中 的makespeopleenjoywhattheyaredoingmore和moreengagedintheexperience,故C为答案。 点睛:A“他们的注意力被分散”,文章第六段首句提到拍照能引导注意力,A中的bedistractedfrom“被分散 注意力”是对这句话的曲解,故排除;B“他们能更好的记住自己的所见所为”和“他们能更好的理解这个世界”, 原文关于实验结果的部分都在讲拍照能够提高实验对象对一件事情的参与度,并没有提到关于记忆或理解的内容, 故均排除。 54. 答案:B 定位:由题干中的museum和eye-trackingglasses定位到原文倒数第三段第二至三句:Itworksforthingsasboring asarchaeological(考古的)museums,wherepeopleweregiveneye-trackingglassesandinstructedeithertotakephotosor not.“Peoplelooklongeratthingstheywanttophotograph,”Diehlsays. 详解:事实细节题。定位句指出,在参观博物馆时,研究对象被要求戴上眼球追踪镜,并被告知拍照或不拍照。 迪尔说,人们的视线会在他们想拍照的事物上停留的更久一些。B 项中的 focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures对应定位句中的looklongeratthingstheywanttophotograph,故B为答案。 点睛:A“他们给展品拍出了更好的照片”,定位段最后一句只提到他们更加喜欢这些展品,并没有提到照片 的好坏,故排除;C“他们可以更好地观察展品”和D“他们更容易理解历史事件”原文均未提及,故排除。 55. 答案:D 定位:由题干中的thelastparagraph定位到原文最后一段。 详解:推理判断题。最后一段用设问句引出迪尔对拍照的看法,即“仅仅是有拍照的这个打算一样能产生增加 愉悦感的效果”以及“哪怕只是想一想你打算拍什么照片也能让你更加投入其中”。D中的theverythoughtoftaking aphoto 对应定位段中的theactofplanningtotakeaphoto和Thinkingaboutwhatyouwouldwanttophotograph;havea positiveeffect对应原文中的hadthesamejoy-boostingeffect和alsogetsyoumoreengaged,故答案为D。 点睛:A“最好在拍照前制定的计划”,最后一段提到仅仅有拍照这个打算一样能增加愉悦感,但并未建议人 们先制定计划再拍照,故排除;B“在心里拍照和实际拍照一样美”,最后一段提到如果你在心里拍照,一样能产 生增加愉悦感的效果,而不是说和实际拍照一样美,故排除;C“拍照者可以从相机的咔嚓声中获得巨大的快乐” 是对最后一段第一句的曲解,迪尔对此给出了否定的答案,该项与原文意思相反,故排除。Part Ⅳ Translation 参考译文: Inthepast,owningaprivatecarathandisaluxuriousthingformostChinesepeople.Nowadays,privatecarscan be seen everywhere in China. The car has become an integral part of people’s life, as they not only drive to and from work, but also travel around by car.The number of cars in some cities has been growing so rapidly that traffic jams and the problem of insufficient parking spaces have become more and more serious. The municipal governments of these cities have to develop some new rules to limit the number of cars on the road.As air pollution gets more serious, now more and more people choose to buy new energy vehicles. The Chinese government has also taken some measures to supportthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicles. 难点注释 1.翻译第一句时,根据提示词“过去”判断应该使用过去时;“一辆私家车”可译为aprivatecar;“是件奢移 的事”可译为wasaluxuriousthing或wasaluxury。 2.翻译第二句时,根据提示词“如今”判断应该使用一般现在时;“随处可见”可译为canbeseeneverywhere 或areubiquitous。 3.翻译第三句时,既可以像参考文一样翻译,也可以拆分为两句译出。“不可或缺的一部分”可译为anintegral partof;“开车上下班”除了参考译文的译法,还可译为commutebycar;“驾车出游”还可译为drivearound。 4.第四句较长,翻译时可像参考译文一样拆开来译,将前两个分句译为一句,后两个分句译为另一句,也可以 将后两个分句译为非限制性定语从句,即“...moreserious,whichpromptthemunicipalgovernmentsofthesecities todevelop...”。 5.翻译第五句时,也可拆分句子翻译。前两个分句属于一个完整的意群,是因果关系,前因后果;后面两个分 句作为另外一个句子译出。“空气污染日益严重”可译作as引导的原因状语从句;“新能源汽车”译为new energy vehicles;“采取了一些措施”译为 take some measures/steps;“支持……的发展”译为 support the developmentof...。