文档内容
专题 12 WELCOME UNIT（语法”句子成分与基本句型”、个人简
介写作）
目录
语法聚焦：句子成分与基本句型
语法速记：语法知识点梳理，查漏补缺
写作强化：个人简介
学以致用：提升专练，全面突破
语法聚焦：句子成分与基本句型
一、七种句子成分
1．主语(subject)
主语是一句话的主体，表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词(名词短语)、代
学科网（北京）股份有限公司词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及主语从句等担任。
TV news often gives us lots of information.(名词)电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。
Something is wrong with my computer.(代词)我的电脑坏了。
Seven－tenths of the earth surface is covered with water.十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。(数词)
To see is to believe.(动词不定式)眼见为实。
Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests.骑车和划船是我最喜欢的业余爱好。(动名词)
That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her parents.(主语从句)
她被重点大学录取这件事给了她父母极大的安慰。
2．谓语(verb，指谓语部分的主要动词，也称谓词)
谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或者怎么样。谓语位于主语之
后，由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，都被称之
为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
He practises running every morning.(简单谓语)他每天早晨跑步锻炼。
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai.(复合谓语)上海发生了巨大的变化。
3．表语(predicative)
表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短
语、副词、介词短语等充当。
My favorite attraction is the Great Wall.(名词)我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。
—Who is there？(副词)——谁在那儿？
—It’s me.(代词)——是我。
English is both useful and important.(形容词)英语有用且很重要。
The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing.紫禁城位于北京市中心。(介词短语)
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.(动词不定式短语)
最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。
My hobby is collecting stamps.(动名词短语)我的爱好是集邮。
My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger.(表语从句)
我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。
4．宾语(object)
宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾
语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。
The children are flying kites.(名词)孩子们正在放风筝。
Call me any time.(代词)请随时打电话给我。
I decide to pick up a new foreign language.(动词不定式短语)我决定学一门新的外语。
Do you mind passing me the dictionary？(动名词短语)请把字典递给我，好吗？
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.(宾语从句)
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司5．宾语补足语(object complement)
有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或
特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充
当。
He has proved himself an experienced teacher.(名词)他证明自己是一名经验丰富的教师。
We have decided to paint the room pink.(形容词)我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。
My mother always keeps everything in good order.我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。(介词短语)
The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.(动词不定式短语)老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪音。
I heard the telephone ringing.(现在分词)我听见电话铃正在响。
He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage.(过去分词短语)他很高兴
看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。
6．定语(attributive)
定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分
词、介词短语和从句等充当。
These are apple trees.(名词)这些是苹果树。
The men here are always busy working on the farm.这里的男人总是忙于在田间干活。(副词)
There is nothing to do today.(不定式)今天没有事要做。
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.(现在分词、过去分词短语)
那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
7.状语(adverbial)
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主
格和从句等充当。
I’m very pleased to see you.(副词)见到你我非常高兴。
I’ll be back in a while.(介词短语)我一会儿就回来。
When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.她12岁的时候，开始在大连生活。(状语从句)
Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.(分词)和妻子吵了一架后，他愤怒地离开了
家。
写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分
①The manager made them work day and night.宾语补足语
②A lot of green lands have been opened to the public.谓语
③The best method of keeping slim is to do exercise regularly.表语
④They lived in the room above.定语
⑤He gave me a basket full of eggs.定语
二、八种基本句子结构
1.主语＋谓语(S＋V)
这种句子结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故其后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常
学科网（北京）股份有限公司用来表示主语的动作或状态。 常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise, matter, begin, come, go, happen, last, appear,
work, come true, take place等。
说明：主语“____”；谓语“ ”；宾语“ ”；表语“ ”；宾补 ；状语“[ ]”；定语“(
)”。
The sun is rising．太阳正在升起。
The little boy is crying．小男孩正在哭泣。
2. 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
(1)这种句子结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词或动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、
数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。
He is watching TV．他正在看电视。
[Last weekend] our class held a speech contest．上个周末， 我们班举行了演讲比赛。
(2)在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能接在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的
名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。
Please wake Li Ling up (＝wake up Li Ling) at 6：30 in the morning.(√)
Please wake her up at 6：30 in the morning.(√)
Please wake up her at 6：30 in the morning.(×)
请在早晨6∶30叫醒她。
3. 主语＋(系动词＋)表语(S＋P)
这种句子结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系
动词(sound, look, smell, taste, feel)；变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run)；持续系动词(remain,
keep, hold, stay)；表象系动词(seem, appear, look)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从
句充当。
Everything looks different．一切看来都不同了。
Computers are useful [in people’s life]．电脑在人们的生活中很有用。
The__problem remains to be settled．问题依然需要被解决。
4.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
这种句子结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接
宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语
之前用介词to的常见动词有：give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, order等。间接宾
语之前用介词for的常见动词有：buy, fetch, save, choose, sing等。
He bought me a birthday present．
＝He bought a birthday present for me．
他给我买了一份生日礼物。
I showed him my pictures．
＝I showed my pictures to him．
我给他看我的照片。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)
该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。该句式常用于三类动
词：
(1)使役动词：keep, make, let, have, leave, get等；
(2)感官动词或短语：see, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, smell等；
(3)ask, tell, order, request, permit, persuade 等。
Mike told me not to go [now]．迈克告诉我不要现在走。
They painted the door green．他们把门漆成了绿色。
6. 主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A)
该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
They talked [for half an hour]．他们谈了半个小时。
The__time passed [quickly]．时间很快过去了。
7. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S＋V＋O＋A)
该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词、副词或介词短语，在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。
I waited for him [at the school gate]．我在校门口等他。
8. 存现句(There be...)
There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构是 There is/are/was/were...＋地点状语。谓语动词有时候
可用表示存在的其他动词，如live, stand, lie, seem/appear to be (好像有), happen to be (碰巧有), used to be (曾
经有) 等。
There is a piano in my study room.在我的书房里有一架钢琴。
There are 56 students in my class.我的班里有56名学生。
一．写出下列句子所属的句子结构
①This kind of food tastes terrible. S ＋ P
②He studies hard. S ＋ V ＋ A
③There are several books on the desks.There__be...
④He made me very angry. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C
⑤I visited many places of interest with my family last week.__ S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ A
⑥Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow. S ＋ V ＋ IO ＋ DO
二．写出下列句中加黑部分充当什么句子成分
1．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.表语
2．To be or not to be is a question.主语
3．His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.宾语补足语
4．The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.宾语补足语
5．Is he the man who wants to see you？定语
学科网（北京）股份有限公司6．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.宾语
7．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.宾语
8．What you explained just now didn’t satisfy me.主语
9．We must get together again some day.状语
10．If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.状语
三．.写出下列句子属于哪类句子结构
1．I found the problem easy. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C
2．I have never cooked at home. S ＋ V ＋ A
3．There are ten boys under the big tree.There__be...
4．Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. S ＋ V ＋ IO ＋ DO
5．The boss made him do the work all day. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C
6．The tree has grown much taller than before. S ＋ P
写作(个人简介)
一、黄金写作模板
My name is ________ and I’m a Grade ________ student at ________(学校名称)．I look ________(外貌特征)．
I am a(n) ________ (性格特征) boy/girl.My favourite subject is ________．I ________(学习方法)．________
are my hobbies.My dream is to ________．
二、写作架构及语言特点
个人简介是新课标中书面表达常见的形式之一，其主要内容为简单介绍人物的姓名、年级、外貌、性格、
最喜欢的学科、学习方法、爱好及对未来的打算等。个人简介语言简洁，突出重点，条理清晰。
三、常用词汇
1．warm－hearted adj. 热心肠的
2．lovely adj. 可爱的
3．easy－going adj. 随和的
4．clever adj. 聪明的
5．creative adj. 富有创造性(力)的
6．friendly adj. 友善的
7．independent adj. 独立的
8．active adj. 主动的，活跃的
9．dream of 梦想
10．be interested in 对……感兴趣
11．be ready to help others 乐于助人
12．get along/on well with... 与……关系良好
四、常用句式
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1．My name is Li Ming.I am a Senior 3 student of Xinhua Middle School.
我是李明，新华中学高三年级的一名学生。
2．I have been learning English for nearly six years，so I have a good knowledge of English.
我已经学习英语近六年了，因此我精通英语。
3．I’m Li Hua, an 18－year－old girl student in Class One, Grade Three.I’m open－minded, easy－going and
enthusiastic.I think my English is good enough to communicate with foreigners and I like to make friends.
我是李华，18岁，是三年级一班的一位女学生。我心胸开阔，性格随和，热情好客。我认为我的英语足够
好，能够与外国人交流，而且我喜欢交朋友。
4．I’d like to make full use of free time to take part in sports activities.
我想充分利用空闲时间去参加体育活动。
5．Last but not least, he is warm－hearted and willing to help others in need.
最后但同等重要的是，他是热心的，愿意帮助有需要的人。
典例
假设你是李华，是校英语俱乐部的成员。英语俱乐部下次交流的话题是“My Hero”，请你写一篇英语发言
稿，介绍你班身残志坚的同学——王跃。内容包括：
1．他不能正常地走路；
2．他对待生活和学习的态度；
3．你敬佩他的原因。
注意：1.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear friends，
My name is Li Hua.
That’s all.Thank you.
第一步：审题谋篇
学科网（北京）股份有限公司第二步：要点翻译
1．我想和你们分享我的英雄，我的一个同学王跃。
I would like to share my hero with you ．He is one of my classmates.He is named Wang Yue.
2．当王跃出生时，他患有一种可怕的疾病，使他不能行走。
When Wang Yue was born， he suffered from a terrible disease ．It made him unable to walk.
3．因此，他不得不整天坐在轮椅上。
As a result， he has to sit in a wheelchair all day ．
4．他努力学习功课，因为他有一个伟大的梦想。
He works hard at his lessons because he has a big dream ．
5．他的志向是长大后当一名科学家。
His goal is to become a scientist when he grows up ．
6．王跃是我的英雄，因为他从不放弃梦想，虽然身体残疾。
Wang Yue is my hero.He never gives up his dream although he is disabled ．
7．他激励我们尽最大努力使梦想成真。
His example inspires us to try our best to make our dreams come true ．
第三步：词句升级
1．升级要点1为名词短语作同位语且包含一个过去分词作定语的句式
I would like to share my hero with you,_ one of my classmates named Wang Yue .
2．把要点2合并升级为定语从句
When Wang Yue was born , he suffered from a terrible disease , which made him unable to walk .
3．把要点6合并升级为because引导的原因状语从句
Wang Yue is my hero because he never gives up his dream although he is disabled .
第四步：连句成篇
Dear friends ，
My name is Li Hua . I would like to share my hero with you, one of my classmates named Wang Yue.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司When Wang Yue was born, he suffered from a terrible disease, which made him unable to walk.As a result, he
has to sit in a wheelchair all day.However, Wang Yue stays positive about life.He works hard at his lessons because
he has a big dream.His goal is to become a scientist when he grows up.
Wang Yue is my hero because he never gives up his dream although he is disabled.His example inspires us to
try our best to make our dreams come true.
That’s all.Thank you .
一
假如你是李华，进入新学校新班级，同学们互相还都不熟悉。英语课上，老师让你们相互介绍，请你
按下表提供的信息用英语写一篇自我介绍：
姓名 李华 年龄 17 性别 男 国籍 中国
住址 上海市黄浦路26号 电子邮箱 LH@163.com
1.性格外向，热心肠，喜欢交友；
其他 2.爱好集邮、足球、钓鱼；
3.想成为一名工程师。
【学生习作】
①My name is Li Hua.②I am a high school student
of seventeen.I live at No.26 Huangpu Road，
Shanghai，China and study in No.21 Middle School
[点评] 1.①、②两句可合为一
of Shanghai.③I like playing football and collecting
句，用并列连词或同位语均可。
stamps in my spare time like many teenage
2.③句可变换词汇，同时应用高
boys.Besides，I'm quite interested in fishing.It has
级句式。
been three years since I started learning to fish.
3.④句中very可替换为more
As an outgoing boy，④I'm very glad to make
than。
new friends with you.I'm a kindhearted boy.If you
need help，I'll do my best to help you.I plan to be an
engineer in the future.
【升格作文】
学科网（北京）股份有限公司My name is Li Hua, a high school student of seventeen. I live at No. 26 Huangpu Road, Shanghai, China and
study in No. 21 Middle School of Shanghai. In common with many teenage boys，I like playing football in my
spare time, and collecting stamps is also my favorite. Besides, I'm quite interested in fishing. It has been three years
since I started learning to fish.
As an outgoing boy, I'm more than glad to make new friends with you. I'm a kindhearted boy. If you need help,
I'll do my best to help you. I plan to be an engineer in the future.
二
假如你是某校高一(6)班学生李华，学校英语社团(the English society)现在要招募新成员，你有意参加该
社团。请用英文给社长Johnson写一封自荐信。
内容要点如下：
1．写信目的，愿意参加；
2．个人情况介绍(兴趣、英语情况、技能以及性格等)。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[参考范文]
Dear Johnson，
I'm Li Hua from Class 6，Grade 1.I'm glad to hear that new members are wanted in the English society.I'm
willing to join it.
I'm interested in English and have a good knowledge of it.Having learnt English for more than ten years，I
can communicate with others in English fluently.What's more，I have some special skills，such as singing
songs，telling stories and making speeches.Above all，I'm easy to get along with and enjoy working with others.
I'm looking forward to being accepted.
Yours，
Li Hua
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
