文档内容
1、
Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug
possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception
of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply
offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders
receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable
differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as
individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence.
Each country’s criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to
divert them to treatment, while punishing others.
答案：FALSE
The text mentions that "warning", "fine" and "suspended prison
sentence" are the most prevalent methods of punishing in cases of
drug possession, adding that "community work orders" are also occasionally
used. This makes for four methods of punishment.
However, note that there are other types of drug offences mentioned in the
text, such as supply offences, which are punishable by prison sentence (which
is different than suspended prison sentence).
So, we have at least five methods of punishment pertaining to at least two
types of drug offences. Thus, the statement is FALSE.
2、
Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug
possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception
of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply
offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders
receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable
differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as
individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence.
Each country’s criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to
divert them to treatment, while punishing others.答案：C
While it is true that a person caught with drugs would most likely face one of these
three punishments, the text does not mention that the choice of punishment
depends on the country where the offender was caught. Note that, despite the
statement that “differences between countries exist regarding how strongly to draw
the line between users as individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing
criminal punishment as deterrence”, the statement above does not mention
treatment as an option, and the distinction between different types of punishments
is not specified.
Thus, the answer is CANNOT SAY.
3 、
Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug
possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception
of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply
offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders
receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable
differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as
individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence.
Each country’s criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to
divert them to treatment, while punishing others.
答案：B
There are two parts to this statement:
1. Penalising via community service is regularly used.
2. Penalising via community service is regularly used because of its therapeutic
value.
However, it is important to remember that we must always assess the validity of
the entire statement against the text. Thus, we first need to see whether the first
part of the statement – “penalising through community service is regularly used” -
is true. According to the text, community work orders are rarely used [for this drug
offence]. This means, that the first part of the statement is FALSE. If we continue
and examine the second part, we can see that there is no mention in the text of
the therapeutic value of community work, although it does say that treatment is
another possible way to deal with offenders.
Remainder- choose Cannot Say only when it cannot be decided if the statement is
true or false. Since we know that at least a part of the statement is false, than weknow the entire statement to be false.
Thus, the statement is FALSE
4、
Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug
possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception
of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply
offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders
receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable
differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as
individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence.
Each country’s criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to
divert them to treatment, while punishing others
答案：C
The text indicates that each country’s justice system differentiates between
users needing treatment and traffickers needing deterrence, but the ratio
between these two groups in Europe is not specified.
Thus, we CANNOT SAY.
5、
Throughout Europe, the three most prevalent ways of punishing an individual for a drug
possession offence are warning, fine and suspended prison sentence; with the exception
of a few countries, community work orders are rarely used. Those convicted of supply
offences are more likely to receive a prison sentence. Notwithstanding, certain offenders
receive long sentences and these are often brought up in public debate. Considerable
differences between countries exist regarding where to draw the line between users as
individuals needing treatment, and traffickers needing criminal punishment as deterrence.
Each country’s criminal justice system recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to
divert them to treatment, while punishing others
答案：A
According to the text "Each individual country’s criminal justice system
recognises some people as sick, and thus tries to divert them to treatment, whilst
punishing others."
This means, that each country has its own criteria for determining a person’s statuson this issue.
The statement is TRUE
6、
Strategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set priorities,
focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other
stakeholders are working towards common goals, establish agreement around intended
outcomes, and assess and adjust the organisation's direction in response to an ever-
changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and
actions that shape and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why
it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where an
organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know
if it has succeeded.
答案：C
While the text clearly states that strategic planning is a practice used in response
to an ever-changing environment, it is not mentioned as essential. It might be
essential, but we have no way of knowing this definitively from the text.
Thus, the correct answer is Cannot Say
7、
trategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set priorities,
focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other
stakeholders are working towards common goals, establish agreement around intended
outcomes, and assess and adjust the organisation's direction in response to an ever-
changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and
actions that shape and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why
it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where an
organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know
if it has succeeded.
答案：A
The text indicates that “Effective strategic planning directs not only
where an organisation is going and the actions needed to makeprogress, but also how it will know if it has succeeded”.
This means that effective strategic planning sets three things:
1. the organisation’s direction
2. the actions needed for progress, and -
3. how to determine whether it has succeeded - to do this one
would need to decide what makes a certain performance
successful and another a failure. The word HOW refers to the
way in which this is evaluated.
The phrase “criteria” means “principles or standards by which
something may be judged or decided”, meaning a way to assess,
amongst other things, the success of an organisation, which effective
strategic planning enables.
Thus, the correct answer is TRUE
8、
Strategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set
priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that
employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals,
establish agreement around intended outcomes, and assess and adjust the
organisation's direction in response to an ever-changing environment. It is a
disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape
and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does
it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where
an organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also
how it will know if it has succeeded.
答案：B
Among other goals for strategic planning, the text cites making sure “that
employees and other stakeholders are working towards common goals”.
This means, that both work towards mutual, not personal, goals.
Thus, the correct answer is FALSE
9、
Strategic planning is an organisational management practice that is used to set priorities,focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that employees and other
stakeholders are working towards common goals, establish agreement around intended
outcomes, and assess and adjust the organisation's direction in response to an ever-
changing environment. It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and
actions that shape and guide what an organisation is, who it serves, what it does, and why
it does it, with a focus on the future. Effective strategic planning directs not only where an
organisation is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know
if it has succeeded.
答
案
C
The correct answer is "Cannot Say."
The relevant part in the passage from which we can assess the statement is:
“....but also how it will know if it has succeeded." From this sentence one may
infer that in order to identify success, a comparison with the past is necessary.
However, it cannot be determined whether past goals and achievements are
necessary for this evaluation
10、
Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation
dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as
specified in a company’s protocol. The required form for the supervisor to
complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.
In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance
Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used
by the supervisor in the overall review of the employee’s performance and in
setting future goals.
An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the
employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an
employee’s signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement,
with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, thesupervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed
with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will
provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents and
attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the company’s
HR department for the employee’s personnel file.
答案：C
While it make sense, intuitively, that a supervisor would have to know these
things in order to give an employee a performance evaluation – it is not
mentioned anywhere in the text. Thus, the correct answer is CANNOT SAY
11、
Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation
dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as
specified in a company’s protocol. The required form for the supervisor to
complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.
In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance
Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used
by the supervisor in the overall review of the employee’s performance and in
setting future goals.
An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the
employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an
employee’s signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement,
with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, the
supervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed
with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will
provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents and
attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the company’s
HR department for the employee’s personnel file.
答案：BAccording to the text, “An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the
supervisor and the employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign
it”.
Being given the opportunity, however, does not necessarily mean the employee
will sign. The text explains that employees may refuse to sign their evaluation,
and that this will be noted. This is immediately followed by, "All documents and
attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the company’s HR
[...]."
When we read this sentence in context of the previous sentence, we realise that
the unsigned evaluation must be included in the documents that are forwarded to
HR, or there would be no point in noting the employee's refusal to sign in the first
place. Unsigned evaluations are still transferred to the company’s HR department
and the employee’s personnel file.
Thus, stating that the employee’s signature is mandatory in order for an
evaluation to go into the personnel file is FALSE
12、
Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation
dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as
specified in a company’s protocol. The required form for the supervisor to
complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.
In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance
Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used
by the supervisor in the overall review of the employee’s performance and in
setting future goals.
An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the
employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an
employee’s signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement,
with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, the
supervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed
with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will
provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents andattachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the company’s
HR department for the employee’s personnel file.
答案：B
It is clearly stated that “it is recommended the employee complete a Performance
Self-Assessment form”.
The use of the word “recommended” indicates the form does not HAVE to be
included.
The statement is therefore FALSE
13、
Supervisors are responsible for tracking probationary and annual evaluation
dates and for the completion of the written evaluation in a timely manner, as
specified in a company’s protocol. The required form for the supervisor to
complete is the Staff Performance Evaluation form.
In addition, it is recommended that the employee complete a Performance
Self-Assessment form. The information from the self-evaluation can be used
by the supervisor in the overall review of the employee’s performance and in
setting future goals.
An evaluation is only valid once it is signed by the supervisor and the
employee has been given an opportunity to review and sign it. However, an
employee’s signature acknowledges receipt only, not necessarily agreement,
with an evaluation. If an employee refuses to sign the evaluation, the
supervisor will note on the document the date the evaluation was discussed
with the employee and the fact that the employee refused to sign it, and will
provide a copy of the evaluation to the employee. All documents and
attachments with original signatures should be forwarded to the company’s
HR department for the employee’s personnel file.
答案：BAccording to the text, Self-Assessment forms are to be completed
by the employee, not by the supervisor. Thus, the statement is
FALSE
14、
The exponential growth and development in the services and activities of
search engines during the past decade has brought about a number of
challenging legal issues in the area of copyright law. While search engines
are continuously expanding their reach, copyright law has largely failed to
adequately respond to these technological advancements. Rather, the
current situation is one of rigid, outdated copyright laws being applied to
online activities, which were never contemplated when the original legislation
was drafted – causing great ambiguity. Search engines have the crucial role
of ensuring the free flow of the internet’s core purpose – access to
information. However, by their very nature, copyright laws fundamentally
challenge this concept of free flowing and accessible information.
答案：C
While we are inclined to answer TRUE to this statement, since the text refers to challenging issues in this field in
the past decade, we must remember that if the text does not address the situation prior to the past decade, it is
impossible to verify the statement.
Thus, the answer is CANNOT SAY
15、The exponential growth and development in the services and activities of search engines
during the past decade has brought about a number of challenging legal issues in the area
of copyright law. While search engines are continuously expanding their reach, copyright
law has largely failed to adequately respond to these technological advancements. Rather,
the current situation is one of rigid, outdated copyright laws being applied to online activities,
which were never contemplated when the original legislation was drafted – causing great
ambiguity. Search engines have the crucial role of ensuring the free flow of the internet’s
core purpose – access to information. However, by their very nature, copyright laws
fundamentally challenge this concept of free flowing and accessible information
答案：C
The opening sentence states that there has been an exponential growth and
development in the services and activities of search engines in the past decade.
However, we do not know anything about the growth rate prior to this decade.
Theoretically, it is possible that at some point in time since their creation the growth
of search engine services was even faster. The information provided is insufficient
16、
The exponential growth and development in the services and activities of search engines
during the past decade has brought about a number of challenging legal issues in the area
of copyright law. While search engines are continuously expanding their reach, copyright
law has largely failed to adequately respond to these technological advancements. Rather,
the current situation is one of rigid, outdated copyright laws being applied to online activities,
which were never contemplated when the original legislation was drafted – causing great
ambiguity. Search engines have the crucial role of ensuring the free flow of the internet’s
core purpose – access to information. However, by their very nature, copyright laws
fundamentally challenge this concept of free flowing and accessible information.
答案：B
The text describes a continuous expansion in the reach of search engines, while
stating that copyright laws have failed to adequately respond to these advances.
Thus, the answer is FALSE
17、The exponential growth and development in the services and activities of search engines
during the past decade has brought about a number of challenging legal issues in the area
of copyright law. While search engines are continuously expanding their reach, copyright
law has largely failed to adequately respond to these technological advancements. Rather,
the current situation is one of rigid, outdated copyright laws being applied to online activities,
which were never contemplated when the original legislation was drafted – causing great
ambiguity. Search engines have the crucial role of ensuring the free flow of the internet’s
core purpose – access to information. However, by their very nature, copyright laws
fundamentally challenge this concept of free flowing and accessible information
答案：B
The text notes a contradiction between the purpose of search engines and the
nature of copyright law, and indicates that their focus is different. While the
internet’s core purpose is free access to information, copyright laws fundamentally
challenge this concept (as legality is their main focus).
The statement is FALSE
18、
The exponential growth and development in the services and activities of search engines
during the past decade has brought about a number of challenging legal issues in the area
of copyright law. While search engines are continuously expanding their reach, copyright
law has largely failed to adequately respond to these technological advancements. Rather,
the current situation is one of rigid, outdated copyright laws being applied to online activities,
which were never contemplated when the original legislation was drafted – causing great
ambiguity. Search engines have the crucial role of ensuring the free flow of the internet’s
core purpose – access to information. However, by their very nature, copyright laws
fundamentally challenge this concept of free flowing and accessible information.
答案：C
The text mentions that: "the current situation is one of … copyright laws being
applied to online activities, which were never contemplated when the original
legislation was drafted".
It is possible that search engines did not exist when the laws were drafted. It isalso possible that they were simply not as common at the time, or were perceived
as unimportant.
Since we do not know why the laws are outdated or when they were written, we
CANNOT SAY whether this statement is true or false.
19、
Until the last decade of the previous millennium, the improvements and developments in the
mechanical side of the motor manufacturing industry have been negligible. However, the increasing
price tag of oil barrels and the recent awareness to the scarcity of this resource have fuelled the
market with new and innovative solutions and replacements for the old fashioned petrol engine.
Hybrid engines combining petrol and electricity, full electrical engines, solar operating engines
and even hydrogenic engines that burn water as fuel are all in the process of development and
some are already available in the market. Hybrid cars that broke through the reign of the petrol
engines glass ceiling can reduce fuel consumption by up to 50% and up to 95% of exhaust
emission gases. The variety of hybrid models is increasing rapidly though their reliability and
performance are not equivalent yet to their petrol counterparts
答案：A
According to the text, the improvements and developments in the
motor manufacturing industry have started a decade before the end
of the previous millennium and therefore we can conclude that
there has been an increase in development of substitutes for the
petrol engine.
The answer is True
20、
Until the last decade of the previous millennium, the improvements and
developments in the mechanical side of the motor manufacturing industry have
been negligible. However, the increasing price tag of oil barrels and the recent
awareness to the scarcity of this resource have fuelled the market with new and
innovative solutions and replacements for the old fashioned petrol engine. Hybrid
engines combining petrol and electricity, full electrical engines, solar operating
engines and even hydrogenic engines that burn water as fuel are all in the process
of development and some are already available in the market. Hybrid cars thatbroke through the reign of the petrol engines glass ceiling can reduce fuel
consumption by up to 50% and up to 95% of exhaust emission gases. The variety
of hybrid models is increasing rapidly though their reliability and performance are
not equivalent yet to their petrol counterparts
答案：C
Hybrid cars "broke through the reign of the petrol engines" but there are other
developments such as full electrical engines, solar operating engines and hydrogenic
engines. We have no information on which development received the most focus.
The answer is Cannot Say
21、
Until the last decade of the previous millennium, the improvements and
developments in the mechanical side of the motor manufacturing industry have
been negligible. However, the increasing price tag of oil barrels and the recent
awareness to the scarcity of this resource have fuelled the market with new
and innovative solutions and replacements for the old fashioned petrol engine.
Hybrid engines combining petrol and electricity, full electrical engines, solar
operating engines and even hydrogenic engines that burn water as fuel are all
in the process of development and some are already available in the market.
Hybrid cars that broke through the reign of the petrol engine's glass ceiling can
reduce fuel consumption by up to 50% and up to 95% of exhaust emission
gases. The variety of hybrid models is increasing rapidly though their reliability
and performance are not equivalent yet to their petrol counterparts
答案：B
The passage discusses the "new and innovative solutions and replacements for
the old fashioned petrol engine".
You should notice that according to the passage, the changes started in the
final decade of the last millennium. We might think of a possibility that the
changes may have not progressed from 2000 onward. However, the sentence
"Hybrid engines combining petrol and electricity ... are all in the process of
development and some are already available in the market", is sufficient for us
to conclude that the development is anything but static.
Therefore, the answer is False.
22、Until the last decade of the previous millennium, the improvements and
developments in the mechanical side of the motor manufacturing industry have
been negligible. However, the increasing price tag of oil barrels and the recent
awareness to the scarcity of this resource have fuelled the market with new
and innovative solutions and replacements for the old fashioned petrol engine;
Hybrid engines combining petrol and electricity, full electrical engines, solar
operating engines and even hydrogenic engines that burn water as fuel are all
in the process of development and some are already available in the market.
Hybrid cars that broke through the reign of the petrol engines glass ceiling can
reduce fuel consumption by up to 50% and up to 95% of exhaust emission
gases. The variety of hybrid models is increasing rapidly though their reliability
and performance are not equivalent yet to their petrol counterparts.
答案：C
According to the text, hydrogenic car and other replacements for
petrol engines are all in the process of development, and some are
already available in the market - however we are not told which of
them is already available and which is not.
We cannot tell how old hydrogen cars are, based on the text alone.
The answer is Cannot say.
23、
To determine whether interbreeding took place among Homo species before the
populations that became modern humans left Africa, evolutionary biologists
studied DNA from two African hunter-gatherer groups, the Biaka Pygmies and
the San, and from a West African agricultural population, the Mandenka. Each
of these groups is descended from populations thought to have remained in
Africa, meaning they would have avoided the genetic bottleneck effect that
usually occurs with migration. This means the groups show particularly high
genetic diversity, which makes their genomes more likely to have retained
evidence of ancient genetic mixing. The researchers looked at 61 non-codingDNA regions in all three groups. Because direct comparison to archaic specimens
wasn't possible, the authors used computer models to simulate how infiltration
from different populations might have affected patterns of variation within
modern genomes. On chromosomes 4, 13 and 18 of the three African
populations, the researchers found genetic regions that were more divergent
on average than known modern sequences at the same locations, hinting at a
different origin.
答案：B
These population groups were chosen because "each of these groups is descended from populations thought to
have remained in Africa, meaning they would have avoided the genetic bottleneck effect that usually occurs with
migration." Therefore, the reason for selecting these two groups is that they avoided the genetic bottleneck
effect, thus the answer is False
24、
To determine whether interbreeding took place among Homo species before the
populations that became modern humans left Africa, evolutionary biologists
studied DNA from two African hunter-gatherer groups, the Biaka Pygmies and
the San, and from a West African agricultural population, the Mandenka. Each
of these groups is descended from populations thought to have remained in
Africa, meaning they would have avoided the genetic bottleneck effect that
usually occurs with migration. This means the groups show particularly high
genetic diversity, which makes their genomes more likely to have retained
evidence of ancient genetic mixing. The researchers looked at 61 non-coding
DNA regions in all three groups. Because direct comparison to archaic specimens
wasn't possible, the authors used computer models to simulate how infiltration
from different populations might have affected patterns of variation within
modern genomes. On chromosomes 4, 13 and 18 of the three African
populations, the researchers found genetic regions that were more divergent
on average than known modern sequences at the same locations, hinting at a
different origin.
答案：A
A careful reading will prove that this is true: "Each of these groups is descended
from populations thought to have remained in Africa, meaning they would have
avoided the genetic bottleneck effect that usually occurs with migration. This
means the groups show particularly high genetic diversity, which makes their
genomes more likely to have retained evidence of ancient genetic mixing."
Migrating groups, by contrast, must show low genetic diversity, or little evidence
of ancient genetic mixing. This means that they apparently breed little with
different groups at first. Therefore, the answer is True
25、To determine whether interbreeding took place among Homo species before the
populations that became modern humans left Africa, evolutionary biologists
studied DNA from two African hunter-gatherer groups, the Biaka Pygmies and
the San, and from a West African agricultural population, the Mandenka. Each
of these groups is descended from populations thought to have remained in
Africa, meaning they would have avoided the genetic bottleneck effect that
usually occurs with migration. This means the groups show particularly high
genetic diversity, which makes their genomes more likely to have retained
evidence of ancient genetic mixing. The researchers looked at 61 non-coding
DNA regions in all three groups. Because direct comparison to archaic specimens
wasn't possible, the authors used computer models to simulate how infiltration
from different populations might have affected patterns of variation within
modern genomes. On chromosomes 4, 13 and 18 of the three African
populations, the researchers found genetic regions that were more divergent
on average than known modern sequences at the same locations, hinting at a
different origin.
答案：B
This is a radical misreading of the passage: "On chromosomes 4, 13 and 18 of the
three African populations, the researchers found genetic regions that were more
divergent on average than known modern sequences at the same locations." The
genes of the three African populations were simply more divergent than others
from the same regions
26、
To determine whether interbreeding took place among Homo species before the
populations that became modern humans left Africa, evolutionary biologists
studied DNA from two African hunter-gatherer groups, the Biaka Pygmies and
the San, and from a West African agricultural population, the Mandenka. Each
of these groups is descended from populations thought to have remained in
Africa, meaning they would have avoided the genetic bottleneck effect that
usually occurs with migration. This means the groups show particularly high
genetic diversity, which makes their genomes more likely to have retainedevidence of ancient genetic mixing. The researchers looked at 61 non-coding
DNA regions in all three groups. Because direct comparison to archaic specimens
wasn't possible, the authors used computer models to simulate how infiltration
from different populations might have affected patterns of variation within
modern genomes. On chromosomes 4, 13 and 18 of the three African
populations, the researchers found genetic regions that were more divergent
on average than known modern sequences at the same locations, hinting at a
different origin.
答案：B
The text separates between the hunter-gatherer group and the agricultural
population. Biaka is categorised within the former, while Mandenka is
categorised as part of the latter.
This means, that Mandenka is not a hunter-gatherer group, but is part of the
agricultural population.
Therefore, the statement is therefore FALSE
27、
It is widely accepted that an individual European country’s inflation is of no
relevance and that only the average inflation in the euro zone as a whole
matters, since it is part of a common market. Thus, countries within that market
are often grouped as a single entity for analytical purposes. According to this
view, the fact that inflation in the highly-indebted countries is below the euro-
zone average is a good thing and is part of a relative price adjustment. The
troubled debtor countries’ prices decline relative to the northern euro-zone
countries. This boosts their competitiveness and is part of a healthy rebalancing
mechanism. Although theoretically correct, the practical implication of this
competitiveness effect is limited. With the exception of Greece, there is very
little difference in national inflation rates in the euro zone. Germany’s inflation
is 1.3% (the highest rate) while inflation in the highly-indebted countries,
Ireland, Spain, and Portugal, is 0.2 to 0.3% and in Italy 0.7%.
答案：B
We might be tempted to think that this is a CANNOT SAY statement, due to the
second part of the statement – which talks about a causality not mentioned in
the text. However, it is actually a FALSE statement due to the part stating that
inflation in Germany is more than twice that of Italy: The text notes that
inflation in Germany is 1.3%, while inflation in Italy is 0.7%. This means,
German inflation is less than twice that of Italy.
The statement is FALSE28、
It is widely accepted that an individual European country’s inflation is of no
relevance and that only the average inflation in the euro zone as a whole
matters, since it is part of a common market. Thus, countries within that market
are often grouped as a single entity for analytical purposes. According to this
view, the fact that inflation in the highly-indebted countries is below the euro-
zone average is a good thing and is part of a relative price adjustment. The
troubled debtor countries’ prices decline relative to the northern euro-zone
countries. This boosts their competitiveness and is part of a healthy rebalancing
mechanism. Although theoretically correct, the practical implication of this
competitiveness effect is limited. With the exception of Greece, there is very
little difference in national inflation rates in the euro zone. Germany’s inflation
is 1.3% (the highest rate) while inflation in the highly-indebted countries,
Ireland, Spain, and Portugal, is 0.2 to 0.3% and in Italy 0.7%.
答案：A
We are told that countries within the common market are grouped as a single
entity for analytical purposes. This implies a holistic approach. The first sentence
notes that this fact is widely accepted. Thus, the statement is TRUE
29、
It is widely accepted that an individual European country’s inflation is of no
relevance and that only the average inflation in the euro zone as a whole
matters, since it is part of a common market. Thus, countries within that market
are often grouped as a single entity for analytical purposes. According to this
view, the fact that inflation in the highly-indebted countries is below the euro-
zone average is a good thing and is part of a relative price adjustment. The
troubled debtor countries’ prices decline relative to the northern euro-zone
countries. This boosts their competitiveness and is part of a healthy rebalancing
mechanism. Although theoretically correct, the practical implication of this
competitiveness effect is limited. With the exception of Greece, there is very
little difference in national inflation rates in the euro zone. Germany’s inflation
is 1.3% (the highest rate) while inflation in the highly-indebted countries,Ireland, Spain, and Portugal, is 0.2 to 0.3% and in Italy 0.7%.
答案：C
The text states that an individual country’s inflation is of no relevance in the euro
zone, but it does not say anything about other financial issues; nor does it say
whether inflation is considered a ‘major’ financial issue. Therefore, we CANNOT
SAY
30、
It is widely accepted that an individual European country’s inflation is of no
relevance and that only the average inflation in the euro zone as a whole
matters, since it is part of a common market. Thus, countries within that market
are often grouped as a single entity for analytical purposes. According to this
view, the fact that inflation in the highly-indebted countries is below the euro-
zone average is a good thing and is part of a relative price adjustment. The
troubled debtor countries’ prices decline relative to the northern euro-zone
countries. This boosts their competitiveness and is part of a healthy rebalancing
mechanism. Although theoretically correct, the practical implication of this
competitiveness effect is limited. With the exception of Greece, there is very
little difference in national inflation rates in the euro zone. Germany’s inflation
is 1.3% (the highest rate) while inflation in the highly-indebted countries,
Ireland, Spain, and Portugal, is 0.2 to 0.3% and in Italy 0.7%.
答案：B
This statement is not completely accurate: according to the text, while
competitiveness between the countries in the euro zone is limited, there are some
differences in inflation rates between the countries– not a complete lack of
difference
