文档内容
2018年考研英语（-）真题逐词逐句精讲
use oi 姑ngiH^z
,•■第一段••《
❶Trust is a tricky business.信任是一件难以捉摸的事。
句子主干 Trust is a tricky business.（主+系+表）
:词汇注释：tricky [ jtnki] a.难对付的;狡猾的 b*[usiness -biznas]".事情;商业;生意;企业
❷ On the one hand, it's a necessary condition ifbr many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. 一方面，对于
诸如照看小孩、维持友情等很多值得做的事情而言,它是一个必要条件。
一级修饰 On the one hand,
[插入语
句子主干 it's a necessary condition （主+系+表）
；词汇注释； c*[ondition kan.dijn] n.条件;状态;环境 w*[ orthwhile iW3：0*wail] a.值得的;重要的
❸ On the other hand, putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price.而另一方面,信任错付往往会让你
付出高昂的代价。
二级修饰
On the other hand,
I插入语
▼
句子主干 putting your faith in the wrong place often carries ?唤4匹竺・（主+谓+宾）
. . .第二段• • •
❶Then, why do we trust at all?那么，我们究竟为何要信任他人呢？
句子主干 Then, why do we trust at all?（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+主+谓语动词）
at础1究竟;既然;果然（常用于疑问句、条件从句和肯定句）
❷Well, because it feels good.嗯，因为这种感觉很好。
句子主干 Well, because it feels good.（主+系+表）
❸ When people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that
produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instiiict that prompts humans to connect with one another.当人
们给予某个人或机构信任时，他们的大脑会释放催产素----种令人产生愉悦之感并触发群居本能的荷尔蒙,
这种本能会促使人类彼此之间建立良好的关系。
151一级修饰 When people place their trust in an individual or an institution,
[When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 their brains release o^tocin,（主+谓+宾）
[oxytocin的同位语
—级修饰 a hormone
that引导的定语从句,|修饰a hormone
二级修饰 that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct
that引导的定语从句，修饰the herding instinct |
三级修饰 that prompts humans to connect with one another.
词汇注释：i*ndividual [ （indrvid3uol] n.个人 a.单独的 i*nstitution [ iinstrtjuijn] n.机构；制度
oxytocin [ loksi-tausm]几 催产素 h*ormone [ •hoimaun] n.荷尔蒙;激素
i*nstinct [ 'instigfet] n.本能;直觉;天性 prompt☆ [ prompt ] vt.促使；导致；鼓励
❹ Scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting mood: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed
oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ； those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to
strangers出an were their counterparts who inhaled something else.科学家已发现，受这种荷尔蒙的影响，我们会产
生一种轻信他人的情绪:在一项瑞士的研究中，研究人员将催产素喷入一半受试者的鼻腔中;与吸入了别的东
西的受试者相比，这些人愿意借给陌生人金钱的数额明显更高。
Scientists have found （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作have found的宾语
that exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting mood:
__________ 解释说明I
In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;
一级修饰 I并列句
those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers
| than引导的比较状语从句
二级修饰 than were their counterparts
who引导的定语从句,I修饰their counterparts
三级修饰 who inhaled something else.
戛&生释than引导的比较状语从句为省略表语（ready）和状语（to lend money to strangers）的倒装句。
； e*xposure [ik'spau33（r） ] n.接触;面临，遭受 s*pray [sprei] v.喷;飞溅 n.浪花
's*ubject [ ,SAbd3ikt] n.受试者;科目；主题 significantly [sig-nifikantli] ad.显著地，明显地
c*ounterpart [ kauntapazt] n.对应的人或物 i*nhale [m-heil] v.吸入;吸气
…第三段..
❶ Lucky for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may protect us.幸运的是,我们同样具备对于不诚实行
为的第六感,这种第六感也许能保护我们。
一级修饰 Lucky for us,
1插入语
句子主干 we also have a sixth sense （主+谓+宾）
|介词短语作后置定语，修饰a sixth sense
for dishonesty
一级修饰 that引导的定语从句，修饰a sixth sense
that may protect us.
152:词汇注释:s*ense [sens] n.感觉;意识;理解力vt.意识到;领会 dishonesty [dwomsti] n.不诚实行为
❷ A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate between a credible person and a dishonest
one.加拿大的一项研究发现，仅有14个月大的儿童就能区分可信的人和不诚实的人。
句子主干 A Canadian study found that^ildreiL»can^ifferaiti^ （主+谓+宾从）
形容词短语作后置定语J修饰children'
了咨J ■. !-专、营阿
as young as 14 months
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语
between a credible person and a dishonest one.
:词汇注释:d*ifferentiate [ idifs renfieit] v.区分，辨别 credible [ kredabl] a.可信的;可靠的
❸ Sixty toddlers were each introduced to an adult tester holding a plastic container. 60 名学步的儿童分别被介绍给一
位手持塑料容器的成年测试员。
句子主干 Sixty toddlers were each introduced （主+谓）
介词短语作状语J表对象
—级修饰 to an adult tester
现在分词短语作后置定语，[修饰an adult tester
二级修饰 holding a plastic container.
:词汇注释:toddler [，todb（r） ] n.学步的儿童 p*lastic [，plaestik] a.塑料的 n.塑料
❹ The tester would ask, “What's in here?" before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!”测试员
会问:“这里面是什么呢? ”然后往容器里面看，同时笑着惊呼道:“哇!”
句子主干 The tester would ask, “What's in here?"（主+谓+宾）
I介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
before looking into the container, smiling,
一级修饰 | and连接并列的动名词（短语）
and exclaiming, "Wow!"
「诃无注施]container [ k3n^ema（r） ] n.容器;集装箱 exclaim1* [ik skleim] v.惊呼，喊叫
❺Each subject was then invited to look inside.接着每个受试儿童都被邀请向容器里面看。
句子主干 Each subject was then invited to look inside.（主+谓）
5瞌注程j句中谓语was...invited使用了一般过去式的被动语态，动词不定式短语to look inside作主语Each
subject的补足语。
❻ Half of them found a toy； the other half discovered the container was empty—and realized the tester had fooled them.
他们中有一半人发现了一个玩具;另一半则发现容器是空的——并意识到测试员欺骗了他们。 1 2
（1） Half of them found atoy;（主+谓+宾）
I并列句
句子主干 （2） the other half discovered （主+谓+宾从）
[省略引导词（that ）的宾语从句，作discovered的宾语
the container was empty
补充说明
—and realized the tester had fooled them.
［词汇注释 discover* [di-skAva（r） ] vt.发现，找到 fool*[fu：l] vt.欺骗;愚弄 vi.干傻事 n.傻瓜
153…第四段…
O Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were willing to cooperate with the tester in learning a new
skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.没有被欺骗的孩子中，大部分愿意与测试员合作去学习一项
新技能，这说明他们相信测试员的领导能力。
二级修饰 who had not been tricked,
]who引导的定语从句,修饰the children
_级修饰 Among the children
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 the majority were willing to cooperate with the tester （主+谓）
.面
一级修饰
要点注释:句子主干中，介词短语with the tester作状语;现在分词短语demonstrating... ,that引导的宾语从
句作demonstrating的宾语。
:词汇注释：t*rick [tnk] v.欺骗;欺诈n.诡计;把戏 demonstrate * [ •demanstreit ] vt.说明；表达;证明
❷ In contrast, only five of the 30 children paired with the M unreliable" tester participated in a fbllow-up activity.相比
之下，与“不可靠的”测试员搭档过的30个孩子中，仅有5个参与了随后的活动。
一级修饰 In contrast,
]插入语
句子主干 only five of the 30 children.. .participated in a follow-up activity.（主+谓+宾）
[过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the 30 children
二级修饰
paired with the "unreliable" tester
in contrast相比之下 unreliable [ lAiin-laiobl] a.不可靠的
participate^[partisipeit] v.参与;参加 follow-up 后续的
A^^ecuon H Keaamg comprenensioi^^
Part A
Text 1
•…第一段...
O Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential
campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?在中产阶级面临的各种恼人挑战中，有一项很可能将
不会在下届总统竞选时被提及:当机器人来抢夺他们的工作时，会发生什么？
—级修饰 facing the middle class
现在分词短语作后置定语]修饰the annoying challenges
句子主干 但丝坚 业jaggg迦西哽ggg竺…is one （倒装句：表+系+主）
k
that引导的定语从句，修饰one]
that will probably go unmentioned
一级修饰 解释说明。展
What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
介词短语作状语
二级修饰 in the next presidential campaign:
154:词汇注释 I unmentioned [An-menjsnd] a.未提及的 presidential [ iprezrdenjl] a.总统的;与总统有关的
…第二段•…
❶ Don't dismiss that possibility entirely,不要完全摒除那种可能性。
—,、"■■一 “ »•
句子主干 D*t on dismiss that possibility entirely.（祈使句：谓+宾）
[词汇注释'、'd*ismiss [dis mis] m摒除;不予理会 entirely [m-taisli]物.完全地;全部地
❷ About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle
class disproportionately squeezed.牛津大学的一项研究表明,大约有一半的美国工作岗位面临着被自动化的高
风险,随之而来的是中产阶级受到尤其严重的挤压。
—级修饰 of being automated,
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰high risk
句子主干 About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk （主+系+表）
■ [插入语
according to a University of Oxford study,
一级修饰 with独立主格结构作句子主干的伴随状语
with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.
:可汇洼释:automate [Ftomeit] vt.使自动化 disproportionately [ idispra-poz/gnatli] ad.不成比例地
❸Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots.像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没
有吸引力。
一级修饰 like gardening or day care
]举例说明 Lower-income jobs
句子主干 Lower-income jobs...don't appeal （主+谓）
介词短语作状语,[表对象
to robots. 0
；诃无注释：gardening [.gaidnig] n.园艺学 a*ppeal [g pizl] vi.有吸引力;上诉;呼吁
❹ But many middle-class occupations—trucking, financial advice, software engineering—have aroused their interest, or
soon will.但许多中产阶级从事的工作——货车运输、理财咨询、软件工程一已经或即将引起它们的兴趣。
But many middle~class occupations.・・have aroused their interest,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 ■ | or连接的并列谓宾
or soon will （arouse their interest）.
插入语，举例说明many middle-class occupations
—级修饰 一rucking, financial advice, software engineering—
；词汇豆程f*inancial [fai naenjl] a.财务的;金融的 a*rouse [g rauz]小.引起（感情、态度）；唤醒
❺The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.富人拥有机器人,所以他们将不会受到影响。
（1） The rich own Uiejobots,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | S。连接的并列句，表因果
（2） so they will be fine.（主+系+表）
155••第三段"
❶This isn't to be alarmist.这并不是危言耸听。
句子主干 This isn't to be alarmist.（主+系+表）
词汇注释：alarmist [ a*la:mist] a.危言耸听的;骇人的
❷ Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.乐观主义者指出，技术剧变过去已
经使工人获益。
Optimists point out （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 | that引导的宾语从句，作point out的宾语
that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.
:词汇注释:optimist [ -optimist] n.乐观主义者 upheaval [*hAip ：vl] n.剧变;动荡;动乱
❸ The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually
raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.虽然工业革命对那些工作被机械化织布机所取代的
卢德分子（反技术进步者）不太友好，但它最终提高了（人们的）生活水平，而且它创造的工作比淘汰掉的要多。
—级修饰 whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,
whose引导的定语从句，修饰Luddites ]
⑴The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites （主+谓）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 （2）but it eventually raised living standards （主+谓+宾）
| and连接的并列谓宾
and created more jobs
| than引导的比较状语从句
_级修饰 than it destroyed.
3可汇注辱:mechanize [ mekanaiz] vt.使机械化 loom-r [lu：m] n.织布机vi.赫然耸现;逼近
❹ Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers
from hard, boring work.同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产力，通过压低价格来刺激需求，并将工人从繁重、乏味
的工作中解放出来。
—级修饰 Likewise,
I插入语
automation should eventually boost productivity,（主+谓+宾）
........................ ..............4-----------------*-
I
J并列谓宾
句子主干 （should） stimulate demand by driving down prices,
I and连接的并列谓宾
and （should） free workers from hard, boring work.
「商正匪程」b*oost [buist] W.提高;增加;推动 s*timulate [.stimjuleit]成刺激;使兴奋;促进
❺ But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.但是在中间阶段，中产阶级工人可
能需要很多帮助来进行调整。 “
—级修饰 in the medium term,
l介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 But..・middle-class workers may need alo£ofhelp adjusting.（主+谓+宾）
156[:a释"medium* * [ mirdiam] a.中间的；中等的；中号的 a*djust [3.d3Ast] v.（使）适应;调整;校准
•第四段
❶ The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking
education and job training.正如埃里克-布莱周约弗森和安德鲁-迈克菲在《第二次机器革命》中论述的那样，
第一步应该是重新思考教育和职业培训。
_级修饰 as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,
[ as引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
句子主干 The first step,...should be rethinking education and job training.（主+系+表）
f通云注律匚rethink [ .rii-eigk] v.重新考虑;反思 training* [ -treimi）] n.培训；训练
❷ Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity
and complex communication.课程-从文法学校到大学--- 应逐步发展，更少地关注事实记忆,更多地关注创
造力与复杂的沟通能力。
_级修饰 一from grammar school to college—
I插入语，补充说明Curriculums
• •set-, ,■ ~
句子主干 Cuiricuhims…should evolve （主+谓）
I动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
—级修饰 to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.
:再I汇注程'：curriculum* [ka nkjabm] n.（学校等的）全部课程 evolve* [i^olv] v.（使）逐渐发展;进化
❸ Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside
robots.职业学校应该更好地培养学生解决问题的能力，并帮助其与机器人协作。
句子主干 Vocational schools should do a better job （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰a better job]
of fostering problem-solving skills
一级修饰 | and连接并列的动名词短语
and helping students work alongside robots.
:要点注释\ of fostering...中,and连接并列的动名词短语fostering...和helping...作介词of的宾语。
「商无函闻]vocational [ v3u-keijanl] a.职业的;职业技术的 foster* [ .fDsta（r） ] vt.培养;促进;养育
problem-solving 解决问题;寻求答案 alongside* [企凹，said] prep.与....一起
❹Online education can supplement the traditional kind.在线教育可以对传统教育进行补充。
句子主干 Online education can supplement tfie^tradiy£nalAind.（主+谓+宾）
面无生程：supplement* [ sAphment] vt.补充;增补
❺It could make extra training and instruction affordable.它可以让人们负担得起额外培训和指导。
句子主干 It could make毕坦坊gjjjgg竺0jggjgi蛆四affordable.（主+谓+宾+宾补）
；词汇注释:extra* [ xkstra] a.额外的;附加的 affordable ["sdobl] a.担负得起的;付得起的
❻ Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.想要获取新技能的专业人士便
能在不负债的情况下得偿所愿。
157—级修饰 trying to acquire new skills
［现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Professionals
句子主干 Professionals...will be able to do so （主+谓）
［介词短语作句子主干的状语
—级修饰 without going into debt.
:诞汇注群」a*cquire ［9class mail,
三级修饰 动词不定式短语作后置定语，＞Wthe flexibility
to adjust its operations to the new reality.
!词汇注释： historic * [ hrstonk ] a.历史性的 technological [ （teknadodsikl] a.技术的;科技的
permanently [ 'psimangntli] ad.长期不变地 bread-and-butter [ ibred an *bAta（r） ] a.很重要的
regulatory [ Tegjahtari] a.监管的;管理的 flexibility [ ,fleksa-bibti] n.灵活性;柔韧性
第二段・・*
❶ And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS's
ultimate overseer—Congress—insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo
they depend on get protected.而且，从邮政工会到贺卡制造商的众多利益集团都在为一己之利对美国邮政署的
终极监督机构一美国国会——施加压力，他们坚称,不论美国邮政署还会发生什么变化，他们所依赖的现状
的方方面面都要得到保护。
一级修饰 ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers
：现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰interest groups
句子主干 And interest groups...exert 竺止蛆耍迎共史翌四 on the USPS's ultimate overseer
ultimate overseer的同位语 |
—>Congress—
一级修饰 现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语
insisting that...aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.
[whatever引导的让步状语从句
二级修饰 whatever else happens to the Postal Service,
1
要点注释 现在分词短语insisting that...中，that引导的宾语从句，作insisting的宾语。其中，省略关系词
(that)的定语从句they depend on,修饰aspects of the status quoo whatever引导的让步状语从句，作
宾语从句的让步状语。
；词汇注释: e*xert [igfZ3：t]勘£.施加;运用;努力 u*ltimate [ Altimgt] a.终极的，最终的;最重要的
Congress *[ -koggres] n.（美国）国会，议会 status quo现状;原来的状况
❷ This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay
its bills except by deferring vital modernization.这就是为什么近年来立法改革屡试屡败，导致美国邮政署无力支
付其账单，只能推迟至关重要的现代化。
171句子主干 This is why repeated attempts...have failed in recent years,（主+系+表从）
- ' — — ------------ -----— ― — — — — ——, —
|介词短语作后置定语，修饰repeated attempts
at reform legislation
现在分词短语作结果状语
—级修饰 leaving the Postal Service...except by deferring vital modernization.
|形容词短语作the Postal Service的补足语
unable to pay its bills
:词汇注释:attempt^ [ a tempt]几/vt.尝试;努力 l*egislation [ Jedsis leifn]几立法;法律，法规
d*efer [drf3：（r） ] vt.推迟;延缓 v*ital [ vaitl] a.至关重要的;生气勃勃的
…第三段•••
❶ Now comes word that everyone involved—Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's
heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system.现在有消息称，有关各方-民主党人、共和党人、美
国邮政署、各工会以及邮政系统的极重度用户们一最终就一项修复邮政系统的方案达成了一致意见。
句子主干 Now comes word （倒装句：谓+主）
J that引导的同位语从句，解释说明word
—级修饰 that everyone involved...has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system.
|插入语，补充说明everyone involved
二级修饰 —Democrats...the unions and the system's heaviest users—
[词汇注释:Democrat [•demakraet] n.（美国）民主党党员 R*epublican [n pAblikan] n.（美国）共和党党员
❷ Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $ 28.6 billion over five years, which could
help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures.法规正在众议院接受审议,该法规将在五年内为美国邮
政署节省约286亿美元，这笔资金可帮助负担新的运输工具以及其他使邮政署得以存活的措施。
句子主干 Legislation is moving through the House （主+谓）
J that引导的定语从句，修饰Legislation
_级修饰 that would save USPS an estimated $28. 6 billion over five years,
which引导的非限定性定语从句，[补充说明$28. 6 biUion
二级修饰 which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures.
;词汇注释:estimated [ •estimeitid] a.估计的 v*ehicle [ vi：akl] n.交通工具;车辆;手段
❸ Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into
Medicare.这笔资金的大部分可通过将每封信的固定资费上调1美分和将邮政退休人员纳入老年保健医疗制
度来获得。
Most of the money would come from 旺竺史g竺也性芒（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and （would come） from shifting postal retirees into Medicare.
「诃无注释；p*ermanent [ p3：manant] a.固定的;永久的“ s*hift [Jift] o./几.转移;转变
retiree [nitawri：]几退休人员 Medicare [ •medikeafr） ] n.医疗保障制度
❹ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a
long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions.后一项举措将在很大程度上抵消每年因预先支付退休人员医
保而产生的财政负担，从而化解美国邮政署及其工会长久以来的抱怨。
172句子主干 The latter step would largely offset专些也竺f蛆坝型竺（主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰the financial burden
of annually pre-funding retiree health care,
一级修饰 现在分词短语作句子主干的结果状语
thus addressing a long-standing complaint
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰a long-standing complaint
二级修饰 by the USPS and its unions.
[词无注卷]offset^ [ Dfset] vt.抵消;弥补;补偿 annually [ aenjuaU] ad.每年;一年一次
a*ddress [3>dres] vt.解决;演讲 n.地址 c*omplaint [ kam plemt] n.抱怨;投诉;不满
…第四段…
❶ If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate—where someone is bound to point out
that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform.
即使这项方案得到了众议院的批准，它还必须通过参议院的批准一参议院肯定会有人指出，这一方案仅仅是
让美国邮政署继续维持下去所必需的最低要求，而非全面的改革。
—级修饰 If it clears the House,
I IRI导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 this measure would still have to get through tihe Senate （主+谓+宾）
[补充说明the Senate
―where someone is bound to point out
一级修饰 that引导的宾语从句，作point out的宾语[
that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum...not comprehensive reform.
形容词短语作后置定语，[修饰minimum
二级修饰 necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat,
顷无注整"he Senate参议院 m* inimum [ .minimom] n.最低限度;最小量
afloat [ a.fi3Ut ] a,能维持下去的；漂浮的 comprehensive * [ ^omprrhensiv] a.全面的;彻底的
❷ There's no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80
percent of the agency's costs.美国邮政署内的集体谈判没有任何变化,考虑到人员成本占该机构总成本的80% ,
这是一个重大的疏漏。
句子主干 There's no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, （There be句型：There + is +主）
I补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 a major omission
[considering that引导的原因状语从句
二级修饰 considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency's costs.
:更成连释」considering that引导的原因状语从句中,that引导的宾语从句作considering的宾语。
:有无连幕i c*ollective [kakktiv] a.集体的;共有的n.集体企业 bargaining [，&呼叫]n.谈判，商谈
omission [3.mljn] n.遗漏;省略;删除 p*ersonnel [ ,p3.S3.nel] n.职员;人事部门
❸ Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery.此外，该方案并未对取消周六信件递送服务
这一问题进行任何讨论。
句子主干 Also missing is any discussion （倒装句：表+系+主）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰any discussion
of eliminating Saturday letter delivery.
173:词汇注释:eliminate * [ rlimineit ]仇.消除;消灭;淘汰 d*elivery [di-li van] n.递送;交付;分娩
❹ That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $ 2 billion per year.取消周六信件递
理竺二符合常理的变革得到广泛的公众支持，且每年能够为美国邮政署节省20亿美元。
That common-sense change eqjoys wide public support (主+谓+宾)
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and would save the USPS $2 billion per year.
❺ But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House.但邮政特殊利益集团似乎已经将其扼
杀，至少在众议院是这样。
句子主干 But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it,(主+谓+宾)
I补充说明句子主干
一级修饰 at least in the House.
❻ The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing
short-term collapse at the USPS.围绕此提案逐渐达成的共识表明，立法者越来越害怕美国邮政署短期的崩溃会
使他们在政治上陷入尴尬的境地。
句子主干 The emerging consensus around the bill is asign (主+系+表)
that引导的同位语从句j解释说明a sign
_级修饰 that legislators are getting frightened
介词短语作状语I
二级修饰 about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.
"商5C生释:emerging [i m3：d3i0] a.新兴的 c*onsensus [kan sensas]几共识;一致的意见
b*ill [bil] n,法案;账单;钞票 legislator [ •led3isleita(r) ] n.立法者;立法委员
embarrassing [ mi'baerasirj ] a.令人尴尬的 collapse * [ ks-laeps] n. /vi.崩溃;倒塌；昏倒
❼ It is not, however, a sign that they're getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.然而，
这并不表示他们要认真对待邮政系统向21世纪的转型了。
—级修饰 however,
___________ [插入语
句子主干 It is not,...a sign (主+系+表)
| that引导的同位语从句，解释说明a sign
_级修饰 that t*rheey getting serious
]介词短语作状语
二级修饰 about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
；而元生洛；transform * [ traens-foim] vt.使改变;使转化
Part B
.• . .第^_.
• r
❶ The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the
architectural heritage of the United States.艾森豪威尔行政办公楼(EEOB)在美国国家历史和建筑遗产中均占
据独特地位。
句子主干 The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position
介词短语作句子主干的状语]
—级修饰 in both the national history and the architectural heritage
介词短语作后置定语 J修饰the national history and the architectural heritage
二级修饰 of the United States.
174!词汇注释:e*xecutive [ig zekjativ] a.行政的 n.经理 c*ommand [ks mamd] vt.博得;值得;应得
architectural [ ^zkrtektjaral] a.建筑方面的 h*eritage [ hentids] n.遗产
❷ Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the
growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second
Empire architecture in the country.它由美国财政部的监理建筑师阿尔弗雷德•布尔特•马利特设计，建于1871
年至1888年间，目的是容纳美国国务院、战争部和海军部不断增加的工作人员，被认为是美国最具法兰西第二
帝国建筑风格的最佳典范之一。
一级修饰 Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett,
[过去分词短语作句子主干的状语
it was built (主+谓)
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓语
and is considered one of the best examples
介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
---
f*okm 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs
一级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰the best examples
Of French Second Empire architecture in the country.
介词短语作后置定语, 修饰the growing staffs
二级修饰 of the State, War, and Navy Departments,
:词汇注释:s*upervise [ -suzpavaiz] v.监督;管理;指导 Treasury [ ire33ri] n.财政部
h*ouse [ hauz] vt.容纳；给... 提供场地 c*onsider [ kan^ida(r) ] vt.认为 v.仔细考虑
…第二段…
O The State, War, and Navy Buildingf as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most
intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth
century and the first quarter of the twentieth century—the period when the United States emerged as an international
power,正如最初被大家所知的名字那样，国务院、战争部和海军部综合大楼容纳了这三个在19世纪后25年和
20世纪前25年间与美国外交政策的制定和贯彻执行有着最紧密联系的行政部门，在这一时期，美国一跃成为
世界强国。
一级修饰 as it was originally known,
插入语I
▼
句子主干 The Stated War, and Navy Building, ...housed ^tf)r^&»cutiveBrai^iD^rtmaite
形容词短语作后置定语，HHftthe three Executive Branch Departments |
—级修饰 most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy
j介词短语作时间状语
in the last quarter of the nineteenth century
二级修饰 and连接并列的名词短语|
and the first quarter of the twentieth century
___________ 补充说明|
三级修饰 —the period
T when引导的定语从句，修饰the period
四级修饰 when the United States emerged as an international power.
[通汇连释：originally [9.nd33n3U] ad.最初;原来 associated [3.SauJieitid] a.有联系的;相关的
f*ormulate [心mjuleit] m 制定;规划;构想 e*merge [ rm3：d3 ]航.显现;出现;露出
175❷ The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of
many historic events.这座大楼是美国一些最重要的外交家和政治家的办公场所，还是很多历史事件的发生地。
The building has housed
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓语
and has been the scene of many historic events.
:要点注释:and连接的并列谓语中,系动词has been和表语the scene可看作复合谓语。
'、词汇注释:s*ignificant [sig nifikant] a.重要的;显著的 diplomat [ diplamaet]几外交官;善于交际的人
politician ☆ [ .pob tifn] n.政治家;政客 s*cene [si：n] n.地点，现场;情景
第三段…
❶ The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.在其地基建立之前,EEOB 就已经有了一 定的
历史。
句子主干 The history of the EEOB began （主+谓）
___________ | before弓I导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
—级修饰 long before its foundations were laid.
[迥汇注将 foundation1 [faun-deijn]几•地基;基础;根据 lay1 [lei] ".奠基;打基础
❷ The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820.它的第一批行政办公室建于 1799 年至 1820 年间 °
句子主干 The first executive offices were constructed （主+谓）
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
—级修饰 between 1799 and 1820.
顶无注程；c*onstruct [kmstmkt]仇.建造;创建;绘制
❸ A series of fires （including those set by the British in 1814） and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the
existing Treasury Building,由于发生了一系列火灾（包括1814年英国的多起纵火案），且办公条件太过拥挤，这
才建立了如今的财政部大楼。
—级修饰 （including those set by the British in 1814）
| 补充说明 A series of fires
句子主干 A series of fires…and overcrowded conditions led to Qjg （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the construction [
—级修饰 of the existing Treasury Building.
「商W注卷:overcrowded [同gkraudid] a.过于拥挤的 函sting gzisti时a.现存的;现行的
O In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department
building. 1866年，财政部大楼北翼的建造使得国务院大楼被迫拆除。
句子主干 [n 1866, the construction...necessitatedflwdem<^ition （主+谓+宾）
|介词短语作后置定语，修饰the construction
of the North Wing of the Treasury Building “
—级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰the demolition
of die State Department building.
「商W淫席；necessitate^ [n3,sesiteit] vt.使成为必要;需要 demolition [（dem3-lijn] n.拆除;毁坏;驳倒
176•第四段•
O In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new
State Department Building. 1869年12月，美国国会委派一委员会负责新国务院大楼的选址、筹划和成本估算
工作。
二级修饰 In Decenler ofl 869,
I介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 Congress appointed acommissiwi to select a site-estimates （主+谓+宾+宾补）
f介词短语作状语，表对象
—级修饰 for a new State Department Building.
[词汇连暮:appoint^ [a pomt] vt.委派;约定 c*ommission [ka mijn] n.委员会;佣金
❷ The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.此外，该委员会还要考
虑战争部和海军部的妥善安置问题。
句子主干 The commission was also to consider些竺,妙g竺理gggg些巫g （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语J修饰possible arrangements
—级修饰 for the War and Navy Departments.
❸ To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on 出e other side of
the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of
a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871. 一些人原本以为会在白宫的另一侧建造一栋和财
政部大楼一样具有希腊复兴式风格的大楼，然而结果使这些人大为震惊。最终该委员会选定了阿尔弗雷德-马
利特精心构思的法兰西第二帝国风格的设计。1871年6月，这一用于同时容纳三个部门的大楼开始施工。
三级修饰 on the other side of the White House,
介词短语作地点状语!
二级修饰 who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected
[who引导的定语从句，修饰some
To the horror of some
一级修饰 介词短语作状语
by Alfred Mullett
]介词短语作后置定语，修饰the elaborate...design
（1） the elaborate French Second Empire style design...was selected,（主+谓）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and construction of a building...began in June of 1871.（主+谓）
动词不定式短语作后置定语，[修饰a building
—级修饰 to house all three departments
iiMiCSES : h*orror [.hDr3（r）] n.震惊;恐惧;厌恶 revival [n-vaivl] n.复兴;振兴;进步
e*rect [rrekt] vt.建造;竖立;创立 e*laborate [rtebarst] a.精心制作的;复杂的
••第五段…
❶ Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.这栋大楼的施工逐翼开展，缓步推进，历时
17年。
177句子主干 Construction took lJ7_yg呼（主+谓+宾）
| as引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
一级修饰 as the building slowly rose wing by wing.
■ When the EEOB was Hnished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white
tiled corridors. EEOB完工之时，即成为华盛顿最大的办公楼,有一条长度近2英里的走廊，由黑白瓷砖铺设
而成。
一级修饰 When the EEOB was finished,
When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 it was 地£pjjjjjjgg in Washington,（主+系+表）
[补充说明the largest office building
_级修饰 with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors.
:词汇注释: tile会[tail] vt.铺地砖 c*orridor [ .kond3：（r） ] n.走廊,过道；通道
❸ Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster ； the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. 几乎所
有的内饰细节都采用的是铸铁或石膏,并尽量减少使用木材，以确保消防安全。
（1） Almost all of the interior detail is ofcastnpn^ir^laster;（主+系+表）
句子主干 |并列句
（2） the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.（主+谓）
:商史您幕:i*nterior [ i*tniari 3（r） ] a.内部的 n,内部 i*ron [ ai9n] n.铁;熨斗 v.熨
p*laster [ -pla：st3（r） ] n.熟石膏;灰泥 m* inimize [ -mmimaiz] vt.使减少到最低限度
❹ Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four
skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas. 8座宏伟的花岗岩弧形楼梯配有4000多根独立铸造的青铜栏杆
柱，其顶部是4个天窗穹顶和2个彩色玻璃制成的圆形大厅。
一级修饰 of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰staircases
句子主干 Eight monumental curving staircases…are capped （主+谓）
一级修饰 by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundi
-命E函亩 i monumental [ imDnju-mentl] a.宏伟的;重要的 granite [.granrt] n.花岗岩
individually [ ^ndrv^usli] 单独地;分别地 baluster [ .babst3（r） ] n.栏杆柱
s*p [kxp] vt.覆盖 d*ome [damn] n.穹顶;圆屋顶
stained [stemd] a.染色的;沾有污渍的 rotunda [rau-tAnda] n.圆形大厅
—'第六段…
❶ Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the fifst to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library
（completed in 1876）, Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental
mgs, and stenciled wall patterns.于1875年完工的国务院大楼南翼最先投入使用，包括雅致的四层图书馆（1876
年建成）、外交接待室以及饰有木雕、东方地毯和镂印墙纹的国务卿办公室。
178一级修饰 Completed in 1875,
I过去分词短语作时间状语
句子主干 the State Department's south wing was 虫g to be occupied,（主+系+表）
J with独立主格结构作句子主干的伴随状语
一级修饰 with its elegant four-story library...Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office
补充说明 four・story library
（completed in 1876）,
-■ 渔书#
二级修饰 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Secretary's office
decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns.
:词汇注释:o*ccupy [ pkjupai] vt.使用，占用；占领 e*legant [ ’eligont] a.雅致的;精美的
d*iplomatic [ ^ipb-maetik] a.外交的 r*eception [n sepjn]几.接待处;招待会
s*ecretary [ .sekratri] n.部长;秘书;大臣 o*riental [,o：ri end] o.东方的;东方人的
m*[rAgg] 几.小地毯;垫子 stendl [-stensl] vt.用模板印（文字或图案）
❷ The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry
floors decorated the office of the Secretary. 1879年海军部搬入大楼东翼，海军部长办公室的墙面及夭花板饰有精
美的雕模印花，地板采用镶嵌工艺。
句子主干 The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879,（主+谓）
where引导的非限定性定语从句J补充说明the east wing
一级修饰 where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the office]
二级修饰 of the Secretary.
:： c*eiling [,siziID]几天花板;上限 marquetry [.maikitri] n.（家具等的）镶嵌细工
• • • • • • •
O Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the
EEOBP granite walls.很多美国最著名的人物都参与过发生在EEOB花岗岩墙内的历史事件。
句子主干 Many of the most celebrated naticMial figures have participated in （主+谓+^）
that引导的定语从句，修饰historical events |
—级修饰 that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls.
!通无注样」celebrated [ .selibreitid] a.著名的;闻名的 H*gure [ .fIg9（r）]几.人物;数字;身材
participate in参与;参加 take place发生，进行
❷ Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford,
and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president.在成为总统之前，西奥多•罗斯
福、富兰克林-德拉诺-罗斯福、威廉-霍华德-塔夫脱、德怀特-戴维-艾森豪威尔、林登-贝恩斯-约翰
逊、杰拉尔德-福特和乔治-赫伯特-沃克-布什都曾在这栋楼里办公。
句子主干 Theodore...and George H.W. Bush all had offices （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作句子主干的地点状语]
」「「"I. in this building
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
before becoming president.
179❸ It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State.此外,这栋楼还曾是 16
位海军部长、21位战争部长和24位国务卿的办公场所。
It has housed 坦坦WggMjhgJjg% （主+谓+宾）
|并列的名词短语
句子主干 21 Secretaries of War,
| and连接并列的名词短语
and 24 Secretaries of State.
❹ Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after
the bombing of Pearl Harbor.温斯顿-丘吉尔曾走过这条走廊，珍珠港遭到轰炸后，日本特使与美国国务卿科德
尔-赫尔在这里进行了会面。
（1）Winston Churchill once walked 迤 gggjjgg （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
⑵ and Japanese emissaries met here with...Cord^lIhill （主+谓+宾）
T Cordell Hull的同位语
Secretary of State
一级修饰 介词短语作（2）句的时间状语
after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
；商汇生释:emissary [ .emisari] n.特使;密使 b*ombing [ bomig] n.轰炸;炸弹袭击
Part C
O Shakespeare's lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. 莎士 比亚
的一生适逢戏剧艺术异常活跃且成就辉煌的时期。
句子主干 Shakespeare's lifetime was coincident with a period （主+系+表）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰a period]
—级修饰 of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.
生* 籍 coincident [kau msidant] a.同时发生的 e*xtraordinary [ik stro：dnri] a.非凡的;卓越的
❷ By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under
the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.他出生时，欧洲的宗教戏剧正在消亡，同时在古典悲剧和喜剧的推
动下，新戏剧形式应运而生。
—级修饰 By the date of his birth
I介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
Europe was witnessing （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列宾语
and the creation of new forms
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰the creation of new forms
—级修饰 under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.
[曲:洼幕；i*ncentive [m-sentiv] n.激励（文中引申为“推动”） c*lassical [.虹宓虹a.古典的;经典的
t*ragedy [ .traEd33di] n.悲剧；不幸;灾难 c*omedy [ .komadi] n.喜剧；滑稽;幽默
180❸ These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere
else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether
it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.这些新式戏剧起初主要由学者创作，业余爱好
者表演，但在英格兰，如同在西欧其他国家一样,职业演员阶层的不断发展预示着戏剧将流行起来,不管是新式
戏剧还是旧式戏剧、古典戏剧还是中世纪戏剧、文学剧还是滑稽剧。
and (were) performed by amateurs,
| and连接的并列谓语
句子主干 (1) These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars (主+谓)
I but连接的并列句，表转折
(2) but in England,...the growth.・・was threatening 四些 gggjy,(主+谓+宾)
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰the growth
of a class of professional actors
补充说明England
一级修饰 as everywhere else in western Europe,
whether引导的让步状语从句，作(2)句的让步状语
whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.
:词汇注释1 a*mateur [侄mm(r) ] n,业余爱好者a.业余的 professional * [ pra'fejanl ] a.职业的;专业的
d*rama [ drazma] n.戏剧;戏剧文学;激动 m* edieval [ i*imedi ：vl] a.中世纪的
l*iterary [ litarsri] a.文学的;爱好文学的 farcical [-fassikl] a.滑稽的，荒唐的
❹ Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for
dramatic entertainment ； and no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of
literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.宫廷、学校、业余爱好者组织
以及巡演演员都在竞相满足大众对戏剧娱乐的广泛需求;而且，每位在文法学校就读的少年不会不知道戏剧这
种文学形式曾为希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也可能会为英格兰带来荣耀。
一级修饰 in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment;
介词短语作后置定语，修饰rivals |
(1) Court, school, organizations of amateurs,...actors were all 主世(主+系+表)
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
(2) and no boy...could be ignorant 虫匹些 虫ggig 史竺£ 丝(主+谓+宾从)
[ who引导的定语从句，修饰boy
who went to a grammar school
which引导的定语从句，修饰a form of literature
—级修饰 which gave glory to Greece and Rome
| and连接的并列谓宾
and might yet bring honor to England.
:要点注释:系表结构could be ignorant可看作复合谓语,that引导的宾语从句作其宾语。
:词汇泣翳]c*ourt [ko：t] n.宫廷;法院;球场 r*ival [ -raivl] n.竞争者，对手
dramatic * [ d*mraaetik ] a.戏剧的;巨大的 e*ntertainment [ lenta-temmant] n.娱乐；款待
i*gnorant [，igngnt ] a.不了 解的;无知的 l*iterature [ -litrstjafr) ] n.文学;文学作品
181•…第二段…
❶ When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London.莎士比亚 12 岁时，伦敦建造
了首家公共剧院。
一级修饰 When Shakespeare was twelve years old
| When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 the first public playhouse was built in London.（主+谓）
:词汇洼释；playhouse [ -pleihaus] n.剧院
❷ For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage.文学曾一度对这样的公共舞台毫无兴趣。
句子主干 For a time literature showed 四 里 in this public stage.（主+谓+宾）
❸ Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul's and the royal
chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.旨在突出文学性的戏剧为学校或宫廷而写，或为圣
保罗大教堂和皇家教堂的唱诗班男童而写,不过这些唱诗班男童不仅在宫廷表演而且也在公众场合表演。
—级修饰 aiming at literary distinction
|现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Plays
句子主干 Plays...were written （主+谓）
[。施接并列的介词短语作状语，表对象
—级修饰 for schools or court, or for the choir boys
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the choir boys [
of St. PauFs and the royal chapel,
二级修饰 who引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明the choir boys
who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.
顶汇洼释一；d*istinctioii [drstigkfn]几特质;差别 choir [ kwaiafr）]几唱诗班;合唱团
❹ But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were
quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.然而，专业剧团在它们固定的剧院中蓬勃发展，大
学里拥有文学抱负的人士迅速投奔这些剧院,将其视为一种谋生的手段。
—级修饰 in their permanent theaters,
介词短语作（1）句的地点状语I
（1） But the professional companies prospered （主+谓）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and university men with literary ambitions were quick （主+系+表）
动词不定式短语作状语[
to turn to these theaters
一级修饰 介词短语作these theaters的补足语j
as offering a means of livelihood.
:词汇注释:prosper皿'PmspMr）]航•繁荣;兴旺;成功 “p*ermanent [，P3：m0n°nt] a.固定的;永久的
a*mbition [aem bijn] n.抱负;志向；野心 livelihood [ 'laivlihud] n.赚钱谋生的手段;生计
❺ By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular
and literary； Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph
182on the common stage—where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.莎士比亚 25 岁时，李利、皮尔和格
林已经创作出一度流行并带有文学性的喜剧;基德已经写出了一部让剧院座无虚席的悲剧;马洛让诗意和天赋
在公众舞台上大获成功一这在欧里庇得斯去世以后从未发生过。
-«r
