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英语专项练习（七）
Part I Reading Comprehension
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer
the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark
Y （for YES） if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N （for NO） if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG （for NOT GIVEN） if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
What Will We Do For Work
I believe that 90% of white-collar jobs in the U.S. will be either destroyed or altered
beyond recognition in the next 10 to 15 years. That's a catastrophic prediction, given that
90% of us are engaged in white-collar work of one sort or another. Even most manufacturing
jobs these days are connected to such white-collar services as finance, human resources
and engineering.
I talked to an old London loader some time back. He allowed that in 1970 it took
108 guys about five days to unload a timber ship. Then came containerization. The
comparable task today takes eight folks one day. That is, a 98.5% reduction in man-
days, from 540 total to just eight.
This time the productivity aims to reconstruct——make that deconstruct——the
white-collar world. In fact, I see a five-sided movement that will bring to my apparently
fantastic “90% in 10 years” prediction.
FIRST The destructive nature of the current flavor of competition, dotcom
company.
Sure, most will fail. But the survivors will exert enormous pressure — fast! — on
the Big Guys. When an Amazon or a Charles Schwab moves into your neighborhood,
you've got moments to react. Or take king entrepreneur Jim Clark of Netscape fame.
His latest venture, Healtheon/WebMD, intends to squeeze hundreds of billions of dollars of
waste out of the health-care system. These new firms aim to create nothing less than havoc
in the theaters in which they operate.
SECOND Enterprise software.
It's a name for the tools that will hook up every aspect of a business's innards
internal organs ——personnel, production, sales, accounting——and then hook up all
that hooked-up stuff to the rest of the “family” of suppliers and the suppliers'
suppliers and wholesalers and retailers and end users.
They are your nightmare, these “white-collar robots.” The complex products
from German software giant SAP will do to your company's internal organs exactly
what robots and containerization did to the blue-collar world in 1960. Installing thesetools is not easy. The technical part is distressing; the politics are dreadful. When the blue-
collar robots arrived, the unions revolted against it. This time it's management official who
are opposing technological change. Why? These tools threaten their comfortable status,
carefully crafted over several generations.
But the robots did come. And they triumphed.
THIRD Outsourcing
M.I.T.'s No. 1 computer professor, Michael Dertouzos, said India could easily boost
its GDP by a trillion dollars in the next few years performing secret white-collar tasks
for Western companies. He guessed that 50 million jobs from the white-collar West
could go south to India, whose population hit 1 billion last week. The average annual salary
for each of those 50 million new Indian workers: $20,000.
FOURTH The Web.
Ford, GM and DaimlerChrysler announce a rare combination. They will link all
their tens of thousands of suppliers into a single, Internet-based network. This entity
will include $250 billion annually of suppliers' products （and perhaps an additional
$500 billion of those suppliers' suppliers' products）. In short, every penny of waste
will be compressed from the huge procurement system. The order cycle will speed up
dramatically. Medibuy aims for the same hat trick in medical supplies, DigitalThink in
training, CarStation in the auto-body-shop world. This is the white-hot world of B2B
（business to business） electronic commerce, which will soon encompass trillions of
dollars in transactions.
FIFTH Time compression.
It took 37 years for the radio to get to 50 million homes. The Web got there in
four. Hence my belief that while it took about a century to revolutionize blue-collar job
practices, this brave new white-collar social system will be mostly installed in a tenth
of that time——10 years.
Each of these five forces is fact, not image. Each influences the others
multiplicatively. Therefore I am unwilling to withdraw my predictions about the power of
the white-collar storm bearing down on us. Upsetting madness is in process. These
forces are liberating. Blue-collar robots work out of factory and warehouse. The same
will happen to white-collar work. My dad did it for 41 years at the Baltimore Gas &
Electric Co. He was, sad to say, a white-collar indentured servant（契约佣工）.
The world is going through more fundamental change than it has in hundreds,
perhaps thousands of years. The head economist Sandia National Laboratories, Arnold
Baker, said it's the“ biggest change since the cavemen began bartering.” Do you
want to be player, a full-scale participant who embraces change? Here is the opportunity to
participate in the lovely, messy playground called “Let's reinvent the world.”
Here's a new role model I call Icon Woman:
She is turned on by her work!
The work is cool!She is an adventurer!
She is the CEO of her life!
My Icon Woman, of course, embraces and exploits the Web.
She submits her resume on the Web and keeps it perpetually active there.
She is recruited and negotiates and is hired on the Web.
She is trained on the Web.
She creates and conducts brilliant projects on the Web via a far-flung“ virtual”
stable of teammates （most of whom she's never met）.
She manages her career on the Web. And she has a personal website!
In approximately 2010, she will be at home, working——for the next several
months——for Ford on a cruel difficult engineering problem. Her 79-member project
team, only one of whom she's met face-to-face （she considers face-to-face as a
quaint idea）, comes from 14 nations. Her fully wired home is her castle.
You maybe disprove. Is this“ be wild and crazy and Webby and CEO of your
own life” picture—anything other than New Age/new economy?
I think it is relevant and real rather than wild and crazy——on at least two
important scores.
One is that though my “house” is in Vermont, I've hung my professional license
in Palo Alto since 1981. All is breaking loose “out there/here.” These folks may sound
weird, but they may also be redefining the world.
Two is back to the future! I constantly remind my middle-aged seminar participants
that the quintessential Americans are changing……Who are? Ben Franklin （the father
of self-help literature）. Ralph Waldo Emerson （self-reliance was his trait）. Walt
Whitman, motivational leader Tony Robbins, and Bentonville, Arkansas' Sam Walton……
and Bill Gates.
Two is back to the future! I constantly remind my middle-aged seminar participants
that the quintessential Americans are changing……Who are? Ben Franklin （the father
of self-help literature）. Ralph Waldo Emerson （self-reliance was his trait）. Walt
Whitman, motivational leader Tony Robbins, and Bentonville, Arkansas' Sam Walton…… and
Bill Gates.
WHAT IF?
Maybe the wild new-economy America is the old America. Truer to ourselves. We
came here to break free, to make our records in our awkward ways.
Like Grandpa, I am facing extinction, only by this new set of powerful forces. I
make most of my living giving live seminars and training programs and as a
management consultant. It's all gravitating to the Web——gravitating. It's moving at thespeed of light. I am scrambling to reinvent myself, to not just “cope” but to exploit the new
communication and connection media.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。
1. In U.S., the 90% of the jobs are white-collar jobs as finance, human resource
and engineering.
2. Containerization makes a 98.5% reduction in man-days on unloading the ship.
3. Amazon wants to develop the Health eon/web MD to save hundreds of billions
of dollars.
4. The management official won't welcome the blue-collar robots that the unions
revolt against.
5. The professor Michael Dertouzos guessed that India could increase GDP by a
trillion dollars in the flowing few years by way of_____________.
6. The combination of Ford, GM and DaimlerChrysler aims to compress waste
from _____________.
7. According to the author, it will take about __________ to reconstruct new
white-collar world.
8. The head economist Arnold Baker believed that the world is going through the
most fundamental change since __________.
9. The new role model Icon Woman deals with everything about work on
_____________.
10. The author is changing himself to take full advantage of _________________.
Part II Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete
statements.
Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the
statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet
2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
China is in the midst of one of the most remarkable expansions of higher
education ever attempted. And although Yun Ying, a professor of physics education at
Southeast University in Nanjing, may be only a bit player, she's passionate about
reforming science education.Yun is leading her own minirevolution. Her introductory physics course addresses
a national priority, namely, to foster economic growth by producing not just more, but
more creative, scientists and engineers.
Those two principles underlie her “Bilingual Physics With Multimedia” text and
CD-ROM, a freshman course she has been developing since the mid-1980s that has
been adopted by 10 Chinese universities. The course not only teaches the English
that students need to discuss physics but also requires students to research physics topics
and present their findings to the class. That's a dramatic change from the memorization
demanded in typical introductory science courses.
Yun's course deviates from the traditional approach in Chinese schools, in which
those who can memorize get better scores on tests than those who learn the text
creatively. The textbook contains standard freshman-level lessons in momentum and
energy, harmonic motion, and wave-particle duality. All explanations are given in depth
in English with Chinese translations of key passages. The CD-ROM includes video
clips illustrating various principles.
Even more unusual is the requirement that students select a topic, research it on
their own or in a small group, and then present their findings in a class seminar——all
in English. Other students can ask questions, make comments, or challenge the
conclusions—— unprecedented conduct for Chinese undergraduates.
Despite the use of English, Yun hasn't watered down the content. Some of that
may be due to Southeast's ranking as one of the country's top 10 comprehensive
universities, with a particular strength in engineering.
Yun is pleased with the positive reaction to her course. Two years ago, she
offered a teacher-training course for schools considering adoption of the text and CD-
ROM, and now she's working on a teaching and learning guidebook. The increasing
number of faculty members who were trained in the United States or Europe has
sparked interest in reforming teaching at Chinese universities. A one semester course
taken primarily by engineering students may have a limited impact on Chinese
education. But for those calling for an educational revolution in China, it's a good place
to start.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。
1147. A professor of Southeast University, Yun Ying is eager to ____________.
1248. What is demanded in typical introductory science courses?
1349. In Chinese the traditional approach, who get better scores on tests?
1450. Yun hasn't reduced the content partly because of _________________.
1551. Because of positive action to her course, now Yun is engaged in
_______________.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Geothermal energy is natural heat from the interior of the Earth that is converted
to heat buildings and generate electricity. The idea of harnessing Earth's internal heat
is not new. As early as 1904, geothermal power was used in Italy. Today, Earth's
natural internal heat is being used to generate electricity in 21 countries, including
Russia, Japan, New Zealand, Iceland, Mexico, Ethiopia, Guatemala, El Salvador, the
Philippines, and the United States. Total worldwide production is approaching 9,000
MW （equivalent to nine large modern coalburning or nuclear power plants）-double
the amount in 1980. Some 40 million people today receive their electricity from
geothermal energy at a cost competitive with that of other energy sources. In El
Salvador, geothermal energy is supplying 30% of the total electric energy used.
However, at the global level, geothermal energy supplies less than 0.15% of the total
energy supply.
Geothermal energy may be considered a nonrenewable energy source when rates
of extraction are greater than rates of natural replenishment. However, geothermal
energy has its origin in the natural heat production within Earth, and only a small
fraction of the vast total resource base is being utilized today. Although most
geothermal energy production involves the tapping of high heat sources, people are
also using the low-temperature geothermal energy of groundwater in some applications.
The average heat flow from the interior of the Earth is very low, about 0.06
W/m2. This amount is trivial compared with the 177 W/m2 from solar heat at the
surface in the United States. However, in some areas, heat flow is sufficiently high to
be useful for producing energy. For the most part, areas of high heat flow are
associated with plate tectonic boundaries. Oceanic ridge systems （divergent plate
boundaries） and areas where mountains are being uplifted and volcanic island arcs
are forming （convergent plate boundaries） are areas where this natural heat flow is
anomalously high.
The environmental impact of geothermal energy may not be as extensive as that
of other sources of energy, but it can be considerable. When geothermal energy is
developed at a particular site, environmental problems include on-site noise, emissions
of gas, and disturbance of the land at drilling sites, disposal sites, roads and pipelines,
and power plants. Development of geothermal energy does not require large-scale
transportation of raw materials or refining of chemicals, as development of fossil fuels
does. Furthermore, geothermal energy does not produce the atmospheric pollutants
associated with burning fossil fuels or the radioactive waste associated with nuclear
energy. However, geothermal development often does produce considerable thermal
pollution from hot waste-waters, which may be saline or highly corrosive, producing
disposal and treatment problems.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。
16. In paragraph 1, the author introduces the concept of geothermal energy by
A） explaining the history of this energy source worldwide
B） arguing that this energy source has been tried unsuccessfullyC） comparing the production with that of other energy sources
D） describing the alternatives for generating electric power
17. What is true about geothermal energy production worldwide?
A） Because it is a new idea, very few countries are developing geothermal
energy sources
B） Only countries in the Southern Hemisphere are using geothermal energy
on a large scale
C） Until the cost of geothermal energy becomes competitive, it will not be
used globally
D） Geothermal energy is already being used in a number of nations, but it
is not ye a major source of power
18. In paragraph 2, the author states that geothermal energy is considered a
nonrenewable resource because
A） the production of geothermal energy is a natural process
B） geothermal energy comes from the Earth
C） we are not using very much geothermal energy now
D） we could use more geothermal energy than is naturally replaced
19. what is the meaning of "Although most geothermal energy production involves
the tapping of high heat sources, people are also using the low-temperature
geothermal energy of groundwater in some applications" ?（line4, paragraph
2）
A） High heat is the source of most of the geothermal energy but low heat
groundwater is also used sometimes
B ） Even though low temperatures are possible, high heat is the best
resource for energy production for groundwater.
C） Both high heat and low heat sources are used for the production of
geothermal energy from groundwater
D） Most high heat sources for geothermal energy are tapped from
applications that involve low heat in groundwater
20. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the atmospheric pollution and waste
products for fossil fuel and nuclear power
A）to introduce the discussion of pollution caused by geothermal energy
development and production
B）to contrast pollution caused by fossil fuels and nuclear power with pollution
caused by geothermal energy
C）to argue that geothermal production does not cause pollution like other
sources of energy do
D） to discourage the use of raw materials and chemicals in the production
of energy because of pollution
Passage Two
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family
into which you are born. Each year, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of
the“ Forbes 400” — the four hundred wealthiest families and individuals in the
country.Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, more than half is inherited.
Those on the list who could be called “self-made” were not typically of modest
origins; most inherited significant assets （Forbes, 1997; Sklar and Collins, 1997）.
Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche.
Although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into
“old rich” circles.
The upper middle class includes those with high incomes and high social prestige.
They tend to be well-educated professionals or business executives. Their earnings can
be quite high indeed—successful business executives can earn millions of dollars a
year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people fall into this group because of
the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle class.
Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as“ middle class” because their
lifestyle sets the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is simply beyond the
means of a majority of people in the United States.
The middle class is hard to define; in part, being “middle class” is more than
just economic position. By far the majority of Americans identify themselves as middle
class even though they vary widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But
the idea that the United States is an open-class system leads many to think that the
majority have a middle-class lifestyle because, in general, people tend not to want to
recognize class distinctions in the United States. Thus, the middle class becomes the
ubiquitous norm even though many who call themselves middle class have a tenuous
hold on this class position.
The lower class is composed primarily of the displaced and poor. People in this
class have little formal education and are often unemployed or working in minimum-
wage jobs. Forty percent of the poor work; 10 percent work year-round and full time
— a proportion that has generally increased over time. Recently, the concept of the
underclass has been added to the lower class. The underclass includes those who
have been left behind by contemporary economic developments. Rejected from the
economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance
or illegal activities.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。
21. Why does the author mention the “Forbes 400” in paragraph 1?
A） To explain the meaning of the listing that appears every year
B） To cast doubt on the claim that family income predicts individual wealth
C） To give examples of successful people who have modest family connections
D） To support the statement that most wealthy people inherit their money
22. The author states that business and professional people with educational
advantages are most often members of the
A） lower middle class
B） upper middle class
C） nouveau riche
D） upper class
23. why do most people identify themselves as middle class in the United States?
A） They have about the same lifestyle as everyone else in the countryB） They don't really know how to define their status because it is unclear
C） They prefer not to admit that there are class distinctions in the United States
D） They identify themselves with the majority who have normal lifestyles
24. What can be inferred about poor people in the United States?
A） They are not able to find entry-level jobs
B） They work in jobs that require little education
C） They are service workers and manual laborers
D） They do not try to find employment
25. why has the underclass emerged?
A） The new term was necessary because the lower class enjoyed a higher
lifestyle than it had previously
B） The increase in crime has supported a new class of people who live by
engaging in illegal activities
C） Changes in the economy have caused an entire class of people to survive by
welfare or crime
D） Minimum-wage jobs no longer support a class of people at a standard level
in the economic system.
Part III Error Correction
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are
altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word,
add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the
blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write correct word in the
corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark（∧） in the right place
and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a
slash （/） in the blank.
Example
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods
1.time/times/periods
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2.
_____/_______
As a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television.
3.____the__________
A black hole is an astronomical body whose gravity is so strong that nothing can
escape from it. It was Newton who first stated that light is composed of particles. The
French mathematician Laplace next reasoned that if enough mass was added to a
star like
26.__________
the sun, the gravitational force of the star would eventually prevent light particles to
27.__________
leaving it; it would therefore“blink out”and become an invisibly black star.
28.__________
More than a century later, Einstein developed the theory of relativity,which he argued that Nothing could move faster than light. This means
29.__________
that black stars must also be black holes too because, if light cannot
escape,30.__________
all other matter will be trapped as well. The surface of a black hole thus acts like
31.__________
a one-way membrane: material may fall into a black hole, but no matter,
information and energy can come out. 32.__________
Black holes may be observable during their formation or while they are near
to other matter. A star may go gravitational collapse at the end of its evolution,
33.__________
depending primary on its mass. If the star is not spherical-perhaps because of it is
rotating
34. __________
and flattened at the poles — then detectable gravitataional waves can be given off
just
35. __________
before the black hole is formed.
Part VI Translation
Direction: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in
bracket.
Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答,只需写出译文部分
36. They strongly suggested that __________________________（政府干涉房价的
上扬）
37. He was never a hero, nor ___________________（他也从没想过成为一个英
雄）
38. ______________________________（她本可以在月底前完成工作），but the
situation suddenly changed.
39. He voted for his best friend ____________________（不顾校长的反对）
40. _________________________________（按那个按钮是没有用的），unless we
plug in the radio first.参考答案
Part I Reading Comprehension
1. NG 2. Y 3. N 4. N
5. performing secret white-collar tasks （ for Western companies）
6. the huge procurement system
7. 10 years
8. the cavemen began bartering.
9. the web
10. the new communication and connection media
Part II Reading Comprehension
11. reform science education
12. Memorization.
13. Those who can memorize.
14. Southeast's ranking as one of the country's top 10 comprehensive universities
（with a particular strength in engineering）
15. a teaching and learning guidebook
16.A 17.D 18.D 19.A 20.B 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.C
Part III Error Correction
26.was → were 主谓一致，enough mass 足够多的物质，属于集体概念，故谓语动词
用复数，常考点，应引起重视。27.to → from 固定搭配prevent.from doing sth.意为“阻止做某事”，属于识记性题。
难度不大。
28.invisibly → invisible 这里修饰的是名词性词组“black star”，用形容词即可，
invisible 意为“不可见的”，搭配度很高，为阅读和完形中常考单词。需引起重视。
29.∧ which → in 介词in+ 关系代词which 限制性定语从句，表示在爱因斯坦相对论中，
其观点是……,定语从句在改错题中是常考点，需根据句子中被修饰的成分仔细分析,确定关系
代词和先行词.
30.too also 已经表达了“也，又”之意， 故too 就是多余的词语了，将其删去即可。
31.will → must 这里表示光都不能逃逸，任何其他物质更不可能逃脱，都会被黑洞
“trap”,即吞噬，表示一种必然的可能，推测在现在时中用 must,此时的must 是情态动词。
这个考点需要引起足够的重视。
32.and → or 选择关系，上一行中有but,提示否定句，任何物质，信息或能量无一例外。
均跑不出来.
33.go → undergo undergo 意思是“经历，遭受”和，句中意为恒星在其进化的最后阶
段，会经历由于重力作用引起的坍塌，只能用undergo;go 没有这层意思，动词的 意思要准
确掌握。
34.primary → primarily 此处应用副词修饰动词depending
35.of because 作为连词，后面应该接从句，because of 为介词短语，后应接名词或名
词性词组
Part VI Translation
36.the government interfere in the rise of house prices
37.did he think of being one
38.She could have finished the work before the end of this month
39.in spite of the headmaster's disapproval
40.It is no use pushing that button
