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2024 年中考英语新课标话题综合突破
08-人与自然(二)----宇宙探索(A卷)
一、完形填空
A
Dear Liu Yang,
I’m Angela Liu, a student from Nujiang, Yunnan. Now I’m in a middle school for girls. We used to 1
on a ropeway to cross the river to school, but now, bridges have been built and it’s much more 2 to go to
school now.
We read about you in a science book. My classmates and 3 were really excited to learn that you were
the first Chinese woman in space. That makes me 4 you very much.
Life at school is busy, but once I get home, I like reading books, 5 books about physics and
chemistry. 6 , my favorite books are about space. When I read them, I imagine that I’m a woman astronaut
like you and I’m on a space mission (任务).
It must be very exciting to live in space. I wonder what your life was like there. What did it feel like to be in
space? What did the stars 7 from space? What did you see? What did you eat? 8 did you sleep?
My classmates and I admire you very much—you set such a good example 9 us. All of my
classmates have decided to work harder and do our best to realize our dreams, just like you.
I’m looking forward to your 10 .
Yours,
Angela Liu
1．A．go B．goes C．gone D．going
2．A．difficult B．beautiful C．traditional D．convenient
3．A．I B．me C．my D．mine
4．A．accept B．admire C．advise D．announce
5．A．exactly B．gradually C．especially D．uncomfortably
6．A．Unless B．However C．Because D．Whether
7．A．look up B．look for C．look like D．look after
8．A．Why B．How C．What D．Which
8．A．by B．on C．in D．for
10．A．reply B．repeat C．return D．problem
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B
Zhu Yangzhu is the spaceflight engineer for the Shenzhou XVI task. He has loved the blue sky and flying
1 he was a boy.
When he was a middle school student, Zhu often did physical exercises about flying. Because of his 2
grades, Zhu could enter the College of Aerospace (航空航天) Science and Engineering in Changsha in the summer
of 2005. And he 3 there for the following years. During studying, Zhu made great 4 and
finished his high school life from the university with a doctor’s degree.
In the summer of 2018, Zhu heard about the news about China’s astronauts. He 5 to have a try to
become an astronaut. In September 2020, Zhu was 6 chosen as one of the country’s third group of 18
astronauts, including six other flight engineers.
However, for an engineer who had no air flight 7 , the astronaut training tasks presented a real test.
For example, astronauts had to 8 for three days and three nights in a closed room, during which they had
to do many tests on a computer. That 9 a lot of hard work. He not only completed the hard training
himself, but also played a(n) 10 role in relaxing the team and helping others in his team.
Last year, all his hard work paid off when he was chosen to carry out the Shenzhou-16 task.
1．A．unless B．since C．though D．because
2．A．low B．rich C．high D．bad
3．A．taught B．volunteered C．toured D．remained
4．A．progress B．change C．wealth D．development
5．A．decided B．refused C．continued D．agreed
6．A．slowly B．finally C．simply D．quietly
7．A．achievement B．feeling C．experience D．ability
8．A．pay back B．lie down C．hang out D．stay up
9．A．wasted B．saved C．required D．advised
10．A．dangerous B．important C．lovely D．friendly
二、阅读理解
A
Chinese airplanes C919 and ARJ21 developed by the Commercial Aircraft
Corporation of China, Ltd. (COMAC) arrived in Cambodia on Tuesday for a
display and demonstration flight (演示飞行). The two jetliners flew from
Singapore to Vietnam and Laos, and then to Cambodia, after finishing the
Singapore Airshow 2024 where they made their first airshow appearances outside
China.
The C919 and ARJ21-700 carried out two-week demonstration flights in
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Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia, laying the foundation (奠定
基础) for future market development in the region.
The demonstration of an eVTOL (Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing
aircraft) cross-city and cross-bay route (跨市跨湾路线), believed to be the first in
the world, has taken place in Shenzhen, south China’s Guangdong Province on
February 27, 2024.
The flight covered more than 55 kilometers and took around 20 minutes to
complete.
The aircraft, known as an “air taxi”, has a maximum (最大) takeoff weight
of 2,000 kilograms and can hold up to 5 passengers. It can cruise (巡航) at a
speed of 200 kilometers per hour and has a maximum range (最大半径) of 250
kilometers.
China Chic (中国时尚) has been a hot topic in China for years. It reflects
(反应) not only the growing popularity of domestic brands ( 国内品牌),
especially the younger generation, but also a renewed cultural confidence.
During the exhibition, companies showed their latest creations full of
traditional elements (元素) from the country’s rich intangible cultural heritage (非
物质文化遗产) with modern design and the latest technology.
1．In which country did Chinese airplanes C919 and ARJ21 first appear?
A．Vietnam. B．Singapore. C．Malaysia.
2．What do we know about an eVTOL?
A．It is believed to be the first electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft in the world.
B．This flight took about 40 minutes.
C．The aircraft can fly 2000 kilometers each hour.
3．During the exhibition of China Chic, which of the following cann’t be found?
A． B． C．
B
Gui Haichao is a university teacher, mainly studying space at Beihang University. His dream of flying to space
has now come true.
On May 30th morning, the Shenzhou-16 went into space from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre (酒泉卫星
发射基地) in northwest China.
In 2018, China began to select the astronauts. Unlike past choices, this time, astronaut s were chosen in three
kinds: space pilots, space engineers, and payload specialist (载荷专家). Gui becomes the first payload specialist to
enter space. During the Shenzhou-16 task, he will manage the payload for space science experiments.
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Gui grew up in a common family in Yunnan Province. His interest in space began at the age of 17 when he
turned on the school radio and heard the news of Yang Liwei’s space travel in 2003.
Over the past few years, Gui has been trained to use difficult equipment (设备) and do experiments in space.
However, the training way was a big problem for him. “I felt very sick after the space training,” he said. “So I added
more exercises, learned from other astronauts, and tried some of the training methods used by pilots. Finally, my
physical ability slowly improved.”
As a sports lover, Gui found happiness in training activities. And because he had the habit of doing sports, he
was able to keep up with this difficult training. His spirit of not being afraid of difficulties in realizing his dream
made him successful. Although he wore glasses, he was able to become an astronaut.
1．What does the underlined word “select” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Train. B．Choose. C．Search. D．Exam.
2．In what role did Gui Haichao join the Shenzhou-16 task?
A．Space pilot. B．Payload expert. C．Ground director. D．Space flight engineer.
3．What did Gui Haichao do to improve his physical ability?
a. Do more exercises. b. Learn from other astronauts.
c. Master the usage of equipment. d. Practice the training methods of pilots.
A．abc. B．abd. C．acd. D．bcd.
4．Why could Gui Haichao be able to keep up the difficult training?
A．Because he wore glasses. B．Because he was a university teacher.
C．Because he was interested in space. D．Because he had the habit of doing sports.
5．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How Gui studied the space area.
B．How Gui did space scientific experiments.
C．How Gui became a successful university professor.
D．How Gui achieved his dream of becoming an astronaut.
C
China’s Tiangong space station can help scientists study space. It is also a place for astronauts to live and
work. How much do you know about the lives of astronauts working in the space station? Come along and find out!
For astronauts in space, exercise is important. The environment is very different in space. Doing sports helps
astronauts stay healthy. How do they exercise? There is some fitness equipment (设备) in the space station such as
an exercise bike for riding, a treadmill for running and so on. The equipment makes it easy for astronauts to exercise.
Astronauts live in a weightless environment, so they can’t take showers like we do on the earth. Is there a
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bathroom in the space station? How do they keep them selves clean? Don’t worry! Tiangong has a unique bathroom.
Astronauts can wipe (擦) themselves clean with a wet towel.
What do astronauts eat in the space station? There is bread and porridge for breakfast. There are also
traditional Chinese dishes, like Kung Pao Chicken, fried rice and fried noodles with sliced pork. There is a special
“fridge” to store the food. It’s made of “aerogel (气凝胶)”. The food stays cool in it.
What if astronauts miss their families? There is special communication equipment in the space station.
Astronauts can have private “sky-to-earth” calls with their families. Usually, the astronauts wear a headset (耳机). It
not only helps them talk with each other, but also allows them to talk to the ground from any position.
1．What is the use of China’s Tiangong space station?
A．To help scientists study the earth.
B．To help astronauts travel in space.
C．As a place for astronauts to live and work.
D．As a place for people to have classes about space.
2．What does the underlined word “unique” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Common. B．Special. C．Usual. D．Separate.
3．What CAN’T you see in Tiangong space station?
A．Fitness equipment. B．A bathroom.
C．A special “fridge”. D．A library.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Astronauts can do some exercise in the space station.
B．There is nearly nothing to eat in the space station.
C．Astronauts have no way to keep themselves clean.
D．Astronauts can just talk with each other by wearing a headset.
5．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．Study on space. B．Lives in the space station.
C．Work of the astronauts. D．Exercise in the space station.
D
On November 14, 2023, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (国际民用航空组织) officially
recognized China’s Bei Dou Satellite Navigation (卫星导航) System (BDS) as the world level. This makes it one of
four global satellite navigation systems, along with the United States' GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European
Union’s Galileo.
China started to develop the BDS in 1994. The system came into use in 2000. After 12 years of work, it began
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serving the Asia-Pacific region. In 2020, with the global use of BDS-3, China has improved the system to provide
users with more correct positioning services, making it a valuable tool for more industries, including transportation,
agriculture, and surveying.
Now, with 59 satellites in its network, the BDS has served more than 1.5 billion users across the world. Most
mobile apps providing maps, navigation and shopping services in China already support the BDS. China’s satellite
navigation industry is growing fast. Its value reached more than 500 billion yuan in 2022. That number is expected to
double by 2025. In the first half year of 2023, there were about 13.4 million new BDS devices. Nearly 60% were
used in transport systems. The rest were used in communication and agriculture. The former made up about 28%and
the latter 12%.
As BDS gets more popular, it is expected to play an increasingly important role in global navigation and
positioning services.
1．What does the underlined word “devices” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．services B．transportation C．communication D．facilities
2．What do we know from Paragraph 3?
A．It is very expensive to put BDS into use.
B．All of the mobile apps in China support the BDS.
C．Bei Dou Satellite Navigation System is developing rapidly.
D．China’s satellite navigation industry is facing great challenges.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．BDS has been widely used in many fields.
B．BDS has served more users than Russia’s GLONASS.
C．BDS began to provide positioning services for people in 1994.
D．BDS is the most important satellite navigation system in the world.
4．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．The role of China’s Bei Dou Satellite Navigation System
B．The importance of China’s Bei Dou Satellite Navigation System
C．The popularity of China’s Bei Dou Satellite Navigation System
D．The introduction to China’s Bei Dou Satellite Navigation System
三、任务型阅读
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。
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On October 12, 2022, the students from all over the country had the third live class from China’s space station.
Shenzhou-14 members Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe gave the class to the students on the earth.
The astronauts did several experiments in the spaceship to show what happened in space microgravity (微重力).
Liu Yang tried drinking mango juice with a two-meter straw (吸管) and she made it! Another experiment showed
that a water ball became “lazy” after a small steel ball was put inside it…The astronauts also invited the students to
do the experiments on the earth. The students found the differences between space and the earth. “How interesting!”
they said.
The astronauts also answered questions from the students like “how to become an astronaut” and “what kinds of
plants they will grow in space in the future”.
It was the first science class from the Wentian lab module and the third “Tiangong Class”. The first and second
were given by the Shenzhou-13 members in the station Tianhe core module. The classes made a lot of young people
love space science.
1. On October 12, 2022, the students had the third ________ from China’s space station.
2. Liu Yang tried using a two-meter straw to ________ and she succeeded.
3. The students were invited by the astronauts to ________ on the earth.
4. The students thought the differences between space and the earth were ________.
5. These classes from space made a lot of young people love ________.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容案要求完成任务。
When the first person looked up to the sky, people’s imagination of space began. In China, there are many
stories about the exploration (探索) of space.
Thousands of years ago, there was a lady named Chang’e that flew to the Moon and lived there with a rabbit.
It’s just a story in myths (神话).
In the Ming Dynasty, a man named Wan Hu used a machine which was made of a chair, some fireworks and a
kite as a rocket to fly to space but failed. He was considered as the first human that tried to explore space.
Our exploration of space never stopped until it became a reality in modern times. Without doubt, Chinese space
technology has made great progress.
In 2003, when Shenzhou V set off successfully, Yang Liwei’s words “I am proud of our motherland” brought
tears to our eyes. Carrying the flying dream of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, as the first space visitor of
China, he started the Space Age for the Chinese.
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In 2008, Zhai Zhigang in Shenzhou VII had the first Chinese spacewalk, “I am out of the capsule (太空舱), and
I feel good,” he told the world proudly.
In the next years, China kept making its way in order to step further on exploring space. Especially in the recent
years, China has sent up Shenzhou XI and Shenzhou XV. Six astronauts have been sent to space with two women
included. On May 30, 2023, Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and Gui Haichao in Shenzhou XVI were sent into space
successfully.
From 2003 to 2023, Chinese people go farther and farther in space, In the near future, China will send
astronauts to the Moon and explore the Moon.
Task I: Finish the chart according to the passage. Fill in each blank with no more than 3 words.
Stories about China’s 1
Thousands of years ago Chang’e flew to the Moon in myths.
In the Ming Dynasty Wan Hu made a machine and tried to explore space.
In 2003 Yang Liwei started 2 for the Chinese.
In 2008 Zhai Zhigang had the first Chinese spacewalk.
In the next years We Chinese people kept making our way 3 we could step further on exploring space.
On 4 China sent Shenzhou XVI into space successfully.
In the future Chinese astronauts 5 to the Moon.
Task II: Answer the following questions.
6. In which dynasty did Wan Hu live?
7.How did Zhai Zhigang feel when he had the first Chinese spacewalk in Shenzhou VII?
8. What do you think of Chinese space technology? Explain your reason(s) in about 20 words.
四、短文填空
A
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Flying to the moon has been a Chinese dream for thousands of years. Professor Ye Shuhua, one of the key
scientists 1 (work) at Shanghai Astronomic Observatory for nearly half a century. To her, China’s lunar (月球)
project is exciting news for the country’s space industry. “For our astronomers, the moon is an ideal
place 2 (go),” Ye said.
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Dreams of flying to the moon has deep roots in Chinese culture. According to 3 ancient story, Chang’e was
a fairy who 4 (take) a special drink that gave her the ability to fly to the moon. The dream has already come true
for the US astronauts. But it will take China at 5 (little) ten years to land astronauts there.
The project has developed public understanding of the space program and people’s knowledge of the moon
— 6 (especial) among the young people. A visitor said, “The moon is a satellite of the earth. There are
millions 7 pits (凹陷) on its surface.”Another visitor said, “The moon is beautiful, and it’s the nearest body to
the earth. That’s 8 people want to land on it.”
Naturally, the children enjoy learning about science. But for scientists like Ye Shuhua, the lunar project is only
the 9 (begin).
“Landing on the moon will be a project for 10 (today) young people, not for me. But I hope that the day
our astronauts land on the moon, I can watch your news reports.” Ye said.
B
根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。
Deng Qingming is one of the three Chinese astronauts carrying out China’s Shenzhou-15 spaceship mission.
He 1 (final) got the chance to go to space after nearly 25 years of preparation.
Deng was born in a village in Jiangxi Province in 1966. As his 2 (parent) both worked in the fields, he had
to look after his younger brothers and sisters. At that time, his dream was to go to college and find a
job 3 (support) his family.
Deng 4 (be) a member of the PLA Air Force (空军) since 1984. When he left his village that year, his
friends came to say goodbye to him. He was deeply touched and decided to work hard. Years of hard 5 (train)
made him an excellent pilot, and he was chosen as one of the 6 (one) group of Chinese astronauts in 1998.
For a long time, Deng served as a backup (后备) astronaut. His road to space was 7 (long) than that of his
teammates. He spent almost all of his time preparing and waiting and he 8 (give) the chance to travel to space in
the end.
Besides that, Deng’s wife supported him a lot. She 9 (take) care of the whole family and never complained.
“You’ve set an example to 10 (we) daughter and we are proud of you,” she told him.
After a long wait, he flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship in November 2022 at last. Twenty-five years
was quite a long time, but Deng never gave up. Whenever the nation needs him, he is always waiting there, ready to
take on any challenge.
9
