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专题 10 语法填空 3（派生词，综合归纳 ）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
识·题型解读 命题特点 + 技巧解读 + 真题示例
明·模板构建 答题模板 / 技巧点拨 + 典型问答
用·真题演练 真题示例 + 思路点拨 / 模板运用 + 规范答题 + 变式演练
练·模板运用 最新模拟、预测考向
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所
给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生
为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀
有：
前 缀 例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词，动词 disappear 消失；dislike 不喜欢；dishonest 不诚实的；disorder 混乱，
之前 骚乱；disadvantage 缺点；dishonorable 不光彩的；disagree 不同意；
dissimilar 不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前 impossible 不可能的；impolite 粗鲁的，无礼的
in- 常加在形容词，名词之前 incorrect 不正确的；informal 非正式的；indirect 间接的；inability 无
能力；inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前 mistake 错误；misuse 错用 misunderstand 误解；misjudge 误判；
misfortune 不幸；
un- 主要放于名词，形容词，副词 unhappy不愉快的；unlucky 不幸的；untrue 不真实的；unfair不公平
前面 的；unknown未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly 不友好
的；unhealthy不健康的
non- 加在形容词、名词前 non-existence不存在；non-essential非本质的，不重要的non-smoker
非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面 irregular 不稳固的；irresistable 不可抵抗的、irresolvable 不能分解
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的，不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前 demobilize遣散，使…复员；decolor 脱色，漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边 anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antisocial反社会的
counter- 加在名词、动词前 counterattack反攻，反击；counteract抵抗阻碍；counterrevolution反
革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前 illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的 没有文化的；illogical不合逻辑的
边
（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
前 缀 例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词 alone单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的
auto- 表示“自动” autochart自动图表；autobiography自传；Autonomous自治的
co- 表示“共同” cooperate合作；co-worker同事
down- 表示“往下” download下载；downstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……” enjoy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能
够
fore- 表示“前的” forehead额头；foresee预见
inter- 表示“互相，在……之间” internet互联网；international国际的
kilo- 表示“千” kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克，公斤
man-表示“人，由人” man-made人造的，人工的，合成的
mid- 表示“中间的” midnight 午夜；mid-autumn中秋
micro- 表示“微观的，小的” microfilm缩微胶卷；microphone话筒；micro-economy微观经济
re- 表示“重新，再；又” reuse再用；retell复述；rewrite重写；rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的；次；小” subway地铁；subconscious下（潜）意识；submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的” superman 超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的，电信的（强调 telephone电话；telegraph；电报；telescope望远镜；television 电视
距离）”
2. 后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相
近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人” Australian澳大利亚人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；European欧洲人
-ance, -ence 表示“性质， attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance帮助；dependence依靠
程度”
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-ce表示“性质，程度” difference不同之处；importance重要性；patience耐性；
-ese 表示“某国人” Japanese日本人；Chinese中国人；Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性” actress女演员；lioness 母狮子
-(e)r 表示“从事某事的 teacher教师；singer歌手；driver司机；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner胜
人” 利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量 handful一把的；mouthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的
-hood表示关系或抽象意义 motherhood母亲身份；childhood童年；girlhood少女时代；neighborhood邻居
-ian 表示“精通……的 musician音乐家
人”
-ing 表示“动作的过程， feeling感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；reading阅读，朗读；读物；building建筑；
结果” 建筑物
-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,- action行动；solution解决方案；conclusion结论；结局； expression表达；
ition，表示“行为的过 correction改正，修正；pronunciation发音；读法；invitation邀请；decision决
程，结果，状况” 定；discussion讨论
-ist表示“专业人员” pianist 钢琴家；scientist 科学家；artist艺术家；typist打字员；violinist小提琴
家
-ment表示“性质；状态” agreement 协议；movement 运动；development发展；punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质；状态” happiness 幸福；business 事务；illness疾病；sadness悲痛；kindness和蔼；
greatness伟大
-or表示“从事某事的人” actor 演员；sailor 海员；visitor访问者，参观者；inventor发明家/人；创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念 friendship友谊；membership会员资格；leadership领导权；relationship关系
-th warmth温暖；truth 真理；length 长度；youth青年；death死亡；growth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况 difficulty困难；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力
-ure表示“行为，结果” failure失败；故障；pleasure快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事
（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词 widen加宽；sharpen 削 ；变尖；loosen 使松散；strengthen加强；lessen减少
后变动词“使得，变得”
-fy表示“使……化” beautify美化；purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为” realize意识到；organize组织
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-able表示“有能力的” reasonable有道理的；eatable 能吃的；enjoyable 令人愉快的
-al natural自然的；national 民族的，国家的；
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的” American美国（人）的；Australian澳大利亚（人）的；Indian印度（人）
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的
-ed moved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词 woolen羊毛的；羊毛制的；golden金的；wooden木制的；frighten恐吓
后“由……构成的”
-ent/-ant pleasant令人愉快的；dependent依赖的；different不同的
-ern表示“方向的” eastern东方的；southern南方的；northern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的” Chinese中国人的；Japanese日本人的
-ful beautiful美丽的；careful小心的；powerful强大的；colorful多彩的
-ing moving 感动的；encouraging 鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激动的；interesting
有趣的
-(ic)al electric/electrical 电的；historic有历史性的；economical经济的；political政
治的；scientific科学的
-ish childish孩子气的；selfish自私的；womanish像女人的；bookish书呆子气的
-ive active积极的，collective集体的 ；decisive决定性的；native本国的
-less 表示“否定” careless 粗心的；useless 无用的；hopeless 希望渺茫的；countless 不可数
的；helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的” girllike像女孩一样的；boylike像男孩一样的；motherlike像母亲一样的
-ly friendly友好的；yearly每年的；monthly每月的，weekly每周的；lovely可
爱的；lively活泼的
-ous famous著名的；continuous连续不断的；delicious可口的
-some handsome英俊的，大方的；gladsome愉快的；tiresome疲惫的；lonesome
孤独的
-(t)y thirsty口渴的；noisy喧闹的；healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气” snowy雪的；rainy下雨的；cloudy多云的；dusty多尘的
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别：加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的
后缀词形容词，主语一般为人，表示“某人感到……”。如：
The movie was very interesting. All of us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。
（interesting指的是电影有兴趣，而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣）
（4）构成副词的常用后缀有
后 缀 例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表 angrily生气地；slowly慢慢地，beautifully美丽地；terribly可怕地
示方式或程度
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位 towards朝……，向……；eastward向东方地；backwards向后退地；upwards
的词之后表示方向 向上地；westward向西地；homeward向家去地
-wise otherwise否则；likewise同样地；clockwise顺时针方向地；
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1．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Tim refused Jacky’s (invite) because they had an argument yesterday.
2．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）They were too tired and soon fell (sleep).
3．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）As long as Tom works hard, he can (success) in solving problems.
4．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）I have to turn down his (invite) because I have a coming exam.
5．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）His (kind) is beyond my imagination.
6．（2024·云南西双版纳·一模）GPS can show where you are at any time. A lot of drivers use it. (exact)
7．（2024·云南·三模）The at the meeting shared a story from his experiences. (speak)
8．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Alice smiled and nodded to show her (agree).
9．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）The man is very rich. He has much (wealthy).
10．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Seeing so many mistakes in the examination paper, the teacher was .
(disappoint)
11．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）The high-speed train can passengers to different places in a short time.
(transportation)
12．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The most important thing is to reach an (agree) and to avoid a trade war.
13．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）When the sunshine falls on the Earth, it will be turned into (hot) and energy.
14．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）To improve the in the countryside, the country sends many teachers there
every year. (educate)
15．（2023·山东青岛·二模）It was so nice a hotel that the sun shone (direct) into the room.
16．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）Many people like to watch the horse race because it’s (fair) exciting.
17．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）I think playing too many games on your mobile phone is (harm) to your
eyesight.
18．（2023·上海杨浦·二模）When will these kids learn to behave ?（proper）
19．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, (wealth) and wise.
20．（2022·江苏盐城·三模）People who are warm-hearted set good examples to us because they pass on their
to people around them. (kind)
21．（2022·山东临沂·二模）The chair in the room was made about one hundred years ago. (wood)
22．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）When she was playing the piano, the noise put her off. (sudden)
分析近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过
谓语动词
1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
高频考点
1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、
派生词
形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
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形容词和副词 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高
类 级。
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物
主代词、反身代词等。
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及
介词
短语介词。
0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉
冠词
及零冠词。
高频考 从属关联 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有
点 词 涉及。
并列连词 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do,
其他 does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连
接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。
易考词性出现背景
1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后
B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。
2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之
后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在
分词。
B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及
其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词)
3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语
B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
4.副词 （1）副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子
B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词
C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词
（2）副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事
6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配
7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系
8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分
9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。
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考法一 给提示词
考生需要根据上下文和句子结构,确定设空处所填词的词性、形式。
考点1 考查动词
1.设空处是谓语动词的,考虑该词的时态和语态。
例1 The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video
calling over the Internet. It (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
例2 Last week, he (come)to visit us in Canada.
2.设空处如果不是谓语动词,就有可能是动词的非谓语形式
例1 Su Yu-shan, the manager of the store, says the environment can help
people learn to do “soul(灵魂)reading” by (provide) a private experience with each book that
draws one’s attention.
例2 Then I taught him how to use the Internet and how (play) chess online.
考点2 考查名词
首先确定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词,还需要确定用单数还是复数形式。
例 Now he is quite good at playing chess online and has made a lot of (friend) on the
Internet at the same time.
考点3 考查形容词
如果设空句出现了提示使用比较等级的关键词或短语时,则需要用提示词的适当形式填空。比如形容词比较
级前经常会有much,even,a little,a bit等关键词或短语出现,后会有than出现。
例 My grandfather is much (happy) than before.
考点4 考查代词
1.考查物主代词。
设空处后出现名词,常考查形容词性物主代词。
解析 题干中lifestyle前使用形容词性物主代词their,注意句首单词首字母大写。
例 The San people have another name—“bush people”. (they) lifestyle is very simple,
but they know more about animals and plants than most people do.
2.考查人称代词
例 But he was very disappointed when he found nobody here could play chess with (he).
3. 考查反身代词
例 Now,she enjoys (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and you can
tell from the expression on her face.
考点5 词性转换
1.动词转换为形容词
例 After changing into the dress and getting my makeup done, I felt (relax).
2.名词转换为形容词
例 With the help of his father-in-law, a builder, he moved into a (comfort) new home
after only four months.
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3.形容词转换为副词
例 The bookstore is almost (complete) dark, except for the shelves of books.
4.动词转换为名词
例 Su Yu-shan, the (manage) of the store, says the environment can help people learn to
do “soul(灵魂) reading” by providing a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.
考法二 无提示词
无提示词的一般是填写冠词、介词、连词、副词、作形式主语或宾语的it等。
考点1 考查冠词
填写不定冠词时,注意其后单词若以元音音素开头则使用an,以辅音音素开头则使用a。
例 1 The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video calling over the Internet. It was
invented for people to see each other while talking online. Then we came up with idea.
例2 I took him to computer in my room and said, “Right here.”
考点2 考查连词
并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空,一般填入的连词有and,but,or,so。
若句子之间为从属关系,则填从属连词。
例 it might not be for everyone, Wuguan Books creates a very different kind of
environment from most bookstores.
考点3 考查介词
介词经常出现在固定搭配或者短语中。
例 “Grandpa, someone is waiting you to play chess,” I went to him and said.
考点4 考查副词
副词经常在一些固定搭配或者短语中出现,比如:put off(推迟),turn on(打开),take off(起飞)等。
例 I climbed of my tent and looked out at the mountain.
考点5 考查it的用法
例 is necessary to encourage kids to come up with new ways to make use of technology in
school life.
1.[2024福建]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s
early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made
Xi’an his capital. He 2 （give） it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an
achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 （build）
their ancient capitals.
Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still
left in China—is a good example. It 4 （go） around the city and is an important cultural site（遗址）. In
central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 （large） bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed
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as an emergency alarm（警钟） to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time.
While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8
（know） as a center for software（软件） research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always
been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 （city）.
Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 （it） and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past.
2.[2024江苏苏州]请认真阅读下面短文，在横线上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When cultures meet, not just their language or clothing may be different. Often their food will be 1
（great） different too. People on both sides can discover new chances for trading. This text 2 （tell） how
some common food plants spread around the world.
As early as 5,000 BC, 3 （potato） were traded in South America as a valuable type of food. They were 4
（take） to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it.
Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s, traders had begun to ship tea from China to Europe. Tea
drinking soon 5 （become） fashionable there but because 6 its high price, it remained a drink for the
wealthy.
Sugar cane（甘蔗） was first used to produce 7 kind of sweet juice over 8,000 years ago on the island of
New Guinea. Its use soon spread across South East Asia and then to the 8 （wide） world.
Cocoa was used to make a cold, spicy drink in Central America over 3,000 years ago. The Europeans brought
it back with 9 （they） in the 1520s and added sugar to make the sweet, hot drink we know today. 10 it’s
expensive, many people still love it.
3.[2024四川南充]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Shumei, born in 1937, spent most of her time working in a factory. In 1996, she learned her 1 （one）
Chinese character（汉字）. Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of her own 2 （story）. It was
not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. She 3 （usual） started at 3 or 4 a.m., and
revised（修改） the pieces several times until she was 4 （satisfy）.
In 2013, her book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published and proved to be 5 success. The book
earned Jiang a lot of fans and sympathy（同情）. “Don’t feel sorry for me,” she says to her fans. “The hardships
mentioned in the book are now in the past. 6 them, I could never have finished this book.”
So far, the elderly woman 7 （publish） six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s
never too late. I enjoy 8 （I）when writing,” Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 9 eating
a balanced diet. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me 10 （start） after
60?” she says jokingly.
4.(2023潍坊)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词。
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“I suddenly understood,” Valeria said, “why Mario wanted to buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy 1
(work) together during this period, I'm sure. They must have burned the farm down, Roberto. They could have
killed you!”
“I can't believe it,” Roberto said. “My own uncle wouldn't do that. It's 2 (possible).”
“But it must be true, Roberto,” Valeria said. “It's the only explanation.”
In the evening, Inspector(警官) Pavone telephoned and asked to speak to Roberto. “So far your uncle 3
(tell) us everything. He burned your farm down to make you 4 (sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices would go
up when a big company moved to the town. Then he and your uncle made a project 5 (build) shops and houses
on your land so that they could sell them for profit. They would have become terribly wealthy!”
Roberto could not speak. His own uncle had lied to him and almost killed him.
“Your uncle and Pagani are both criminals(罪犯),” the inspector said.
“Your uncle is a foolish and greedy man. He got himself into some 6 (danger) business. They must pay
for their 7 (act).”
Roberto held the telephone 8 (quiet) with eyes full of tears.
The inspector was right. Mario and Pagani 9 (put) into prison soon. Roberto did not feel happy, sad or
angry about them. He was too 1 0 (disappoint) to feel anything.
Some months passed. Roberto began to think about the future.
5.(2023滨州)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
An idol is someone who we respect or love. However, unlike many of my classmates, my idol is not a film
star, a famous writer or a sportsman. My idol is my dad.
Most people believe that a man 1 (go) out and work. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was
2 (serious) ill and needed attention all the time. My dad knew how much my mum loved her job, so he stopped
3 (work) to stay at home and look after me. Many men in this situation would want their 4 (wife) to stay with
the child, but my dad always thinks about 5 (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
My dad later took a job and worked at night. He chose the job so that he would only be out of the house when
I was sleeping. Since then, my dad 6 (help) and supported me in everything I do. I remember when I was
learning to ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back of the bicycle so that I would not fall. I 7 (feel)
so safe because I knew he was near. Soon, I was able to ride by 8 (I).
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My family is not rich, and we do not own a big house or an expensive car. My dad has shown me that
something is 9 (important) than money. Although he now works hard every day and is often very busy, he
always makes time 10 (stay) with me. He helps me with my homework, and plays games with me on
weekends. He has also taught me that I can achieve anything if I really work hard on it.
My dad is my idol because he showed me the most important things in life.
6.(2023威海)
用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。
I went to a restaurant for lunch with my granddad yesterday, and when the starters came, I got out my phone
and began to take some photos of them. My granddad was very surprised, and he laughed at me. “Food is for
eating!” he said, “And why 1 you 1 (take) photos of it?” Then I was surprised. Didn't he know why?
All my friends always take photos of food in restaurants when they go out to eat, and the photos 2 (share)
on social media(社交媒体). When we're deciding which restaurant to go to, we look at photos people post on social
media. Before I go to a restaurant, I also look at photos on social media 3 (see) the food on the menu. So, when
I 4 (arrive) at the restaurant, I know what I want to eat.
Yesterday, my granddad 5 (choose) mushroom(蘑菇) soup for his starter because he likes soup, and I
ordered fruit salad because it looked delicious in a photo I saw on my phone. Both dishes were very good.
“Granddad! We 6 (finish) our starters. Now! Look at the menu for the main course(主菜).” He couldn't
7 (decide) between a fish dish and a beef dish. “Would you like to see some photos of them?” I asked. He laughed
again. “OK!” he said. I got out my phone again, found the photos and gave him the phone. He decided on the beef
because it came with rice and carrots.
After the meal, I asked Granddad, “ 8 you 8 (use) photos on social media to choose your food next
time you eat out?” “Maybe,” he said, “if I'm with one of my grandchildren!”
1.(2024 深圳二模)The lion dance is one of the most popular traditional arts in China.
Known 1 the king of animals, the lion is a symbol of power in Chinese culture. People
perform the lion dance 2 （drive） away evil（邪恶） and bring good luck.
The lion dance 3 （operate） by two dancers in a lion costume. The lion's head is
4 （main） made of bamboo or wood. The lion's body is made of colored cloth. Dancers often wear pants and
shoes that are 5 same color as the lion's body.
The lion dance is usually seen during 6 （culture） celebrations and traditional festivals. Over the years, it
has developed into two main types, Northern Lion Dance and Southern Lion Dance. 7 both forms share some
similarities, they show differences in many ways. For example, the Northern Lion Dance is more playful. It tries to
show the lion's character and 8 （behave）. The Southern Lion Dance is more expressive. Many people are
impressed by 9 （it） energetic movements such as standing on wooden stakes （木桩） to climb high and
shaking the hair.
So far, the lion dance 10 （spread） throughout the world with Chinese immigrants（移民）. Now it is
enjoyed by people of all ages.
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2.（2024长沙一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he
also wrote many influential（有影响力的） articles about the lives of Chinese people.
Born in a 1 （wealth） family in 1881, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. 2 （unlucky）, his
father became seriously ill and died in 1896. From that time on, his family lived a poor life and
were hardly accepted by their relatives. These early 3 （experience） deeply influenced his
writing.
When he studied at university in 1898, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become
modern. In 1902, he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles 4 several Chinese student
magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, though none was popular.
He returned to China in 1909 because 5 （he） family was in need of money.
After working for several years as 6 teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he
created his famous short story Diary of a Madman, 7 was the first novel to use vernacular Chinese（白话文）. It
came out to be a great success. And his other novels, such as The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji, 8 （read）
by Chinese young people in that period.
Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China’s future. In 1927, he moved to Shanghai and
gave up 9 （write） stories in order to focus on articles which could call on people to fight for a better country.
Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s influence 10 （grow） with time. Today, many of his writings are
included in school textbooks and his works are valued by millions of people around the world.
3.[2024长沙模拟]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most people nowadays wear sneakers（跑鞋）, sandals（凉鞋） or boots. But in ancient China, many
people made 1 （they） own cloth shoes.
Tangchang, 2 town in Sichuan province with over 700 years of shoemaking history, is known 3 its cloth
shoes. Tangchang cloth shoes are easy to walk in, and they don’t get wet 4 （easy）.
Tangchang cloth shoes 5 （be） popular in China from the Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. In
2018, Tangchang cloth shoes were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产） list. Cloth
shoes always look nice, 6 making cloth shoes is not easy. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang, 66, is a master
of making cloth shoes and has been making them for over forty 7 （year）. The job is much 8 （difficult）
than before because sneakers became more popular with customers. Many Tangchang cloth shoe factories shut
down. The last one, where Lai worked, shut down in 1998.
9 （make） a living and help the cultural heritage survive, Lai and her co-workers continued to make cloth
shoes and sold them in her store. Then, Sichuan embroidery（蜀绣） 10 （add） to the shoes by Lai’s son, Ai
Peng. Tangchang cloth shoes may appear simple, but behind them lies the passion of Lai’s family.
4.[2024岳阳二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A video series（系列片） named Escape from the British Museum was released（发布） last year. It has
caused a heated 1 （discuss） in China’s social media recently. Directed by a Chinese vlogger, the three-episode
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series tells a story of how a Chinese cultural relic（文物） escapes from the British Museum and finds 2 （it）
way back to China.
In the video series, the female vlogger 3 （play） the role of an ancient Chinese jade teapot（玉茶壶）,
while her male（男性的） partner is a journalist 4 helps the teapot return to China. The 5 （video） were
inspired by a netizen who suggested 6 （make） a video in memory of the ordeal（磨难） of Chinese cultural
relics returning home from the UK. They said the story was based on historical facts and aimed to draw attention 7
the Chinese cultural relics held abroad. After watching the videos, the netizens 8 （humorous） remarked（评
论） that the treasures in the museum must be feeling “homesick”. What 9 educational and creative story!
It 10 （believe） that more great micro-dramas like Escape From the British Museum are worth looking
forward to and they will become better and better.
5.[2024衡阳一模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He was born in 1 poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan
Province. He was at school for less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he found a Chinese painting
handbook—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interest in painting 3 （picture）.
He decided 4 （learn） by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he 5
（start） to travel around China. He visited famous places, met many people and saw different kinds of art pieces.
These experiences helped him become one of the 6 （good） artists of all time.
7 （he） paintings are generally about small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps（虾） and frogs.
“Mouse and Cat with Lamp” is one of them. In the picture, a mouse is standing on the top of a long pole（杆子）.
Under the pole is a cat. They are so lively 8 it looks like they would jump out of the paper to fight.
All the works 9 （create） by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His
talents and skills amazed the whole world a lot. He is 10 （real） a master of art and the pride of Hunan.
6.[2024长沙雅礼二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ye Shengtao was a famous Chinese writer. He created the first collection of fairy tales（童话集） named The
Scarecrow（《稻草人》） for Chinese children between 1921 and 1922.
Ye was born in 1894 in Jiangsu. He once worked 1 a teacher in a primary school. He often told his students
stories from Chinese and foreign classics. His students were all happy 2 （listen） to those stories.
In 1921, Ye 3 （begin） to write fairy tales for a magazine. He finished his first fairy tale Little White Boat
in winter of 4 same year. In the following seven months, Ye wrote 22 5 （many） fairy tales than before. And
they made up The Scarecrow we see today.
There are two kinds of stories in the collection. The 6 （one） kind is about children’s innocent smiles and
beautiful feelings like Little White Boat. People’s hard life like The Scarecrow 7 （describe） in the second kind
of his stories. In the story, the scarecrow often sees poor people’s difficulties in life, 8 he is unable to stop them
from happening or give people a helping hand. He feels very helpless and falls in the field at last. Ye wanted
children to care about what happened around 9 （they）. And he hoped children could understand adults’ 10
（sad） after reading the collection.
Good works can always stand the test of time. Nowadays, Ye’s fairy tales are still popular with children.
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7.（2024长沙二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In daily life, crows（乌鸦） cause serious damage（破坏） to fruit and vegetable farms and look for food
in the rubbish. Sometimes smaller birds and even humans 1 （attack） by crows.
Because crows are very intelligent and have 2 excellent memory, they are very difficult to deal with. Even
the most lifelike scarecrows（稻草人） may not scare 3 （they） away. However, one company says what
people need is just a surprisingly simple product—the Crow Buster. It can prevent crows 4 moving close.
Hearing the name, you’d expect it to be some kind of secret tool. But in fact, it is just a yellow piece of plastic
5 can be hung in many places, like fruit farms, house roofs or anywhere you can think of. And it can work for up
to several 6 （month） after being hung up.
7 its name sounds powerful, the Crow Buster actually deals with crows in a gentle way. The company
doesn’t 8 （clear） explain how the Crow Buster works. But it has to do with the way light is reflected, which
makes crows 9 （comfortable） and drives them away.
This special tool 10 （be） on the market for 9 years. Based on the videos people have shared online and
the customer reviews on the company’s website, it does work wonders for crows.
8.(2024深圳二模)
Showing Respect for Seniors
Dads have Father's Day. Moms have Mother's Day. Kids have Children's Day. But, do our grandparents have a
special holiday? Yes, they do!
The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is 1 the ninth day of the
ninth month of the lunar calendar （阴历）. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long,
people take the Double Ninth Festival to show 2 （they） wishes for a long life for elderly people.
There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, 3 （family） get together and climb mountains for
luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine （菊花酒）
and wear a plant 4 （call） zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemums 5 zhuyu are regarded as clean plants
that can clean houses and cure （治愈） diseases.
Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an
older person enters 6 room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually
introduces them from the 7 （old） to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older
person, two hands 8 （use）. On a crowded subway train or bus, younger people always offer their seats to
elderly people.
It is a 9 （tradition） virtue （美德） in China to respect elderly people. That's because the Chinese know
that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So Chinese people are proud
of 10 （be） old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow.
9.(2023济南一模)
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hand washing with soap can reduce(减少) illnesses.
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One of the easiest 1 (way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. But many children haven't
2 (develop) the right habit of hand washing. Children do not wash 3 (they) hands often enough or long
enough. It's such a simple habit, but the children aren't doing it.
Issar and his friend decided 4 (solve) the problem using a fun method. They tried many times and created
a tool called Soapen. It turned hand washing 5 a fun activity. As the name suggests, Soapen is 6 pen
which is made out of soap. The children draw on hands with the Soapen and then wash the drawing off. The colors
will remain on the children's hands 7 they don't spend enough time washing them off. It 8 (help) a teacher
in the classroom a lot. After all, not all the teachers have the time to make each child wash his hands 9
(proper).
“Children wash hands much 10 (long) than before now because they like drawing on hands. Soapen does
help children make a good habit of hand washing”, said Issar.
15
