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备战 2026 年中考时文阅读 4
文章导读
阅读理解 A篇： 在墨西哥发现一座失落的玛雅城市
B篇： 中国天眼之父”南仁东
C 篇： 中国部分城市将BMI纳入中考体育测试
D篇： 龙虾--从 "廉价生存食物" 到 "奢华美食和文化象征"
A
In Mexico, Luke and a team of scientists discovered a lost Maya city. It was covered by thick forests
for centuries.The Maya lived there over 1,000 years ago. They were good at farming, writing, math and
building amazing stone buildings like temples and palaces.
________ The main reason was that most work had to be done by hand to make a discovery.
Scientists had to cut down overgrown plants as they walked through the forest. It was hard and took lots of
time.
Later, a technology, LiDAR, makes it possible for scientists to discover hidden ancient villages more
easily. To use LiDAR, scientists fly a tiny flying machine over an area. The machine sends out thousands of
laser beams (激光束). By recording how long it takes for the beams to return to the machine, scientists can
make a 3D map of the ground below. This way, scientists can further study the remains long before they
finally enter them.
However, Luke’s team was not able to use LiDAR because it was too expensive. Luckily, Luke found
a 2013 LiDAR map online made by other researchers. When Luke and his team studied the information,
they were surprised to find thousands of Maya structures (建筑) which made a large city. The city even had
a field for ancient Mayan ball games.
Luke believes that their discovery means there is a lot more to discovery in that area. They plan to
enter the newly discovered city to continue their research. “Maya cities are completely different from
modern ones,” Luke said. “Studying them can give us ideas to make our cities better.”
1．Which of the following can be put in the ________ in Paragraph 2?
A．When did Luke make this important discovery?
B．Why did the city remain undiscovered for so long?
C．How long did it take for scientists to discover the city?
D．What difficulties did scientists have during the process?
2．What does the underlined word “the remains” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．3D maps. B．Thick forests. C．Laser lights. D．Ancient villages.
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3．How did Luck and his team discover the Maya city?
A．With the help of some photos. B．By entering the forest in person.
C．With the help of a LiDAR map. D．By making a 3D map with a machine.
4．What does Luke talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The value of this discovery. B．The abilities of his team.
C．The customs of ancient people. D．The difficulties they faced.
5．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．More Technologies for Research B．Hidden Maya City Found
C．Meet the Powerful Ancient Maya D．New Technology Discovered
B
Nan Rendong was called “the Father of China’s Sky Eye”. 1 This great scientist
spent his life building the world’s largest radio telescope (射电望远镜), which helps humans
explore space mysteries.
Born in 1945 in Liaoning Province, Nan showed great interest in science as a child. 2 Later he got
a chance to study abroad. Many foreign scientists wanted him to stay, but Nan refused. “My country needs
me,” he said when returning to China in 1994.
Building FAST was extremely challenging. 3 Nan and his team walked through mountains in Guizhou for
12 years to find the perfect location. Once, heavy rain destroyed their equipment. Nan encouraged everyone:
“Difficulties are like stars – the darker the night, the brighter they shine.”
4 On September 25, 2016, FAST opened officially. Sadly, Nan passed away in 2017 before
seeing its first big discovery. But his spirit lives on. A young engineer working on FAST said: “
5 He taught us that true success needs both dreams and perseverance (毅力).”
A．He always carried a notebook to write down his ideas.
B．The project needed a huge natural “dish” shape valley.
C．His childhood dream was to become an astronaut.
D．After decades of hard work, the dream came true.
E．He didn’t just build a telescope; he built hope.
F．He won the highest science award in China in 2018.
C
BMI is a measure (测量方法) that uses your height and weight to work out if you are fit. Some cities
in China have included BMI in the PE test for the high school entrance examination, or zhongkao. For
example, Beijing declared that BMI became a subject of the PE test for the zhongkao. Chengdu and
Shanghai have also started similar actions. This change aims to encourage students to pay more attention to
their health and exercise habits.
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Zhang Yanshu is an eighth-grader from Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School. He started by
running with his dad, and soon took training classes. “I think BMI and the events for the exam go well
together. When I practice the events, my BMI gets better; when my BMI gets better, I feel more energetic
doing the events.” Zhang also paid much attention to his food. “I ate brown rice instead of white rice, and
chicken for meat most of the time,” he said. “It was for sure sad.” His BMI reached a good level after four
months of effort.
Chen Kaifei, 14, also from Beijing said that BMI is also a problem for students who are too thin, and
has caused some “figure anxiety (身材焦虑)” among students. “However, mostly I think it has a good
influence,” Chen said. “Everyone has a better understanding of their body and health conditions, and I
started to care about my lifestyle every day, simply to keep my BMI at a good level.”
Adding BMI to the zhongkao PE test helps students focus on their health, but it also brings
challenges. While some, like Zhang Yanshu, succeed by combining exercise and healthy eating, others worry
about stress over body image. Schools and families should guide students to care for their health without
feeling too much pressure.
1．What did Zhang Yanshu do to improve his BMI according to the text?
A．He took medicine and avoided sugary food.
B．He practiced running and changed his diet to brown rice and chicken.
C．He focused on training classes and stopped eating rice.
D．He asked his father to help him with BMI measure.
2．What can we learn from Chen Kaifei’s suggestion about BMI in exams?
A．It unfairly pressures students who are already very healthy.
B．It is more harmful than helpful for students’ mental health.
C．It has benefits but requires attention to students’ feelings.
D．It should only be used for students who are overweight.
3．How does the author organize the passage?
A．By comparing BMI rules in different cities.
B．By introducing a policy, using examples, and showing results.
C．By arguing BMI should not be used in exams.
D．By teaching how to calculate BMI step by step.
4．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain why BMI is a good measure for physical health.
B．To show how BMI helps students achieve perfect body shapes.
C．To discuss both the benefits and concerns of using BMI in exams.
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D．To encourage schools to replace BMI with other tests.
D
Top catch of the times
Having a big lobster(龙虾) meal and a lot of fun on the North Shore is a great way to
celebrate!
On Oct 10, people in Prince Edward Island, Canada, enjoyed a lobster party to celebrate the
lobster-catching season. Tickets were $125(about 880 yuan)per person.
Lobster hasn't always been expensive. According to the book Lobster: A Global(全球的)
History by US food writer Elisabeth Townsend, lobster was once considered“survival(生存) food".
It was only eaten when people were very hungry because there were so many lobsters and it
wasn't easy to keep them fresh.
As global sea trade(贸易) grew, lobster became a favorite among European nobles(贵族). Since
it had to be shipped alive(活着的), only those with money and power could get it. By the early
1900s, lobster was a symbol of luxury(奢华). It was reported that the rich US businessman
Diamond Jim Brady ate six or seven lobsters in one sitting.
Over time, lobster became popular all over the world. It also has different meanings in
different places. In some cultures, lobster is a symbol of long life because of its curved (弯曲的)
back. In others, it stands for power(力量) because of its hard shell(壳). Lobster isn't just for eating
anymore-it has become a cultural symbol.
1. What do we know about the lobster party?
A. People drew lobster at the party. B. It happens in winter every year.
C. It was held on a Canadian island. D. It was free for people to join.
2. Why was lobster seen as“survival food” in history?
A. It was expensive. B. It was difficult to catch.
C. It looked scary and tasted bad. D. It was common and hard to keep fresh.
3. Why does the author mention Diamond Jim Brady in Paragraph 3?
A. To show that lobster is good for health.
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B. To discuss rich people's eating habits.
C. To talk about the history of eating lobster.
D. To show that lobster was popular among the rich.
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. People around the world enjoy eating lobster.
B. There are now different kinds of lobster dishes.
C. Lobster has different cultural meanings across the world.
D. Lobster has become a symbol of power in some cultures.
【答案】
A
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了Luke和一组科学家在墨西哥发现一座失落的玛雅城市的相关情况，包括发现
的过程、借助的技术以及该发现的意义等。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段后文“The main reason was that most work had to be done by hand to make a
discovery. Scientists had to cut down overgrown plants as they walked through the forest. It was hard and
took lots of time.”可知，这里在解释这座城市长时间未被发现的原因。选项B“为什么这座城市这么长
时间都没有被发现呢？”符合语境。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Later, a technology, LiDAR, makes it possible for scientists to discover
hidden ancient villages more easily.”以及“This way, scientists can further study the remains long before
they finally enter them.”可知，them指代的是前面提到的ancient villages，所以the remains指的就是
ancient villages。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Luckily, Luke found a 2013 LiDAR map online made by other researchers.
When Luke and his team studied the information, they were surprised to find thousands of Maya structures
which made a large city.”可知，Luke和他的团队是在一张激光雷达地图的帮助下发现了玛雅城市。故选
C。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Luke believes that their discovery means there is a lot more to discovery
in that area. They plan to enter the newly discovered city to continue their research. ‘Maya cities are
completely different from modern ones,’ Luke said. ‘Studying them can give us ideas to make our cities
better.’”可知，Luke在最后一段谈论的是这次发现的价值。故选 A。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Luke和一组科学家在墨西哥发现一座失落的玛雅城
市的事情，包括发现的过程、借助的技术等。选项B“隐藏的玛雅城市被发现”能够概括文章的主要内
容。故选B。
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B
【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．E
【导语】本文介绍“中国天眼之父”南仁东的生平，讲述他建造FAST的历程和精神遗产。
1．根据前文“Nan Rendong was called ‘the Father of China’s Sky Eye’”和后文“This great
scientist spent his life building the world’s largest radio telescope”可知，这里在说明南仁东的荣
誉，选项F“他在2018年获得了中国最高科学奖”符合语境。故选F。
2．根据前文“Nan showed great interest in science as a child”和后文“Later he got a chance to
study abroad”可知，这里在说明南仁东对科学的热爱，选项A“他总是随身携带一个笔记本，记下自
己的想法”符合语境。故选A。
3．根据前文“Building FAST was extremely challenging”和后文“Nan and his team walked
through mountains in Guizhou for 12 years to find the perfect location”可知，这里在说明FAST项
目面临的挑战，选项B“该项目需要一个巨大的天然‘碟形’山谷”符合语境。故选B。
4．根据后文“On September 25, 2016, FAST opened officially”可知，这里在说明FAST项目最终成
功，选项D“经过几十年的努力，梦想成真了”符合语境。故选D。
5．根据前文“A young engineer working on FAST said”和后文“He taught us that true success
needs both dreams and perseverance”可知，这里在说明南仁东的精神影响，选项E“他不仅建造了望
远镜，还带来了希望”符合语境。故选E。
C
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国部分城市将BMI纳入中考体育测试的政策，并通过学
生案例分析了该政策的积极影响和潜在问题。
1．细节理解题。根据“He started by running with his dad, and soon took training classes…I ate brown rice
instead of white rice, and chicken for meat most of the time”可知，张彦舒通过跑步训练、改变饮食来改善
BMI。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“BMI is also a problem for students who are too thin, and has caused some ‘figure
anxiety (身材焦虑)’ among students”以及“Everyone has a better understanding of their body and health
conditions, and I started to care about my lifestyle every day, simply to keep my BMI at a good level.”可知，
陈凯菲认为该政策有好处但需关注学生情绪。故选C。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章首段引入BMI政策，第二、三段用张彦舒和陈凯菲的案例说明影
响，末段总结政策利弊。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国部分城市将BMI纳入中考体育测试的政策，并通
过学生案例分析了该政策的积极影响和潜在问题。故选C。
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D
1. C文章明确提到龙虾派对在 "加拿大爱德华王子岛" 举行，这与选项 C"在加拿大岛屿上举行" 相
符。A 选项 "画画" 未提及；B 选项 "每年冬天" 错误（实际是 10 月 10 日）；D 选项 "免费" 错误
（实际票价 $125）。
2. D龙虾被视为 "生存食物" 是因为 "数量多且不易保鲜"，人们只有在饥饿时才食用，这与选项 D
一致。其他选项与文章描述相反。
3.D提到 Diamond Jim Brady 一次吃六七个龙虾的例子，是为了证明 "龙虾成为富人喜爱的奢侈品"，
与选项 D 相符。A 选项 "健康" 未提及；B 选项过于宽泛；C 选项不够具体。
4. C最后一段主要讲述龙虾在不同文化中的象征意义（长寿、力量等），与选项 C"龙虾在全球有不同
文化含义" 相符。A 选项过于笼统；B 选项 "龙虾菜肴种类" 未提及；D 选项仅为段落部分内容。
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8
