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人教版 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space exploration
外研版 选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown；Unit 6 Space and beyond
译林版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Out of this world
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．high-end adj.高端的
2．data n．资料；数据
3．telescope n．望远镜
4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹
5．spacewalk n．太空行走
6．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
7．gravity n．重力，地球引力
8．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
9．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
10．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
11．anecdote n．轶事；趣闻
12．offshore adv.& adj.近海(的)；离岸(的)
13．spaceship n．宇宙飞船
14．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
15．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车) vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
2．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
3．resource n．资源；财力；物力4．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员
5．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
6．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
8．crew n．(飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员
9．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
10．float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
11．scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖叫 n．尖叫(声)
12．current adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮
13．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运
行
14．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号(灯)；标志
15．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
16．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
17．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
18．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引(力)
19．mankind n．人类
20．beyond prep.在更远处；超出
21．circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况
22．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
23．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.(leapt，leapt/leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analys(z)e v．分析
2．expand v．扩大；增加；发展→expansion n．扩大；增加
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
4．agency n．机构；代理处→agent n．代理人，代理商
5．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点；论据
6．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
7．expose v．使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光→exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报
道
8．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的，全体的，全世界的；通用的
9．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.令人向往的，值得拥有的；可取的
10．incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的；惊人的→incredibly adv.极其，极端地；难以
置信地11．cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括→coverage n．新
闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围
12．limit vt.& n．限制→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的
13．assist v．帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
14．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁
地
15．determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determination
n．意志，决心
16．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.非常喜欢……的；附属的→attachment n．附加设备，
附属物；附件；喜欢，依恋
17．occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙于→occupied adj.有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的
→occupation n．占领；职业
18．regular adj.定期的；经常的；惯常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
→irregular adj.不定期的
19．disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的
→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
20．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原件；
原作→originally adv.起初，原来；独创地，新颖地
21．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence
n．独立；自立
1．downfall n．衰败
2．delve v．探索；探究
3．cyclone n．气旋；旋风
4．megadrought n．超级干旱
5．uncharted adj.地图上没有标明的
6．subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的
7．shipwreck n．沉船，失事的船；海难
8．hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
9．simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器
10．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．result in导致；造成
2．look into调查(问题)3．block out 挡住(光线)
4．in view of鉴于，考虑到
5．be/become accustomed to习惯于
6．carry on继续做；坚持干
7．provide for sb 为某人提供生活所需
8．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
9．set out出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作
10．in the hope of doing...抱着做……的希望
11．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去；热衷于
12．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
13．in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
14．so as to...以便……；为了……
15．enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事
16．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...第几个做……
Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri
Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来，苏联致力于把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太
空的人。
2．there be＋n.＋that...
There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere，so it’s actually quite
likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us.
有证据表明，进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行，所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命
在很多方面都与我们相似。
3．it be＋过去分词＋that...
Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the
Milky Way.不久，人们就认识到，太阳只是银河系中的数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
4．现在分词短语作状语
It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board，providing a continuous
human presence in space.
它绕地球运行，搭载了来自不同国家的航天员，使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分)1．high-end adj.高端的
2．data n．资料；数据
3．gravity n．重力，地球引力
4．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
5．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
6．anecdote n．轶事；趣闻
7．offshore adv.& adj. 近海 ( 的 ) ；离岸 ( 的 )
8．shuttle n． 航天飞机；来往于两地的航班 ( 或班车、火车 ) vi. 频繁往来 ( 于两地之间 )
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
2．resource n．资源；财力；物力
3．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
4．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
5．crew n．(飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员
6．float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
7．scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖叫 n．尖叫(声)
8．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
9．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号(灯)；标志
10．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
11．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
12．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→ analys(z)e v．分析
2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
3．expose v．使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光→exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报
道
4．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.令人向往的，值得拥有的；可取的
5．incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的；惊人的→incredibly adv.极其，极端地；难以置
信地
6．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁
地
7．regular adj.定期的；经常的；惯常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular
adj.不定期的
8．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．
独立；自立Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．downfall n．衰败
2．lifelike adj. ( 图画、模型等 ) 生动的，逼真的
3．uncharted adj.地图上没有标明的
4．shipwreck n．沉船，失事的船；海难
5．hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．in view of 鉴于，考虑到
2．be/become accustomed to 习惯于
3．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
4．look into 调查(问题)
5．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去；热衷于
6．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
7．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
8．in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分)
1．He occupies an important position in a company，and is occupied with all kinds of
activities，so his occupation brings him great fame and fortune.(occupy)
2．Tom was disappointed at the disappointing news that his parents didn’t support his dream
of being an astronaut.(disappoint)
3．Many great people have devoted their limited lives to the limitless service to the people.
(limit)
4．As an assistant，he assisted the professor in carrying out the project.And without his
assistance，it couldn’t be completed on time.(assist)
5．We need to evaluate ourselves，our values，our strengths and so on because objective
evaluation will benefit us.(evaluate)
6．An argument about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the
conference and some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue)
7．It is originally thought to be a plant of Africa，but no one knows exactly the origin of this
plant，because we don’t have any original material about it. (origin)
8．When asked whether he was determined to be an astronaut，the boy just looked at me with
determination.(determine)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as to help astronauts get enough foodon longer journeys through space.
2．As they were determined to complete the job on time，they set out to work immediately.
3．His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many
plants and animals.
4．Actually，I am so keen on space exploration that I regularly go to the library in the hope of
gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe.
5．The proverb “Where there is a will，there is a way” reminds me that the path to success is
not always smooth and encourages me to carry on.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．众所周知，杨利伟是第一个被送入太空的中国航天员。(the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...)
As is known to us，Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut to be sent into space.
2．据报道，一个严重的错误导致了这次航天飞机发射的失败。(it be＋过去分词＋that...)
It was reported that a terrible mistake resulted in the failure of the launch of the space shuttle.
3．有证据表明，人类正在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。(there be＋n.＋that...)
There is evidence that mankind is exploring the space in the hope of finding out more about the
universe.
4．近年来，中国航天事业发展迅速，使中国成为世界航天强国。(现在分词短语作状语)
In recent years，China’s aerospace engineering has developed rapidly，making China a world
power in space.
Mankind has managed to create vehicles to carry astronauts into space.They launch
rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people are determined to devote
1.themselves(them) to space exploration，even though space disasters which killed astronauts on
board make them 2.disappointed(disappoint)．Besides，when 3.living(live) in space，the
astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For lack 4.of gravity，their muscles
become incredibly weak.They have to tape everything up,5.otherwise/or they would float
around.They also need to figure out a way 6.to store(store) sufficient food or oxygen.But
people’s desire to explore space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space
7.independently(independent)．This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people
argue that we 8.(should) stop(stop) wasting time and money on space exploration,9.which is a
shallow view.Our planet’s resources are limited，and we should find a new home to provide
for the ever increasing population.In closing，we attach great 10.significance(significant) to
exploring and we should carry on with space exploration.
argue v．争论；辩论；讨论(argument n．争论；争辩；争吵)•argue with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against赞成/反对……
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
•have an argument with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争吵/争论
(1)They are having an argument(argue) with their classmates about how to figure out the difficult
math problem.
(2)I have argued him into dealing with the current situation in this way.
(3)最近我们班就我们是否应该继续太空探索彼此争论。一些学生主张太空非常值得探索。
其他学生反对太空探索。在我看来，太空探索能够帮助人类解决资源匮乏的问题。
Our class has recently argued/had an argument with each other about/over whether we should carry
on with space exploration.Some students argue that space is well worth exploring.Others argue
against it.Personally，space exploration can assist mankind to solve the problem of lack of
resources.
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望
•have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物
•desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...希望……
(1)Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.
(2)His mother desired him to become an astronaut after he grew up.
→His mother desired that he (should) become an astronaut after he grew up. (用desire that...改写)
(3)我对太空探索如此感兴趣，以至于我有强烈的愿望在未来成为一名航天员。
I am so interested in space exploration that I have a strong desire to be an astronaut in the future.
carry on 继续做；坚持干
carry on doing sth继续做某事
carry on with sth继续某事
carry out 实施；履行；贯彻
carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关
(1)由于缺乏足够的氧气，那名航天员无法继续他的任务。
Lacking sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.(2)他双腿颤抖地站了起来，继续沿路慢慢地走着。(读后续写之动作描写)
He rose to his feet on shaky legs，and carried on walking slowly down the road.
(3)尽管失败了，这位科学家相信他的决心和努力会帮助他渡过难关。
Despite the failure，the scientist believed his determination and hard work would carry him
through.
(4)自从实施了新政策，失业人数迅速减少。
There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy was carried out.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...第几个做…… Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending
people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world
to go into space.
后来，苏联致力于把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太
空的人。
•当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
•动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即作后置定语。
•有些抽象名词后也常用不定式作定语，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，attempt等。
(1)He had no doubts about his team’s ability to reach(reach) the World Cup finals.
(2)Millions of people saw the apple fall，but Newton was the only one to ask(ask) why.
(3)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact(contact) you failed.
(4)我们抓住了登上梯子的黄金机会，通过梯子上了直升机。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
We seized the golden chance to climb the ladder and through it we got into the helicopter.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．occupy
(1)Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg，occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche.(2023·全国甲) B
(2)When the enemy occupied the city，the scientist was occupied with his research. C
(3)The doctor occupies himself in taking care of his patients every day. A
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Hot and cold air currents power the weather systems on earth. ( 气 ) 流
(2)Officials were not allowed to monitor the voting.监视
(3)As a mater of fact，they are at the garage decorating the float for the carnival.彩车
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet，even in the most
extreme circumstances(circumstance)．
2．Occupied(occupy) in his research，he didn’t have time to go on holiday to relax himself.
3．The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals(signal) that we
really have changed our planet.
4．Being a tough environment of complete darkness，enormous pressure and intense cold，the
ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
5．Some machine learning experts said the system showed China’s latest progress in voice
recognition，text-to-speech technology and data analysis(analyse)．
6．To become an astronaut，a person must have a determined(determine) will and a strong desire
to succeed.
7．The hurricane was so strong that all the passengers on board fell into the river and were killed.
8．After a spacecraft is launched(launch)，the astronaut should make sure it goes in the right
orbit.
9．Because the number of possible topics is practically limitless(limit)，we focus on a sample of
the most interesting and useful applications and tools.
10．It could even be argued(argue) that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and
appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large，polluted cities.
11．Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe.
12．Every year，poisonous waste results in major health problems，making us worried.
13．China has become the first country to land(land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon，
which is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)．
14．Space exploration helps to address fundamental questions about our place in the universe，
making(make) us have a better understanding of the universe.
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供
的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况：
1.30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2.70%的同学认为太空值得探索；
3.你自己的观点。
完成句子
1．最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
2．30%的人争辩说太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(arguethat；现在分词短语作状语)
3．70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处。(attach；result in)
4．依我看，随着地球上有限的能源耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with
复合结构；run out)
5．人们相信有了进一步的太空研究，我们有一天可能通过转移到其他行星来解决人口问题。
(It is ＋过去分词＋that...)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Humans have always been desiring to explore space.Recently，students in our class have had
a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring.
On the one hand,30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is
too far away from us and our daily life.On the other hand,70% attach importance to space
exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits ，such as using
satellites for communication and weather forecast.
As far as I am concerned，with the limited energy sources running out on the earth，we must
find new ways to solve the problem of energy shortage.It is believed that with further space
research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
语料积累 情感细节描写：震惊
shocked adj.震惊的 stun v．惊呆→stunned adj.惊呆的 amazement n．惊
愕；惊诧→amazed adj.惊诧的→amazing adj.令人惊诧的 astonish v．使惊讶
单词
→astonishment n．惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊
讶的
to one’s shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令人惊讶的是 wear a look of
词块 surprise on one’s face面带惊讶的表情 be numb with surprise/shock惊呆 a
look of surprise spread over/flash across one’s face脸上闪过惊讶的表情 toosurprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话
1.So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构)她惊愕得说
不出话来。
2.They stopped in their tracks，raised their head and stared at him in amazement.
他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊奇地注视着他。
3.A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my
story.(无灵主语句)
句型 我的同伴听了我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。
4.At the the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb.
听到他去世的消息，我太过震惊，呆若木鸡。
5.Rose froze with shock，as if rooted on the ground.(比喻句)罗斯惊呆了，好
像扎根在地上一样。
6.I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.
我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。
语料运用 ① To people ’ s amazement ，news came that all astronauts on board returned
safely，and made a breakthrough in scientific research.People all over the country breathed a sigh
of relief.②So excited was the president that(倒装结构) his throat felt tight，③unable to utter a
word(形容词短语作状语)．The news took a load off his mind.Once，the disasters made everyone
sad and disappointed，but ④the desire of humans to explore the universe never died.Scientists
and astronauts ⑤determined to carry on their research so as to make contributions to all mankind
and help people survive into the future.
令人们惊叹的是，消息传来，机上所有航天员安全返回，并在科学研究上有了突破。全国人
民都松了一口气。总统如此激动，喉咙紧绷，一句话也说不出来。这则消息令他如释重负。
曾经，灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是人类探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。科学家和航
天员决心继续他们的研究，为全人类做出贡献，帮助人类在未来生存。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
For children，space is magical—a whole world is out there，with so many things to learn and
stories to read.Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system.
Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington
This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids.It was inspired by the first
African American woman in space，Mae Jemison.It tells the story of Mae as a little girl，who
always knew she had big dreams about space.This is a great addition to a young kid’scollection，as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up.
Space by Libby Jackson
This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who
were involved in exploring space in some way，from the 19th century to the present day.This is a
perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific
achievements related to space exploration.
Chasing Space by Leland Melvin
This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut ，along with his
recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf.Kids will love reading his story about how he
faced challenges and advanced ahead，and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try，and a
section of full-color photographs.
System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar
The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space，and is perfect for kids of all ages，
exploring various planets and the solar system.Unlike other kids’ space book，this is a National
Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist.Aguilar
is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics.
1．What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common?
A．They include less-known astronauts.
B．They tell about scientists’ childhood.
C．They cover women exploring space.
D．They are suitable for children of all ages.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington部分的“It was inspired
by the first African American woman in space，Mae Jemison.”和Space by Libby Jackson部分
的“This...book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in
exploring space...”可知，两本书的共同之处是它们都涉及探索太空的女性。故选C。
2．Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments?
A．Stasia Burrington’s.
B．Libby Jackson’s.
C．Leland Melvin’s.
D．David A．Aguilar’s.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据Chasing Space by Leland Melvin部分的“...he also includes DIY
experiments for kids to try...”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被Leland Melvin的书吸引。故选C。
3．What is unique to System and Beyond?
A．It has beautiful pictures.
B．It tells about space artists.
C．It has won many grand awards.
D．It was written by an astronomer.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据 System and Beyond by David A．Aguilar部分的“Unlike other
kids’ space book...written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist.”可
知，这本书的独特之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家。故选D。
B
(2024·天津期中)
Hoping to live on the moon one day? Your chances just got a tiny bit better.Researchers found
that lunar pits and caves reach stable temperatures，making them potentially suitable for human
life.
Planetary scientists at the University of California ，Los Angeles have been doing the
research.Although much of the moon’s surface temperature ranges from as high as 260 degrees
during the day to as low as 280 degrees below zero at night，the moon has pits and caves where
temperatures stay at roughly 63 degrees Fahrenheit，making human habitation a possibility，
according to their new research.
For perspective，a day or night on the moon equals a little over two weeks on the earth—
making long-term research and habitation difficult with such extremely hot and cold
temperatures.Researchers say these stable spots could transform the future of lunar exploration and
long-term habitation.The shadowed areas of these pits could also offer protection from harmful
elements，such as solar radiation，universal rays and micrometeorites(微小陨石)．
About 16 of the over 200 discovered pits most likely come from collapsed lava tubes—tunnels
that form from cooled lava or crust，according to Tyler Horvath，a UCLA doctoral student and
head of the research.The researchers think overhangs inside of these lunar pits，which were
initially discovered in 2009，could be the reason for the stable temperature.
The research team also includes UCLA professors of planetary science David Paige and Paul
Hayne at the University of Colorado Boulder.“Humans evolved living in caves，and to caves we
might return when we live on the moon，” said Paige in a UCLA press release.
There are still plenty of other challenges to establishing any sort of long-term human residence
on the moon—including growing food and providing enough oxygen.The researchers made clear
that NASA has no immediate plans to establish a base camp or habitations there.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员发现月球上的坑洞温度稳定，可能适合人类生活，但是目前还有很多挑战，如种植食物和提供足够的氧气。
4．What did the researchers find?
A．Humans like the life on the moon.
B．People lived in lunar pits and caves.
C．Steady temperature exists somewhere on the moon.
D．Temperatures in caves and pits vary a lot on the moon.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchers found that lunar pits and caves reach
stable temperatures，making them potentially suitable for human life.”可知，研究人员发现月
球存在温度稳定的坑洞。故选C。
5．What do the shadowed areas act as protection against?
A．Solar heat.
B．Harmful liquids.
C．Universal gases.
D．Micrometeorites.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The shadowed areas of these pits could also offer
protection...rays and micrometeorites(微小陨石)．”可知，月球上的坑洞的阴影区域可以抵挡
微小陨石的伤害。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “evolved” probably mean in paragraph 5?
A．Appeared. B．Developed.
C．Hunted. D．Escaped.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Humans evolved living in caves，and to caves we
might return when we live on the moon”可知，本句前后为对照关系，所以根据后半句“当我
们生活在月球上时，我们可能会回到洞穴”可知，前半句应为“人类在洞穴中进化和演变”。
故选B。
7．Why does NASA not establish any habitation on the moon at present?
A．It has no such plans.
B．Food there tastes bad.
C．Many challenges exist.
D．There is no oxygen.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“There are still plenty of other challenges toestablishing any sort of long-term human residence on the moon—including growing food and
providing enough oxygen.”可知，NASA目前没有计划在月球建立基地的原因是还有很多挑
战。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
For a little girl growing up in Colombia ， a science career with NASA may seem
impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory
2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)．
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it? That’s
a tale of 4 written in the stars.
Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science.But she
doubted how far she’d be able to 6 in a male-dominated field.Then her dad offered to send
her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade
College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 .But she
didn’t 10 .“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
Then came another life-changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的)
woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s
Goddard Space Flight Center.
This February，when the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13
by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language 14 .
Trujillo’s own story is 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of
opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Trujillo凭借努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇
航局的工程师的故事。
1．A.astronaut B．pilot
C．engineer D．guide
答案 C
解析 根据第五段的“Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight
Center.”可知，Trujillo是一名工程师。故选C。
2．A.eager B．responsible
C．concerned D．grateful
答案 B
解析 be responsible for负责……。根据“leads a team at the NASA laboratory”可知，此处
指Trujillo领导的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。故选B。
3．A.actually B．hardlyC．accurately D．repeatedly
答案 A
解析 根据“go from simply dreaming about the universe”并结合她成为航天工程师可知，此
处指Trujillo从梦想探索宇宙变成真正地探索宇宙。故选A。
4．A.innovation B．kindness
C．passion D．sympathy
答案 C
解析 innovation创新；kindness善良；passion热情；sympathy同情。根据下文“even as a
young girl Trujillo was of her passion for science”可知，此处表达她的整个经历充
满了激情。故选C。
5．A.certain B．approved
C．afraid D．fond
答案 A
解析 根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to
exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，结合此句中的even可知，此处表示甚至在她
还很小时，就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱。故选A。
6．A.respond B．rise
C．invest D．apply
答案 B
解析 根据“in a male-dominated field”可知，在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知
道自己的努力和坚持让自己能走多远，地位能提高多少。故选B。
7．A.made up B．turned up
C．picked up D．took up
答案 D
解析 make up编造；turn up出现，调大；pick up捡起，学会；take up接受(建议或主意)。
下文“to put herself through Miami Dade College”提到她在迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示她
接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。
8．A.measures B．activities
C．jobs D．courses
答案 C
解析 根据“to put herself through Miami Dade College”可知，她给别人做家务活，也就是
通过家务工作挣钱让自己完成学业。故选C。
9．A.studies B．purchases
C．recreations D．trips
答案 A解析 根据“Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms”可知，Trujillo通过打扫浴室挣钱帮助
自己完成学业。故选A。
10．A.clarify B．fear
C．perceive D．complain
答案 D
解析 clarify阐明；fear害怕；perceive认为；complain抱怨。根据“I saw everything coming
my way as an opportunity”可知，她把遇到的一切都当作机会，所以尽管学习很辛苦，但是
她不抱怨。故选D。
11．A.applied B．admitted
C．assigned D．introduced
答案 B
解析 be admitted to被……录取。根据“Then came another life-changing moment.”可知，
Trujillo是被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的另一个转折点。故选B。
12．A.originated B．generated
C．landed D．waited
答案 C
解析 根据“on the surface of Mars”可知，此处表示“毅力号”在火星表面着陆。故选C。
13．A.accompanied B．distracted
C．estimated D．occupied
答案 A
解析 accompany 陪伴，伴随；distract 分散；estimate 估计；occupy 占据。根据“by
commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language ”可知，此
处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说。故选A。
14．A.theory B．broadcast
C．comment D．performance
答案 B
解析 根据“it was by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever
Spanish-language”可知，“毅力号”在火星着陆时，广播播报Trujillo用西班牙语所做的解
说。故选B。
15．A.career B．information
C．competence D．proof
答案 D
解析 根据“...willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars”可知，她的故事是一种证据，
表明只要越过障碍，就有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去实现远大梦想的
人。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空
China has been pushing space exploration boundaries on its own over the past three decades.It
embarked on(开始) a “three-step” strategy 1. (boost) its human space program in
1992 when 2. (construct) a manned orbiting laboratory was still a flight of fancy for
the Chinese people.
The first step was to send astronauts into space 3. ensure their safe return.The
second step was to develop advanced space flight techniques and technologies,4.________
included extravehicular(舱外的) activity and orbital docking(轨道对接)．The 5._________ (three)
step was to assemble and operate a permanent manned space station.
In April 2021，the country 6. (official) kicked off the in-orbit construction of its
space station by launching the core module Tianhe.“In the past 30 years，many technical
difficulties 7. (overcome)，such as the technologies of shuttling 8._______ space
and Earth，extravehicular activity，rendezvous，and docking，” said Yang Liwei，the
country’s first taikonaut in orbit since he 9. (enter) space with Shenzhou-5 in
October 2003.
So far，a total of 12 10. (astronaut) on four missions，Shenzhou-12，
Shenzhou-13，Shenzhou-14，and Shenzhou-15，have participated in the in-orbit construction of
the space station.
1．答案 to boost
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处应填非谓语动词形式；
结合句意可知，推进载人航天计划是实施“三步走”战略的目的，此处应用to do不定式作
目的状语。故填to boost。
2．答案 constructing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处和后面的 a manned orbiting laboratory整个
短语在时间状语从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填constructing。
3．答案 and
解析 考查连词。分析句子可知，设空处前面的send astronauts into space和后面的ensure
their safe return为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
4．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先
行词advanced space flight techniques and technologies指物，应用which引导。故填which。
5．答案 third
解析 考查数词。根据上文的The first step和The second step可知，此处与前面保持一致，
表示“第三步”，应用序数词。故填third。
6．答案 officially解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰动词短语kicked off作状语，应用副词
表示“官方地，正式地”。故填officially。
7．答案 have been overcome
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，与主语
difficulties之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；结合时间状语In the past 30 years可知，此处应
用现在完成时，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been overcome。
8．答案 between
解析 考查介词。shuttle between A and B为固定搭配，表示“(在两地之间)频繁来往”。故
填between。
9．答案 entered
解析 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，设空处在since引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，应用
动词；结合时间状语in October 2003可知，此处表示过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填
entered。
10．答案 astronauts
解析 考查名词复数。根据前面的数字 12 可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填
astronauts。
