文档内容
话题 02 日常活动
序号 体裁 主题 核心素养
1 应用文 人与社会--兼职工作 思维品质--兼职的选择
2 说明文 人与自我--注意力转换 思维品质--数字媒体对人们的影响
3 记叙文 人与自我--健康生活 文化意识--改变不良生活方式重获健康
4 议论文 人与社会--培养责任感 文化意识--做家务对孩子成长的重要性
5 说明文 人与社会---校园生活 文化意识--参与校园活动
Passage1
Summer is coming. Are you looking for a part-time job? Here are some possible options.
Lifeguard
Are you a strong swimmer and a good communicator? Would you like a challenge? We are looking for
lifeguards for our busy summer season. No experience is necessary as you will get two weeks of training
before you start the job. As well as being physically fit, you need to be available for work Mon-Fri, 7- 11
a.m.
Store assistant
We are looking for store assistants for our busy gift store. Applicants need to be reliable, friendly, and
enjoy speaking to customers. A second language is preferred as many of our customers are tourists from
other countries. The positions are part-time and you need to work from Thursday to Sunday, 10 a.m.-4 p.m.
Fashion designer
Are you interested in the latest styles? Are you creative and good at art? If so, Dresswise is looking for
a young person to create new looks for our teen department. This is a great opportunity to gain experience
in the clothing industry. You will need to work four days a week and we’ll pay you for each design we use.
We’ll also give you samples of your designs to wear.
Game tester
Are you into technology and creative? Would you like to play and test educational games and get paid
for it? This is an exciting part-time job for somebody who loves playing games. We offer flexible hours. If
this is for you, write a description of your favorite game and why you like it in no more than 150 words.
If you are interested in any of the above jobs, please contact us at studentunrion @campus.com.
1．What is a shared requirement for lifeguard and store assistant?A．Communicative ability. B．A second language.
C．Professional experience. D．A strong body.
2．Which job can you apply for if you can only work on weekends?
A．Lifeguard. B．Store assistant.
C．Fashion designer. D．Game tester.
3．What can you get from the job as a fashion designer?
A．Samples of the latest styles.
B．Payment for each of your designs.
C．Experience in the fashion industry.
D．Chances to design clothes for adults.
Passage2
I’ve been working steadily for hours now, but feel as if I haven’t even started. My attention is being
pulled from my assigned task— writing this story—by a myriad of what I believe are necessary work
interruptions.
Unfortunately, all too many of us are having such “squirrel” days, according to Dr. Gloria Mark, a
professor of informatics at the University of California, Irvine, who studies how digital media impacts our
lives. Mark explained how decades of research has tracked the decline of the ability to focus.
“In 2004, we measured the average attention on a screen to be 2 minutes,” Mark said. “Some years
later, we found attention spans to be about 75 seconds. Now we find people can only pay attention to one
screen for an average of 47 seconds.”
Not only do people concentrate for less than a minute on any one screen, Mark said, but when
attention is diverted from an active work project, it also takes about 25 minutes to refocus on that task.
How can that be? “If we look at work in terms of switching projects, as opposed to the micro view of
switching screens, we find people spend about 10 minutes in any work project before being interrupted and
then switch to another work project,” Mark said.
Yes, but then we return to the original work, right? Wrong, Mark said. Instead, when we are
interrupted on project two, we switch yet again to a different task—call it project three. Unbelievably, her
research has shown we are also interrupted on project three, and move on to project four.
“And then you go back and pick up the original interrupted project,” Mark explained. “But it’s not like
you’re interrupted and you do nothing. For over 25 minutes, you’re actually working on other things.”“However, there’s also a switch cost,” Mark added. “A switch cost is the time it takes you to reorient
back to your work: ‘Where was I? What was I thinking of? ’ That additional effort can also lead to errors
and stress.”
4．What will happen if you are having “squirrel" days?
A．You will be in a bad mood.
B．You will be writing a story about squirrels.
C．You will be addicted to digital media.
D．You will be constantly distracted from your task.
5．Which aspect of “attention” does Mark’s research focus on?
A．Its type.
B．Its lasting time.
C．Its function.
D．Its development.
6．Why is it difficult for many of us to refocus on the original task?
A．We concentrate less and less on the screen.
B．Switching screens affects working efficiency.
C．We are interrupted by some other work projects.
D．More important projects remain to be completed.
7．What is Mark’s attitude toward attention switch?
A．He considers it a good thing.
B．He thinks it has some bad effects.
C．He considers it time-saving.
D．He thinks it will cost people dearly.
Passage3
Sachin oza always seemed to catch whatever cold and flu germs were flying around. Despite being
only in his mid-thirties, he felt out of shape and out of sorts. He realized that if he didn’t make some
changes, his immune function would continue worsening with age. “I have a family background of
diabetes, high cholesterol, and heart disease,” adds Oza. “I had to take action.”
But Oza’s lifestyle stood in the way. He clocked long days working in finance in London, with little
opportunity to be active or focus on his well-being. His commute from his home in Orpington, Kent, to theoffice was stressful and time-consuming, and he was spending far too many hours stuck behind his desk.
Oza’s increasingly sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle had repercussions. In addition to catching bugs
easily, he lacked energy, his body ached, and he felt lethargic. “My immune system was really weak,”
recalls Oza. “I knew that I shouldn’t be feeling this way before even hitting 40.”
So he began a 15-year journey to examine his health fully. He conducted some changes to his diet,
introducing more raw fruits and vegetables and cutting down on junk food. He started going for runs and
began regular training, resistance training, and stretching. He also became interested in mindfulness,
practising deep-breathing and meditation.
Now 49, Oza feels like a new man. “I catch colds far less frequently than before,” he says. His aches
and pains have eased, his stress levels are lower, and he sleeps soundly. “I no longer wake up in the early
hours, which has made a huge difference in how I feel.”
There are many factors affecting the immune system that we can’t control — ageing weakens our
immune function, for example, and we have individual genetic differences that affect how we deal with
diseases.
8．What was the barrier for Oza to make changes before?
A．His immune system.
B．His family background.
C．His unfavourable lifestyle.
D．His weak health situation.
9．What does the underlined word “lethargic” mean?
A．Puzzled. B．Sleepy. C．Unconfident. D．Energetic.
10．How has Oza regained health?
A．By taking a 15-year journey.
B．By giving up his job in London.
C．By eating raw fruits and vegetables.
D．By changing diets and keeping training.
11．What do you think of Oza according to his experience?
A．Busy. B．Determined. C．Intelligent. D．Dull.
Passage4
Children should do housework. That’s a controversial(有争议的) idea, though not everyone will admitit. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us assign(分派)
housework, or say we believe in them, but the housework just doesn’t get done.
That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running
a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing
to their emotional well-being.
One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best predictor(预测) for young adults’
success in their mid-20s was whether they participated in household tasks at age 3 or 4. Those early shared
responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives.
But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of
1,000 American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet
while 82 percent reported having had regular housework growing up, only 56 percent of those with children
said they required them to do housework.
Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults
who can balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals
they choose. Housework teaches that balance.
What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you
must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it
would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to
teach kids to share the responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right
message.
12．What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A．Very few children get housework done.
B．Children are very busy with housework.
C．Housework is a must-do for parents.
D．Family members should respect each other.
13．What is found in the small study?
A．Housework helps a man live a happy life.
B．A man’s success depends on his housework.
C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility.
D．A child must start doing housework at Age 3.
14．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph?A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively.
C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for housework.
15．What is the best title of the text?
A．Adults Do Less Housework in the US B．Housework Matters to Children
C．Parents Words Speak Louder D．Children Need More Care at Home
Passage5
It’s true that participating in student organizations and campus events can be a great way to get to
know your school, make friends, build a professional network and have some fun along the way.
____16____ Read on to find ways to get involved in campus life.
Joining or starting a club may be the easiest way. Most universities have numerous student-run campus
clubs. These typically include interest-based groups (from cooking to comics) and activity-based groups
(like hiking and dancing). ____17____ And some universities do have clubs on such themes, where you
can connect with other students and maybe even change a few minds by sharing your beliefs. Check with
your Student Services Center to learn more about joining existing student organizations or the process of
starting your own club.
____18____ Not only can it help you meet more people and get involved in important campus
matters, but it’s great for your resume(简历).You’ll gain leadership skills, make connections with a diverse
body of students and be able to show in your resume that you’ve participated in central decision-making
activities.
Community service and volunteering can be really helpful in broadening your horizons. ____19____
If you aren’t taking any service-learning courses, consider looking for campus-based volunteer
organizations. Options may range from tutoring(指导) local children to helping build homes or cleaning up
neighborhood streets.
If you excel in one particular area, such as writing, then you can become a tutor or teaching assistant.
Consider offering your services to your college’s tutoring centers. Or you can work for a volunteer tutoring
organization that will match you with students who need help. You can also offer your time and services to
professors as a leaching assistant. This enables you to build connections with them. ____20____
A．Participate in student government if you can.
B．Many universities host voluntary events frequently.
C．But more often than not you have no idea how to do it.D．You have been told the secret to getting involved many times.
E．You can also stay on top of developments in your field of study.
F．Of course, you may be enthusiastic about a political or social cause.
G．More and more universities are putting them directly into the courses.
【参考答案】
1 ． A 2 ． D 3 ． C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可以兼职的选择。
1．细节理解题。通过小标题Lifeguard小标题里的“Are you a strong swimmer and a good
communicator?”（你擅长游泳和沟通吗？）以及Store assistant小标题里的“and enjoy speaking to
customers. ”（享受与顾客交谈的乐趣）可知for lifeguard and store assistant两个岗位都需要有很好的
沟通能力，故选A。
2．细节理解题。题目假设你只能申请在周末工作的岗位，那么可以定位每个岗位的工作时间，从
Game tester这段“We offer flexible hours.”（我们提供弹性工作时间。）得知，工作时间是flexible
hours，也就是可以选择周末工作的。故选D。
3．细节理解题。 根据Fashion designer部分中“this is a great opportunity to gain experience in the
clothing industry.”（这是一个在服装行业获得经验的大好机会。）可知，做时尚设计师的兼职工作，
可以获得时尚业的工作经验。故选C。
4 ． D 5 ． B 6 ． C 7 ． B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。加州大学的洛丽亚·马克博士研究数字媒体如何影响我们的生活，发
现：大多数人在工作学习中会被无数自己认为是必要的工作所打断，过着“松鼠”的日子，马克分
析了人们注意力下降的原因以及影响。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’ve been working steadily for hours now, but feel as if I haven’t even
started. My attention is being pulled from my assigned task—writing this story—by a myriad of what I
believe are necessary work interruptions. (我已经连续工作好几个小时了，但感觉好像还没有开始。我
被分配的任务是写这个故事，我（对写故事）的注意力被无数我认为是必要的工作所打断。)”，以
及第二段“Unfortunately, all too many of us are having such ‘squirrel’ days, according to Dr. Gloria
Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California, Irvine, who studies how digital media
impacts our lives. (加州大学欧文分校信息学教授格洛丽亚·马克博士研究数字媒体如何影响我们的生
活，她表示，不幸的是，我们中太多人都有这样的‘松鼠’日子。)”可知，总有这样那样的事使我
们分心，不得不停下手中的任务，有这种经历的人即过着“松鼠”的日子。故选D项。5．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘In 2004, we measured the average attention on a screen to be 2
minutes,’ Mark said. ‘Some years later, we found attention spans to be about 75 seconds. Now we find
people can only pay attention to one screen for an average of 47 seconds.’ (马克说：‘2004年，我们测
出人们对屏幕的平均注意力是2分钟。几年后，我们发现注意力持续时间约为75秒。现在我们发
现人们平均只能在一个屏幕上停留47秒。’)”可知，马克的研究集中在“注意力”的持续时长方面。
故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段“Yes, but then we return to the original work, right? Wrong, Mark said.
Instead, when we are interrupted on project two, we switch yet again to a different task—call it project
three. Unbelievably, her research has shown we are also interrupted on project three, and move on to
project four. (是的，但我们要回到最初的作品，对吧？错，马克说。相反，当我们在项目2中被打
断时，我们会再次切换到不同的任务——称之为项目3。令人难以置信的是，她的研究表明，我们
在项目3中也被打断了，并继续进行项目4。)”可知，我们中的许多人很难重新专注于最初的任务，
因为我们会被其他工作项目一次又一次打断，从而一次次切换到别的任务。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘However, there’s also a switch cost,’ Mark added. ‘A switch cost is
the time it takes you to reorient back to your work: ‘Where was I? What was I thinking of? ’ That additional
effort can also lead to errors and stress.’ (马克补充说：‘然而，转换成本也是存在的。转换成本是你
重新回到工作中所花费的时间：‘我说到哪了？我在想什么呢？这种额外的努力也会导致错误和压
力。)”可知，对于注意力的转换，马克认为这需要成本，即重新回到工作中所花费的时间，以及由
此导致的错误和失误，因此注意力的转换对工作学习有一些不好的影响。故选B项。
8 ． C 9 ． B 10 ． D 11 ． B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Oza在三十多岁时由于不良生活方式身体很虚弱，他决心
作出改变，开始改变饮食和坚持运动，通过长达15年的坚持重获健康的故事。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“But Oza’s lifestyle stood in the way. (但是Oza的生活方式成为了
阻碍)”可知，Oza久坐的生活方式阻碍着他作出改变。故选C。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Oza’s increasingly sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle had
repercussions. In addition to catching bugs easily, he lacked energy, his body ache (越来越久坐的生活方
式产生了不良影响。除了容易生病，他还缺乏精力，身体疼痛)”可知，此处是描述Oza久坐不动的
生活方式对身体造成的负面影响，由此推知lethargic意为“昏昏欲睡”。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He conducted some changes to his diet, introducing more raw fruits
and vegetables and cutting down on junk food. He started going for runs and began regular training,resistance training, and stretching.(他对自己的饮食进行了一些改变，引入了更多的生水果和蔬菜，减
少了垃圾食品的摄入量。他开始跑步，并开始定期训练，阻力训练和拉伸)”可知，Oza通过改变饮
食和坚持训练重获健康。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第四段首句“So he began a 15-year journey to examine his
health fully. (于是，他开始了长达15年的旅程，全面检查自己的健康状况)”可知，Oza在三十多岁
时由于不良生活方式身体很虚弱，他决心作出改变，开始改变饮食和坚持运动，通过长达15年的
坚持重获健康，所以他是一个有决心的人。故选B。
12 ． A 13 ． C 14 ． B 15 ． B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以“孩子要做家务”为话题，通过研究和事例，论证做家务
对孩子成长的重要性，鼓励家长督促孩子多参与家务活，培养责任意识。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many more of us assign housework, or say we believe in them, but the
housework just doesn’t get done.(我们中有很多人分配家务，或者说我们相信他们，但家务却没有完
成。)”可推断，尽管分派了家务活，但是很少有孩子真正去做。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility
in other areas of their lives.(这些早期的共同责任延伸到他们生活中其他领域的责任感。)”可知，该研
究发现做家务活有助于孩子们培养责任意识。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept
no excuses.(让孩子做家务时你应该怎么做？不接受任何借口。)”可知，作者建议家长给孩子分派家
务活时不接受孩子的任何托词，应该让孩子真正去做，行动才是关键。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“Children should do housework.(孩子们应该做家
务。)”为该文的核心话题，并在后文论述了做家务可以给孩子带来的好处。即，本文主要论述做家
务活对孩子成长的重要性，助力孩子的责任意识。B项“Housework Matters to Children(家务对儿童
至关重要)”贴合主旨。故选B项。
16 ． C 17 ． F 18 ． A 19 ． G 20 ． E
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍参与校园生活的方法。
16．根据上文“It’s true that participating in student organizations and campus events can be a great way
to get to know your school, make friends, build a professional network and have some fun along the way.
(诚然，参加学生组织和校园活动是了解学校、结交朋友、建立专业网络并在这一过程中获得乐趣
的好方法。)”和下文“Read on to find ways to get involved in campus life. (继续阅读，寻找参与校园
生活的方法。)”可知，文章接下来要讲述参与校园生活的方法。选项C“但通常情况下，你不知道该怎么做。”和上下文意思一致。故选C。
17．根据下文“And some universities do have clubs on such themes, where you can connect with other
students and maybe even change a few minds by sharing your beliefs. Check with your Student Services
Center to learn more about joining existing student organizations or the process of starting your own club.
(一些大学确实有这样的主题俱乐部，在那里你可以与其他学生建立联系，甚至可以通过分享你的
信仰来改变一些想法。请咨询您的学生服务中心，了解更多关于加入现有学生组织或创办自己的俱
乐部的信息。)”可知，接下来要介绍可以与其他学生建立联系，甚至可以通过分享你的信仰来改变
一些想法的俱乐部。选项F“当然，你可能对政治或社会事业充满热情。”和下文意思一致。故选
F。
18．根据下文“Not only can it help you meet more people and get involved in important campus matters,
but it’s great for your resume(简历).You’ll gain leadership skills, make connections with a diverse body of
students and be able to show in your resume that you’ve participated in central decision-making activities.
(它不仅可以帮助你结识更多的人，参与重要的校园事务，而且对你的简历也很有帮助。你将获得
领导技能，与不同的学生建立联系，并能够在简历中表明你参与了中央决策活动。)”可知，这一段
主要是建议学生们参与学生会。选项A“如果可以的话，参与学生会。”和下文意思一致。故选
A。
19．根据下文“If you aren’t taking any service-learning courses, consider looking for campus-based
volunteer organizations. Options may range from tutoring(指导) local children to helping build homes or
cleaning up neighborhood streets. (如果你没有参加任何服务学习课程，可以考虑寻找校园志愿者组织。
选项可能包括指导当地儿童帮助建造房屋或清理附近街道。)”可知，这里讲述大学把这类学习纳入
课程。选项G“越来越多的大学将它们直接纳入课程。”和下文意思一致。故选G。
20．根据上文“You can also offer your time and services to professors as a leaching assistant. This
enables you to build connections with them. (你也可以作为助教为教授提供时间和服务。这使您能够
与他们建立联系。)”可知，这里介绍为志愿者辅导组织工作的好处。选项E“你也可以掌握你所学领
域的最新动态。”和上文意思一致。故选E。
