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Unit5 Languages Around the World
目标导航
重点词汇 阅读单词——我会认
1．bone n．骨头；骨(质)
2．shell n．壳；壳状物
3．symbol n．符号；象征
4．carve vt.& vi.雕刻
5．dynasty n．王朝；朝代
6．dialect n．地方话；方言
7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
8．tongue n．舌头；语言
9．semester n．学期
10．pants n．[pl.](BrE)内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE)裤子
重点单词——我会写
1．billion n．十亿
2．native adj.本地的 n．本地人
3．attitude n．态度；看法
4．system n．体系；制度；系统
5．despite prep.即使；尽管
6．factor n．因素；要素
7．means n．方式；方法；途径
8．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
9．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
10．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
11．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术
12．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系
13．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
14．gas n．汽油；气体；燃气
15．petrol n．(NAmE gas)汽油
16．subway n．(BrE underground)地铁
17．apartment n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房
18．gap n．间隔；开口；差距
19．vocabulary n．词汇词汇拓展 1．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础
→basic adj.基础的
3．variety n．异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的
4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数
5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪
6．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的
7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→beggar n．乞丐
8．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平
等
9．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的
10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述
11．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系
重点词组 1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．date back (to...)追溯到
4．no matter where，who，what，etc.不论……；不管……
5．point of view观点；看法
6．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
重点句型 1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been
the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法
体系。
2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people
were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，人们
按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。
3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all
still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能
通过书写(文字)进行交流。
4．I used to get high marks in English，but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening.
过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。
5．I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language.
为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。
知识精讲知识点01 refer vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于
•refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer...to...把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as...把……称作……
•reference n．提及，涉及；参考；参考书目
in/with reference to sb./sth.关于
reference books/material参考书/参考资料
①... which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture ... ……通常被称为诺贝尔建筑奖……
②If you don't understand some words, you can refer to the dictionary.如果你不懂一些单词，你可以查阅字
典。
③She always referred to Ben as “that nice man”．她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
④Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference.把电话号码表放在电话旁边，方便查阅。
(1)单句语法填空
①In his speech, he referred ________ a recent trip to Canada.
②There are several ________ (refer) books which have been compiled to help you make your choice.
【答案】①to ②reference
(2)单句写作
①This paragraph ________________ (指的是) the events of last year.
②我们分组讨论了有关阅读的以下问题。
We discussed the following questions in small groups with ________________ the reading.
【答案】①refers to ②reference to
There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger;neither apple nor pine in pineapple.
茄子里没有鸡蛋，汉堡包里也没有火腿；菠萝里既没有苹果也没有松树。
本句中neither.nor.意为“既不……，也不……”，连接两个并列名词apple和pine。
(l)“neither..nor..”可连接词性相同的词、词组或结构，表示完全否定。如果连接两个归纳名词或代词作主
语，则谓语动词的数和nor后的词保持一致（即遵循就近一致原则）。
(2)如果neither..nor.连接两个句子且放在句首，则两个句子都必须部分倒装。
①Their house is neither big nor small .他们的房子不大也不小。
② Neither you nor I am going to do it.你和我都不打算做这件事。
③ Neither did I go to watch the football match nor did I care its result.我既没有去看那场足球赛，也不关心
它的结果。
名师点津 连接并列的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则的词/词组还有： either ...
or ... 要么……要么……； not only ... but (also) ... 不仅……而且……；not ... but ... 不是……而是……
等。
(1)单句语法填空Neither his parents nor he ________ (know) anything about it.
【答案】knows
(2)句型转换
Henry doesn't like watching movies. His girlfriend Helen doesn't, either.
→________ Henry ________ his girlfriend Helen ________ watching movies.
【答案】Neither; nor; likes
知识点2
1 base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据(教材P62)
归纳
拓展
(1)base ... on/upon ...
把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
(2)－based (构成复合词)
以……为重要部分(或特征)；以……为主
(3)basis n. 基础；基本原则
(4)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
①You're foolish enough to base_your_hopes_upon his promise. 你把希望建立在他的承诺上真是太愚蠢了。
②The theory he put up was_based_on his many years' research, so it was practical.
他提出的理论是以他多年的科学研究为依据的，因此是切实可行的。
③The government provides them with not only food and shelter, but also the basic skills for their living.
政府不仅为他们提供食物和住处，还为他们提供基本的谋生技能。
④This trend is challenging family － based traditions. 这个趋势正在挑战以家庭为基础的传统。
(1)单句语法填空
①The report is ________ (base) on facts.
②They have to have a ________ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.
③As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the ________ (base) of making friends.
【答案】①based ②basic ③basis
(2)单句写作我们昨天看的这部电影受到了高度评价，它是以一个真实的爱情故事为依据的。
____________ a true love story, the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of.
【答案】Based on
知识点3
2 variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化(教材P62)
(1)a variety of＝varieties of＝all kinds of 种类繁多的；各种各样的
(2)various adj. 不同的；各种各样的
归纳
for various reasons 由于种种原因
拓展
(3)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化
vary from ... to ... 从……到……变化不等；在……到……之间变动
①Apples come in a great many varieties.苹果的品种繁多。
②One of the advantages is that we can find a_variety_of topics such as science, culture and history.
优势之一是我们能够找到各种话题，如：科学、文化、历史。
③There are various activities that suit the tastes of different people.有适合不同人爱好的各种各样的活动。
④The importance of being an Olympian will vary_from_athlete_to_athlete. 成为奥运选手对每个运动员而言意
义不同。
单句语法填空
①The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ________ (various) from 10 to 15.
②There are ________ (variety) reasons why cancers appear to be on the increase.
③This tool can be used in a variety ________ ways.
【答案】①vary ②various ③of
知识点4
major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；
3
专门研究(教材P62)
(1)major in 主修
归纳
(2)in the/a majority 占大多数
拓展
a/the majority of 大多数……
①Sichuan is one of the major industrial bases of China. 四川是中国重要的工业基地之一。
②And if you're accepted, you can major_in anything you want. 只要你被录取了，你就可以主修任何你想学的
东西。③The_majority_of my patients come to me from out of town.大多数来找我看病的患者都是外地人。
(1)单句语法填空
①The student, ________ (major) in economics at college, made a comment on the matter.
②Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the ________ (major) of them are over the
age of fifty.
【答案】①majoring ②majority
(2)单句写作
①________________ (主要问题) at present is how to overcome all the difficulties.
②Although I didn't __________ (主修) computer, I have a lot of interest in it.
【答案】①The major problem ②major in
知识点5
Even today, no_matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they
speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
4
即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么样的方言，大家都可以用文字
沟通交流。(教材P62)
剖析 本句为复合句，前句是“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句。
(1)no matter和特殊疑问词(what/who/which/when/whose/where/how等)一起
引导让步状语从句。其中no matter how引导让步状语从句时后面紧跟形容
词或副词，然后再接从句中的其他成分，句子的语序为： no matter how＋
归纳
adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语部分。
拓展
(2)no matter how/who/where/when/what/which ... 引导让步状语从句时，可换
成however/whoever/wherever/whenever/whatever/whichever (无论多么/无论
谁/无论哪里/无论何时/无论什么/无论哪个)等。
①No_matter_who you are, you must obey the law.不管你是谁，你必须遵守法律。
②We'll have to finish the job, no_matter_how_long it takes.无论花多长时间，我们都得完成这项工作。
③No_matter_how_late he comes back, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.无论他回来得多晚，
他妈妈都会等他一起吃晚饭。
④无论你说什么都是对的。
No_matter_what you say (＝Whatever you say), you are right.
(No matter what在此引导让步状语从句，可以换成Whatever)
⑤No_matter_how (＝However) hard I tried, I failed to work out the math problem.
无论怎么努力，我都解不出这道数学题。
⑥No_matter_when(＝Whenever) you decide to go, I would keep you company.无论你决定何时去，我都会陪着
你。
(1)单句语法填空①One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________ full one's schedule is.
②I am firmly convinced (深信) that no matter ________ chances arrive, we are able to seize them as long as we are
well prepared.
③No matter ________ you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope.
【答案】①how ②when ③what
(2)单句写作
①无论谁违反法律，他都将受到惩罚。
________________________， he will be punished.
②无论我发生什么事情，我都会让你知道。
________________________， I will let you know.
【答案】①Whoever/No matter who breaks the law
②Whatever/No matter what happens to me
知识点6
5 means n. 方式；方法；途径(教材P62)
(1)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
归纳
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
拓展
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
(2)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流方式
①This is their only means of communication.这是他们唯一的交流方式。
②Students sometimes support themselves by_means_of doing part－time jobs.学生有时借助兼职工作养活自
己。
③—Can I come and have a look at your house?—Yes, by_all_means.
——我可以过来看看你的房子吗？——当然可以。
④She is by_no_means an inexperienced teacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。
(1)单句语法填空
Some researchers point out that daydreaming is ________ means of relaxation.
【答案】a
(2)同义句转换
Every possible means ________ (try), but none has worked.
→All possible means ________ (try), but none has worked.
【答案】has been tried; have been tried
(3)一句多译
惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(means)①Punishment ________________ a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
②____________________ a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装)
【答案】①is by no means ②By no means is punishment
知识点7
6 regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待(教材P62)
(1)as regards sth. 关于；至于某事
with/in regard to 关于；对于
归纳
in this/that regard 在这方面；在这一点上
拓展
(2)regard ... as ... 把……当作……
(3)regarding prep. 关于
①As_regards the war, Haig believed in victory at any price. 至于这场战争，黑格认为要不惜任何代价取得胜
利。
②We've made extraordinary progress as a society in_that_regard.在那个方面，我们的社会已经取得了巨大的
进步。
③I treasure the friendship very much, and I regard_the_friendship_as one part of my life. 我非常珍惜友谊，并
且我认为友谊是我生活的一部分。
(1)单句语法填空
①Can I regard what you have just told me ________ fact?
②I wrote a letter ________ (regard) my daughter's school examinations.
【答案】①as ②regarding
(2)单句写作
①至于薪金，请在考验本人的能力之后再作决定。
________________ salary, I leave it to you to decide after experience of my capacity.
②对于幸福我们通常有什么误解吗？
What are the misunderstandings that we usually have ______________ happiness?
【答案】①As regards ②with/in regard to
知识点8
7 character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；性格(教材P62)
(1)a leading character 主角
in character 符合某人的性格
归纳
out of character 不符合某人的性格
拓展
(2)characteristic adj. 表现特点的 n. 特征，特性
be characteristic of sb. 是某人的特点①Her behaviour last night was completely out_of_character.她昨晚的举止与她的性格截然不符。
②One may only have a character,_but may have many characteristics,_all of which build one's character.
个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征或特点，所有这些特征或特点便构成了一个人的品质。
(1)单句语法填空
①It was entirely ________ character for Rachel to put her baby first.
②The need to communicate is a key ________ (character) of human society.
【答案】①in ②characteristic
(2)写出句中character的含义
①He is the main character in the film Wondering Earth. ________
②Her husband was a man of good character, well－liked and respected by his colleagues. ________
③There are more than 80,000 Chinese characters, most of which are seldom used today. ________
【答案】①角色 ②品质 ③汉字
知识点9
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an_increasing_number_of
international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and
8 history through this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。(教材P62)
a number of意为“很多；好些”，increasing在句中修饰number，表示“不
剖析
断增加；持续增多”。
(1)number前可用good, large, small, great, growing, increasing等形容词修
归纳 饰。
拓展 (2)a number of用于修饰可数名词复数。当“a number of＋可数名词复数”
作主语时，中心词是可数名词复数，所以谓语动词用复数形式。
①A_good_number_of my classmates agree with me.我班上的不少同学都赞同我(的意见)。
②Though she is quite a popular writer, only a_small_number_of her works can be found in public libraries.尽管
她是一位十分知名的作家，但公共图书馆中能够找到的她的作品却不多。
③A_number_of_my_friends_think I should take a holiday.我的很多朋友认为我应该休假。
[易混辨析：a number of/the number of]单句语法填空
①The number of the teachers who own cars ________ (be) increasing.
②A great many college students ________ (be) sent to the poor area to help the children there last month.
③Large quantities of oil ________ (be) imported from abroad every year.
④The number of journalists invited to the party yesterday ________ 100, but a large number of them ________
absent for different reasons. (be)
【答案】①is ②were ③are ④was; were
知识点10
9 appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值(教材P62)
(1)appreciate sth. 欣赏某物；感谢某事
归纳 appreciate (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 感谢(某人)做某事
拓展 I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
①But there is something unclear for me, so I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me more information.但是我
有一些不清楚的事情，所以如果你能给我更多的信息，我会很感激的。
②I'd appreciate_your_writing me back as soon as possible.你尽早回信我将感激不尽。
③Show some appreciation for my personal growth. 对我个人的成长表示感谢。
名师点津当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从
句。
(1)单句语法填空
①On the night of the Mid－autumn Day, people gather together eating mooncakes and ________ (appreciate) the
full moon.
②I appreciate ________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③Here I sincerely express my ________ (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
【答案】①appreciating ②being given ③appreciation(2)单句写作
如果您能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。
__________________ you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
【答案】I'd appreciate it if
知识点11
1 struggle n．& vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)
归纳
拓展
(1)struggle to do sth. 艰难地做某事；挣扎着做某事
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle with/against 同……搏斗/作斗争
(2)struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
①The company is struggling_to_find buyers for its new product.该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。
②He struggled_against cancer for two years.他同癌症抗争了两年。
③You have to let us struggle_for ourselves, even if we must die in the process.你得让我们为自己拼搏，哪怕我
们会在这个过程中死去。
(1)单句语法填空
①The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled ________ his feet at last.
②To get an education, he was struggling ________ many difficulties.
③The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________ (hear)．
【答案】①to ②against/with ③to be heard
(2)单句写作
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
We have to ________________ all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
【答案】struggle against/with
知识点12
2 The_more I learnt of a language, the_more my brain would grow.我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就越发达。(教材P64)
“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”是固定句型，意为“越……，
剖析
越……”。
(1)第一个“the＋比较级 ...”相当于条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级
...”相当于主句。
归纳 (2)如果第二个“the＋比较级 ...”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级
拓展 ...”通常用一般现在时表将来。
(3)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从
句表示的程度而变化。当句意明确时，此句型结构常以省略形式出现。
①I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the_more upset I got, the_less I was able to concentrate.
我变得越来越心烦，当然，我越是感到心烦我就越难集中精力。
②The_longer she waited, the_more_impatient she became.她等的时间越长，变得越不耐烦。
③The_more you practice, the_better your English is.你练习得越多，你的英语就越好。
④The_busier he is, the_happier he feels.他越忙越高兴。
⑤The_sooner,_the_better.越早越好。
单句写作
①轮胎里空气越多，里面的压力就越大。
______________ there is inside the tyre, the greater the pressure there is in it.
②战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。
The longer the war lasts, ____________ the people there will suffer.
③你越用功，进步就越大。
The harder you work, ________________ you will make.
【答案】①The more air ②the more ③the greater progress
知识点13
1 equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的(教材P66)
归纳
拓展
(1)be equal to (doing) sth. 能胜任(做)某事
without equal 无与伦比；无敌
(2)A equals B in ...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌
(3)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地
①She was determined that she would be_equal_to any test the company put to her.她下定决心要成功应对公司
对她的任何考验。
②Not all men are equal_in ability.人的能力并不都是一样的。
③He is a player without_equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。
④Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.在教育和就业方面男女应该得到平等
的对待。
(1)单句语法填空
①I don't think he is equal to ________ (do) this kind of work. so I can't hire him.
②Learning to deal with the social world is ________ (equal) important.
【答案】①doing ②equally
(2)一句多译
尽管他年轻，但是约翰却能胜任这项重要的工作。
①Young as he was, John ____________ the important task.(equal)
②Although he was young, John ____________ the important task.(fit)
③Young as he was, John ________________ the important task.(qualified)
【答案】①was equal to ②was fit for ③was qualified for
知识点14
2 demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问(教材P66)
(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
归纳
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
拓展
demand that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事
(3)sth. demand(s) to be done＝sth. demand(s) doing 某事需要被做
①First，science graduates are_in_greater_demand than arts ones in China.首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需
求比对文科生的更大。
②She demanded_to_see the headmaster.她要求见校长。
③The policeman demanded_that the gate (should) be shut.警察要求把大门关上。
(1)单句语法填空
①They think learning English well is one of the ________ (demand) of modern society and will do good to our
future career.②My demand is that the information referred to in my report ________ (email) to Mr Brown without delay.
③My car demands/needs/requires ________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus.
【答案】①demands ②(should) be emailed ③repairing
(2)单句写作
这个季节，软饮料需求量很大。
Soft drinks are __________________ in this season.
【答案】in great demand
知识点15
3 relate vt. 联系；讲述(教材P67)
(1)relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
relate ... to 把……和……联系在一起
relate sth. to sb. 向某人叙述/讲述某事
归纳 (2)related adj. 相关的；有(亲属)关系的
拓展 be related to 和……有关的；和……有联系的
(3)relation n. 关系
have no relation to sth. 同某事无关
in/with relation to 关于；与……相比
①I had papers relating_to the children which my wife and I had to sign. 我有一些关于孩子的文件需要我和妻
子签字。
②He related_the_facts_of_the_case_to journalists.他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。
③Much of the crime in this area is_related_to drug abuse.这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
④I have some comments to make in_relation_to (＝concerning) this matter.关于这件事我有几点看法。
(1)单句语法填空
①There were officials ________ whom he could relate the whole story.
②We seek to improve ________ (relate) between our two countries.
③I think that's why so many people relate ________ her.
【答案】①to ②relations ③to
(2)单句写作
①你的作品一定要与我们的学校生活有关。
Your works must ________________ our school life.
②你能将童年的经历与现在的心境联系起来吗？
Can you ________ what happened in your childhood ________ your present state of mind?
【答案】①be related to ②relate; to语法精讲
Grammar 定语从句(Ⅱ)
单句语法填空
1．There was a time ________ Anne was so crazy about everything to do with nature.
【答案】when
2．I saw a house, the windows of ________ were broken.
【答案】which
3．Self－driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
【答案】where
4．Is this the village ________ my mother was born?
【答案】where/in which
5．The reason ________ she changed her mind is quite clear.
【答案】why/for which
6．The days ________ they travelled together meant a lot to him.
【答案】when/during which
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或
“介词＋which”。
1．指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
2．在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。
3．起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
1．when引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。
I still remember the time when_ ( ＝ in _which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
I have forgotten the exact date when_ ( ＝ on _which) this country became independent.
我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。
2．where引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state,
condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
This is the hotel where_ ( ＝ in _which) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。
3．why引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只
能引导限制性定语从句。
(2)why可以用for which来代替。
This is the reason why_ ( ＝ for _which) he left in a hurry.
这是他匆匆离去的原因。
1．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行
词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student for_whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by_which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。
They live in a house, of_which the windows are made of glass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。
2．介词的选择
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Is this the car for_which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay ... for sth.)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to_whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她
可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)
(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He brought the result with_which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
Do you still remember the day on_which we met for the first time?你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？
(on the day)
I can't remember the age at_which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age)
(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。
This is the pilot with_whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位
飞行员。
This is the pilot by_whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：
用法 依据
是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物
根据从句的谓语动词
动词则用关系副词
把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代
根据先行词在从句中所作的成分
词；作状语则用关系副词
This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)
This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)
Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago? 这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(从句
缺少宾语)
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少地点状语)
(1)单句语法填空
①I will never forget the days ________ we stayed together in the countryside.
②Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of a pet cat ________ which he's grown so fond.
③The reason ________ he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.
④The house ________ which he paid 200,000 yuan is now worth 350,000 yuan.
⑤—Are you getting on well with your partner?
—Not at all. We've almost come to the point ________ we have to separate.
【答案】①when ②of ③why ④for ⑤where
用关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”将下列每对句子合并成一个句子
①Your mother is talking to the boy. Do you know him.
__________________________________________________________________
②The factory is far away from my hometown. His father works there.
__________________________________________________________________
③I didn't come this morning. The reason was that it rained heavily.
__________________________________________________________________
④Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes. All of them were beautiful.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤You solve the problem in this way. I don't like it.
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】①Do you know the boy to whom your mother is talking？ ②The factory where/in which his fatherworks is far away from my hometown. ③The reason why/for which I didn't come this morning was that it rained
heavily. ④Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were beautiful. ⑤I don't like the way in which
you solve the problem.
写作园地
应用文写作——关于英语学习的博客
本单元的写作任务是应用文中的“博客”。英文名为Blog，为Web和 Log的合成词。博客主要是使
用特定的软件，在网络上出版、发表和张贴个人文章。博客的内容可以是个人纯粹的想法和心得，包括你
对时事新闻、国家大事的个人看法等，也可以是在基于某一主题或在某一领域由一群人集体创作的内容。
一、基本结构
分享英语学习建议的博客一般包括以下几部分内容：
1．第一部分——陈述此篇博客的主题。
2．第二部分——具体的英语学习建议。
3．第三部分——对整篇博客内容的总结或表达相关祝愿。
二、注意事项
1．写作文体：博客属于应用文。
2．主体时态：文章通常以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，也可以根据需要适当使用其他时态。
3．主体人称：人称主要为第一人称和第二人称。
一、开头常用语
1．Learning a language is a gradual process—it does not happen overnight.学习一门语言是一个循序渐进的过程
——一夜之间学不好语言。
2．English is the most important language in the world so we should learn it well.英语是世界上最重要的语言之
一，因此我们应该学好它。
二、正文常用语
1．Find friends to study and speak with. Learning English together can be very encouraging.和朋友一起学习，一
起对话。一起学英语会使你备受鼓舞。
2．Choose learning materials that relate to what you are interested in. Being interested in the subject will make
learning more enjoyable—thus more effective.选择你感兴趣的学习材料。有意思的主题可以让你学得更愉悦
——效率随之更高。
3．The Internet is the most exciting, unlimited English resource that anyone could imagine and it is right at your
finger tips.网络是最令人兴奋且不受限制的英语学习资源，一切都触手可及。
三、结尾常用语
1．Be patient with yourself. Remember learning is a process—speaking a language well takes time. It is not acomputer that is either on or off!
对自己有耐心一点。记住，学习是一个过程——说好一门语言是需要时间的，它可不像一台说开就开，说
关就关的电脑！
2．Rome was not built in a day. The same goes for English study, which is a long and difficult journey for all the
learners.罗马非一日建成，英语学习也是如此，对于学习者来说是一个漫长和艰难的旅程。
3．Be patient and persistent, especially in the initial period of study when all of the effort seems to be with no
result, do believe in that we will see the fruit of our hard work after the suffering.耐心和坚持，特别是在学习的
初期阶段，当所有的努力似乎都没有回报的时候。我们要相信，苦难过后，我们会看到努力学习的成果。
4．Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
假定你是李华，你班里有些同学在英语学习上有些困难。写一篇博客，提出一些英语学习建议，内容
要点如下：
1．收听英语节目；
2．看英语电视节目和电影；
3．多读，多讲，多练。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】
I know some classmates have trouble in learning English. Don't worry, here are some advice for your
reference.
First, if you want to improve your listening ability, you may listen to some tapes and radio programs in
English. You can also watch English TV programs or films, which is very helpful. Last but not least, try to read
aloud and practice speaking English.I'm sure the more you practice, the better you'll speak.
I believe you'll make great progress following the above advice.
总评 本文结构清晰，条理清楚，内容涵盖了题目中要求表达的所有信息，同时在遣词造句方面，使
用了多样且准确的表达，体现了作者的语言运用能力。
[亮点呈现]
(1)句型多样，非限制性定语从句which is very helpful和比较级句型the more ... the better ... 的运用，使
文章句式结构复杂多变。
(2)大量短语、非谓语动词的灵活使用，如 have trouble in, for sb.'s reference, make great progress,
following the above advice等，这使得句子表达多样化。(3)连接词的恰当使用使文章条理清楚，first, also, last but not least。
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)
1．Over the next 40 years，the world will be adding some 3 people if there are no extreme disasters.
2．As for students like us，we should have a good towards life even if the cruel reality ruins our
dream.
3．They have some supporting (系统) of these all around the world from one base to another.
4．A code uses (符号) to replace words，phrases，or sentences.
5．Williams was impressed with Benjamin and had two (经典的) books on painting delivered to
him.
6．I hope all of us can together and survive all the sufferings.
7． warming has become one of the most shocking problems in today’s society.
8．When I listen to (本国的) English speakers talking in a video，I can catch only a few words.
【答案】1.billion 2.attitude 3.systems4.symbols5.classic6.struggle 7.Global 8.native
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
9．The (major) of the students are interested in her class，which makes her happy.
10．I would like to express my (appreciate) to those who always give me timely help and
encouragement when I’m trapped by the flood.
11．All men are born ，so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the essential
demand.(equal)
12．It was a challenging and (demand) job，but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts.
13．Would you like to give a detailed (describe) of the rescue in which you saved 4 dogs?
14．I was wandering in a subway station when I saw a for food.(beg)
15．We our theory on the of practice，considering some factors.(base)
【答案】9.majority10.appreciation11.equal，equality 12.demanding13.description14.beggar begging15.based ，
basis ，basic
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写
16．我将有一个重要的会议要参加，这就是我不能和你一起去书店的原因。
I will have an important meeting to attend，and I can’t go to the bookstore with you.
17．那是一段女孩没有权利去上学的时期。
girls had no right to go to school.
18．无论走到哪里，他总是带着手机。
，he took his cellphone with him.19．听说你在学习汉语方面有困难，我写信给你一些建议。
Hearing that ，I am writing to give you some advice.
20．当听课的时候，你应该写下老师所说的。
When having classes，you should write down .
【答案】16.this is why
17.It was a time when
18.Wherever/No matter where he went
19.you have trouble learning Chinese
20.what teachers say
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Written Chinese has developed along 1. China’s civilisation.2. is difficult to say
when exactly calligraphy 3. (start)．Chinese writing was first done by 4. (carve) symbols
onto bones and shells.Some of the ancient symbols can still 5. (see) in today’s hanzi.These symbols
had become 6. well-developed writing system by the Shang Dynasty when Chinese people were
divided 7. (geography)，8. (lead) to many 9. (variety) of dialects and
characters.In the Qin Dynasty，the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction,10. was
important in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
【答案】1.with 2.It 3.started4.carving5.be seen6.a 7.geographically8.leading9.varieties10.which
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译句子并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子
为本单元的语法项目：定语从句)
When 1. to English，we know English is widely used in global affairs.No matter what kind of
English people are speaking ， native speakers have no trouble understanding the words like
“gas”，“petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants” and other words 2. the small differences
in vocabulary.But students whose mother tongue is not English are struggling with billions of words.On the
other hand，from foreigners’ point of view，Chinese is regarded as a 3. language.Firstly，the
major language which is called Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn，let alone 4. of
dialects.Secondly，Chinese characters are abstract symbols for them. The writing system , 5. back
to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with 6. meanings on bones or shells ， is like
strange pictures. However，based on the common 7. of these characters，some classic works are
still read now.Besides，calligraphy is also an art form closely 8. to Chinese culture.Both languages
are of equal importance.We should learn them well to bridge the gap between cultures.
【答案】1.referring 2.despite 3.demanding 4.varieties 5.dating 6.specific 7.appreciation 8.related
题组C 培优拔尖练
ANowadays everybody seems to think that they know English. Many people speak it but few speak it really
well. Practice is necessary in speaking English well.
Reading is also one of the things that will help you to speak English better. Read whenever you can and
whatever you like! Read papers and Internet sites that you like in English every day. Then, you will see that the
number of known words is increasing and you are able to speak with more skills. Then you will have made the foundations and a good basis of
English. It is not good to stop and get stuck there.
Going to England or an Englishspeaking country is a good choice, but many people cannot afford it. If you
cannot go, reading and speaking with your friends will also help you to practice your English. However, I think it is
very good to visit some Englishspeaking country to see and test your knowledge in everyday life. You will
understand the everyday usage of the language in its natural environment. There your level of English is going to
improve even faster. Your ability to speak English is better. Nothing can match the excitement and happiness when
a native speaker tells you that your English is very good!
Finally, in order to speak English well, you must be persistent and do it every day. It is like playing the piano. Pianists play it every day and so
should you. Include English in your life and you will see where it is going. Practice, Practice! Read, write and improve your language skills and you are on your way when you will be able to speak it
with more and more confidence！
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍英语口语的重要性，怎么提高英语口语？要多读，多练。
1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Improve Your Language Skills
B．Speaking English
C．How to Speak English Well
D．Practice, Practice!
【答案】C 标题判断题。根据第一段第二句“Many people speak it but few speak it really well.Practice is
necessary in speaking English well.”及全文内容可知，文章是讲怎么提高英语口语。故选C。
2．What does the writer suggest about reading?
A．Trying to improve your vocabulary.
B．Keeping on reading when you have time.
C．Stopping when you have a good basis of English.
D．Looking up every unknown word when reading.
【答案】B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Read whenever you can and whatever you like！”随时阅读，
喜欢什么就读什么！可知有时间要不停地阅读。故选B。
3．The main idea of the last paragraph is that ________.A．we should play the piano every day
B．speaking English is fun and entertaining
C．if we've learned to read and write, we'll certainly be able to speak
D．we should practice English every day to improve our speaking skills
【答案】D 段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“in order to speak English well, you must be persistent and do it
every day”可知，本段作者强调我们应该每天练习英语来提高我们的口语能力。故选D。
4．According to the passage, what may make the author excited?
A．Reading papers and Internet sites.
B．Having a good basis of English.
C．Going to an Englishspeaking country.
D．A native speaker's praise.
【答案】D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Nothing can match the excitement and happiness when a
native speaker tells you that your English is very good！”讲英语的人称赞你的英语真棒时，这时你是最高兴
的，故选D。
B
“Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend's
email, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.
Obviously， it is a wordbyword literal translation of the Chinese greetings with a ruled English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American
greeting. I was too surprised to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did a research on google.com. To my surprise, there are over 60
thousand web pages containing “Long time no see.” This sentence has been widely used in emails, letters,
newspapers, movies, books, or any other possible places. Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language that
Americans use daily. Ironically， if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.
Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan's
movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood movie makers successfully created a world wide famous Chinese detective named
“Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan likes to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting
Confucius. “Long time no see” was his trademark. Soon after Charlie Chan, “Long time no see” became a popular
phrase in the real world with thanks to the popularity of these movies.
Some scholars refer to America as a huge pot of stew. All kinds of culture are mixed in the stew together, and
they change the color and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic (少数民族的成员)
group in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the stew! Language is usually the first thing to be
influenced in the mixed stew.
You can have some other examples than adoptions (采用) from Chinese, such as pizza from Italian, susi from
Japanese, and déjà vu from French etc. There is a long list! Americans do not just simply borrow something from
others. They will modify it and make it their own, so you would not be surprised to find a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant, or to buy a bottle of iced Chinese green tea
with honey in a grocery store. Since Americans appreciate Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future. In this way the
American stew keeps adding richness and flavor.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从“Long time no see”这句话引发讨论，说明美国英语一直从不同文化中吸取营养。
5．The writer himself felt surprised at ________.
A．the Chinglish expression “Long time no see”
B．so many literal translation of the expressions used in America
C．“Long time no see” used as standard American English
D．finding out Americans use the expression every day
【答案】C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Later on，my friend told me that it is a standard American
greeting. I was too surprised to believe her.”可知作者很惊讶。故选C。
6．The word “stew” in the 4th paragraph probably means “________”．
A．Confucius' words
B．mixture culture
C．a kind of cooked dish
D．American changing cultures
【答案】B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“All kinds of culture are mixed in the stew together”所有的文化都
混合在一起，可知这个单词是混合的文化。故选B。
7．According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A．detectives translate the phrase “Long time no see”
B．cultures can be changed in the huge pot of stew
C．the huge pot of stew greatly affects all kinds of languages
D．Hollywood made “Long time no see” popular
【答案】D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Soon after Charlie Chan，‘Long time no see’ became a
popular phrase in the real world with thanks to the popularity of these movies.”可知，在陈查理之后不久，由于
这些电影的流行，“好久不见”成为现实世界中的一个流行短语。因此是因为好莱坞的电影，这种说法流
行了。故选D。
Ⅱ 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that
their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student, they always say, “My spoken English is
poor.” __1__ I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.
First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. __2__ However, you
can speak with a limited vocabulary, if you choose a positive attitude. Others will follow you as long as you use the
words that you know.
__3__ Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students
should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate
following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking your
aim is fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you
can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn't matter. __4__The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that
hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.
Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive (主动的) language learners. Instead of
actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to
come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. __5__
A．The person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.
B．Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary.
C．They may try to avoid making similar mistakes next time.
D．If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.
E．Second, they are afraid of making mistakes.
F．However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”！
G．The second reason lies in the reluctance of using what has just been learned.
【答案】篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何提高英语口语水平，作者给出了自己的建议。
1．F 根据空格后“I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken
English.”作者将给出一些原因来说明口语不好的问题，故此处意思转折来表示他们的口语不必一直很差，
故选F。
2．B 根据空格前一句可知，由于词汇量的限制，他们不能找到合适的单词来表达自己，承接上文，故此
处应为最好的方法就是扩大词汇量，故选B。
3．E 根据空格后“Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.”
有时候他们犯错误是由于紧张和害羞，所以此处应该是害怕犯错误，故选E。
4．A 根据空格前“even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn't matter”尽管有时
候你会用错误的单词或者时态，但是没有关系，故此处为别人会理解你的错误并且会包容你的错误。故选
A。
5．D 根据空格前“they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them”有些人被动地等待说英语
的机会，所以此处应该是如果你有这种积极的态度，无论你走到哪里，你都会发现机会无处不在，故选
D。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The first Edinburgh International Festival ___1___ (hold) 71 years ago. Its first big success came in the
following year ___2___ an adaptation of The Thrie Estaites was performed. From then on, the Festival has
___3___ (gradual) grown to become one of the most popular arts festivals in the world. As the founders of the
Festival believed, the Festival programs have enriched the ___4___ (culture) life of Britain and even Europe.
The Festival focuses on the fields of music, art, dance and theatre. ___5___ (bring) together the best artists
from around the world, the Festival has earned ___6___ good reputation, which has done much to draw the visitors'
attention to the various shows that take place all over the city.
Each year during the summer ___7___ (month), Edinburgh becomes the world's Festival City. It is the huge
range of artistic events, performances and exhibitions that ___8___ (make) Edinburgh unforgettable. It makes youfeel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are missing and ___9___ any given
night of the Festival, you can choose ___10___ (watch) “The Girl on the Sofa”， a play by Joan Fosse, and the
opera Parsifal, among many other options.
【答案】篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱丁堡国际艺术节的一些信息以及人们每年庆祝
它时的盛况。
1．was held 考查动词的时态和语态。根据表示过去的时间状语 71 years ago可知，本句用一般过去时，
又因为主语与动词hold是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．when 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the following
year，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
3．gradually 考查词性转换。因为空格后是动词grown，故空处应用副词gradually来修饰此动词。
4．cultural 考查词性转换。由于空格前是冠词the，空格后是名词life，故这里用形容词修饰后面的life，
表示“文化生活”。
5．Bringing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作方式状语，又因为动词 bring与
其逻辑主语the Festival是主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。注意：空处位于句首，首字母要大写。
6．a 考查冠词。earn a good reputation “赢得好声誉”是固定搭配，故填a。
7．months 考查名词的复数。根据常识可知，夏季一般有三个月，故此处要用名词month的复数形式。
8．makes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；分析句子结构可
知，空处所在的句子是强调句，被强调的部分是句子的主语，空处是谓语动词，要与主语“the huge range
of ...”在数上保持一致，即用单数形式。
9．on 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处指的是“在艺术节的任何一个晚上”，故用 on，表示具体的某一
晚上。
10．to watch 考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.表示“选择做某事”，是固定用法。
