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专题16 时文阅读七选五(1)-航空航天
1.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空垃圾现状以及呼吁全球一致共同清除。
重点词汇：
Launch发射；
orbit轨道；
functioning运作，起作用；
sustainability可持续性；
concept概念，理念；
financial金融的；
related to与…有关；
strategies策略；
tackle解决；
integrated结合，合并；
75 years after humans successfully put their first object into space, it’s much easier to launch a satellite, but a
lot messier once we’re up there.”____1____There are around 5000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually
working. When a satellite stops functioning, it keeps orbiting at very high speeds, making a great threat for the
useful ones.
So space sustainability has become a big concern.____2____One suggested solution is to refuel the dead
satellites and bring them back to life. Another concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite
before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up.
____3____Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough. And the world hasn’t yet reached a
consensus (共识) on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we work out
there.
First why should we keep things clean in orbit? We use satellites to check the weather, find our way around,
and for financial purposes. Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth, but also information about
climate change, natural disasters and other things that can help humans with earthbound challenges.____4____
Then how can we humans think as one big community? Governments should make powerful regulations.
Companies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical
methods.____5____Only in this way can we keep those orbital highways open for the next generation and beyond
before they are deadly blocked by space junk.
A．They provide services closely related to our life.
B．This is hard both technically and politically, though.
C．Anyway, we should quicken the pace of clearing up.D．Space is getting increasingly crowded and dangerous.
E．So we depend largely on space and it needs to be tidied up.
F．Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.
G．All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.
【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．G
1．由后文“There are around 5000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working. When a satellite
stops functioning, it keeps orbiting at very high speeds, making a great threat for the useful ones.(大约有5000颗
卫星在轨道上运行，实际运行的卫星不到一半。当一颗卫星停止运行时，它会以非常高的速度运行，对
有用的卫星构成巨大威胁。)”可知，这里主要讲没用的卫星成了垃圾威胁其它有用卫星。而D项Space is
getting increasingly crowded and dangerous.(太空越来越拥挤和危险。)符合语境，其中 dangerous与下文a
great threat对应。故选D项。
2．由后文“One suggested solution is to refuel the dead satellites and bring them back to life. Another concept is
to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up.(一个建议
的解决方案是给死去的卫星加油，让它们复活。另一个概念是用一个有四个手臂的机器人抓住一颗死卫
星，然后把它拖到大气中烧掉。)”可知，后文在讲解决太空中垃圾的方案。而F项Scientists are struggling
for strategies to tackle the problem.(科学家们正在努力寻找解决这个问题的策略。)符合语境，其中strategies
和后文One suggested solution 对应。故选F项。
3．由后文“Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough. And the world hasn’t yet reached a
consensus on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we work out there.
(在数百英里外操作机器人是很困难的。世界还没有就我们为什么要清理太空垃圾达成共识，也没有真正
的规则来指导我们如何在那里工作。)”可知，后文主要讲清理垃圾在技术和政治上面的困难。而B项This
is hard both technically and politically, though.(但这在技术上和政治上都很困难。)符合语境，其中
technically和Operating a robot以及politically和the world hasn’t yet reached a consensus 对应。故选B项。
4．由上文“Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth, but also information about climate
change, natural disasters and other things that can help humans with earthbound challenges.(太空数据不仅为我
们提供了地球的美丽图片，还提供了有关气候变化、自然灾害和其他可以帮助人类应对地球挑战的信
息。)”可知，这里主要讲太空数据对我们的用处。而 E项So we depend largely on space and it needs to be
tidied up.(因此，我们在很大程度上依赖于空间，需要对其进行整理。)符合语境，其中we depend largely
on space有承上作用，it needs to be tidied up有启下作用。故选E项。
5．由前文“Then how can we humans think as one big community? Governments should make powerful
regulations. Companies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical
methods.(那么，我们人类怎么能作为一个大社区来思考呢？政府应该制定强有力的法规。公司应该参与共同的实践，科学家应该想出切实可行的方法。)”可知，这里主要从几方面讲我们人类应该怎样做来清理
太空垃圾。而G项All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.(所有这些都已整合到我
们真正需要的解决方案中。)符合语境，其中All of these 与上文的几方面措施对应。故选G项。
2.【导语】这是一篇说明文。探索未知是人类与生俱来的，太空探索技术的发展也能帮助解决人类面临的
一些大问题，带来经济效益，创造更多工作机会，且对孩子们来说是一种激励。
重点词汇：
exploration探索；
a waste of浪费；
mission使命，任务；
motivating激励，促进；
investment投资；
incredibly难以置信地；
mysterious神秘的；
In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought soon we would be regularly
visiting other planets. ____6____ The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous.
Some people believe it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to improve our lives. Why do we continue
to explore space, then?
____7____ From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us
adventuring into new places. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the
universe. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of
adventure.
With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing mankind, making
our lives safer and easier. ____8____ Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also been set up in
the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.
Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value. The
global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. ____9____ Jobs in the space industry go far
beyond the astronauts. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers and research assistants.
Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as
a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly inspiring to witness. These moments
shape children's lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future. ____10____
A．This is clearly not the case.
B．It is in our nature to explore.
C．The universe is too mysterious to explore.D．One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.
E．It can also provide a variety of career opportunities.
F．These scientific and technological advances can benefit societies in many areas.
G．When you've seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up believing anything is possible!
【答案】6．A 7．B 8．D 9．E 10．G
6．根据上文“In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought soon we would be
regularly visiting other planets.（1969年，当尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登上月球时，许多人认为很快我们就会
定期访问其他行星）”和下文“The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous. （事
实是太空探索是非常困难和危险的）”可知，上文提到人们认为很快就可以定期访问其它行星，下文提
到太空探索的艰难，由此推知空处陈述事实并不是人们设想的那样。A项“事实显然并非如此”符合题
意，this指代上文人们的设想。故选A。
7．根据下文“From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us
adventuring into new places.（从人类出现在地球上的早期开始，我们对未知的好奇心就一直促使我们不断
探索新的领域）”可知，人类对未知的探索是与生俱来的。B项 “探索是我们的天性”符合题意。故选
B。
8．根据上文“With technologies developed for space exploration, we can solve some big problems facing
mankind, making our lives safer and easier.（随着太空探索技术的发展，我们可以解决人类面临的一些大问
题，使我们的生活更安全、更容易）”和下文“Originally applied to the space shuttle launch, they have also
been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes to protect buildings and save lives.（它们最初用于
航天飞船发射，现在也被设置在地震频率高的城市，以保护建筑物和挽救生命）”可知，上文提到太空
探索技术的发展也可以帮助解决人类面临的重大问题，而下文介绍了用于地震频发城市的一项技术，由
此推知空处举例介绍一种用于地震的太空探索技术。D项 “其中之一是地震减震器”符合题意，
earthquake是关键词，下文的they指代选项中的 earthquake shock absorbers。故选D。
9．根据上文“Although space exploration demands huge investment, it can actually bring great economic value.
The global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. （虽然太空探索需要巨大的投资，但
它实际上可以带来巨大的经济价值。全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长） ”和下文“Jobs in the
space industry go far beyond the astronauts. （太空工业的工作远不止宇航员）”可知，上文提到了太空探
索带来的经济效益，而下文则提到了工作，由此推知空处陈述它还带来了工作机会。E项“它也可以提供
各种各样的工作机会”符合题意，also 表明上下文的并列关系，选项中的 It 指代上文的 space
exploration。故选E。
10．空处位于段末，应起总结作用。根据上文“Moreover, the amazing work can provide education and
inspiration for the next generation. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon areincredibly inspiring to witness. These moments shape children's lives forever and motivate them to become the
scientists and engineers of the future.（此外，这些令人惊叹的工作可以为下一代提供教育和灵感。像航天飞
机发射或宇航员在月球上行走这样的奇迹是令人难以置信的鼓舞人心的见证。这些时刻一直塑造着孩子
们的生活，激励他们成为未来的科学家和工程师）”可知，G项 “当你看到一个人在月球上行走，你就
会相信一切皆有可能!”符合题意，与上文承接自然，选项中的 walk on the moon呼应上文的astronauts
walking on the Moon。故选G。
3.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是：园艺在离地球380公里的高空。宇航员必须经过身体、心
理和技术的训练。他们还接受了如何照料植物的培训。这些“宇航员园丁”与植物分享他们的工作和生
活空间。
重点词汇：
go through经历；
practical实际的，实用的；
circulate循环；
resistant抵抗的；
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth
Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training
in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to
grow food in space. ____11____ Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey,
only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. ____12____ Also,
plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air
inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
____13____ Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants.
This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow
down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. ____14____
Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and
grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease.
____15____ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation
costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s
population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those
billions.A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
【答案】11．D 12．F 13．B 14．E 15．C
11．根据上文“As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space.( 随着太空旅行时间的
延长，有必要在太空中种植食物。)”以及下文“Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed
for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.( 正因为如此，把长途旅行所需要的东西都发送出
去，只用一次就扔掉是不现实的。)”可推知，设空讲述有关送进太空的东西。D项“将任何物体送入太空
的成本约为每公斤22,000美元。”切题。下文中的this指代该项中的The cost。故选D。
12．根据上文“Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things.( 植物在太
空旅行中有许多用途。它们可以提供更多新鲜的东西。)”可知，它们可以提供更多新鲜的东西。再根据下
文“Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen.( 此外，植物可以帮助改善空
气质量，因为它们可以产生氧气。)”可知，此段在描述植物在太空旅行中有许多用途。设空是对用途的举
例说明，F项“宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中加入水果和蔬菜。”切题。故选F。
13．根据下文“Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants.(
由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气停留在植物周围。)”可知，缺乏重力使得植物产生的氧气停留在植
物周围。再根据下文“Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help
plant growth.( 此外，土壤太重，无法送入太空，因此使用了特殊的液体凝胶来帮助植物生长。)”可知，
本段主要讲述在太空种植植物会有困难。B项“然而，在太空种植植物也面临着挑战。”切题。故选B。
14．根据上文“Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water
doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves.( 没有重力，根不“知道”向下生长，叶子不“知道”，水也
不容易从根流向叶子。)”以及下文“Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are
used to help plant growth.( 此外，土壤太重，无法送入太空，因此使用了特殊的液体凝胶来帮助植物生
长。)”可知，设空处讲述植物在没有重力的环境下的解决方式， E项“目前正在开发专门的容器来帮助
植物正确生长。”切题。故选E。
15．根据上文“They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space,
and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. (他们正试图让植物生长得更快，在太空
中用更少的水和光生长，他们正在寻找让植物更抗病的方法。)”可知，本段讲述的是科学家的解决问题的方法。所以选项承接上文，说明这些方法的作用。C项“这样的方法可能改善地球上的植物”切题。该项
中的methods与上文中的ways相吻合。故选C。
4．【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍决定宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。
重点词汇：
factors因素；
take… into consideration把…考虑在内；
distasteful讨厌的，不合口味；
in charge of掌管；
is actually similar to与…相似；
How is eating in space different from eating on Earth?
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how
do they eat it? Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). ____16____ Providing junk food to eat, such as
potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
____17____ If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If
you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you’ll know why
the scientists in charge of a space mission(task) want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space.
Meals must be packaged carefully so they won’t spill(洒落/溢出) into the cabin (one of the areas inside a
spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. ____18____
A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
____19____ The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure
that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. ____20____ Most
foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat,
hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on
any given day.
A．Taste is also important.
B．Finally, weight is an important concern.
C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
D．Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
E．Nutrition and practicality(实用) are important things to consider.
F．For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.G．Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
【答案】16．G 17．A 18．F 19．B 20．C
16．上文“First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养).”是本段的主旨句，说明了营养是科学家在
规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；下文“Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and
pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.(提供垃圾食品吃，如薯片、苏打水和披萨，会使宇航员不健康)”
说明了垃圾食品会使得宇航员不健康；G选项“保持宇航员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务”与
本文主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的healthy与后文的unhealthy相对应，符合题意。故选G项。
17．设空句为本段主旨句，根据后文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may
avoid eating it. ”(如果提供的食物很难吃，宇航员可能会避免食用)说明了食物味道的重要性；A选项“味
道也很重要”中的taste与后文的distasteful相对应，符合题意。故选A项。
18．本段主旨句“The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be
eaten in space.”(宇宙飞船缺乏重力(拉力)也决定了在太空中什么食物可以吃，什么食物不能吃)说明了重力
也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；后文“A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would
be dangerous.”说明了刀在太空舱到处弹跳是危险的；F选项“同样的原因，锋利的刀和人在船上从不使
用”中的knife与后文的knife相对应，the same reason就是指开头的The lack (缺少) of gravity (pull) ，符
合题意。故选F项。
19．后文“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated (计算) in order to ensure that
there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. ”(必须计算航天器中每
个物体的重量，以确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全送入太空并返回地球)说明了重量也是宇航员饮
食中要考虑的因素；B选项“最后，重量是一个重要的问题”与后文的weight相对应，且finally与前文
也形成了并列关系，符合题意。故选B项。
20．后文“Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (使脱水). When an
astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.”(大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且
这些食物经常是脱水的。当宇航员准备吃东西时，就会把热水加到饭里并把它加热)说明了宇航员食物的
包装方式；C选项“食品包装要尽可能的轻”中的packing与 后文的stored相对应，light与本段的论点
weight相对应，符合题意。故选C项。
5. 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了与嫦娥五号有关的24岁的女航天发射指挥员周承钰的事，
同时也介绍了我国的“嫦娥工程”。
重点词汇：
heated激烈的，热门的；
highlighted强调，突出；
involved in卷入；referring to …as称为；
in comparison相比；
reflected on反思；
consists of由…组成；
had an effect on对…有影响；
The 24-year-old female commander(指挥员) Zhou Chengyu has been a heated topic on Weibo since the
Chinese state media highlighted her as one of the women involved in the successful launch of the Chang’e 5
lunar probe (月球探测器) on 24 November. Social media users have been referring to her as a “source of pride”
for the country. ____21____ Several people jokingly reflected on their own achievements, commenting how far
behind in life they were in comparison.
Starting in 2004, the Chang’e Programme consists of three stages: “orbiting”, “landing” and “returning”.
____22____ In December, 2013, the goal of China’s first soft landing on the lunar surface and ground exploration
on the Moon was achieved by the lander of Chang’e 3 and Yutu lunar rover. Last year, Chang’e 4 probe made the
first-ever soft landing on the far side of the moon.
The Chang’e 5 mission is China’s third successful moon landing in seven years. ____23____ If it were
successful, China would be the third country to bring lunar samples back to Earth after the United States and the
Soviet Union.
Most Chinese people know the mythological story of Chang’e, the Chinese goddess of the moon. People
can’t hear the word “Chang’e” without picturing romantic images of a moon goddess. ____24____ And so
pictures of Zhou Chengyu have been all over the state media, with comments about how she is a “front-line
soldier in the field of aerospace” and a “big sister” that the young Chinese can look up to.
However, the huge amount of interest in the native of Guizhou Province has not appeared to have had much
of an effect on her. ____25____
A．Her story in particular has inspired the public, considering her young age.
B．She refused repeated requests for interviews in order to focus on her work.
C．However, China has been trying to highlight strong female figures in the country.
D．Despite her young age, Zhou is now working at the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center.
E．Its aim is to gather lunar rocks and soil to help scientists learn more about the moon.
F．For this reason, China’s mission to the moon has been calling for a strong female figure.
G．China completed the “orbiting” stage by launching Chang’e 1 and Chang’e 2 lunar probes in 2007 and 2010.
【答案】21．A 22．G 23．E 24．F 25．B21．根据上文“Social media users have been referring to her as a ‘source of pride’ for the country. (社交媒体用
户把她称为我国的‘骄傲之源’。)”和下文“Several people jokingly reflected on their own achievements,
commenting how far behind in life they were in comparison. (一些人拿他们自己的成就开玩笑，说相比之下他
们在生活中远远落后。)”可知，A项“Her story in particular has inspired the public, considering her young
age. (考虑到她还很年轻，她的故事尤其鼓舞公众。)”符合语境。故选A项。
22．根据上文“Starting in 2004, the Chang’e Programme consists of three stages: “orbiting”, “landing” and
“returning”. (始于2004年，“嫦娥工程”分三个阶段——‘绕轨道运行’‘着陆’和‘返回’。)”和下文
“In December, 2013, the goal of China’s first soft landing... of Chang’e 3. (在2013年12月,嫦娥三号着陆器和
玉兔号月球车实现了我国首次在月球表面软着陆并探测月球地面的目标。)”可知，G 项 “China
completed the “orbiting” stage by launching Chang’e 1 and Chang’e 2 lunar probes in 2007 and 2010. (通过2007
年发射的‘嫦娥一号’和2010年发射的‘嫦娥二号’中国完成了‘绕’这个阶段。)”符合语境，在时间
上承接了上文的2004,并与下文的2013呼应，该段按时间线索展示了中国的“嫦娥工程”。故选G项。
23．根据上文“The Chang’e 5 mission is China’s third successful moon landing in seven years.(嫦娥五号任务
是中国在七年内第三次成功登月。)”和下文“If successful, China would be the third country to bring lunar
samples back to Earth after the United States and the Soviet Union.(如果成功的话，中国将成为继美国和苏联
后第三个把月球样本带回地球的国家。)”可知，E 项“Its aim is to gather lunar rocks and soil to help
scientists learn more about the moon.(它的目标是收集月球岩石和土壤以帮助科学家更多地了解月球。)”符
合语境，承上启下，选项中的aim呼应上文的mission。故选E项。
24．根据上文“People can’t hear the word ‘Chang’e’ without picturing romantic images of a moon goddess.(人
们听到‘嫦娥’这个词就会不禁联想到月亮女神的浪漫形象。)”和下文“And so pictures of Zhou Chengyu
have been all over the state media...young Chinese can look up to. (因此，周承钰的照片出现在国家媒体上，
评论说她是“航天一线战士”，是年轻的中国人都尊敬的“大姐姐”。) ” 可推知，F项“For this reason,
China’s mission to the moon has been calling for a strong female figure. (正是这个原因,中国登月的任务一直需
要一个有影响力的女性人物。)”符合语境，选项中的this reason指代上文内容。故选F项。
25．根据上文“However, the huge amount of interest in the native of Guizhou Province has not appeared to
have had much of an effect on her.(然而，人们对这位贵州本地人的巨大兴趣似乎并没有对她产生多大影
响。)”可推知，B项“She refused repeated requests for interviews in order to focus on her work.(为了专注于她
的工作，她多次拒绝了采访请求。)”符合语境，说明了出名没有给她带来很大影响的具体体现。故选B项。
