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【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单（讲案）
专题30 2023新课标II卷词汇二次开发+真题语料单句填空100例
(词性转换+识词知意+高频短语+熟词新义+单句填空) 解析版
阅读理解A篇
一、识词知意
1. backcountry n 偏远山区；
2. workshop n 讲习班，讨论会；
3. classic adj 经 典 的 ， 第 一 流 的 ；
4. viewpoint n 角 度 ；
5. breathtaking adj 令人惊叹的；
6. draw v 吸引，使感兴趣；
7. enhance v 提高，增强；
8. hands-on adj 动手的，实际操作的；
9. trail n. 小径
10. canyon n. 峡谷
二、词形转换
1. describe vt. 描述 →description n. 描述
2. create vt. 创造 →creative adj. 有创造性的
3. protect vt. 保护 →protection n. 保护
4. participate vi 参加 →participant n. 参加者
三、高频短语
1. a variety of 各种各样的；
2. a ranger programme 护林员项目；
3. compare ... to ... 将 …… 与 …… 相比
四、熟词新义
1. He drew a circle in the sand with a stick.
2. I drew my chair up closer to the fire.
3. The train drew into the station.
4. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.
5. We can draw some lessons for the future from this accident.
6. Her screams drew passers-by to the scene.
【参考答案】
1.画画, 画示意图
2.拖（动）；拉（动）；牵引
3.（向某个方向）移动，行进
4.吸引；招引；使感兴趣
5.得出；推断出
6.吸引；招引；使感兴趣阅读理解B篇
一、识词知意
1. harvest v 收获，收割；
2. tough adj 艰苦的，棘手的；
3. outnumber v （在数量上）超过，比 …… 多 ；
4. dissection n 解剖，剖析；
5. produce n （尤指）农产品；
6. distrust v 不相信，怀疑；
7. far-reaching adj 影响深远的；
8. short-lived adj 短暂的；
9. unidentifiable adj 无法辨认的，难以确认的；
10. landscape n 风景
二、词形转换
1. environment n. 环境 → environmental adj. 环境的
2. aware adj. 意识到 →awareness n. 意识
3. literal adj 真正的 → literally adv 真正地，确实地；
4. initial adj最初的 → initially adv最初，起初；
5. occasional adj 偶尔的 →occasionally adv 偶尔，间或；
6. evaluate vt评价，评估→evaluation n评价，评估；
7. initiate vt发起，创始→initiator n发起人，创始人；
8. predict vt预料； →predictable adj可预见的，可预料的；
9. different adj.不同的 →differently adv 不同地
10. calm vt 使镇静 →calming adj. 平静的
三、高频短语
1. turn soil 翻土；
2. pull weeds 拔草；
3. be scared of 害 怕 ；
4. soft drink n 软饮料（不含酒精）；
5. environmental awareness 环保意识；
6. grocery store 杂货店；
7. turn off 使厌烦，使失去兴趣；
8. be eager to do sth 渴望做某事；
9. go beyond 超过，超出；
10. have a calming effect on 对 …… 有镇静作用 ；
11. emotional control issue 情绪调控问题
12. as a result of 因为
四、熟词新义
1. Please turn off the television before you go to bed.
2. People had been turned off by both candidates in the election.
3. The jet began to turn off the main runway.
4. Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.【参考答案】
1. 关掉，截断（电流、煤气、水等） 2. 使厌烦；使失去兴趣3. 拐弯；转入另一条路4. 使厌烦；使失去
兴趣
阅读理解C篇
一、识词知意
1. image n 画像；
2. emphasize v 强调；
3. setting n 环境，背景；
4. pose n 姿势；
5. volume n 书，一册；
6. demonstrate v表达，表现；
7. treasured adj 珍贵的；
8. throwaway adj 用后丢弃的，一次性使用的；
9. transform v 使改变；
10. cover n（书刊的）封面，封皮；
11. sculpture n 雕像，雕塑品；
12. outdated adj 过时的；
13. battery-powered adj 电池供电的；
14. e-reader n 电子书阅读器；
15. activate v 激活；
16. consume v 消费；
17. monitor v 监视；
18. network v 将 …… 连接成网络
19. off-line adj. 线下的
20. track vt. 跟踪
二、词形转换
1. celebrate vt 庆祝 →celebration n. 庆祝会
2. represent vt. 展示，描绘→representation n. 展示，描绘
3. symbolic adj象征性的 → symbolically adv象征性地；
4. expensive adj.昂贵的 →inexpensive ant 便宜的
5. interact vt.互动 →interactive adj相互影响的，相互交流的；
6. increasing adj.越来越 →increasingly adv. 越来越
7. whole adj. 全部的 → wholly adv. 全部
8. total adj. 全部的 →totally adv. 完全地
三、高频短语
1. come into being 出现，存在；
2. go beyond sth 超过（或超出）某事；
3. be absorbed in sth 被 …… 吸引住，全神贯注于 …… ；
4. deep in thought 陷入沉思；
5. be lost in 陷入 …… ；
6. relate to 理解，认同；7. printing press 印刷机；
8. work of art 艺术品；
9. in one’s own right 凭借自身的资格；
10. raw material 原材料，素材；
11. communication technology 通信技术；
12. from a point of view 观点，看法；
13. in contrast to 与 …… 对比 ；
14. out of date 过时的
15. serve the function 发挥作用
四、熟词新义
1. Breakfast is served between 7 and 10 a.m.
2. These experiments serve no useful purpose.
3. She was serving behind the counter.
4. The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two.
5. He served as a captain in the army.
6. She is serving two years for theft.
7. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed,
perhaps notes written down or words underlined.
【参考答案】
1.（给某人）提供；端上2. 对…有用；能满足…的需要3. 接待；服务4. 可用作，可当…使5. 服兵役，履行义
务，尽职责6. 服刑7. 对…有用；能满足…的需要
阅读理解D篇
一、识词知意
1. balloon v 膨胀，涨大；
2. well-being n 健康；
3. park-goer n 公园游客；
4. category n种类，类别；
5. assign v分配，分派；
6. pattern n 模式，方式；
7. emerge v 出现，浮现；
8. note v 指出，特别提到；
9. encounter v偶然遇到；
10. established adj已有的，已确立的；
11. name v给……命名；
12. professional n 职业选手，专业人士；
13. downtown n 商业区，市中心；
14. domestic adj 家用的，家庭的；
15. generate v创造，生产；
16. phenomenon n现象；
17. overpopulated adj人口过多的；
18. feature n特征，特点；19. enhance v增强；
二、词形转换
1. grow vt. 成长 →growth n. 生长
2. relative adj 相对的 →relatively adv 相对地，比较而言；
3. submit v 提交 →submission n 提交的文件、建议等；
4. interact vt 交流，互动→ interaction n 交流，互动；
5. perform vt. 表现 →performance n业绩，表现
6. conserve vt. 保护 →conservation n. 保护
7. use vt.使用 →usable adj. 可使用的
三、高频短语
1. pocket park 袖珍公园；
2. focus on 集中于，聚焦于；
3. lunch break 午休；
4. interact with 与……相处；
5. gain access to sth进入某地；
6. environmental conservation 环境保护
阅读理解七选五
一、识词知意
1. study n试画，习作；
2. springboard n基础，出发点；
3. complex ad j 复杂的 ；
4. life n（绘画的）模特，实物；
5. landscape n 风景，风景画；
6. post v 发布；
7. crucial adj 至关重要的，关键性的；
8. harvest v收获；
9. hit v 遇到困难；
10. roadblock n 障碍；
11. evaluate v评估，评价；
12. redefine v重新定义，使重新考虑；
二、词形转换
1. follow vt. 跟随 →follower n 粉丝，关注者；
2. construct vt. 建设 →constructive adj积极的；
3. discourage vt. 使泄气 →discouraged adj 灰心的，丧气的；
4. repeat vt. 重复 →repetition n 重复
5. unfortunate adj. 不幸的 → u nfortunately adv.不幸地
6. inspire vt. 使激励 →inspiration n. 激励；灵感
三、高频短语
1. still life 静物画（pl still lifes）；
2. social media 社交媒体；
3. put together 整理出；4. look back on 回忆，回顾；
5. paint from life 实物写生；
6. challenge sb to do sth 激励某人做某事；
7. take on / up challenges 接受挑战；
8. in turn 相应地，转而；
9. comfort zone 舒适区；
10. set goals 制订目标
四、熟词新义
1. The sleeves covered his hands to the tips of his fingers.
2. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
3. The old man has got a walking stick with a rubber tip.
4. Here are some handy tips for buying a computer.
5. He gave the waiter a generous tip.
【参考答案】
1. 尖端；末端2.小贴士3. 部件4. 建议；小提示5. 小费
完形填空
一、识词知意
1. post n网上帖子；
2. tell v看出，确切地判断；
3. schedule n 日程安排；
4. coworker n 共同工作者，同事；
5. trust v期望，希望；
二、词形转换
1. transport vt. 运输 →transportation n运输；
2. desperate adj. 迫切的 →desperately adv 非常；
3. temporary adj. 暂时的 →temporarily adv. 暂时；
4. original adj. 起初的 →originally adv 起初，原来；
4. avoid adj. 可避免的→unavoidable adj 无法避免的；
5. eventful adj. 事情多发的→uneventful adj平淡的，平静的；
6. sympathy n. 同情 →sympathetic adj 同情的
三、高频短语
1. make it 做到；成功；
2. on a tight budget 预算紧张；
3. can’t afford to do sth做不起某事；
4. see off 为 …… 送行 ；
5. hand over 移交，交出；
6. pick up 中途搭（人），中途带（货）；
7. work out 进展顺利；
8. take off 开始成功；
9. load … into … 把 …… 装进 ……
10. speed up 加速11. It happened that…碰巧……
四、熟词新义
1. I work out regularly to keep fit.
2. Things have worked out quite well for us.
3. Can you work out what these squiggles mean?
4. I've worked out a new way of doing it.
5. I could tell this was hard for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out.
【参考答案】
1. 锻炼身体；做运动2. 成功地发展；进展顺利3. 解决问题4. 计划；思考5. 成功地发展；进展顺利
语法填空
一、识词知意
1. questioning adj. 质疑的
2. zookeeper n. 饲养员
二、词形转换
1. comfort n. 舒服 →comfortable adj.舒服的
2. confidence n. 信心 → confiden t adj. 有信心的
3. instruct vt.指导 →instruction n. 指导；说明
4. tour vt. 旅游 →tourist n. 游客
5. journalism n. 记者行业 →journalist n.记者
6. basic adj. 基础的 →basically adv. 基础地
7. indirect adj. 间接的 → indirect ly adv. 间接地
三、高频短语
1. figure out 理解；明白
2. check on 检查
3. settle into 入住
2023年新高考II卷语料单句语法填空100例
阅读理解A篇
1. Yellowstone National Park offers a ___________(vary) of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the
year.
2. The following are ___________(describe) of the ranger programs this summer.
3. ___________ you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), or just enjoying the park’s ___________(amaze) wildlife
from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family.
4. Learn where to look for animals and how to ___________(safe) enjoy your wildlife watching experience.
5. Kids can test their skills ___________ compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone.
6. From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon while ___________(learn)
about the area’s natural and human history.
7. Discover why artists and photographers continue ___________(draw) to this special place.
8. Meet on ___________ lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.9. Join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and ___________(create) ways of
enjoying the ___________(beautiful) and wonder of Yellowstone.
10. Which of the four programs begins the ___________(early)?
【答案】
1. variety 2. descriptions 3.Whether, amazing 4. safely 5. and 6. learning 7. to be drawn/being drawn 8.
the 9. creative, beauty 10. earliest
阅读理解B篇
11. Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound___________ tough work for middle and high school
kids.
12. And ___________ is Abby Jaramillo who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, ___________ school garden
program at four low-income schools.
13. The program aims ___________(help) students develop science skills, environmental ___________(aware), and
healthy lifestyles.
14. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods ___________ fresh food and green space are not easy
___________(find) and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.
15. “The kids ___________(literal) come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says.
16. Though some are ___________(initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager
___________(try) something new.
17. Urban Sprouts’ classes include hands-on ___________(experiment) such as soil testing, flower-and-seed
dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden.
18. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables ___________they grow, and they ___________(occasion) make
salads for their entire schools.
19. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a ___________(consequent) of the classes.
20. “ We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating
___________(different),” Jaramillo says.
21. Some students get ___________ interested in gardening that they bring home seeds___________(start) their own
vegetable gardens.
22. Besides, working in the garden ___________(seem) to have a ___________(calm) effect on Jaramillo’s special
education students, many of ___________ have emotional control issues.
23. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? She is ___________ initiator of Urban Sprouts.
24. What was a problem ___________(face) Jaramillo at the start of the program?
【答案】
11. like 12. it, a 13. to help, awareness 14. where, to find 15. literally 16. initially, to try 17. experiments
18.that/which, occasionally 19. consequence 20. differently 21. so, to start 22. seems, calming, whom 23. an
24. facing
阅读理解C篇
25. Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a ____________(celebrate) of an everyday object — the book,
____________(represent) here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.
26. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came
____________being.27. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of ____________(share) humanity that go beyond
culture and time.
28. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way ____________ emphasizes these connections
between different eras ____________ cultures.
29. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for
____________(relation) between the generations.
30. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —___________(absorb) in a volume, deep in thought
or _________(lose) in a moment of leisure.
31. These scenes may ____________(paint) hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate
____________.
32. Books themselves may be used ____________(symbolic) in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or
faith of the subject.
33. As books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them ____________ the raw material for
artworks —____________(transform) covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
34. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page
____________(outdate).
35. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, ____________ it remains as interactive
____________ any battery-powered e-reader.
36. To serve its function, a book must ____________(activate) by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the
contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words ____________(underline).
37. In contrast to our ____________(increasing) networked lives, a printed book still offers the chance of a
____________(whole) private, “off-line” activity.
【答案】
25. celebration, represented 26. into 27. shared 28. that/which, and 29. relations 30. absorbed, lost 31.
have been painted, to 32. symbolically 33. as, transforming 34. outdated 35.but, as 36.be activated,
underlined 37.increasingly, wholly
阅读理解D篇
38. As cities balloon with ____________(grow), access to nature for people ____________(live) in urban areas is
becoming harder to find.
39. If you’re lucky, ____________ might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city
____________ are relatively wild.
40. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for __________ (human), but a new study shows
that wildness in urban areas is ____________ (extreme) important for human well-being.
41. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, ____________(ask) them to submit a __________(write) summary
online of a meaningful interaction they had ___________ nature in the park.
42. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding ( 编 码 ) experiences into different
____________(category).
43. For example, one ____________(participant) experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a
while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
44. Across the 320 ____________(submission), a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to
emerge.45. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to
____________(visitor).
46. These include ____________(encounter) wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established
trail.
47. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, ____________ helps people recognize and take part in
the activities ____________ are most satisfying and meaningful to them.
48. For example, the experience of ____________(walk) along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young
professional on a weekend hike in the park.
49. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this ____________(interact) by
walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
50. “We’re trying ____________(generate) a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our
daily lives.” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
51. “And for that to happen, we also need ____________(protect) nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter
Kahn, a senior author of the study.
52. What phenomenon does the author describe at the ____________ (begin) of the text?
【答案】
38. growth, living 39. there, that/which 40. humans, extremely 41. asking, written, with 42. categories 43.
participant’s 44. submissions 45. visitors 46. encountering 47. which, that/which 48. walking 49.
interaction 50. to generate 51. to protect 52. beginning
阅读理解七选五
53. As an artist who ___________(share) her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers
___________ to begin an art journey.
54. ___________(fortunate), there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, ___________ it was like to be a
complete beginner.
55. So I’ve put together some good ___________(tip) for starting an art journey.
56. ▪Start small. I suggest ___________(use) a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies.
57. These small studies provide ___________(inspire) and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.
58. Don’t throw away your beginner art. You’ll want to look back on your journey ___________(see) how far you’ve
come.
59. ▪Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve___________ to put in those brush miles.
60. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, ___________ landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.
61. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with ___________(repeat).
62. ▪Continually challenge ___________(you) to try something new.
63. Get out of your comfort zone. ___________(artist) growth can be a bit painful.
64. Welcome ___________ the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges.
65. I once took up a challenge ___________(create)to create a painting every day for a month and post the works
online.
66. Seeking and accepting___________(construct)constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.
67. I post my work on social media and, ___________in turn, have met some of the kindest people.
68. They make me feel ___________(value) valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
69. The journey ___________you’re on won’t follow a straight path.
70. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel ___________(discourage) at times.71. Push through, give it time and put in the effort and you ___________ (harvest) the rewards of an artistic life.
72. Evaluate your __________(perform) and, if needed, redefine your role.
【答案】
53. shares, how 54. Unfortunately, what 55. tips 56. using 57. inspiration 58. to see 59. than 60. or 61.
repetition 62. yourself 63. Artistic 64. to 65.66.67.68.69.that/which 70. discouraged 71. will harvest 72.
performance
完形填空
73. In April last year, I___________(see) a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka.
74. They had to move to Virginia but they were ___________ a very tight budget.
75. They could not afford ___________(pay) for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and ___________(desperate)
wanted to take her with them.
76. ___________ just happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, ___________ offered
to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.
77. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to pick _________ Tiffy.
78. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, ___________ I could tell this was hard for him, ___________(have)
to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out.
79. I promised ___________(take) care of Tiffy and call them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
80. The flight was uneventful, ___________ Tiffy was a great passenger.
81. The next day, she ___________(fly) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.
82. He was so ___________(thank) and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.
83. It felt great to know that I ___________(help) bring this family together again.
【答案】
73. saw 74. on 75. to pay, desperately 76. It, who 77. up 78. but, having 79. to take 80. and 81. flew 82.
thankful 83. had helped
语法填空
84. Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a ____________(question) look.
85. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who ____________(exact) I teach…the animals?
86. Since June 2017, right before the ____________(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have
been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ____________(confidence) speaking English.
87. And who do they speak English ____________? Not the pandas, even though the language ___________(use)
used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
88. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ____________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to
check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
89. They also need to be ready to give ____________(interview) in English with international journalists.
90. This is ____________ they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning?
91. ____________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop
____________ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
92. As a little girl, I ____________(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
93. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda ____________(keep) do their job in English.
【答案】
84. questioning 85. exactly 86. arrival，confident 87. with, used 88. visiting 89. interviews 90. why 91.Basically, and 92. wished 93. keepers
读后续写阅读材料
94. Writing was ____________ difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me ____________(present)
my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, ____________ I played all the parts.
95. So, why did he suddenly force me ____________(do) something at which I was sure to fail?
96. His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing ____________(apply) yourself, I think you have a good
shot at this.”
97. ____________(encourage) by his words, I agreed to give it ____________ try.
98. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who ____________(ride) a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to
Lexington ____________(warn) people that British soldiers were coming.
99. When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, ____________(laugh) out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it
again.”
100. When I finally finished it, the ____________(think) of winning had given way ____________ the enjoyment of
writing.
【答案】
94. so, to present, where 95. to do 96. to apply 97. Encouraged, a 98. rode, to warn 99. laughed 100.
thought, to
