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2024 年高考英语一轮复习测试卷二（北京卷）
本试卷共100分。考试时长100分钟
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上
将该选项涂黑。
(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)
I glanced to my left and right as I got ready at the starting line. The sight of other competitors who had
confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps and I was even more ___1___ than before.
“On your mark, get set... Go!” shouted the race official. I pushed myself forward with all my ___2___ and
started running as though a pride of man-eating lions were coming after me. As I ran, I could see the other
competitors catching up with me. All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees. A hundred pairs of eyes bored into me,
watching me ___3___ to get up. But no matter how hard I tried, I just could not do it.
“No, it cannot end like this. I have to ___4___ this race.” I thought to myself. However, the pain from my
injury was so unbearable that I felt totally ___5___. I really wanted to give up.
Out of despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.
“Thank you...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shoulder for support, and I ___8___ forward. The crowd cheered at this brilliant display of
___9___. Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.
Even though I never got the chance to learn her name, I will always remember her as the one who stepped
forward to help me when I was in _____10_____.
1. A. tired B. confused C. nervous D. regretful
2. A. joy B. might C. trouble D. shame
3. A. attempt B. hesitate C. wait D. pretend
4. A. organize B. evaluate C. appreciate D. complete
5. A. defeated B. inspired C. shocked D. relaxed6. A. waved B. extended C. showed D. pointed
7. A. proudly B. cautiously C. awkwardly D. gratefully
8. A. moved B. fell C. bent D. looked
9. A. partnership B. sportsmanship C. leadership D. friendship
10. A. anger B. doubt C. need D. silence
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。
就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这
个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
1考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙
瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. confused困惑的；C. nervous紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根
据前文“The sight of other competitors who had confident and fierce-looking faces got me goose bumps”可知，
此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
2考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. joy高
兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. trouble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可
知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
3考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B.
hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All of a sudden, I fell down on my knees.”可知，此
处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
4考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. organize
组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. complete完成。根据前文“No, it cannot end
like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
5考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated
泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“However, the
pain from my injury was so unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted to give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我
是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
6考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延
伸，伸出；C. showed展示；D. pointed指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，
此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
7考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A.proudly骄傲地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind
competitor ___6___ her hand to me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着
谢谢，故选D。
8考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. moved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent
弯腰；D. looked看。根据后文“Together, both of us crossed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩
膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
9考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B.
sportsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Together, both of us crossed
the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选
B。
10考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上
前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. doubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out of
despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind competitor ___6___ her hand to me.”可知，此处指她在
我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
（2023届北京市东城区高三一模）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On a particular sunny day, little Mykel was determined to learn to ride his bike without the help of training
wheels. When the neighborhood kids ____11____ (spot) Mykel shakily controlling his bike, they raced over
____12____ (help). Some held the bike steady while others offered encouragement. Mykel was not alone as he
tried to reach his goal of learning to ride his bike! Some things are ____13____ (easy) said than done. However,
with a little help from friends, things go better!
【答案】11. spotted 12. to help 13. easier
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。
11考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮
忙。根据上文的时间状语“On a particular sunny day”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事
情，应用一般过去时，故填spotted。
12考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填tohelp。
13考查形容词比较级。句意：有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级。故填
easier。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Renewable methods for ____14____ (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only
provide power on the days ____15____ wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries ____16____ (use) to store
energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts
unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500℃. The sand stays hot for months; when
energy ____17____ (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that
supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.
【答案】14. producing 15. when 16. used 17. is required
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。
14考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子
里提供电力。空前为介词for，故空处需要填动名词doing的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填producing。
15考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里
提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表
和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。
16考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没
有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定
语。故填used。
17考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客
观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be done
的形式。故填is required。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The idea of writing a poem might feel frightening ____18____ (initial)—do you need to follow a certain
structure, does it need to have a rhyme, or do you need to have recited a dictionary to be a “proper” poet? The truthis: absolutely not. While there are “types” of poem that offer structure to serve ____19____ a guide, the reality is
that poetry doesn’t have to follow a set of rules—it’s much more about conveying a feeling, and that opens up a lot
of creative ____20____ (free) for us to explore.
【答案】18. initially 19. as 20. freedom
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了写诗让人害怕的原因，并解释道，诗歌不需要遵循“死板”
的规则。
18考查副词。句意：一开始写诗的想法可能会让人害怕——你是否需要遵循某种结构，它是否需要押韵，
或者你是否需要背诵一本字典来成为一个“合适的”诗人？分析句子可知，空处去掉后不影响理解，故需
要填副词的形式作状语。故填initially。
19考查固定短语。句意：虽然有一些“类型”的诗歌提供了结构作为指导，但现实是，诗歌并不一定要遵
循一套规则。固定短语serve as表示“用作；充当；作为”，符合句意。故填as。
20考查名词。句意：它更多的是传达一种感觉，这为我们开辟了许多创作的自由，供我们探索。creative
为形容词表示“创新的；创作的”，a lot of表示“很多”，故空处需要填名词。故填freedom。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三一模)
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Youth Forum is an annual initiative of the President of the
Council. It has developed into a key platform where young people can contribute to policy discussions at the United
Nations (UN). This year’s Youth Forum will take place from 25 to 27 April, 2023.
·Objectives
The Forum aims to engage young people in a dialogue with Member States, policymakers and other actors to
voice their views and inspire actions on how to transform the world into a better place guided by the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). Participants will also have the opportunity to contribute to the preparatory process of
the SDG Summit.
The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the COVID-19 and the full
implementation (实施) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It will also review progress in the areasof affordable and clean energy, and sustainable cities and communities, ete.
· Format
The three-day event will feature plenary (全体出席的) sessions and regionally based discussions, with the last
day designed for the preparation of the 2023 SDG Summit. Talented youth speakers will deliver short presentations
in between sessions.
Participation in the Forum is by invitation only. The youth participants are selected by National Youth
Councils, regional youth organizations, etc.
The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person and virtual participation.
Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.
· The voices from last year’s participants
2022 Forum Participants Takeaway! 2022 Forum Participants’ Advice!
“The Youth Forum gave me the opportunity to “Using sources the team provides will increase the
discover the skills required to master public efficiency and effectiveness of completing tasks. I also
speaking. The time management is challenging but strongly advise them to be open to hearing everyone’s
we finished all tasks even with a tight schedule.” different opinions from an objective point of view.”
21. The ECOSOC Youth Forum 2023 will________.
A. discuss the global recovery issue B. select the youth leaders for the UN
C. set goals for sustainable development D. gather young people to build a platform
22. According to the passage, the young participants can ________.
A. register to join in the Forum personally B. give brief speeches in plenary sessions
C. take part in the event online and offline D. attend the SDG Summit after the Forum
23. What is the advice from 2022 participants?
A. To be willing to consider various voices. B. To make time arrangements a top priority.
C. To master public speaking skills in advance. D. To be efficient with the help of policymakers.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A
【解析】本文是篇应用文。文章主要介绍了即将举办的2023年ECOSOC青年论坛的相关信息和内容。
21细节理解题。根据第三段“The 2023 Forum will address the theme on speeding up the recovery from the
COVID-19 and the full implementation (实施) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.”（2023年论坛
的主题是加快从2019冠状病毒中复苏和全面落实2030年可持续发展议程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年论
坛将会讨论全球从新冠病毒中复苏的问题。故选A。
22细节理解题。根据第六段“The event will be held in a mixed way allowing for opportunities for in-person andvirtual participation. Participants will also be able to ask questions via social media.”（该活动将以一种混合的方
式举行，允许面对面和虚拟参与的机会，参与者还可以通过社交媒体提问）可知，参加者可以在线上和线
下参加这次活动。故选C。
23细节理解题。根据最后一段“I also strongly advise them to be open to hearing everyone’s different opinions
from an objective point of view.”（我还强烈建议他们从客观的角度听取每个人的不同意见）可知，2022年
的参加者还建议该活动愿意听取各种不同的声音，考虑各方面不同的意见。故选A。
B
(2023届北京市丰台区高三一模)
This was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime.
“I think your aunt has forgiven me at last,” her father said as he passed the letter across the table.
Jessie looked first at the autograph(签名). It seemed strange to see her own name there. There was a likeness
between her aunt’s autograph and her own, a hint of the same decisiveness and precision. If Jessie had been
educated fifty years earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner.
“You’re very like her in some ways,” her father said, as she still stared at the autograph.
“I should think you must almost have forgotten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear,” she said. “How many years is
it since you last saw her?”
“More than forty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself on
being so modern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altogether beyond me, I admit.”
“And so it seems that she wants to see me.” Jessie straightened her shoulders and lifted her head. She was
excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. Sometimes she had
wondered if the personality of this remarkable relative had not been a figment(虚构) of her father’s imagination.
But this letter of hers that now lay on the breakfast table was admirable in character. There was something of
intolerance expressed in its tone. It was just like what her father had told her.
Mr. Deane came out of his past memories with a sigh.
“Yes, yes; she wants to see you, my dear,” he said. “I’ve heard she has set up a school and helped many
youngsters. I think you had better accept this invitation to stay with her. If she took a fancy to you, you could get a
better education…”
He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness...
25. How was the relationship between Jessie’s father and her aunt?A. It remained very close over the years. B. It was broken when they were young.
C. It got tenser due to a misunderstanding. D. It was uneasy for their financial differences.
26. From the passage, we know Jessie was .
A. eager to meet her aunt. B. cautious about her aunt’s invitation
C. angry with her aunt for ignoring her family. D. puzzled by her aunt’s sudden interest in her
27. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Jessie’s aunt promised to offer her better education.B. Jessie’s aunt’s personality seemed to change a lot.
C. Jessie and her aunt were different in personality. D. Jessie’s father felt sorry for what he had done.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的姑姑与父亲因为分歧，多年未见面。父亲收到了姑姑的来信，
父亲很悔恨，并打算将作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。
24推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This was the first communication that had come from her aunt in Jessie’s
lifetime. (这是Jessie生命中第一次与姑姑的联系。)”以及文章第六段““More than forty,” her father said.
“We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. (父亲说道：“四十多年了。我们有分歧，我们总是有分歧”。)”可
知，作者的父亲和姑姑已经四十多年没见面了，故他们的关系在年轻的时候就破裂了，故选B。
25细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she
had so often heard about. (一想到能见到这个她经常听说的神奇的姑姑，她就激动不已。)”可知，Jessie很渴
望见到姑姑，故选A。
26细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was
regretting his own past weakness... (父亲再次叹气，d Jessie知道，父亲已经为自己过去的软弱后悔了几百次
了……)”可知，作者的父亲为之前的软弱感到悔恨，因此父亲是为之前的所做的事情感动后悔，故选D。
C
(2022届北京市顺义区高三一模)
It has always been horrible for me to picture my life in old age. My recent visits to the senior care center,
however, eased some of my fears and provided valuable food for thought.
Looking for meaningful ways to spend my weekends after my exams, I signed up to a program of arts and
crafts for the elderly run by my schoolmates. I was informed that the Renci Nursing Home, where the program
would be held, housed some of the less fortunate elderly in Singapore. Some background research gave me the
impression that many of them suffered from physical issues and had little family support. As a result, I expected theatmosphere there to be discouraging. And, judging by the lack of interest in the painting activities, I truly sensed a
feeling of purposelessness there. Given that we live in a society in which the bonds between the generations are
weakening, perhaps the disappointing atmosphere in the home wasn’t surprising. The people were cut off from the
ties that make life meaningful.
Is it safe to say then that our lives after retirement will likely feel aimless? But after I spoke to a Portuguese-
Chinese man, I thought that this wasn’t necessarily so. At the age of 90, he displayed a surprisingly strong sense of
control over his life. His liveliness was exceptional among the elderly population in the home. He had spent his life
either traveling around the world as a backpacker, or working hard in Singapore to save up for his trips. He had
made it a rule to learn foreign languages, exercise and eat healthily — something he continued to do during his stay
in the nursing home.
While he spoke to me about how his time in London had shaped his view of cultural difference. I looked into
his eyes. I knew that this was the kind of control over life that I wanted for myself. I don't want to spend half of my
time wandering about in foreign countries like he did, but I do want to appreciate the richness that life has to offer.
27. Why did the author go to the Renci Nursery Home?
A. Because it was run by his schoolmates. B. Because he meant to learn arts and crafts.
C. Because he wanted a significant weekend. D. Because it housed some less fortunate elderly.
28. Before the author entered the nursing home, he thought it was_______.
A. a place filled with depressions B. a place solving physical problems
C. a place full of impressive activities D. a place connecting different generations
29. What mainly helped the author change his attitude toward old age?
A. The hard work of the elderly. B. The liveliness of an old man.
C. The view of cultural difference. D. The care of the nursing home.
30. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Caring for the Elderly. B. Living by His Own Law.
C. Traveling on Our Way D. Preparing for the Old Age.
【答案】27. C 28. A 29. B 30. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想象自己晚年的生活会是一件可怕的事，然而，在去了老年护
理中心以后，缓解了恐惧并对生活充满了感激。
27细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Looking for meaningful ways to spend my weekends after my exams, I
signed up to a program of arts and crafts for the elderly run by my schoolmates. （考试后，为了寻找有意义的方
式来度过我的周末，我报名参加了一个由我的同学为老年人开办的艺术和手工艺项目）”可知，作者去the Renci Nursery Home是为了寻找有意义的方式来度过周末。故选C。
28细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“As a result, I expected the atmosphere there to be discouraging. （因此，
我预计那里的气氛会是令人沮丧的）”可知，作者在进入养老院之前，认为那里的气氛是令人沮丧的。故
选A。
29细节理解题。根据第三段“But after I spoke to a Portuguese-Chinese man, I thought that this wasn’tt
necessarily so. At the age of 90, he displayed a surprisingly strong sense of control over his life. His liveliness was
exceptional among the elderly population in the home. （但当我和一个葡萄牙华裔男子交谈后，我觉得情况并
非如此。在90岁的时候，他表现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感。他在这个家里的老年人中特别活
泼）”可知，是一个活泼的90岁老年人让作者改变了他对老年的态度。故选B。
30主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者在养老院遇到一位90高龄，但仍然充满活力的老人，结
合第三段“At the age of 90, he displayed a surprisingly strong sense of control over his life.（在90岁的时候，
他表现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感）”和最后一段“I knew that this was the kind of control over
life that I wanted for myself.（我知道这就是我想要的那种对生活的控制）”可知，老人对生活的控制，即
“做自己人生的主人”，这种生活态度让作者推崇备至，这也是作者想表达的主题，所以B项“按自己的
法则生活”是最佳标题。故选B。
D
(2023届北京市石景山区一模)
Many of us may experience dinner-table debates. One common scene plays out as follows. You want to
convince a friend or a family member of something you know they may disagree, and you share information and
walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your case. How do you react when your powers of
persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or
otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel like trying to guide someone on a journey when
they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion fatigue, to describe this form of frustration (懊
恼).
Persuasion fatigue may make it harder to successfully keep challenging conversations. Past research
demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that
frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your arguments don’t succeed. Persuasion fatigue also
explains why, when debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent. As Mark Twain once
wrote, “In all matters of opinion, our opponents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, people generally reportedthree times as many reasons why others’ faults led to failed debates rather than their own shortcomings. It is true
that others are not always open to your ideas. Ending the discussion can therefore be the right thing to do. But in an
overheated debate, your fatigue may lead you to misinterpret the situation and believe that your opponent is too
stupid to see the truth. Fortunately, psychologists suggest some sound approaches to managing these situations and
protecting your relationships.
To reach your audience, it may be essential to express your message in terms of their values, not yours.
Psychologists call this “moral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act of acknowledging values of
the people you’re talking to — telling them you understand where they’re coming from, even if you don’t agree—
may lead them to lower their defenses and open up a little to new arguments.
Your fatigue may be even worse by thinking or assuming that debate is a zero-sum struggle — that you win if,
and only if, your opponent loses. But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to find
the truth — less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. The neighbours map land together by
viewing it from multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help you triangulate a view between your opinion and the
other person’s.
The tendency to blame others for exhausting debates has real consequences. In our exhaustion, we may fail to
see when our frustrations stem from a deep desire for connection. Recognizing persuasion fatigue—and how we
contribute to it—may help us pass through heated debates without leaving those we love behind.
31. People may experience persuasion fatigue when they _________.
A. try in vain to convince others B. misinterpret others’ reasoning
C. adopt others’ views unwillingly D. try to persuade narrow-minded people
32. Which is the possible consequence of persuasion fatigue?
A. One can’t stick to his point of view. B. One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C. One can’t get to the root of failed debates. D. One feels incompetent for further arguments.
33. Why does the author quote Mark Twain in the passage?
A. To stress the effect of changing others’ mind. B. To confirm the difficulty of winning an argument.
C. To explain the reason for one’s ending an argument D. To support the idea of one’s tendency to blame
others.
34. Which is the recommended solution to managing persuasion fatigue?
A. Seeing a debate as a zero-sum game. B. Making an effort for common ground.
C. Shifting the topic to lower others’ defenses. D. Reframing points based on one’s own values.【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解
决的方法。
31细节理解题。根据文章第一段“You want to convince a friend or a family member of something you know
they may disagree, and you share information and walk through your reasoning with them. Still, they reject your
case. How do you react when your powers of persuasion fail? You might dismiss the person who doesn’t agree with
your arguments as narrow-minded, foolish or otherwise out of touch with reality. The whole experience may feel
like trying to guide someone on a journey when they refuse to follow. Psychologists have created a term, persuasion
fatigue, to describe this form of frustration(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享
信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反
应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的
时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲
劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
32 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demonstrates that feeling frustrated can make you more
resistant to changing your mind. It also shows that frustration may reduce your ability to recognize why your
arguments don’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降
低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认
清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
33推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasion fatigue also explains why, when
debates break down, people tend to blame their conversational opponent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂
时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters of opinion, our opponents are
insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了
论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
34推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But sometimes you’re better off seeing an argument as a cooperative effort to
find the truth—less like angry neighbours fighting over their property line. (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种
寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我
们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
(2023届北京市石景山区一模)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally
unsafe.____35____Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.
New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason.
Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’
thoughts about them until around age nine.
But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking
incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.____36____
To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children
questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking.
Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story.
One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one
study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.____37____The four-year-olds were equally likely to
choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the
kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly
“reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When
assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were
equally likely to ask for it.
____38____Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also
help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. ____39____Parents could
point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn
together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people
value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.
A. Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help.
B. Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable.
C. In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly.
D. Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions.
E. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost.
F. But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G. We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask theteacher for help.
【答案】35. E 36. F 37. G 38. D 39. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提
问寻求帮助这一问题。
35 上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally
unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不
愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting
your incompetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。
选项E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你
就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也
呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。
36 上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with
looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. (但我们的研究表
明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都
在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项 F“But if they are afraid
to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢
寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会
带来不良影响。故选F项。
37上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，
两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一
情况。选项G“We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their
class to ask the teacher for help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”
延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。
38下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的
机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputational barriers likely
require reputation-based solutions. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需
要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。
39上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior.
(他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他
人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问
是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Throughout our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have
made more of an impact than others. This can be due to different intelligences or learning styles. A person’s
learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most easily.
The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed in 1983 by Dr. Gardner in his book Frames of Mind: The
Theory of Multiple Intelligences, and it suggests that traditional ideas about intelligence, measured by standardized
IQ tests, are very limited. According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the range of
different abilities in children and adults. They are: linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial
intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal
intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence.
Some schools focus attention on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences. However, Dr. Gardner says
that we should place equal attention on people who possess the other intelligences: designers, athletes, musicians,
salesmen, psychologists, and biologists.
Education can be much more interesting and help more students to learn more effectively if teachers are
encouraged to present lessons in a wide variety of ways using music, group work, art activities, role-play,
multimedia, field trips, among others. The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of
multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store
more important information in their minds. Understanding a student’s learning style can help later in life and lead
them into a more fulfilling career direction.
The theory of multiple intelligences also gives adults a whole new way to look at their lives, examining
potentials that they left behind in their childhood, such as a love for art or drama. They may now have the
opportunity to develop these through hobbies or other programs of self-development.
40. According to the passage, what is a person’s learning style?
__________________________________________________________________________
41. What does Dr. Gardner use the eight intelligences to describe?__________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on
linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Which intelligence do you want to develop most? Why? (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they gain information most
easily.
41. To describe the range of different abilities in children and adults.
42. To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on
linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences.
To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should use the theory
of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children.
43. I want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In
addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习风格的概念以及八种不同的智力和学校所采取的教育模式。
40考查细节理解。根据第一段“A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the method through which they
gain information most easily.(一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法)”可知，一个人的
学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法。故答案为A person’s learning style or “intelligence” is the
method through which they gain information most easily.
41考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to him, eight different intelligences are proposed to describe the
range of different abilities in children and adults.(他提出了八种不同的智力来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范
围)”可知，加德纳博士用八种智能来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围。故答案为To describe the range of
different abilities in children and adults.
42考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The good news is that hundreds of schools are currently using the theory of
multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children. By doing so, students will perform better and store
more important information in their minds.(好消息是，目前有数百所学校正在使用多元智能理论来设计他们
教育孩子的方式。通过这样做，学生们会表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要的信息)”可知，为了帮助
学生表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要信息，学校应该使用多元智能理论来设计教育孩子的方式。错误部分为“schools should focus on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences”。故答案为To help students
perform better and store more important information in their minds, schools should focus on linguistic and logical-
mathematical intelligences.To help students perform better and store more important information in their minds,
schools should use the theory of multiple intelligences to design the way they educate children.
43开放性题目。题干：你最想培养哪种智力？为什么？可回答：我最想发展我的空间智能。因为我认为空
间感对一个人来说很重要。另外，我对建筑很感兴趣，大学毕业后想成为一名建筑设计师。故答案为I
want to develop my spatial intelligence most. Because I think a sense of space is very important to a person. In
addition, I am interested in architecture and would like to be a building designer when I graduate from university.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你正在组建与英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你校
交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2. 说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习 research-based learning
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is it going? We plan to form a research-based learning group. I wonder whether you would like to join us.
Our topic is “A Study on the Differences between British English and American English”. We mainly focus on
their differences in terms of spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary. The aim is to make us familiar with the
underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can gain a better understanding of the English language.I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years, so hopefully
you can give us some guidance during the research process. Please inform me of your decision by this Friday.
Your involvement will add much joy to our group. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
(2)
Dear Jim,
As you know, we are required to do research-based learning this term. I am writing to invite you to join my
team.
Here is the detailed information. We intend to compare Chinese literature and English literature in the same
historical period, for example, Shakespeare and Tang Xianzu of the Ming Dynasty. Since there was little chance for
pure literary exchange between nations in history, what we are doing can help great writers from China and Britain
talk spiritually to some extent.
I want you in because I know you have a great passion for British literature. Your professional knowledge will
surely help us in efficiency and accuracy. Also, just imagine the sense of awe you may get from the similarities and
differences we will find. If you are interested, let me know before next Friday.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
(3)
Dear Jim,
I’m establishing a research-based learning team on English study. I wonder if you would like to be a member
of it.
I plan to study how to improve our English ability by watching English movies. Ten classic English movies
like Forrest Gump will be covered. We will analyse the authentic expressions and native pronunciations, and
discuss how to apply them to English study. As watching English movies offers an easy access to English a
learning, this project will give students a clue about enjoyable and practical learning methods.
Knowing you have conducted relevant research, I think my project may feed your interest from a different
angle. Moreover, I’m sure your participation will increase the efficiency of completing tasks. If you’d like to come,
please let me know before next Friday.
I sincerely hope that we can work together on this project.Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封电子邮件，邀请交换生Jim参加英语学习相关的研究性学习小
组，并且向他介绍研究的具体内容和意义并说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
为
【详解】1. 词汇积累（以第一篇范文 例）
打算做：plan to→intend to
专注于：focus on→be centered on
在……方面：in terms of→in the field of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years.
复合句：I know you are a native speaker of British English who lived in America for several years.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I wonder whether you would like to join us.（whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The aim is to make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can
gain a better understanding of the English language.（不定式作表语以及so that引导的目的状语从句）
