文档内容
第 08 讲 阅读理解议论文
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】夹叙夹议文的考查
【题型二】议论文的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 夹叙夹议文的考查
1.（2025·浙江·模拟预测）Mathematics has an image problem: too many people stumble over it and
conclude that the subject is just not for them. But the core problems I suppose is how maths is presented as cold and
dry.
I have a different approach which is to relate abstract maths to questions of politics and social justice. I have
taught fairly maths-phobic art students in this way and have seen their attitudes transformed. They now embrace
maths and even believe it can genuinely assist them.
At a basic level, maths is founded on logic, so when I am teaching logic, I use examples from contemporary
events rather than the old-fashioned type of problem. Instead of studying the logic of a statement like “all dogs have
four legs”, I might discuss the statement like “___________”. However, rather than sticking to this type of dry
mathematical example, I introduce issues like privilege and wealth — If someone has a higher status, are they
automatically wealthier? We can also ask about working hours and income: if someone works more hours, do they
necessarily earn more? The answer is clearly not.
My approach is controversial because, traditionally, maths is supposed to be neutral. I have been criticized
by people claiming my approach will be annoying to those who don’t care about social justice. However, the dry
approach is also off-putting to those who do care. Sometimes, such society-oriented questions may benefit the well-
rounded development of the students.
In fact, I believe that all academic disciplines should address our most important issues. I don’t demand that
students agree with me about politics, but I do ask that they construct thorough arguments to back up their thoughts
and develop the crucial ability to analyze the logic of people they disagree with.Maths isn’t just about numbers and equations (方程式); it is about studying different logical systems. We can
apply it to balls rolling down different hills, but we can also apply it to pressing social issues. I think we should do
both, for the sake of society and to be more inclusive towards different types of students in maths education.
1．What is the author’s main argument on the teaching of mathematics?
A．Mathematics should be taken more seriously.
B．The traditional approach needs to be revised.
C．A focus on real-world applications is proposed.
D．Students should have their personalized methods.
2．Which of the following can be the likely statement in the third paragraph?
A．All cats are mammals. B．No hard workers are losers.
C．All immigrants are illegal. D．No students like mathematics.
3．How does the author respond to the criticism?
A．He compromises by emphasizing his teaching goals.
B．He dismisses it as irrelevant to his teaching approach.
C．He admits that maths should be non-political and solely focus on numbers.
D．He suggests social issue discussion be essential for comprehensive education.
4．What skill does the author hope his students should gain?
A．Quick and accurate equation-solving.
B．Using math concepts across various fields.
C．Crafting logical arguments for their perspectives.
D．Working together to build a more inclusive society.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者对于数学教学的新颖观点，即将数学与现实生活中的政治
和社会公正问题相结合，以此来吸引学生的兴趣并提高他们的逻辑分析能力。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I have a different approach which is to relate abstract maths to questions of
politics and social justice.”（我有一种不同的方法，即将抽象的数学与政治和社会公正问题相结合。）可知，
作者主张需要改变传统的数学教学方法。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“At a basic level, maths is founded on logic, so when I am teaching logic, I use
examples from contemporary events rather than the old-fashioned type of problem. Instead of studying the logic of
a statement like “all dogs have four legs”, I might discuss the statement like”（在基本层面上，数学是建立在逻
辑的基础上的，所以当我教逻辑时，我用当代事件的例子，而不是老式的问题。）可知，作者会用当代事
件的例子，而不是老式的问题；结合下文“I introduce issues like privilege and wealth — If someone has a
higher status, are they automatically wealthier? We can also ask about working hours and income: if someone
works more hours, do they necessarily earn more? ”（我介绍了特权和财富之类的问题——如果一个人的地位
更高，他们就会自然而然地更富有吗？我们还可以问关于工作时间和收入的问题：如果某人工作时间更长，
他们是否就一定赚得更多？）可知，作者会介绍一些社会性问题；由此可知，C选项“所有移民都是非法
的”符合语境。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I have been criticized by people claiming my approach will be annoying to
those who don’t care about social justice. However, the dry approach is also off-putting to those who do care.
Sometimes, such society-oriented questions may benefit the well-rounded development of the students.”（有人批
评我，认为我的方法会让那些不关心社会公正的人感到烦恼。然而，枯燥的方法也会让那些关心社会公正
的人感到反感。有时，这样的社会性问题可能有利于学生的全面发展。）可推知，作者认为讨论社会问题
对于全面教育是必要的。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“I don’t demand that students agree with me about politics, but I do ask that
they construct thorough arguments to back up their thoughts and develop the crucial ability to analyze the logic of
people they disagree with.”（我不要求学生在政治上同意我，但我要求他们构建完整的论据来支持他们的思
想，并发展分析他们不同意的人的逻辑的关键能力。）可推知，作者希望他的学生能够形成自己的观点，
并能够用逻辑来支持自己的观点。故选C。
2.（2024·山西临汾·三模）When does spring begin? For some, it’s the second Sunday in March, when we
turn our clocks forward by an hour in the United States. For others, it’s when they first realize they’ve finished
dinner and it’s still light out. This year, impatient as ever for winter to end, I decided to skip my usual routine of
calendar watching and see if I couldn’t do something to speed up spring’s arrival.
It’s only a three-hour flight from La Guardia (rainy, cold), New York to West Palm Beach (sunny, 81 degrees,
slight breeze), Florida and from there an hour’s drive to Clover Park in Port St. Lucie, the spring training home of
the New York Mets, where the traffic of more than 7,000 fans descended. Here in Port St. Lucie on a Tuesday
afternoon, weeks before the season’s official start, cheery fans were dressed in lightweight clothing, drinking
Modelo Especial and snacking on peanuts, heckling (起哄) the players. Here, spring was already happening.
Being outdoors in the sunshine and fresh air, things do feel slower and easier. I love that baseball has long
been considered America’s national pastime. A pastime is something that makes the passing of time pleasant. Isn’t
that what we’re dying for in the winter months? Something that makes time not just tolerable but enjoyable?
By the time I left Florida, it was pouring rain and even a little chilly. How was I supposed to take springtime
home with me, I wondered fiercely. It was still raining in New York when I landed. Spring isn’t just weather, of
course, and it certainly makes no promises about rain. I'm trying to resist cliché (陈词滥调), to keep from saying
something similar to “spring is a state of mind,” even though I wish it were.
I went looking for spring and I found it where spring breakers find it every year, already in full swing in the
Sunshine State. My own official removal of woolen coats will occur on Tuesday, when spring finally arrives. But
having experienced 24 hours of spring’s full pageant (盛会), my own little preseason, I feel slightly pacified.
Perhaps I can be patient as spring establishes itself, and offer the season a little grace as it clicks into place.
5．What is presented in Paragraph 1?
A．Spring falls on a fixed date.
B．Spring came late this year.
C．The author was longing for spring restlessly.
D．The author was celebrating the end of winter.
6．How did the author find Port St. Lucie?A．A fast-paced world. B．Full of a joyful atmosphere.
C．The birthplace of baseball. D．Home to delicious food.
7．What does the underlined word “pacified” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Puzzled. B．Disappointed. C．Curious. D．Calm.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．In Search of Spring B．In Praise of Spring
C．A Trip to Florida D．A Farewell to New York
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要描述了作者对于春天的渴望和寻找春天的过程。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This year, impatient as ever for winter to end, I decided to skip my usual
routine of calendar watching and see if I couldn’t do something to speed up spring’s arrival.(今年，和往年一样，
我迫不及待地希望冬天结束，我决定不再按惯例盯着日历看，而是看看自己能不能做些什么来加速春天的
到来。)”可推知，作者焦急地盼望着春天的到来。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Here in Port St. Lucie on a Tuesday afternoon, weeks before the season’s
official start, cheery fans were dressed in lightweight clothing, drinking Modelo Especial and snacking on peanuts,
heckling(起哄)the players. Here, spring was already happening.(在圣露西港，一个周二的下午，距离赛季正式
开始还有几周的时间，兴高采烈的球迷们穿着轻便的衣服，喝着Modelo special，吃着花生，向球员起哄。
在这里，春天已经来临。)”可知，作者认为圣露西港充满欢乐的气氛。故选B。
7．词句猜测题。根据上文“But having experienced 24 hours of spring’s full pageant (盛会), my own little
preseason(但在经历了24小时的春天盛会之后，我自己也提前进入了春季前的准备阶段)”和下文“Perhaps I
can be patient as spring establishes itself, and offer the season a little grace as it clicks into place.(也许我可以在春
天到来的时候保持耐心，在春天到来的时候给这个季节增添一点优雅。)”可知，作者提前感受到了春天的
美好，因此感到内心平静，不再那么急切地期待春天的到来。因此，pacified意为“平静的”，选项D“平
静的”最符合文意。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“This year, impatient as ever for winter to end, I decided to skip my usual
routine of calendar watching and see if I couldn’t do something to speed up spring’s arrival.(今年，和往年一样，
我迫不及待地希望冬天结束，我决定不再按惯例盯着日历看，而是看看自己能不能做些什么来加速春天的
到来。)”和文章最后一段“I went looking for spring and I found it where spring breakers find it every year,
already in full swing in the Sunshine State.(我去寻找春天，我在每年春假的地方找到了它，在阳光之州已经
如火如荼了。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者对于春天的渴望和寻找春天的过程。A项“In Search of Spring
（寻找春天）”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。
3.（2024·安徽黄山·二模）Now my dad is one of those people who never seem to have much trouble
figuring out how to make money. Sure, Mom and Dad had some trouble keeping it for a little while during the
bankruptcy (破产) years, but bringing home a good income was never really a problem. That’s because my parents
have never been confused about where money comes from.
It’s something my dad has told me pretty much every day: Money comes from work. Our culture has mademany wonderful advances to ensure the safety and well-being of children. But we may have taken this too far.
Many parents today are so centered on what their children want that they have lost perspective on what their
children really need. Perspective — looking at life over time — demands that you teach children to work. Teaching
a child to work is not child abuse. We teach them to work not for our benefit, but because it gives them both dignity
in a job well done today and the tools and character to win in the future as adults.
You should view teaching your children to work in the same way you view teaching them to bathe and brush
their teeth — as a necessary skill for life. If your child graduates from high school and his only skill set consists of
playing video games, complaining and eating junk food, then you have set him up to fail.
Another huge benefit of teaching a child the wonder of work is that she will tend to stay away from people
who refuse to work. Why is this good? Because you want your daughter to marry Mr. Right, not Mr. Lazy.
So train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old, he will not go away from it.
9．Which of the following can best describe the author’s dad?
A．Generous. B．Hardworking.
C．Considerate. D．Confident.
10．According to paragraph 2, what are parents today supposed to do?
A．To instruct children to work. B．To focus on children’s needs.
C．To ensure children’s well-being. D．To maintain the dignity of children.
11．What’s the benefit children can get from work?
A．Getting rid of bad habits. B．Helping support the family.
C．Learning to use money wisely. D．Keeping away from lazy people.
12．Which column does the text possibly come from?
A．Career planning. B．Parental education.
C．Financial management. D．Parent-child relationship.
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文主要讲述的是作者的父亲对于工作的看法，以及作者对于教育孩子工
作的重要性的观点。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s something my dad has told me pretty much every day: Money comes
from work.”（这是我父亲几乎每天都告诉我的事情：钱来自工作。）可推知，作者的父亲是一个勤奋工作
的人，故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Perspective — looking at life over time — demands that you teach children
to work.”（从长远的角度看待生活，这要求你教会孩子工作。）和“We teach them to work not for our
benefit, but because it gives them both dignity in a job well done today and the tools and character to win in the
future as adults.”（我们教他们工作不是为了我们的利益，而是因为这给了他们今天出色工作的尊严，也给
了他们成年后在未来获胜的工具和品格。）可推知，现在的父母应该教孩子工作，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Another huge benefit of teaching a child the wonder of work is that she will
tend to stay away from people who refuse to work. Why is this good? Because you want your daughter to marry
Mr. Right, not Mr. Lazy.”（教孩子工作的另一个巨大好处是，她会倾向于远离拒绝工作的人。为什么这很好？因为你想让你的女儿嫁给真命天子，而不是懒汉。）可推知，孩子从工作中可以得到的好处是远离懒惰的
人，故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Many parents today are so centered on what their children want that they
have lost perspective on what their children really need. Perspective — looking at life over time — demands that
you teach children to work.”（如今，许多父母都过于关注孩子想要什么，而忽略了孩子真正需要什么。从长
远的角度看待生活，这要求你教会孩子工作。）和最后一段“So train up a child in the way he should go, and
when he is old, he will not go away from it.”（所以要训练一个孩子走他应该走的路，当他老了，他不会离开
这条路。）可知，短文主要讲述的是作者的父亲对于工作的看法，以及作者对于教育孩子工作的重要性的
观点。所以短文来自于“父母的教育”。故选B。
4.（2024·河南·三模）All three of my children were subject-matter experts before they even left primary
school. My eldest son memorized every statistic on every football trading card he got his hands on. His brother
knew hundreds of car makes and models by heart. And I’m sure that my daughter — a huge One Direction fan —
remembered more facts about the band than they did! The experience of becoming an expert can bring long-term
benefits for learning — and it’s never too late. “Having a specialist subject helps you learn anything,” says our
memory expert, Jonathan Hancock, “There are good reasons for all of us to do a spot of specialist learning.”
It schools our observation: a vital first step to remembering. Children are particularly good at seeing slight
differences — like my younger son and his cars — then using them to organize information and inspire recall. But
focused learning like this can push anyone to start noticing key details — ready to remember them.
It gives us a mental framework (框架), to which we can attach unrelated ideas. Even when his trading-card
period was over, my son often linked new numbers with stored-away sports statistics. Your own area of interest
might help you by suggesting soundalike words for people’s names, or letting you “map” travel directions.
It gets us learning in a variety of ways, often with the help of all our senses. My daughter’s pop knowledge
was a rich mix of music, dances and colourful costumes, with precise facts. Burying yourself in a subject boosts
your brain to work at its best.
It restores our confidence to remember. We get to see what a difference it makes to be interested in
something, to build up information in layers (层次), and to keep refreshing, testing and showing off what we know.
It can give all our learning a boost.
Why not pick a topic that interests you, find some books, take a course, join a club... and enjoy becoming at
least an entry-level expert? Even a short spell of specialist study can reawaken learning skills that used to feel like
child’s play.
13．What do the author’s children have in common?
A．Having a variety of hobbies. B．Dreaming of being a top-class expert.
C．Learning school subjects well. D．Showing exceptional talent in their areas.
14．Which probably belongs to a mental framework?
A．Recognizing a pair of twins. B．Lecturing at an opening ceremony.
C．Learning English by watching a film. D．Planning a tour route in a strange city.
15．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A．To advocate. B．To confirm. C．To evaluate. D．To explain.
16．What can be the most suitable title for the text?
A．Raise Children’s Memory B．Remember Like an Expert
C．Reform Learning Methods D．Reawaken Learning Skills
【答案】13．D 14．D 15．A 16．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者三个孩子在小的时候就对某一领域有着深入的了解和专业
知识。文章通过实例阐述了成为某个领域的专家对学习带来的长期益处，包括培养观察力，提供心理框架，
多样化的学习方式以及增强自信心等。最后鼓励读者选择自己感兴趣的领域进行深入学习，即使是短期的
专业学习也能激发出曾经像孩子玩耍的学习技能。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“All three of my children were subject-matter experts before they even left
primary school. My eldest son memorized every statistic on every football trading card he got his hands on. His
brother knew hundreds of car makes and models by heart. And I’m sure that my daughter—a huge One Direction
fan—remembered more facts about the band than they did! The experience of becoming an expert can bring long-
term benefits for learning—and it’s never too late.”（我的三个孩子在小学毕业之前就已经是学科专家了。我
的大儿子记住了他拿到的每一张足球交易卡上的每一个数据。他哥哥对数百种汽车的品牌和型号都熟记于
心。我敢肯定，我的女儿——一个One Direction乐队的超级粉丝——记得更多关于乐队的事情！成为专家
的经历可以为学习带来长期的好处，而且永远不会太晚。）可推知，作者的孩子都在各自的领域表现出非
凡的天赋。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“It gives us a mental framework (框架), to which we can attach unrelated ideas.
Even when his trading-card period was over, my son often linked new numbers with stored-away sports statistics.
Your own area of interest might help you by suggesting soundalike words for people’s names, or letting you “map”
travel directions.”（它给了我们一个心理框架，我们可以把不相关的想法附加到这个框架上。即使他的交易
卡期结束了，我儿子也经常把新号码和储存的体育数据联系起来。你自己感兴趣的领域可能会对你有所帮
助，比如为人们的名字提供发音相似的单词，或者让你“绘制”旅行路线。）可知，在一个陌生的城市规
划旅游路线可能属于一个心理框架。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Why not pick a topic that interests you, find some books, take a course, join a
club ... and enjoy becoming at least an entry-level expert? Even a short spell of specialist study can reawaken
learning skills that used to feel like child’s play.”（为什么不选择一个你感兴趣的话题，找一些书，参加一个
课程，加入一个俱乐部……享受成为至少一个入门级的专家？即使是短时间的专业学习也能重新唤醒过去
感觉像孩子玩耍的学习技能。）可推知，最后一段的目的是表明作者提倡的做法。故选A项。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Why not pick a topic that interests you, find some books, take a
course, join a club ... and enjoy becoming at least an entry-level expert? Even a short spell of specialist study can
reawaken learning skills that used to feel like child’s play.”（为什么不选择一个你感兴趣的话题，找一些书，
参加一个课程，加入一个俱乐部……享受成为至少一个入门级的专家？即使是短时间的专业学习也能重新
唤醒过去感觉像孩子玩耍的学习技能。）可知，文章主要讲述了鼓励读者选择自己感兴趣的领域进行深入
学习，即使是短期的专业学习也能激发出曾经像孩子玩耍般的学习技能。因此本文的最佳标题是“重新唤
醒学习技能”。故选D项。5.（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）I used to be anorexic (厌食的). I was skeletal, each of my rib bones jutted out,
like ridges on my body; my head, which looked abnormally huge, was barely supported by my backbone.
It would take an hour for me to eat a spoon of food. Should I attempt to eat to please my parents on teachers,
I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. I looked pale and weak all the time because of the lack of
food. My family members were distressed. They cried a lot.
It all started when a boy in my class called me “fat” I was devastated. I adopted an extremely strict diet and
exercise routine. I lost 10kg within three months and continued to lose more weight. I was absolutely obsessed
about losing even more weight. One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life. That was
when I decided to turn my life around.
Looking good is extremely important to a teenager. We want to look a certain way so we can be popular and
accepted. We are attracted by well-toned and sculpted bodies. Now, with social media, we have access to a pool of
photographs of people, whose bodies and appearances we admire. Those images make us envious. We long to be
like them.
We're in danger when we start to hate the way we look and take drastic measures to attain the body we
dream of having. These measures can lead to eating disorders, unrealistic and unhealthy exercise habits, low self-
esteem and depression. Besides affecting the physical health, teenagers who are body conscious can also suffer
from mental instability. They may plunge into despair, guilt and hopelessness if they are unable to keep up with
their rigid exercise routines or eating habits. They can be emotionally fragile too. They become sensitive to
comments made by others. They are ashamed of the way they look. If you are currently experiencing these feelings,
seek help before itis too late.
It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of
beauty, which will change with time. You are unique.
17．What can we infer about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A．He developed a deadly disease.
B．He was on an exceptionally strict diet.
C．He was upset because of not achieving the goal.
D．He was in bad condition due to food shortage.
18．Why did the author decide to turn his life around?
A．To look good. B．To stay healthy.
C．To satisfy his parents. D．To disappoint the boy.
19．What does the underlined word “drastic” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Extreme. B．Immediate. C．Temporary. D．Preventive.
20．What is the best title of this passage?
A．Be unique. B．Seek beauty.
C．Build your body. D．Accept your body.
【答案】17．B 18．B 19．A 20．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者以自己的亲身经历讲述了厌食症对身体的危害，告诫人们要接纳自己
的身体，不要盲目听从他人。17．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It would take an hour for me to eat a spoon of food. Should I attempt to eat to
please my parents on teachers, I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. I looked pale and weak all
the time because of the lack of food.(我吃一勺食物要花一个小时。如果我试图吃东西来取悦我的父母或老师，
我会把自己锁在厕所里，把食物吐出来。由于缺乏食物，我总是脸色苍白，身体虚弱)”和第三段中“I
adopted an extremely strict diet and exercise routine.(我采取了极其严格的饮食和锻炼习惯)”可知，作者在严格
节食，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life.
That was when I decided to turn my life around.(有一天，我的心率下降，我上气不接下气。我差点丢了命。
从那时起，我决定改变我的生活)”可知，作者节食健康出现问题甚至丧命，所以才决心改变，故选B。
19．词义猜测题。第三段中“I adopted an extremely strict diet and exercise routine. I lost 10kg within three
months and continued to lose more weight. I was absolutely obsessed about losing even more weight. One day, my
heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life.(我采取了极其严格的饮食和锻炼习惯。我在三个
月内减掉了10公斤，而且还在继续减重。我完全痴迷于减掉更多的体重。有一天，我的心率下降，我上气
不接下气。我差点丢了命)”谈到作者自己极端节食并造成巨大危害的例子，由此推知划线词所在句意为
“当我们开始讨厌自己的外表，并采取激烈的措施来获得我们梦想拥有的身体时，我们就处于危险之中”，
drastic意为“极端的”，故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“It is important to feel confident and positive about your
image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time. You are unique.(对自己的
形象保持自信和积极是很重要的，不要遵从人造的美丽标准，这些标准会随着时间的推移而改变。你是独
一无二的)”可知，作者根据自身节食的例子告诫人们要接受自己的身体，尤其是最后一段点出本文主旨，
故选D。
6.（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）“What do you mean by this phrase? It’s incorrect and adds nothing to the
sentence. Omit (省略).” Professor Jones’s critical feedback on my paper hurt me when I first read it. I scanned his
comments for a “Good job!” or “I love this idea,” but they were nowhere to be found.
Everyone likes warmth and encouragement, but purely positive affirmations (肯定) don’t communicate what
can be improved. Research conducted on Character Lab Research Network finds that direct, useful feedback
requiring students to revise their own work is more effective. For Professor Jones, this looked like a note at the end
of another paper: “I’m sure things will improve as the term and year wear on.” However, feedback that does the
work for a student—correcting a misspelled word, rewriting a sentence—can signal a teacher’s low expectations.
When kids see comments that suggest what needs to be changed, they come to realize they can do things on
their own and become more independent learners. As a bonus, this kind of feedback lets students know that their
teacher believes in them.
As for me, I was benedictory for Professor Jones’s pointed criticism which let me know that he took me
seriously. He was expecting me to do better, and the detailed comments scrawled (潦草地写) on every page gave
me the tools to improve. Teachers can add affirmations to their feedback as long as it’s not the only thing they’re
doing.Don’t confuse warmth with promoting a growth mindset. Being nice isn’t the same as showing someone you
believe they can improve. So give detailed feedback that sets young people up to take charge of their own learning.
For example, instead of rewriting a sentence, say: “This is a run-on sentence. Try reading it out loud and add
punctuation in places where you naturally take a breath.” Ask worth-exploring questions that inspire students to
think about their approach, then let them revise on their own. When it comes to writing, the easiest path isn’t
always the best one.
21．How did the author initially feel about Professor Jones’s feedback?
A．Happy and motivated. B．Upset and disappointed.
C．Indifferent and unconcerned. D．Confident and encouraged.
22．What is the key aspect of effective feedback mentioned in the article?
A．It should be brief and to the point. B．It should be warm and encouraging.
C．It should be written at the end of the paper. D．It should be up to students to fix their own work.
23．What does the underlined word “benedictory” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Responsible. B．Generous. C．Regretful. D．Grateful.
24．What should teachers do when checking student’s paper according to the text?
A．Give students general praise. B．Rewrite sentences for students.
C．Provide students critical support. D．Show students corrected assignments.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．D 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章强调了建设性的反馈对学生学习的重要性。作者通过自己论文被批
评的经历，认识到直接且有用的反馈比单纯鼓励更有助于改进。研究显示，要求学生修改作业的直接反馈
更有效，而过于温和的反馈可能暗示低期望。作者认为，教师应该提供建设性的反馈，激发学生的独立学
习能力，帮助学生真正取得进步。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Professor Jones’s critical feedback on my paper hurt me when I first read it. I
scanned his comments for a “Good job!” or “I love this idea,” but they were nowhere to be found. (当我第一次读
到Jones教授对我论文的批评时，我很伤心。我浏览了他的评论，寻找“干得好！”或“我喜欢这个主
意”，但这些都找不到)”可知，此时作者因为读到批评很伤心，而且没有找到任何积极的评论。由此可知，
作者一开始对Jones教授的反馈感到沮丧和失望。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Research conducted on Character Lab Research Network finds that direct,
useful feedback requiring students to revise their own work is more effective. (在性格实验室研究网络上进行的
研究发现，要求学生修改自己的作业的直接、有用的反馈更有效)”可知，文章中提到的有效反馈的关键方
面是，应该由学生来修改自己的作业。故选D项。
23．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“Professor Jones’s pointed criticism which let me know that he took me
seriously. He was expecting me to do better, and the detailed comments scrawled (潦草地写) on every page gave
me the tools to improve. (Jones教授尖锐的批评让我知道他是认真对待我的。他希望我做得更好，而在每一
页上潦草的详细评论给了我改进的手段)”可知，作者意识到Jones教授的批评实际上表明他在认真对待自己，
切实地帮助自己进行改进。由此可知，作者对此应该充满感激，画线词意思应该是“感激的”，与
Grateful意思一致。故选D项。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Don’t confuse warmth with promoting a growth mindset. Being nice isn’t
the same as showing someone you believe they can improve. So give detailed feedback that sets young people up to
take charge of their own learning. (不要把温暖和促进成长的心态混为一谈。友善并不等于向别人展示你相信
他们可以进步。所以要给他们详细的反馈，让他们能够自主学习。)”可知，老师在检查学生的作业时，应
该培养学生成长的心态，通过给出详细的反馈，让他们自己去进行改进。由此可知，老师应该为学生提供
关键支持。故选C项。
7.（2024·广东汕头·二模）When I was a child, the new year’s activity for my family is dumpling-making,
but it’s been years since I’ve last experienced the uniquely carefree comfort and connection I felt during moments.
My family has changed a lot, and gatherings like these simply don’t come together with the same ease as they once
did.
This year, I came home in the evening to a dark house with pieces missing. I noticed things that I wouldn’t
have before, like how my family slept earlier and got up later and how my dog had more trouble jumping up on my
bed. After all, it’s easier to become blind to its subtle changes when you occupy it virtually every day of the year,
and much harder when you must be exposed to months of accumulated change all at once.
Personally, the most precious childhood privilege is not the free extra snacks from flight attendants, but the
privilege of thinking of the people and relationships around you with a sense of permanence. I mean this in the
sense that it escaped my eight-year-old brain to think about how my parents were aging as I did or about the
sacrifices they made for me until suddenly, I was an adult as they were.
I turn 20 in a couple months, so I’ve been seized with a feeling of adulthood, which feels far stronger than
the transition into legal adulthood at 18 ever felt. It seems as if the “teen” part of“19”keeps me attached to the same
category as the one my newly 13-year-old self occupied, carrying with it a certain comfort in the social allowances
made for the immaturity inherent (固有的) to youth. But marching into 20 is different.
I’d so desperately wanted to move away and get a taste of independence upon starting college, but now I
know that such freedom comes with loss and responsibility. Now I start to understand the governance of a
circularity (循环) inherent to our lives and have a newfound appreciation for the things that remain the same.
25．What does the underlined word “subtle” in paragraph 2mean?
A．Obvious. B．Sudden. C．Unusual. D．Unnoticeable.
26．Which of the following might the author agree with when he was eight?
A．Everything would be the same. B．His parents were becoming old.
C．Free extra snacks were common. D．His parents had done a lot to him.
27．In what way is 20 years old different according to the author?
A．Physical maturity. B．The social expectation.
C．The loss of freedom. D．The shift into legal adulthood.
28．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．A newfound appreciation for life. B．The difference between teens and adults.
C．My passing memories of childhood. D．My reflection on the switch into adulthood.【答案】25．D 26．A 27．B 28．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大对于于周围人关系的思考。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This year, I came home in the evening to a dark house with pieces missing.
I noticed things that I wouldn’t have before, like how my family slept earlier and got up later and how my dog had
more trouble jumping up on my bed.(今年，我晚上回到家，发现屋子里一片漆黑，有些东西不见了。我注意
到一些我以前没有注意到的事情，比如我的家人睡得更早，起得更晚，我的狗在我的床上跳起来更困难)”
以及后文“changes when you occupy it virtually every day of the year, and much harder when you must be
exposed to months of accumulated change all at once”可知，作者突然注意到一些不同的事情，以前没有注意
到是因为每天都住在这里，变化不明显，而当你必须同时面对几个月来积累的变化时，就更难了。故划线
词意思是“不明显的”。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Personally, the most precious childhood privilege is not the free extra snacks
from flight attendants, but the privilege of thinking of the people and relationships around you with a sense of
permanence. I mean this in the sense that it escaped my eight-year-old brain to think about how my parents were
aging as I did or about the sacrifices they made for me until suddenly, I was an adult as they were.(就我个人而言，
最珍贵的童年特权不是空乘人员提供的免费额外零食，而是以一种永恒的感觉来思考周围的人和关系的特
权。我这么说的意思是，在我8岁的时候，我没有想到我的父母是如何像我一样变老的，或者他们为我做
出的牺牲，直到突然之间，我和他们一样成为了成年人)”可知，作者8岁认为一切都会是一样的。故选
A。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It seems as if the “teen” part of“19”keeps me attached to the same category
as the one my newly 13-year-old self occupied, carrying with it a certain comfort in the social allowances made for
the immaturity inherent (固有的) to youth. But marching into 20 is different.(“19”的“青少年”部分似乎把我和
刚满13岁的我归为一类，社会对年轻人固有的不成熟给予了宽容，这给我带来了某种安慰。但迈入20年
就不同了)”可知，在作者看来，20岁的人社会期望不同。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I’d so desperately wanted to move away and get a taste of independence upon
starting college, but now I know that such freedom comes with loss and responsibility. Now I start to understand
the governance of a circularity (循环) inherent to our lives and have a newfound appreciation for the things that
remain the same.(刚上大学的时候，我非常想搬出去，体验一下独立的滋味，但现在我知道，这种自由伴随
着损失和责任。现在我开始理解我们生活中固有的循环规律，并对保持不变的事物有了新的欣赏)”结合文
章主要讲述了作者从小到大对于于周围人关系的思考。可知，D选项“我对转变为成年人的思考”最符合
文章标题。故选D。
8.（2024·天津和平·二模）Every bookstore in Beijing used to have a massive fiction room piled to the
ceiling with great books. These days, you’re as likely as not to find that those rooms have been shrunk down to the
size of a solitary (单独的) table thickly covered with the latest releases and best-selling novels. This, however, begs
the question: Is fiction dying out, or is print media finally succumbing to (屈服于) its electronic and audio copy
rivals (对手)?
Now that Kindle is leaving China, some say that maybe people will get back to traditional reading. I doubt it,however. This downward reading trend has been evident for a long time now. When Jeff Bezos first launched
Kindle, Steve Jobs from Apple said it would fail because “people don’t read anymore. It doesn’t matter how good
or bad the product is.”
But I don’t think reading itself is dying. It is merely becoming more functional — in other words, something
you have to do in order to get some tangible (实际的) benefit. Gone are the days when people just read for fun.
Why lumber (迫使担负) through a musty old book when you can watch an action movie or play a video game? Of
course, people know that these are poor substitutes (替代品) for a good book.
In fact, there is nothing better than getting lost in a great book. I remember reading Shackleton, the British
polar explorer, when I was a boy. After turning over the last leaf of this extraordinary adventure, I felt as if I, too,
had just been to the South Pole and back. This imaginary achievement translated into a sense of confidence which
must have been infectious, as soon afterwards all of my friends were themselves picking up books to read for fun.
Psychologists say that you are the average of the five friends you surround yourself with. We can learn from them
and they can also come to have a profound effect on our own habits and mindset. In this way, a book, too, can be a
mentor (导师). The ideas, advice, mindset, and experiences of other people living in other times can get transmitted
to us down through the pages of a good book.
In the age of fragmented (碎片化的) information, the winners will be those who can stay focused. However,
in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is
not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure from reality. Great books transmit universal truths; get
them read. How exactly you do so is up to you.
29．The author mentioned Kindle in the text to _______.
A．praise its convenience and popularity in reading
B．explore the reason for the decline of print media
C．highlight the decreasing trend of traditional reading
D．show our regret for its departure from China’s market
30．Which of the following statements is true about Shackleton according to the passage?
A．He is famous for imaginary writing. B．He finds nothing better than an old book.
C．He visited the South Pole many times himself. D．His adventure story influenced the author a lot.
31．We can benefit a lot from reading according to the author except that _______.
A．we can be influenced by positive ideas B．we’d surround ourselves with good friends
C．we can learn from other people’s experiences D．we can develop good habits and ways of thinking
32．The author probably agrees that _______.
A．great books are more popular than action movies
B．we should avoid being distracted by modern technology
C．reading great books can help us stay focused
D．traditional reading will eventually disappear
33．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．It’s necessary to find a better substitutes for books like Kindle.B．We should read more in order to escape from reality.
C．We need to face the reality that reading is becoming less popular.
D．We have to accept the fact that Kindle is leaving China.
34．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To discuss the future trend of reading. B．To advocate the benefits of reading.
C．To analyze the reasons for the decline of reading. D．To compare different forms of reading.
【答案】29．C 30．D 31．B 32．C 33．C 34．B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了传统阅读的减少趋势，指出阅读本身并未消亡，而是变得更
加实用。作者结合自身的经历，讲述了阅读对于人的益处，认为虽然阅读越来越不受欢迎，但是阅读的确
可以让人保持专注，而我们应当去阅读那些伟大的著作。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Now that Kindle is leaving China, some say that maybe people will get back to
traditional reading. I doubt it, however. This downward reading trend has been evident for a long time now. When
Jeff Bezos first launched Kindle, Steve Jobs from Apple said it would fail because “people don’t read anymore. It
doesn’t matter how good or bad the product is.” (现在Kindle离开了中国，有人说也许人们会回到传统的阅读
方式。然而，我对此表示怀疑。这种下降趋势已经持续了很长时间。当杰夫·贝佐斯首次推出Kindle时，
苹果公司的史蒂夫·乔布斯说它会失败，因为“人们不再阅读了，不管产品是好是坏。”)”可知，作者认为
Kindle离开中国并不意味着人们会回到传统的阅读方式，人们不再阅读的趋势持续存在。由此推知，作者
提到Kindle强调传统阅读的减少趋势。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I remember reading Shackleton, the British polar explorer, when I was a boy.
After turning over the last leaf of this extraordinary adventure, I felt as if I, too, had just been to the South Pole and
back. This imaginary achievement translated into a sense of confidence which must have been infectious, as soon
afterwards all of my friends were themselves picking up books to read for fun. (我记得小时候读过英国极地探险
家沙克尔顿的书。在翻过这次非凡冒险的最后一页后，我觉得自己也刚刚去过南极并返回了。这种想象中
的成就转化为一种自信，这种自信一定很有感染力，因为不久之后，我所有的朋友都自己拿起书来读，寻
找乐趣)”可知，沙克尔顿的冒险故事对作者影响很大，让作者感同身受，变得自信。故选D项。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Psychologists say that you are the average of the five friends you surround
yourself with. We can learn from them and they can also come to have a profound effect on our own habits and
mindset. In this way, a book, too, can be a mentor (导师). The ideas, advice, mindset, and experiences of other
people living in other times can get transmitted to us down through the pages of a good book. (心理学家说，你是
你周围五个朋友的平均值。我们可以向他们学习，他们也可以对我们自己的习惯和心态产生深远的影响。
这样，一本书也可以成为一个导师。生活在其他时代的人的想法、建议、心态和经历可以通过一本好书的
书页传递给我们)”可知，一本书好比一个值得学习的朋友，通过阅读，我们会受到积极思想的影响，从别
人的经历中学习，养成良好的习惯和思维方式，文章未涉及身边都是好朋友这一好处。故选B项。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be
getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure
from reality. Great books transmit universal truths; get them read. (然而，在一个容易分心的世界里，深度阅读
似乎离我们越来越远。我们最大的问题不是Kindle离开中国，而是我们自己脱离了现实。伟大的著作传播普遍的真理；阅读它们)”可知，作者认为是我们自己脱离了现实，变得容易分心，劝诫我们阅读伟大的著
作。由此推知，作者认为阅读伟大的著作可以让我们不再分心，而是保持专注。故选C项。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be
getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure
from reality. (然而，在一个容易分心的世界里，深度阅读似乎离我们越来越远。我们最大的问题不是Kindle
离开中国，而是我们自己脱离了现实)”可知，我们自己脱离了现实是最大的问题，这导致我们容易分心，
远离深度阅读。由此推知，我们需要面对阅读越来越不受欢迎的现实。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Great books transmit universal truths; get them read. How
exactly you do so is up to you. (伟大的著作传播普遍的真理；阅读它们。具体怎么做取决于你自己)”可知，
作者在探讨传统阅读减少趋势、阅读本身消亡与否之外，更多地是在分享阅读对于人的益处，希望读者去
进行深度阅读。由此推知，作者的主要目的是提倡阅读的好处。故选B项。
9.（2024·辽宁·二模）Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain way. From kindergarten all the
way to getting married, every stage of our lives seems to be preset (预置). And although this works well for a lot of
people, according to British scholar Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by.
A few months ago, a video of Shetty’s speech “Before You Feel Pressure” became popular on the Internet
across the world. In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the way” and have
the courage to follow our hearts. As Shetty says in the video, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves in the
race with our peers (同龄人) or judge our lives based on others’. “Everything in life happens according to our time,
our clocks,” he says.
In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowing got her famous “Harry Potter” series
published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions that Chinese businessman Jack
Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 years old. So we shouldn’t let anyone rush us.
As physicist Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that is
counted truly counts. The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and keep our own interest.” In Australian
nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book “The Top Five Regrets of the Dying”, she recorded the dying regrets of her
patients, and the top one on the list was: “I wish I had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the one others
expected of me.”
Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there is no perfect fit for all. We should listen to
our inner voices and ignore what the world has taught us, and what we have picked up from people around us. “It is
important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs and concerns”, Shetty told the
magazine. “It’s disconnecting from what makes sense to what actually moves you and what makes sense internally
(内在的).”
35．What does Jay Shetty agree to?
A．All people live their lives according to schedules.
B．The stages of our lives should be preset.
C．Few people have lives that follow a certain way.
D．We can live our lives not according to the given way.36．For what purpose does Shetty list three famous people?
A．To show everyone can be a winner.
B．To show great new life can begin anytime.
C．To show hard work is the key to success.
D．To show success does not happen in one’s youth.
37．What can we learn from Albert Einstein or Bronnie Ware?
A．The top dying regret was not living the life people wanted.
B．We should count and analyze everything in life.
C．One should live a life as expected by others.
D．Everything that is counted truly counts.
38．We can conclude from the last paragraph that ______.
A．people should listen to others’ advice
B．we should follow the heart and do what we want to do
C．what makes sense should not be about what people care internally
D．needs and concerns are not acceptable
【答案】35．D 36．B 37．A 38．B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了在人们的成长过程中，没有固定的模式，不要让别人打
乱自己的人生的节奏，应该根据自己的内心去追求梦想。
35．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Many of us seem to have lives that follow a certain way. From kindergarten
all the way to getting married, every stage of our lives seems to be preset (预置). And although this works well for
a lot of people, according to British scholar Jay Shetty, there is no “right” schedule to live our lives by. (我们中的
许多人似乎都按照某种方式生活。从幼儿园一直到结婚，我们生活的每一个阶段似乎都是预先设定好的。
根据英国学者Jay Shetty的说法，尽管这对很多人来说都很有效，但我们的生活并没有“正确”的时间
表。)”及第二段中“In the video, he sends an important message that we should think “outside of the way” and
have the courage to follow our hearts. As Shetty says in the video, we don’t have to get stressed and put ourselves
in the race with our peers (同龄人) or judge our lives based on others’. “Everything in life happens according to
our time, our clocks,” he says. (在视频中，他传达了一个重要的信息，即我们应该“跳出常规”思考，并有
勇气追随自己的内心。正如谢蒂在视频中所说，我们没有必要感到压力，让自己与同龄人竞争，也没有必
要根据别人的生活来评判自己的生活。他说：“生活中的每件事都是根据我们的时间和生物钟发生
的。”)”可知，Jay Shetty认为我们不必按照既定的方式生活。故选D。
36．推理判断题。由第三段中“In his inspiring speech, Shetty points out that UK author J. K. Rowing got her
famous “Harry Potter” series published at age 32, after being turned down by 12 publishers. Shetty also mentions
that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Group until he was 35 years old. So we shouldn’t
let anyone rush us. (在他鼓舞人心的演讲中，Shetty指出，英国作家J. K. Rowing在被12家出版商拒绝后，
在32岁时出版了她著名的《哈利波特》系列。Shetty还提到，中国商人马云直到35岁才创办阿里巴巴集
团。所以我们不能让任何人催我们。)”可知，Shetty列举名人的例子是为了表明伟大的新生活可以在任何
时刻开始，不必拘泥于年龄或社会预期的时间表。故选B。37．推理判断题。由第四段中“As physicist Albert Einstein once said, “Not everything that counts can be
counted, and not everything that is counted truly counts. The key to staying on our own tracks is to be patient and
keep our own interest.” In Australian nurse Bronnie Ware’s best-selling book “The Top Five Regrets of the Dying”,
she recorded the dying regrets of her patients, and the top one on the list was: “I wish I had the courage to live a life
true to myself, not the one others expected of me.” (正如物理学家Albert Einstein曾经说过的：“不是所有重要
的东西都能被计算，也不是所有被计算的东西都真正有价值。”保持在自己的轨道上的关键是要有耐心，
保持自己的兴趣。”在澳大利亚护士Bronnie Ware的畅销书《临终的五大遗憾》中，她记录了她的病人临
终的遗憾，其中排名第一的是：“我希望我有勇气过真实的自己的生活，而不是别人对我的期望。”)”可
以，推断出A选项最为接近，即人们最大的遗憾是没有活出自己想要的生活。故选A。
38．推理判断题。由最后一段“Indeed, we are all unique in our personalities and gifts, and there is no perfect fit
for all. We should listen to our inner voices and ignore what the world has taught us, and what we have picked up
from people around us. “It is important to allow people to go back to being self-aware of their own interests, needs
and concerns”, Shetty told the magazine. “It’s disconnecting from what makes sense to what actually moves you
and what makes sense internally (内在的).” (的确，我们每个人的个性和天赋都是独一无二的，没有完美的适
合所有人。我们应该倾听自己内心的声音，忽略世界教给我们的东西，以及我们从周围的人那里学到的东
西。谢蒂在接受该杂志采访时表示：“让人们重新意识到自己的兴趣、需求和担忧是很重要的。”“它脱
离了有意义的东西，脱离了真正能打动你的东西，脱离了内心的意义。”)”可知，我们应该跟随自己的心，
做我们想做的事情。故选B。
题型二 议论文的考查
1.（2024·四川达州·二模）“I spilled soup all over the table, but it wasn’t my fault”. “I got into trouble at
school, but it wasn’t my fault.” Such statements are often heard. “It’s not my fault” is actually a common response
for so many people and especially teenagers. Parents complain that they’re tired of the “excuses”.
The reason why variations of “it’s not my fault” are so popular is that they get us out of guilt, blame and
anger. Those emotions may come from others’ reactions or our own self-talks. In the case of adolescents, they are
often trying to escape responsibility and punishment for mistakes.
Some teens would benefit from decreasing their self-blame. Those who blame themselves for things that they
can’t control tend to be highly self-critical and are more likely to be anxious.
Many teens overly rely on “it’s not my fault”. However, overuse of the phrase can result in feelings of
helplessness to control their own lives. Besides, “it’s not my fault” focuses a teen’s attention on what is done as
opposed to what needs to be done. In trying to get them to assume responsibility, many parents attempt to convince
their children that something is their fault, but the approach tends to be ineffective. A more effective approach is to
face up to drawbacks to find solutions to the drawbacks actively.
People may not have caused all their problems, but they have to solve them anyway. Getting stuck in sharing
blame often keeps people from moving forward effectively. What does one do if he is pushed into a deep lake? One
could certainly stay in water, yelling, “It’s not my fault.” However, that is not going to get him out of water. At
some point, he needs to swim to shore, regardless of the fault.
Like most things in life, freeing ourselves from blame has its advantages and disadvantages. The questionisn’t what is “right”, but what is most effective in moving forward.
1．Who is likely to rely on “it’s not my fault”?
A．A highly self-critical teenager.
B．A teenager unwilling to admit a fault.
C．A teenager facing up to his responsibilities.
D．A teenager anxious about uncontrollable things.
2．What is the author’s advice on getting teens to assume responsibility?
A．Letting them focus on what is done.
B．Persuading them to admit their fault.
C．Making them correct the mistake actively.
D．Helping them analyze the reason for the mistake.
3．Why does the author raise such a question in Paragraph 5?
A．To put forward a new solution to drawbacks.
B．To show handling problems should come first.
C．To explain why teenagers get stuck in sharing blame.
D．To analyze what kind of problem is caused by others.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A．To help teenagers out of self-blame.
B．To tell parents how to educate children.
C．To help teenagers face mistakes properly.
D．To tell children to do self-talks consciously.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是许多家长对孩子“这不是我的过失”的陈述感到无奈，作者认
为这种陈述有坏的一面也有好的一面，但重要的是让孩子正确面对错误，不断进步。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The reason why variations of “it’s not my fault” are so popular is that they
get us out of guilt, blame and anger.(各种各样的“这不是我的错”之所以如此流行，是因为它们能让我们摆
脱内疚、责备和愤怒。)”可知，“这不是我的错”能使我们摆脱内疚、责备和愤怒，所以才会如此流行，
结合下文中的“In the case of adolescents, they are often trying to escape responsibility and punishment for
mistakes.(就青少年而言，他们常常试图逃避责任和对错误的惩罚。)”可知，青少年这样做就是为了逃避责
任和对错误的惩罚，由此可知，那些不愿意承认错误的人很可能依赖于说“这不是我的错”。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In trying to get them to assume responsibility, many parents attempt to
convince their children that something is their fault, but the approach tends to be ineffective. A more effective
approach is to face up to drawbacks to find solutions to the drawbacks actively.(为了让孩子承担责任，许多父母
试图让孩子相信有些事情是他们的错，但这种方法往往是无效的。更有效的方法是正视缺点，积极寻找解
决办法。)”可知，很多家长用各种方法让孩子相信有些事情是他们的错，但这些经常是无效的，更有效的
方法是让孩子正视缺点，主动寻找解决的方法，由此可知，作者建议让他们主动改正错误。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“People may not have caused all their problems, but they have to solve themanyway. Getting stuck in sharing blame often keeps people from moving forward effectively.(人们可能不是所有
问题的始作俑者，但无论如何他们必须解决问题。陷入互相指责的困境往往会阻碍人们有效地向前发
展。)”可知，作者认为不论错误是谁的，都必须先要解决为题，否则会阻碍人们有效向前发展，进而在下
文中提出问题“What does one do if he is pushed into a deep lake?(如果一个人被推入深湖中，他会怎么做?)”
并进行分析，结合下文中的“At some point, he needs to swim to shore, regardless of the fault.(在某个时刻，他
需要游到岸边，不管是谁的错误。)”可知，不管谁的错都应先游到岸边，综合以上信息可知，作者提及这
个问题是为了表明首先要解决问题，而不是追究谁的责任。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据尾段“Like most things in life, freeing ourselves from blame has its advantages and
disadvantages. The question isn’t what is “right”, but what is most effective in moving forward.(就像生活中的大
多数事情一样，把自己从责备中解脱出来既有好处也有坏处。问题不在于什么是“正确的”，而在于什么
是最有效的前进方式。)”可知，把自己从责备中解脱出来有好处也有坏处，但问题的根本不在于什么是正
确的，而是什么是最有效的前进方式，结合上文中对“不是我的错”这一流行陈述的好处和坏处的分析，
并用提问的方式表明无论谁的错，都应该先要解决问题，不断前进，所以本文的写作目的是帮助青少年如
何正确地面对错误。故选C项。
2.（23-24高三上·河北石家庄·期末）Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most
of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop
functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he deter-mines to write a
book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner
was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question: why
do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization
and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn,
the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we
can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never
going to love us——an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to
have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something
larger than our own little egos (自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate (视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.
But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such
excellence whether they are driving a truck, or running a store———make the world better just by being the kind
of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.
5．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.A．loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity
B．age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal
C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D．disability cannot stop a man´s pursuit of success
6．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
7．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A．A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live without self-pity.
C．A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以名著《堂吉诃德》的作者Cervantes的事迹为例，讲述了想要成功，就
要不断地学习，这样人生才有意义。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt
and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by
heaven-knows-what motives, he deter-mines to write a book. (他今年53岁。他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务
和不幸作着失败的斗争。一次战争受伤使他的左手失去了功能，他经常被关进监狱。不知出于什么动机，
他决定写一本书。)”可知，Cervantes已经53岁，不再年轻，前半生一直生活在不幸中，但即便这样，他还
是决定写一本书；根据第二段“The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350
years. (事实证明，这本书350多年来一直受到全世界的欢迎。)”可知，他最终实现了目标，并取得了巨大
成功。由此推知，文章用Cervantes的故事作为开始，是为了告诉读者年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn,
the opportunities are everywhere. (没什么让我们惊讶的。我们失去了惊奇感。但是，如果我们愿意学习，机
会无处不在。)”可知，从第4段可以推断出机会垂青于有好奇心的人。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段“We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We
learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us——an idea that troubles at first
but is eventually relaxing. (我们学会忍受我们无法改变的事情。我们学会避免自怜。我们知道，无论我们多
么努力地取悦别人，有些人永远不会爱我们——这个想法一开始会让人烦恼，但最终会让人放松。)”可推知，作者是想告诉我们，要学会用恰当的方式来对待生活。故选D。
8．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第六段“With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning.
Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we
have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow
humans, to work, or to some moral concept. (有了高度的动力和热情，我们就能继续学习。然后我们就会知道
在我们的生活中有意义是多么重要。然而，只有当我们对比我们的小我更重要的事情做出承诺时，我们才
能获得意义，无论是对所爱的人，对人类同胞，对工作，还是对某些道德观念。)”可知，作者的目的是为
了给人们指导人们如何过上有意义的成年生活。故选A。
3.（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need
to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two
distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the
psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive
than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion,
forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we
are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer
love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even
common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For
example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and
psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown
through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the
cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and
are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the
distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead
with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual
appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
9．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness?
A．People should offer mercy to others.
B．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
10．What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate?
A．To forgive is to love. B．To fight is to grow.
C．To dominate is to harm. D．To give is to receive.
11．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness?
A．Objective. B．Reserved. C．Favorable. D．Skeptical.12．What is message of the last paragraph?
A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．It takes practice to forgive.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通
过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the
interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are
against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they
offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，
Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们
的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，
而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他
认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we
need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of
individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does
not make for harmonious interactions. (研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，
也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制
他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不
会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For
example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发
挥了多大的作用?)”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带
来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness
plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of
the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of
harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged
accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal
relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性
方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的
循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际
关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指
出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新
建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical
perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily bornwith the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The
actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. (值得注意的是，当我
们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天
生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中
的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古
典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践
来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选
D。
4.（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything,
it’s common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some
individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing
out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve.
So what is the possible solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves,
please stop. Make a conscious decision rather than highlight the negative aspect of a person’s performance or
attitudes. You are more likely to offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If you are on the receiving end of
criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or
a personality issue of yours, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as
it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges
the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.
It’s crucial to stay connected to what the other person is talking about, and listen without getting upset, to be
an objective observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I
make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve
myself? As for chronic criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their
presence when necessary.
In any case, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or
relationship with the other party.
13．What might the author think of people who like to judge others?
A．Self-centered. B．Responsible. C．Talkative. D．Warm-hearted.
14．What does a person mean by saying “OK” according to Paragraph 3?
A．He thinks the advice is helpful. B．He completely agrees with the comments.
C．He wants to avoid unnecessary arguments. D．He defends himself with the response.
15．What is the recommended action for dealing with chronic criticizers?
A．Embrace their views. B．Criticize them in return.
C．Avoid interaction if needed. D．Engage with them regularly.
16．What is the most suitable title for the text?
A．The Art of Giving Criticism B．Mastering Self-Defense against Criticism
C．Dealing with Personal Relationships Flexibly D．The Path to Self-Improvement through Criticism
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．C 16．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了如何正确地处理批评，无论是作为批评者还是被批评者，同时
也提出了一些具体的策略，例如：通过简单地说“OK”来避免不必要的争论，以及如何对待那些习惯性批
评他人的人。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Some individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a
better person. They do this by first pointing out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you
can improve.(有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就
如何改进提供建议)”可知，作者可能认为这些人是自以为是，以自我为中心的。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges
the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.(相反，只
需回答“OK”。这个简短的一个词的回应承认了对方的评论，但不同意它，也不觉得有必要就此展开辩
论)”可知，对方通过说“OK”意在避免不必要的争论。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from
their presence when necessary.(与他们建立严格的界限是很重要的。必要时离开他们)”可知，对于那些经常批
评他人的人，文中推荐的行动是在必要时避免与他们互动。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a world where everyone has their own opinions on just about everything, it’s
common for people to be critical of each other’s mistakes and imperfections without noticing their own. Some
individuals mistakenly think it’s their responsibility to make you into a better person. They do this by first pointing
out your shortcomings directly and then providing advice on how you can improve.(在一个每个人对每件事都有
自己看法的世界里，人们对彼此的错误和不完美吹毛求疵，而不注意自己的错误和不完美，这是很常见的。
有些人错误地认为他们有责任让你成为一个更好的人。他们首先直接指出你的缺点，然后就如何改进提供
建议)”结合文章探讨了如何应对批评，无论是给出批评还是接受批评，并提出了一些建议和策略。故选
D“通过批评走向自我提升”最为合适。故选D。
5.（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may hold
private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo (禁忌).
One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a childless person.
They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as
they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that
non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are
charged with not having a proper stake in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!”
complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win
the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed but researchers find that
many voters quietly agree.
If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable
foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one
American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over
$10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social stability by
passing on their social and economic advantages to their children.
The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than itappears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do
unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some
Western countries have done. But to sustain public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more
parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high
birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many
Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today.
The childless also do everyone else a favor by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been
especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G Wodehouse and the Bronte sisters. In September
last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision was controversial, though it was hard to see
why. Few people have written as shrewdly about money or about families even though Austen did not marry, and
had no children.
17．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A．The childless often come under sharp criticism.
B．Childlessness is to future workers’ disadvantage.
C．Many highly successful people have no children
D．The childless politicians get attacked in society.
18．The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless ______.
A．have a strange way to show selfishness
B．set a bad example for young people
C．are not as generous as those with children
D．are the government’s financial burden
19．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Accepting more immigrants.
B．Reducing the pensions for the aged.
C．Encouraging parents to have more children.
D．Supporting the political leaders with no children.
20．What is the best title for the passage?
A．In defense of the childless. B．Prejudice against non-breeders.
C．Why don’t they have children? D．Measures to address childlessness.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了当今社会对不生孩子的偏见，并认为对无子女者的指控应当驳回，
他们的存在为社会产生很多好处。
17．主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. (尽管如此，没
有孩子的人还是受到了很多批评。)”并结合下文可知，本段主要讲述了无子女者常常遭受尖锐批判。故选
A。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers
who will pay for their pensions. (一些人指出，非父母者无法培养出未来的工人来支付养老金。)”和倒数第二段中的“Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do
unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some
Western countries have done. (那些没有孩子的人确实给公共养老金系统带来了压力。政府不得不做一些不受
欢迎的事情，比如像日本那样降低养老金的慷慨程度，或者像一些西方国家那样接受更多的移民。)”可知，
由于无子女者没有生孩子来为养老金系统作贡献，这会给公共养老金系统带来压力，政府不得不做一些不
受欢迎的事情。由此可推测出，无子女者遭受人们的偏见是因为人们认为他们成为政府的经济负担。故选
D。
19．词句猜测题。根据画线词it 所在句的前文“It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a
high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in
many Western countries a century ago. (如果成为父母的人有一个或两个以上的孩子，就有可能把高无子女率
和高出生率结合起来。这是一个世纪前许多西方国家的模式。)”可知，画线词it 指代前文的内容，即一个
世纪前许多国家采取的模式是鼓励成为父母的人生孩子，从而兼顾高无子女率与高出生率。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段最后一句“One old prejudice remains undisturbed, though. Just ask a
childless person. (然而，一种古老的偏见仍然受人尊敬。问问一个没有孩子的人就知道了。)”引出话题：无
子女者遭受偏见；第二段具体讲述了无子女者面对的批判；接下来几段作者分别从慈善、政治能力、人口
增长、艺术文学贡献等方面讲述无子女者的贡献。由此可推测出，本文主要指出人们对无子女者的偏见，
并为无子女者辩护，由此可推测出，A项“为无子女者辩护”最适合作本文标题。故选A。
6.（2024·山东·三模）We all enjoy being part of a group — there’s no better work than teamwork, right?
Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working
from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our
jobs harder rather than easier.
Personalities can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The
team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult
personality can make teamwork hard. Combining (结合) several challenging personality types is even harder.
Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. To successfully work as a team, you
need time together — and lots of it.
A final reason why teamwork is difficult is that there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t
just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team
members.
Teamwork can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When I have a great idea, I don’t have
anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong — I still like my team of one and enjoy
making all of the important decisions by myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the
past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information because one day I might
want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.
21．Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own?
A．To keep himself busier. B．To keep himself healthier.
C．To make his job easier. D．To make his team harder.22．Which of the following makes teamwork difficult?
A．Strong personalities. B．Lots of teamwork time.
C．Challenging ideas. D．More training on teamwork.
23．What do you need to do if you want to work on a team?
A．You need to work with others in a room.
B．You need to build trust with your team members.
C．You just need to make all decisions by yourself.
D．You need to have different ideas with your team members.
24．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．A WE TEAM has hardly any advantages.
B．A ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers.
C．A ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer.
D．A WE TEAM may be the writer’s choice one day.
25．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To show the advantages of teamwork. B．To explain the difficulties of teamwork.
C．To introduce the influence of teamwork.D．To tell the importance of teamwork.
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更容易，并解释了其中的
原因。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and
started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork
can make our jobs harder rather than easier.(团队合作可能很难。事实上，这太难了，所以我辞去了办公室的
工作，开始自己在家工作。它更适合我，它让我思考为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难而不是更
容易。)”可知，作者选择居家工作是为了让工作变得更容易。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Personalities can make teamwork difficult.(个性会让团队合作变得困
难。)”可知，强烈的个性会让团队合作变得困难。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段“You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each
other.You need to build trust with your team members.(你不能只是把人们放在一个房间里，期望他们彼此合作
得很好。你需要与你的团队成员建立信任。)”可知，如果你想在团队里工作就需要和团队成员建立信任。
故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And that’s useful information because one day I might want to turn
my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.(这是有用的信息，因为有一天我可能想把我的ME TEAM变成WE
TEAM。)”可知，WE TEAM有一天可能会成为作者的选择。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why
teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.(它更适合我，它让我思考为什么团队合作会让我们的工
作变得更困难而不是更容易。)”可知，文章主要是为了解释为什么团队合作会让我们的工作变得更困难。
故选B。7.（2024·北京海淀·二模）We are a social animal. Indeed, it is our sociality — such as the ability to make
sense of each other, to communicate, to work cooperatively and, finally, to create culture — that marks us off from
other animal species.
But then why are we everywhere striving to increase our isolation and limit our contact with others? As
musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last month, it is a striking fact about the new technologies that
have so come to shape our lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit our need for human contact. Online
shopping? Check. Automated checkout? Check. Ride hail apps? Check.
Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect, known as “autonomous
operation”. This is perhaps even more pronounced with new technologies on the horizon. Take the MOOC, the
teacher-less virtual classroom. As Byrn e notes, this is meant to deliver the values of a learning environment
without, well, without the environment — you get to stay at home — no teacher, but also, no fellow students.
Byrne isn’t claiming we are consciously choosing to isolate ourselves. We shop online because it is
convenient. The absence of contact with others is a side-effect. Maybe even an unavoidable one, as one of the
things that makes online shopping so easy is precisely the absence of contact with other people.
But Bryne’s thought is that whatever our intention, the tendency of our tech to isolate us may be a feature,
not a bug. His hypothesis is that we actually, at some level, crave (渴望) the increased isolation and we are actually
making technologies to satisfy impulses that, in some way, go beyond or against our social nature. But I wonder, is
this really new?
Even if we are social by nature, and do everything we can to embed ourselves socially, the need to find ways
to be alone is, well, nothing new. It’s also striking that the very activities that risk separating us — in the old days,
books, newspapers, TV; nowadays, the latest apps also connect us. We read about each other. What we read gives
us information to share with each other.
I am well aware of the data that shows the more time you spend on social media, the sadder and more
isolated and envious you feel of others. But how novel is the isolating effect of social media? Being there reminds
me a lot of what it was like to be social in high school — you have a vivid sense of your status and your standing in
relation to others, and you have to deal with that.
This may be isolating, sure. But it’s the isolating face of the social lives we’ve always had. It is isolating
because of the ways technology brings us into real contact with others, not because it removes that contact.
I wonder whether more isolation is a real option, after all.
26．Which of the following best reflects “autonomous operation”?
A．Getting a toothbrush via a hotel delivery robot.
B．Teaching mom how to establish a smart home.
C．Seeking help by calling human customer services.
D．Having an online meeting at home with colleagues.
27．Which of the following might the author agree?
A．Technology offers fresh insights into our social status.
B．Actions seemingly isolating can bond people.C．Social platforms help bring people closer.
D．Social media has come to define our life.
28．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．What Technologies Do to Human NatureB．Do Technologies Shape Our Lives?
C．How Isolation Changes with ConnectionD．Can We Erase Human Element?
【答案】26．A 27．B 28．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在线购物和社交媒体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独，但同时
强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会，反映了现代社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。
26．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect,
known as “autonomous operation”. This is perhaps even more pronounced with new technologies on the horizon.
Take the MOOC, the teacher-less virtual classroom. As Byrn e notes, this is meant to deliver the values of a
learning environment without, well, without the environment — you get to stay at home — no teacher, but also, no
fellow students. (效率是关键。我们通过限制人的方面来获得效率，被称为“自主操作”。随着新技术的出
现，这一点可能更加明显。以MOOC为例，即没有教师的虚拟课堂。正如伯恩所指出的，这意味着在没有
环境的情况下，传递学习环境的价值——你可以呆在家里——没有老师，也没有同学)”可知，通过限制人
为因素（即自主操作）来提高效率。由此推知，通过酒店送货机器人获取牙刷正好符合“自主操作”的定
义，因为这一过程中没有人为的参与，完全由机器人自主完成。故选A。
27．推理判断题。由文章第六段中“Even if we are social by nature, and do everything we can to embed
ourselves socially, the need to find ways to be alone is, well, nothing new. It’s also striking that the very activities
that risk separating us — in the old days, books, newspapers, TV; nowadays, the latest apps — also connect us. We
read about each other. What we read gives us information to share with each other. (即使我们天生具有社交性，
并尽我们所能融入社会，寻找独处方式的需求也不是什么新鲜事。同样令人吃惊的是，那些有可能把我们
分开的活动——在过去，书籍、报纸、电视；如今，最新的应用程序也连接着我们。我们互相了解对方。
我们所读的东西给我们提供信息，让我们彼此分享)” 可推知，作者认为看似孤立的行为实际上可以让人们
产生联系。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“But then why are we everywhere striving to increase our
isolation and limit our contact with others? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last month, it is
a striking fact about the new technologies that have so come to shape our lives, that they have precisely this effect:
they limit our need for human contact. Online shopping? Check. Automated checkout? Check. Ride hail apps?
Check. (但是，为什么我们到处都在努力增加我们的孤立，限制我们与他人的接触呢？正如音乐家David
Byrn在上月发表的一篇文章中所指出的那样，新技术如此塑造了我们的生活，一个令人震惊的事实是，它
们恰恰具有这样的效果：它们限制了我们对人际交往的需求。)”可知，文章主语讨论了在线购物和社交媒
体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独，但同时强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会，反映了现代
社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。由此可知，D项“Can We Erase Human Element? (我们能抹去人
类元素吗？)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
8.（2024·河北唐山·二模）I like an organized, clean house. I am, however, often in the minority in thehouse.
Every time I walk in the front door and make the turn to hang my coat in the mudroom (Amudroom is a
space set aside in a house where people can take off their outdoor clothing, remove their soiled shoes, store
equipment), I frown at the mess that meets my eyes. Lots of shoes littered all over the floor, along with slippers (拖
鞋) and anything you can imagine. No matter how many times I attempt to restore the scene, this room immediately
ends up back in mess.
The other day I started to think about why the mu droom is the most challenging room to keep in order. I
came to the realization that it is because the mu droom is both the beginning and the end, it is the jumping off point
to the adventures of our day and it is the storage ground when the sun sets. In turn, those four walls have become a
holder of memories, and a museum of my family’s treasures, as each item tells a story of those that I love most.
The bright white Nike high tops cast off on the floor belong to my oldest son, nearing 12,presenting his
emerging fashion sense. The worn black and blue runners introduce my youngest,a lively tornado in a 10-year-old’s
body.
The slippers belong to my husband. They were a Christmas present from the boys and me many years ago.
During the colder months, it is the first thing that my husband does when he return s home from work, he slips on
those grey wool slippers and continues to settle in. He loves and wears them so much that the initial pair wore right
through the toe. He won’t part with those treasures but now has a second pair; the exact same make and model.
Recently it occurred to me that my annoyance at the mudroom chaos is temporary. This disorder will last
only a few years. The boys are getting older, and the toys and mess will move on ... as will my sons eventually. This
makes me sad for what I know will feel like a big loss. Each day that I see that collection of goods means that my
house is full of love, energy, passion and family.
29．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 2?
A．Intense desire to be clean. B．Strong ha te of the mudroom.
C．Ongoing struggle to maintain order. D．Great tension between her and her family.
30．What can we learn from the author’s reflection?
A．Her regret and restart. B．Her wonder and willpower.
C．Her frustration and forgiveness. D．Her acceptance and appreciation.
31．Why does the story refer to the husband’s slippers?
A．To prove their comfort. B．To show their emotional value.
C．To offer insight into his daily life. D．To praise his money management.
32．What is the best title of the text?
A．Loss? Universal Gain! B．Chaos? Life’s Loving Marks!
C．Litter? Proof of Daily Routine! D．Mudroom? Family’s Obligation!
【答案】29．C 30．D 31．B 32．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者喜欢整洁，但是家里的房间总是很难整理好，经过反思，作者
认为家里的乱也透露出了家庭的友爱和活力。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Every time I walk in the front door and make the turn to hang my coat in the
mudroom (A mudroom is a space set aside in a house where people can take off their outdoor clothing, remove theirsoiled shoes, store equipment), I frown at the mess that meets my eyes. Lots of shoes littered all over the floor,
along with slippers (拖鞋) and anything you can imagine. No matter how many times I attempt to restore the scene,
this room immediately ends up back in mess.(每次我走进前门，转身去把外套挂在储物间（储物间是房子里留
出的一块地方，人们可以在那里脱下户外的衣服，脱掉脏鞋子，存放设备），我都会对眼前的混乱皱眉。
地板上到处都是鞋子，还有拖鞋和任何你能想到的东西。不管我试着恢复多少次，这个房间马上就又乱
了)”可知，作者想在第2段告诉我们维持秩序的持续斗争。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“In turn, those four walls have become a holder of memories, and a museum of
my family’s treasures, as each item tells a story of those that I love most.(反过来，这四面墙也成了记忆的储藏地，
成了我家珍宝的博物馆，因为每一件藏品都讲述了我最爱的人的故事)”可知，我们可以从作者的反思中了
解到作者的接受和感激。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The slippers belong to my husband. They were a Christmas present from
the boys and me many years ago. During the colder months, it is the first thing that my husband does when he
return s home from work, he slips on those grey wool slippers and continues to settle in. He loves and wears them
so much that the initial pair wore right through the toe. He won’t part with those treasures but now has a second
pair; the exact same make and model.(这双拖鞋是我丈夫的。它们是许多年前我和孩子们送给我的圣诞礼物。
在寒冷的月份里，我丈夫下班回家后做的第一件事就是穿上灰色羊毛拖鞋，继续安顿下来。他非常喜欢穿
这双鞋，以至于最初的一双鞋都能漏出脚趾头。他不会放弃那些珍宝，但现在他有了第二双；一模一样的
牌子和型号)”可知，这个故事提到了丈夫的拖鞋是为了显示情感价值。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Each day that I see that collection of goods means that my house is full of
love, energy, passion and family.(每天我看到这些收藏品，就意味着我的房子里充满了爱、活力、激情和家
庭)”结合文章讲述了作者喜欢整洁，但是家里的房间总是很难整理好，经过反思，作者认为家里的乱也透
露出了家庭的友爱和活力。可知，B选项“混乱？生命的可爱印记！”最符合文章标题。故选B。
题型 阅读理解
A
（2024·安徽合肥·三模）In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story The Birth-Mark, a chemist called Aylmer
marries a young woman, Georgiana, whose only imperfection is a red spot on her left cheek. He considers it a
“terrible flaw”. So she asks him to use his skills to remove it. At length Aylmer creates a medicine that has the
desired effect: to kill her without pain.
Hawthorne’s story illustrates the harm of perfectionism. It is Thomas Curran’s starting-point for a study of
what he calls a “hidden epidemic(流行病)”. He thinks the endless efforts for higher standards is mainly a disaster.
As a social psychologist at the London School of Economics, Mr. Curran describes himself as “a recovering
perfectionist”. Drawing on both academic research and his own experiences, he makes a convincing case.Mr. Curran distinguishes between two sorts of perfectionism. The first, which looks inward, is the
unforgiving self-criticizing of the hardworking employees. A second version, directed towards others, is commonly
found in bosses who have unrealistic expectations of their staff and sharply criticize their supposed failings. Its
victims tend to feel lonely. Often they think about harming themselves.
Having noted the potential negative effects, Mr. Curran suggests some causes. These include a lack of job
security, unreasonable requirements by helicopter parents and the unhealthy advertising, which fuel consumption
and anxiety.
“The economy”, he claims, “is based on our discontent. Social media flood users with images of finely
sculpted bodies, seemingly perfect dresses and unbelievably romantic weddings.”
His greatest attack, though, is directed at society. In this he draws on the thinking of Michael Sandel, a
philosopher at Harvard. Especially in the book, The Tyranny of Merit, Professor Sandel has argued that using
achievements as a sorting machine leads to a society that is divided into just winners and losers, while ignoring the
common good. Like Mr. Curran, Professor Sandel has a good point.
1．Who can be considered as the second type of perfectionist by Thomas Curran?
A．Aylmer. B．Georgiana. C．Michael Sandel. D．Nathaniel Hawthorne.
2．According to Thomas Curran, a healthy economy should .
A．not have winners or losers B．provide job security for everyone
C．be free from advertisements D．not be driven just by anxiety
3．What does the author think of Michael Sandel’s criticism of the society?
A．Unfair. B．Convincing. C．Misleading. D．Gentle.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．The Imperfection of Our Society B．A Review of The Tyranny of Merit
C．Comments on Thomas Curran’s Study D．Effective Ways to Deal With Perfectionism
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要评价了Thomas Curran有关完美主义的研究。
1．推理判断题，根据第一段“He considers it a “terrible flaw”.(他认为这是一个“可怕的缺陷”)”及第三段
“A second version, directed towards others, is commonly found in bosses who have unrealistic expectations of
their staff and sharply criticize their supposed failings.(第二个版本是针对他人的，通常出现在那些对员工抱有
不切实际期望、并尖锐批评他们所谓的缺点的老板身上)”可推断，Aylmer属于逼着别人完美的那种人。故
选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Having noted the potential negative effects, Mr. Curran suggests some causes.
These include a lack of job security, unreasonable requirements by helicopter parents and the unhealthy advertising,
which fuel consumption and anxiety.(在注意到潜在的负面影响后，柯伦提出了一些原因。其中包括缺乏工作
保障、直升机父母的不合理要求以及助长消费和焦虑的不健康广告)”可知，Thomas Curran认为一个健康的
社会不应该过度鼓励消费及贩卖焦虑。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Like Mr. Curran, Professor Sandel has a good point.(和柯伦先生一样，桑德
尔教授说得有道理)”可知，作者认为Michael Sandel的批评是令人信服的。故选B。4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Drawing on both academic research and his own experiences, he makes a
convincing case.(根据学术研究和他自己的经历，他提出了一个令人信服的理由)”结合文章主要评价了
Thomas Curran有关完美主义的研究。故C选项“评托马斯·柯伦的研究”最符合文章标题。故选C。
B
（2024·重庆·模拟预测）Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the
ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be
acted upon.
The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has won against unbelievable difficulties. The Helen
Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it
in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-
lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the
decisions we make every day.
The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our
personal integrity. Integrity is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It’s our ability to make and keep
commitments to ourselves — to “walk our talk.” It’s honor with self, a fundamental part of the character ethic, the
essence of active growth.
Effective management is putting first things first. While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is
management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline, carrying it out.
Discipline stems from disciple (追随者) — disciple to a philosophy, disciple to a set of principles, disciple to
a set of values, and disciple to an ultimate. purpose. In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self,
your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your
own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your
moods after those values.
That placement requires a purpose, a mission. It also requires independent will, the power to do something
when you don’t want to do it, to be a function of your values rather than a function of the urge or desire of any
given moment. It’s the power to act with integrity to your first creation.
5．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “the Helen Kellers” in paragraph 2?
A．To explain a reason. B．To highlight a point.
C．To make a prediction. D．To give a definition.
6．What do the underlined words “walk our talk” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Put words into deeds. B．Display confidence.
C．Stop talking big. D．Strike a balance.
7．To achieve effective self-management, what will the author probably recommend?
A．Seeking external support. B．Undertaking more missions.
C．Sticking to one’s own values. D．Following one’s desires.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．The Secret Behind Self-discipline B．The Magic of Personal IntegrityC．The Power of Independent Will D．The Road to Effective Management
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是独立意志的力量。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of
the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not
the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from
learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day.(这个世界上的海伦·凯勒们戏剧性地证
明了独立意志的价值和力量。但当我们在有效自我管理的背景下审视它时，我们意识到，通常不是戏剧性
的、可见的、一生一次的努力带来持久的成功。赋权来自于学习如何在我们每天做的决定中运用独立意
志。)”可知，作者在第二段提到“海伦·凯勒们”的目的是强调作者后面提到的观点，故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves(它是我们对自己做
出承诺并信守承诺的能力)”可知，划线短语walk our talk的意思是“信守承诺，把言语付诸行动”，和put
words into deeds意思相近，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第五段“In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes
from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and
their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values.
(换句话说，如果你是一个有效的自我管理者，你的自律来自内心；它是你独立意志的功能。你是自己内心
深处的价值观及其源头的门徒、追随者。你有意志，正直，把你的感觉，你的欲望，你的情绪放在这些价
值观之后。)”可知，为了实现有效的自我管理，作者可能会推荐坚持自己的价值观。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Independent will is what really makes effective self-management
possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act
rather than to be acted upon.(独立意志使有效的自我管理成为可能。它是一种做出决定和选择，并据此行动
的能力。它是行动的能力，而不是被行动的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是独立意志的力量，因此最好的
标题是C选项“The Power of Independent Will(独立意志的力量)”。故选C。
1.（2024全国甲卷）
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and
I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by
George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it
beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the
characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a
traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver,
but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I
wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t
guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.
Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You
have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits
what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for
whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try
to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see
what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it
might provide what you need to get there.
32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
34. What is expected of a good ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.
35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐
述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志
如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my
junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished
reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his
patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大
学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治•艾略特的
《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。
33.推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way
again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted
an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen,
historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样
的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到
的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，
见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。
34.推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so
much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come
from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为
结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适
合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是
符合故事的发展。故选B项。
35.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how
to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks
down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final
chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就
是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果
是短篇小说，彼得•蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白•西姆
斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”
可知，作者提到彼得•蒙福德和伊丽莎白•西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写
出更好的结尾。故选B项。
2.（2023全国乙卷）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people ofBenin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳
入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had
texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and
until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲
述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类
较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事
情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some
chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本
和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作
者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文
“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian
side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方
面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是
一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面
的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements mostpowerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所
有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通
过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我
们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of
that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅
要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，
如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以 conversation指的是“历史”。
故选B。
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had
texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一
部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而
世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读
文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史
就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
3.（2022北京卷）
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how
quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges
with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps
keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics.
B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum.
D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】31 A32. C33. A34. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克
里斯•约翰逊和物理学家菲利普•泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may
mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers
can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着
量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的
工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最
后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约
翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑
的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
32.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (
幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have
been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time
quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度
上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问
题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33.词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”
（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应
该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解
的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.
Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many
smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to
turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（现在，大
型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们
“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一
段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像
泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投
资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像
它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯•约翰逊和物理学家菲利普•泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
4.（2022天津卷）
Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make
some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow
perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A
good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our
character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a
destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their
happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only
when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work
accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty,
we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only
enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently,
our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others
also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.
If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car can’t move;
if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the rightknowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the
impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?
A. Making us simple-minded
B. Making us short-sighted.
C. Leading us onto a busy road.
D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?
A. Through maintaining good health.
B. By going through pain and suffering.
C. By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations.
D. Through offering help much needed by others.
53. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________.
A. less selfish
B. less annoying
C. more motivated
D. more responsible
54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?
A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B. When our love for the world is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind to the reality.
55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________.
A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge
.
【答案】51B52. D53. C54. A55. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生
而有益。
51.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is
sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导
致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我
们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
52.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in
return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
53.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we
do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的
事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做
某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。
54.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危
险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的
结局。故选A项。
55.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing
good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱
和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
5.（2020北京卷）
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms(算法)carry out huge volumes
of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are
translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we
humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is
something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong”
or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence(AGI). In some respects, today's powerful
computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the
clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the
development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their mission statement reads,
“we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an
imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra- intelligent machine…
that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest
that “the first ultra -intelligent machine "could be “the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by
many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does
eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with
recognisably human motivations such as aggression ( 敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University
philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn
against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities
presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's
foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever:
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity. B. Changeable daily.C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What could A GI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems.
B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people.
D. Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A. supportive B. disapproving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred about A GI from the passage?
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。
42.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on
our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one
language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我
们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，
划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与 D 选项“Present
everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。
43.细节理解题。根据第二段 AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all
available data, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并
利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用
人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems(帮助
解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。
44.推理判断题。根据第三段 Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even
probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-
intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自从
人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创
造出一台“超智能机器……它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作者认为
Irving Good 对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此 B 项
“disapproving(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。
45.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I
believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的
人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到 AGI)可推断出，通用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A
项。
6.（2019全国III卷）
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief
creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-
inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The
exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China;
some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason
Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most
famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just
another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about
China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally
acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks.
B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion.
B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models.
D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【答案】24. B25. A26. D27. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚界的影响。
24.细节理解题。根据第三段中 The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in
Chinese influences.可知，此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。故
选B。
25.细节理解题。根据第四段中Hill所说的话“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement.”(中国模特是向世界各地的女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚运动的面孔，这意味
着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。)可知，Hill说中国女性正在引领新时尚，
故选A。
26.词义猜测题。根据下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说在设计和销售上击败他们，由此
推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs 的意思是Vera
Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与 Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞
争”，故选D。
27.主旨大意题。本文通过Amanda Hill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚
中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故选
D。
7.（2018北京卷）
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from
materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles
began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the
way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities
across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it
takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse,
depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),
policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排
放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make
sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where
most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed
highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They
take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for
parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have
already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars
worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%
and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and
cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be
fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance
issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become
comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t
extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological
advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more
people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety. B. Side effects.
C. Affordability. D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed. B. Replaced.
C. Shared. D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful. B. Positive.
C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
【答案】47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
47.推理判断题。根据第二段 While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless
cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic
jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.可知，政策制定者应该讨论无
人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多
关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
48.推理判断题。根据文章第一段 But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our
transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.可
知，不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如
何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
49.词义猜测题。根据第四段The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by
ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责
任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服
务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed被应用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D.
Reduced被减少。故选A。
50.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段 The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and
states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future
is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的 advancement，move more people, and more affordably.以及plan for it
可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和
情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词
句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、
中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
如本题最后一题为观点态度题，根据文中reduce carbon emissions，cut the cost of transportation
infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% ，appealing，comfortable，advancement，move more people, and
more affordably.，等词汇可以推断出作者对无人驾驶汽车持积极态度。故选B。
8.（2021天津卷）
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of
things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation,
branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less
and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing
levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also
weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and
realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled
to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold
back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into
specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who
can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your
interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor
Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by
the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese
philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the
interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad,
general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
51. To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A. narrow his range of knowledge
B. avoid responsibilities at work
C. know more about the society
D. broaden his perspective on life
52. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A. treasure their freedom
B. travel around the world
C. spend most time working
D. enjoy meeting funny people
53. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A. is fully aware of his talent and ability
B. is a pure specialist in medicine
C. should love poetry and philosophy
D. brings knowledge of other fields to work
54. What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A. Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D. Ways to Become a Generalist
【答案】51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A
【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
51.推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or
research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专
家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越
多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩
小他的知识范围。故选A。
52.细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.
…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继
日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
53.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one
who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一
位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将
其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
54.推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in
all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you
discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的
一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的
例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese
history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn
more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历
史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推
断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选
D。
55.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a
specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being
specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常
对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of
subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从
整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a
Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
