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第 09 讲 副词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································2
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································3
考点一 副词的句法功能
知识点1 副词的句法功能与位置·····························································································3
知识点2 常考衔接副词·············································································································5
考点二 副词的构词规律
知识点1 形容词变副词的规则变化························································································5
知识点2 形容词变副词易错点··································································································6
知识点3 易混副词与形容词辨析 ·······················································································7
考点三 副词的级别变化
知识点1 副词比较级和最高级的规则变化············································································8
知识点2 副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化 ··································································8
知识点3 副词比较等级的重要句型及秒杀技巧···································································9
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································10
2.命题演练 ·································································································································11
题型 年份 卷别 考点统计 考情分析
语法 2024 全国甲卷 greatly → great； 分析近年高考真题可知，近年新课标I卷 rarely → rare ;
新课标II desperately非常、拼命地（完
来，高考副词主要考查：
卷 形）；Basically → (basic)
1. 副词与形容词之间 的词形转
Different(difference);
2023 全国甲卷
换；
beautifully→beautiful
填空
2. 副 词的比较级和最高级；
全国乙卷 remarkable (remark)
、
3. 副 词的语法功能；
Finally最终（完形）；originally
短文
浙江1月
4. 副 词词义辨析 。
改错 → original;
【复习目标】
、 新课标I卷 eventually→eventual
1. 系统复习并掌握 副 词的句法
完形 新课标II accidentally→ accidental；
填空 功能；
卷 helplessly（完形）；
2. 掌握 副 词的规则变化和不规
全国乙卷 largest（large）;greatly→great
2022 则变化；
meaningful (meaning); highest
全国甲卷 3. 熟练运用 副 词比较等级相关
（high）
句型及用法 。
roughly→rough； Similarly（完
浙江卷6月
形）；考点一 副词的句法功能
知识点1 副词的句法功能与位置
副词（adverb）：常翻译为“......地”或“.....得”，常以-ly后缀结尾或形副同形的。
功能：用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。在句中作状语、
表语、宾语补足语等的作用。根据作用，副词常分为时间副词、地点副词、程度副词、关系副
词、疑问副词、方式副词、频度副词等。
位置：1. 在句子中用作状语时，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置 ；
2. 在句子中作表语时位于系动词之后 ；
3. 在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面 ；
4. 在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面 。
易错提醒：1.有些以ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。如：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly
等。
2. enough作副词时，总是置于被修饰的词之后。
1. 作状语：副词在句子中用作状语时，修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前
面、句首等位置；
例1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解）“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling
that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering
plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
达鲁说：“我们对探索采样中容易使数据产生偏差的方面特别感兴趣，例如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开
花植物而不是旁边的草。”
例2.（2021年全国乙卷书面表达） Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently.
此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。
典例1.（广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题）Each woman’s story was (vast) different,
which gave me the confidence to give my walk a try,” Maxwell told the BBC．
典例 2.（广东省广州市 2023-2024 学年高三训练试卷） It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who__
(enthusiastic) recite poetry alongside the characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey.
2. 作表语：副词作表语多表示主语的方位、方向、动作或状态等，位于系动词之后。如：in, on, out,
back, down, up, away, off, downstairs等。
例1. （2021年全国乙卷听力）From now on, you’re going to have to stay away from salty food.
从现在起，你不能吃咸的食物了。
例2. Swimming is out until the weather gets warmer.
天气转暖前，游泳是不可能的。
例3. I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived.
我知道，不论我在人生中需要面对什么，我都要坚持，我都能挺过来。
3. 作定语：有些地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，位于所修饰或限制的修饰词之后。
例1. The people here are extremely nice.
这儿的人都好极了。例2. The room upstairs if for you.
楼上的房间是给你的。
4. 作补足语：在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面。
例1. （谚语）An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
一天一个苹果，医生远离我。
知识点2 常考衔接副词
though“然而，可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所
以”； moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”； besides“另外，还有”； however“然而”； instead“相反，
代替”； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”； otherwise“否则”。
例1. The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
例2. （2021年浙江卷）During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to buy some small
things she needs.
然而，在周一到周五，她喜欢去附近的一家商店买一些她需要的小东西。
例3. The house was too expensive and too big. Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
典例（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）To be sure, li or rites and yue or music are important. , ren is the
No.1 principle of being a decent man.
考点二 副词的构词规律
知识点1 形容词变副词规则变化
类别 例词
clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly,
形容词＋后缀-ly
sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容 happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily,
词，把y变成i再加-ly noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加ly)
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably,
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉
comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例
e，再加-y
外：whole→wholly)词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
再加-ly
词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-
full→fully, dull→dully
y
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically,
词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally
automatic→automatically
知识点2 形容词变副词易错点
1．大部分以字母e结尾的形容词不去e，形容词变副词直接加-ly
immediate→immediately 立刻地
fortunate→fortunately幸运地
absolute→absolutely 绝对地；完全地
polite→politely 有礼貌地；客气地
expensive→expensively昂贵地
2.-le结尾的形容词变为-ly
simple→simply 简单地；仅仅
gentle→gently 轻轻地；温柔地
terrible→terribly 非常；可怕地；极度地
possible→possibly 可能地；也许
probable→probably 大概；或许
comfortable→comfortably 舒服地；安乐地
3. 以“元音字母＋e”结尾的形容词去e加-ly
true→truly真实地
4. 特殊情况
whole→wholly完全地；全部
shy→shyly害羞地
dry→dryly干燥
full→fully充分地
dull→dully单调地
5. 以字母ic结尾的形容词加-ally变为副词
specific→specifically 特别地；明确地
basic→basically 主要地，基本上
scientific→scientifically 系统地；合乎科学地
academic→academically 学术上；学业上
historic→historically 关于历史事件，从历史观点上说
classic→classically 古典主义地enthusiastic→enthusiastically热情地
典例1.（福建省宁德第一中学2024年高三检测试题）Unlike conventional building block toys, Zhang aimed to
create a model made (complete) of authentic mortise and tenon components.
典例2.（2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）The museum was (origin) constructed to
house the vast art collection belonging to oil tycoon J. Paul Getty.
知识点3 易混副词与形容词辨析
1. 意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), late(晚，
迟)/lately(最近), most(很，最)/mostly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。
例1. He works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。(副词，意为“努力地”)
The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了，我简直不敢相信这是真的。(副
词，意为“几乎不”)
例2. It was twelve o'clock sharp.现在12点整了。(副词，意为“整点，恰好”)
“Don't talk nonsense”， she said sharply. “别胡扯”，她严厉地说。(副词，意为“严厉地”）
例3. One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.一个人要学会努力奋斗，
但要公平奋斗，赢而不骄，输而不失风度。(副词，意为“公平地”)
It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。(副词，意为“相当，很”)
例4. May Day is drawing near.五一即将到来。(副词，意为“在附近；不久以后”)
My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近60岁，他教得很好。(副词，意为
“几乎，将近”)
例5. Paper is running short.纸快用完了。(副词，意为“短缺地”)
He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。(副词，意为“不久”)
例6. What struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。(副词，much的最高级，意为“最”)
It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。(形容词，意为“很；十分；极其”)
They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词，意为“大部分地，主要地”)
2. 有些副词有两种形式： 以 -ly 结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义 。如：close接近/
closely密切地，仔细地； wide宽地/widely广泛地； high高地/highly高度地； deep深地/deeply深深
地。
例1. He worked deep into the night.他工作到深夜。
He is deeply moved .他被深深地打动了。
例2. Open your eyes wide.睁大你的眼睛。
English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被普遍应用。例3. Stand close to the door.站的挨着门。
Listen closely.仔细地听。
例4. He jumps high.他跳的很高。
He is highly spoken of.他被高度评价。
考点三 副词的比较等级
知识点1 副词比较级和最高级的规则变化
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词末一般直接加er和est hard harder hardest
单音节词以e结尾，只加r和st wide, late wider, later widest, latest
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加er和est early earlier earliest
多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most happily more happily most happily
知识点2 副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
little less least
far farther距离远的 farthest距离最远
far further距离更远；程度更胜 furthest距离最远；程度最深
知识点3 副词比较等级的重要句型及秒杀技巧
一 比较级和最高级的重要句型
1. as＋副词原级＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋副词原级＋ as...“不如……”。
John plays football as well as, if not better than，David.
约翰踢足球如果说不比大卫强，至少和他踢得一样好。
2. 比较级＋than...“比……更”；less...than“不如……”。
He rises earlier than anyone else in his class.
他比班里其他人都起得早。
This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.他们今年生产的谷物比去年少。
3. the＋比较级，the＋比较级，“越……越……”。
It's believed that the harder you work, the better result you'll get.
人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。
4. the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个？
5. “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义。
I've never heard a better voice than yours.
我从未听到过比你的更好的嗓音。
名师提醒：1. 类似用法的结构： can't/couldn't ... too＋adj./adv.＝can't/couldn't ...
＋adj./adv.＋enough 表示“无论……也不为过”。介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。2. 如果在
一定的地域空间内进行比较用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。
典例 1.（福建省宁德第一中学 2024 学年高三检测试题）Located in the Forbidden City of Beijing, this
architectural treasure boasts the ___ (delicate) design and elegant shape among Chinese royal buildings.
典例2.（河北省石家庄市2024年石家庄市一中高三试题）Because of decreasing precipitation (降水), it is
even_________ (hot) during this period than during Major Heat.
变式训练 1．（2024 年河北省省级联测高三试题）Zhaoling Tomb is a (full) restored tomb
according to the old site of the Ming Dynasty, which is magnificent with high pines and glorious halls.
变式训练2.（湖北省宜荆荆恩2024年高三起点试题）Whether you are exploring the streets of Liuzhou or
enjoying a bowl in a distant land, Luosifen is sure to leave a lasting impression on your taste buds, providing a____
(true) unforgettable gastronomic (美食的) experience.
二 比较级和最高级的秒杀技巧
提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性不变时，则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
（1）等级判定找暗示
1. 题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时，用比较级。
2. 空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时，用最高级。
3. 空前有one of the, the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
The students study even harder than before.
学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建 的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。（2）利用固定句型
1. “the＋比较级， the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
2. “比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越……”。
3. “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
一、 真题实战
1.（2023年全国乙卷改错）However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair.
2.（2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）So, what are they learning? ________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
3.（2022 年浙江卷 1 月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ________（rough） 200
academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two
years ago.
4.（2021年天津卷第二次） The police searched the area for several days. ________, they found the piece of
evidence they were looking for.
A. Generally B. Originally
C. Eventually D. Unfortunately
5.（2020年新课标III卷）As the small boat moved, (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the
mountains being silently reflected in the water.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024年福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）At age 26, she was hired as a resident physician in the OB-
GYN department of the PUMC Hospital (immediate) after she graduated.
2.（2024年河北省百师联盟高三联考）He showed Pakistani jade(玉器) products, (special) designed
for the Chinese market, and expressed hope for a better year compared to the previous one.
3.（江苏省百校联考2024年高三试题）To make taijiquan (increase) popular, Chen also developed a
simplified version of some of the moves to help people relax at the office.
4.（湖南省长沙市南雅中学2024年高三试题）The neighborhood has changed over the decades, but the theater
still stands tall and is (current) managed by the National Peking Opera Company.
5.（湖南师范大学附属中学2024年高三试题） He attached great importance to training talents in different
fields, for example, in laws. （unlucky）, these policies harmed the interests of the upper classes and his
reforms eventually failed.6.（湖南省永州一中2023-2024学年高三试题）These products have proven (awful) popular with
Generation Z consumers.
7.（湖南省岳阳市湘阴校联考2023-2024学年试题）Few people would (real) finish the whole silk route
journey, because they just traded certain local crafts such as silk, blanket and carpet, etc. with other merchants.
8.（湖南省邵东市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）While round and (primary) made of flour, nang
can vary in different ways.
9.（湖南省邵阳市邵东创新实验学校 2024届高三试题）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I
was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
(constant) growing.
10.（湖南省常德市第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）With each step then sub-divided into several
procedures, it takes (rough) 30 steps to produce a woodblock print.
