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25田静语法笔记 公众号【大年的资料库】整理分享
Part1 简单句
第一章 简单句的核心
第一节 简单句的核心构成
•Whatis 简单句？
答：最简单的句子，即描述一件事的句子
•Whatis 简单句的核心构成？
答：n.(主语)+v.（谓语）——简单句在这里描述了一件事，只能一个主语搭配一个动词，
作谓语（一主一谓，一一搭配）
•Whytolearn 简单句的核心构成？
答：可以根据谓语动词的不同去判断动词后边的句子成分
•由于谓语动词的不同，还可以再细分成五个种类
•不及物动词vi.-这个动作不涉及到别的物，主语自己把这件事做完
•及物动词 vt.-这个动作主语不能完成，必须作用在别的人或别的东西身上
1.主谓=主语+不及物动词(vi.)
Everybodyelseloses.(2019,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Smallerspeciessurvived.(2006,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
2.主谓宾=主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US... (2023,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text1)
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too…(2017,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds.(2003, Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
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3.主谓双宾=主语+及物动词(vt.)+两个宾语（同时接人或类似于人的对象，如机构、学校、
公司、政府+物）
...railroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate...(2003,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text3)
•主谓双宾有两种写法：vt.+人+物=vt.+物+介词(to-表示方向/for-表示目的)+人
Theygavejusticespermanentpositions.....=Theygavepermanentpositionstojustices.(2012,Use
ofEnglish)
Iboughtyouapresent.=Iboughtapresentforyou.
4.主谓宾补=主语+及物动词(vt.)+宾语+宾语的补足语（简称宾补）
Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen.....(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
Thespookscallit"opensourceintelligence,"....(2003,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
... changes in the economy...make gainful employment increasingly difficult...(2004,Useof
English)
5.主系表=主语+系动词+表语
Thisisadangerousgame....(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
系动词 含义 真题例句
•Trust is a tricky business.(2018, Use of
是（单独使用，无其他 English)
be
实义动词） •...many discussion are not so successful.(2019,
ReadingComprehension,PartB)
•...their behavior became markedly different.
(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
get, become, turn,
变得，成为 •This courageous attitude in fact becomes a
go,grow
requirement for the performers of Beethoven's
music.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartC)
•Theylookcute.
(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
look, sound, smell, 看/听/闻/尝/感觉起
•And most folks still feel pretty comfortable
taste,feel 来……（感官动词）
abouttheirability...
(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
•The prospect seems remote.(2010, Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
•Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a
seem, appear/keep, 似乎……/保持……/ major goal.(2012, Reading Comprehension,
remain,/prove 证明，显示出…… PartC)
•... the retreat from predominance proved
painful.
(2012,ReadingComprehension,Passage1)
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第二节 简单句的核心变化——谓语动词的变化
主语+谓语动词（动词的时态、情态、语态、否定、强调）
•Whatis 谓语动词的时态？
答：时态指的是时间+状态，时态主要通过谓语动词的变化来体现。
•Whytolearn 谓语动词的时态？
答：通过时态能够了解事情发生的时间和状态。
一、谓语动词的时态（√表示需重点掌握的时态，考研当中会重点考察）
时态 过去 现在 将来 过去将来
一般 √ √ √ √
进行 √ √
完成 √ √
完成进行
1.一般时态
（1）一般过去时：谓语动词=did(指的是完全发生在过去的事，现在已经不再这样)
Theproblembeganlatelastyear.(2023,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
Thisscaletooknumerousfactorsintoconsideration.(2013,UseofEnglish)
...this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.(2014,ReadingComprehension,
PartB)
（2）一般现在时：谓语动词=do/does(该时态表示现在的事，比如现在的状态、动态)
Sofartheresultsareinconclusive.(2009,UseofEnglish)
Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.(2012,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30000 journals.(2023,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText4)
Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites.(2014,
ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.(2000,ReadingComprehension,Passage2)
Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.(2001,Translation)
（3）一般将来时：谓语动词=will+do或am/is/aregoingto+do（表示现在的之后将要发生的
事）
Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
...thepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?(2003,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
...theproblemswillbedifferent.(2002,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobe
able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.(2005,ReadingComprehension,Part
C)
（4）（一般）过去将来时：谓语动词=would+do或was/weregoingto+do(表示过去的之后)
They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power.(2012,Use
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ofEnglish)
For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors...was going to be the next
casualty.(2002,ReadingComprehension,Passage1)
2.进行时态
（1）过去进行时：谓语动词=was/weredoing（在过去的时间段内某事正在进行或持续进行）
Hewassearchingfortinyengravedseals…(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services
Group…(2011,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
（2）现在进行时：谓语动词=am/is/are+doing（现在某事正在进行或持续进行）
Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.(2004,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
The astronomy is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.(2017, Reading
Comprehension,PartAText2)
（3）将来进行时：谓语动词=willbe+doing （其中be动词永远用原型be）（将来某事正在
进行或持续进行）
Now,rivalswillbechargingsalestax...(2019,ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
3.完成时态
（1）过去完成时：谓语动词=had+done(站在过去的时间点回头往之前看，表示从过去到过
去的之前这一个时间段内发生的事情)
He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.(2006,
ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Theinterviewershadratedapplicantsonascaleofonetofive.(2013,UseofEnglish)
...heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringthepreceding
twentyorthirtyyears.(2008,ReadingComprehension,PartC)
区分：过去完成时（过去的之前，先发生）vs.一般过去时（过去，后发生）
Roman Catholicism had been the state religion...(2007,UseofEnglish)(该句表示从过去的之前
到过去，表示这一个时间段都是这种状态)
（2）现在完成时：谓语动词=have/has+done（现在的之前）
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.(2017,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.
(2012,UseofEnglish)
For the most part, the response has been favorable…(2011,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text1)
Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion
abroad.(2010,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeen alicenseto printmoney.(2020,ReadingComprehension,Part
AText2)
Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.(2004,UseofEnglish)
补充：完成时态中间经常会加上副词表示强调，如 already(已经)/just(刚刚)/ever(曾
经)/never(从不)/also(也)/long(长时间以来)...
现在完成时vs一般过去时
宏观上：两者涉及的时间不同。
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...theresponsehasbeenfavorable...现在完成时：站在现在看过去，既能表示过去又能表示现
在，即从过去到现在；现在的之前
...theresponsewasfavorable...一般过去时：只能表达过去，不能表达现在
微观上：做完和没都做完（做完的可以换成过去，没做完的就不能换成过去）
现在全部完成，可以换成过去时
①
Hehasleft,soIcannotfindhimnow.（描述侧重点在现在）
Helefttwohoursago.（描述侧重点在过去）
现在部分完成，不能换成过去时
②
WehavelearnedEnglishfor15years. （现在还在学）
WelearnedEnglishfor15years. （现在不学了）
（3）将来完成时：谓语动词=willhavedone（将来的之前）
...relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-television,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.
(2001,Translation)
4.完成进行时态(某一时间之前，某事正在进行)
（1）现在完成进行时：谓语动词=have/hasbeendoing
现在完成时vs现在完成进行时
角度相同 都表示“现在的之前”
两种时态 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
have/has+done have/hasbeen+doing
强调不同（公众号：大年的资料库） 强调结果（做完与否都 强调过程
可以）
例句 Wehavenotwonthematch. We have been working hard
forseveralmonths
The kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. (2003,ReadingComprehension,
PartAText1)
Bid chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide... (2019,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text4)
（2）过去完成进行时：谓语动词=hadbeen+doing（了解即可）
（3）过去完成进行时：谓语动词=willhavebeen+doing（了解即可）
考场攻略
谓语动词的时态要重点掌握，谓语动词的时态能够帮助你准确理解句意，帮助解题。
例：
Iloveyou.(我爱你)
Ilovedyou.(我爱过你，现在不爱了)
在考研阅读中，会出现专门针对时态设置的“混淆时间/混淆时态”的错误选项：
例:2008年阅读 Text3第34题
Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire Gordon, senior
① ②
anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the
uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for
③
basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to
④
predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and
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large,“youcouldusetoday'sdataandfeelfairlyconfident."
34. Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture .
[A] thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize.
[B] thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.
[C] genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.
[D] theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.
重点看B选项，”willremain”是一般将来时，表示现在的之后，即“军队制服的设计将不会
改变”，随后定位到原文，原文中”hasnotchanged”是现在完成时，表示现在的之前，原文与
选项时态对不上，该选项错误。
二、谓语动词的情态
现在时 过去时
must 无
can could
will would
shall should
may might
注：could,would,should,might可表示过去，也可以表示现在的更委婉的语气，也可以用于虚
拟语气中
情态=情态动词+动词原形(表达对某件事的情绪态度)
情态动词的时态变化——有限（通常只有现在和过去两种时态）
情态动词的人称变化——无
情态动词变否定/疑问——直接加not/直接提前
1.情态动词表示“情态”
情态动词 含义 真题例句
must 必须 •...wemustalsoactwithcaution.(2012,ReadingComprehension,
PartB)
•Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions.
(2019,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
can 能够/可以 •...and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our
could basiccognitivefunctions.(2014,UseofEnglish)
•Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?(2017,UseofEnglish)
will 愿意/将要 •The first draft will appear on the page... (2008, Reading
would Comprehension,PartB)
•Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.
may 可以/可能 •...expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other
might wayaround.(2011,UseofEnglish)
•Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the
effectsofpsychologicalstress.(2011,UseofEnglish)
should 应该 •Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help
fromatherapist.(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
2.情态动词表示“推测”
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Must表示“肯定，一定”
can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”
其他表示推测的可理解为“可能、也许”
Thedetailsmaybe(“可能是”)unknowable...(2010,ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
Suchsearchescantake(“可能”，表示推测)years.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
It might be (“可能是”)poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must ...
have (“ 肯 定 是 ”) something to do with the soul of the human being. (2014,Reading
Comprehension,PartC)
情态动词+do 推测现在
情态动词+bedoing 推测现在正在进行
情态动词+havedone 推测过去（公众号：大年的资料库）
... the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleading interpretation of
whathappened.(2010,UseofEnglish)
Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.(2006,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. (2007,Reading
Comprehension,PartB)
...public-health advocates ought to(=should do) take a page from advertisers...(2012,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
三、谓语动词的语态
1.被动语态的构成：be+done
确定“被动的动作”，变为过去分词
①
确定“被动的时间”，把be变成对应的时态
②
根据主语，确定be动词的单复数
③
如果强调被动的动作发出者，即强调“被谁做”，可以在”bedone”后加上“by+动作的发出者”
2.被动语态与时态的结合
这些评论家（过去）被遗忘 Theseriteswereforgotten. 一般过去时的被动
了。 was/were+done
这些评论家（现在）被遗忘。 Thesecriticsareforgotten. 一般现在时的被动
am/is/are+done
这些评论家将会（现在的将 Thesecriticswillbeforgotten. 一般将来时的被动
来）被遗忘。 willbe+done
这些评论家过去将会（过去 Thesecriticswouldbeforgotten. 过去将来时的被动
的将来）被遗忘。 wouldbe+done
这些评论家过去正在被遗 Thesecriticswerebeingforgotten. 过去进行时的被动
忘。 was/were+done
这些评论家现在正在被遗 Thesecriticsarebeingforgotten. 现在进行时的被动
忘。 am/is/arebeing+done
这些评论家过去已经（过去 Thesecriticshadbeenforgotten. 过去完成时的被动
的之前）被遗忘了。 hasbeen+done
这些评论家现在已经（现在 Thesecriticshavebeenforgotten. 现在完成时的被动
的之前）被遗忘了。 have/hasbeen+done
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Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthistendency...(2019,ReadingComprehension,PartC)
3.被动语态与情态的结合
...weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and
societies.(2009,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Those first few days should be spent looking for work.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text1)
考场攻略
谓语动词的被动语态建议重点掌握，五大题型都有考察，尤其阅读、翻译和写作中必考。
考研阅读：同义改写——主被动互换
例：2020年英语一阅读 Text1
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapply
①
forthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedby
Glasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008. AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeof
②
disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the
post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows what will follow-village of culture? Suburb
ofculture?Hamletofculture?
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas .
[A]asensiblecompromise.
[B]aself-deceivingattempt.
[C]aneye-catchingbonus.
[D]aninaccessibletarget.
考研翻译：被动的三种翻译方式
考研写作：被动语态+主语从句，考研必备的高分句型
四、谓语动词的否定
1.实义动词变否定—do/does/did+not+动词原形
Americanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.(2011,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
Itdoesn'tworkverywellforverylong.(2012,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
2. 系动词、助动词和情态动词变否定
例如：be动词、情态动词、完成时态中的have/has/had等
—助动词和情态动词+not(be动词、情态动词、完成时态中的have等)
Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
... average height... hasn't really changed since 1960.(2008,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text3)
补充：
Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels is not being cheated.(2005,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)(两个be动词同时出现，变否定时，not加在第一个be
动词后面)
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五、谓语动词的强调
do/does/did+ 动词原形
Althoughthefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter.(2006,UseofEnglish)
But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future.(2005, Reading
Comprehension,PartAText2)
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and
"nasty."(2017,ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
考场攻略
谓语动词的三态变化（时态、情态、语态）建议重点掌握，否定和强调简单了解。
每个为谓语动词一定会有时态，但可能不止时态这一种变化。
谓语动词的五种变化，不管怎么变，永远作为一个整体，算一个谓语动词。
攻略1：抓住谓语动词，就抓住了句子最核心的表述动作或内容
... national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and
developmentfunds...variedfromaround4%to25%.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
攻略2：通过定位谓语动词，找到复杂多变的主语
... national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and
developmentfunds...variedfromaround4%to25%.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
攻略3：通过谓语动词的数量，判断长难句中包含了几件事
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more and more
diverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoice
theiropinions in quicker,more visible, and muchmore damaging ways. (英语一，2011,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText3)
名词、代词
非谓语动词doing
主语、宾语、表语的变化 非谓语动词todo
并列多个
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第二章 简单句的扩展
（公众号：大年的资料库）
第一节 词性角度的拓展
一、限定词
通常主语、宾语、表语可由名词来充当，而名词前常常用限定词来修饰限定。限定词主要包
括冠词、数词、名词所有格等。
The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to the future.(2007,Useof
English)
MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsdirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefrom afew
hundreddollarstomorethan2500.(2009,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
By the third generation, one third of(三分之一) Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics,
and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.(2006, Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
Mark Twain`s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. (2004,Reading
Comprehension,PartAText4)
补充：名词也可以限定名词
MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.(2010,ReadingComprehension,
PartAText2)
二、形容词、副词
例：Theangryboyshoutedangrily. 生气的男孩生气地喊。
1.形容词、副词作修饰成分
（1）形容词修饰名词
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Theideaseemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserve.(2012,ReadingComprehension,
PartAText1)
Theirthinkingoftenhada traditionalsuperstitionsquality.(2009,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text4)
（2）副词通常修饰动词、句子、形容词及其他的副词
副词修饰动词
①
MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy`sviews.(2023,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text1)
...and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.(2014,
UseofEnglish)
副词修饰句子
②
Similarly,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.(2011,UseofEnglish)
Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.(2000,ReadingComprehension,Passage2)
副词修饰形容词或其他的副词
③
Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.(2006,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
...becausetheyaresocloselytied.(2012,UseofEnglish)
2.形容词、副词的三种比较级别
（1）原级比较
as+比较的内容（adj./adv.原形）+as+比较的对象 “和……相比一样的……”
Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.(2000,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.(2014,ReadingComprehension,
PartAText3)
（2）比较级
adj/adv.的比较级+(than+比较的对象)“(和……相比)更……” 通常用于两者之间的比较
注意：比较级是在形容词或副词词尾加er或是前加more。
...younger, healthier people can realize their potential.(2003,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text4)
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in
theoilprice.(2002,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
（3）最高级
adj/adv.的最高级+(介词短语表示比较的范围) "(……范围内)最…”
通常用于三者或以上的比较（公众号：大年的资料库）
注意：最高级是在形容词或副词词尾加est或是前加most,并且在最高级前再加上the。
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Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney...(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
【补充】三种比较的级别只针对形容词和副词，其他词性没有。
【补充】原级比较的比较对象都会加上，但是比较级和最高级的比较对象有时会被省略，隐
含在上下文中。
三、介词短语(prep.)
介词后必须接词，可接名词、代词（宾格）、动名词（doing）来构成介词短语。
介词短语又叫介宾短语，后接的成分作宾语。
介词短语是简单句的扩展部分，是句子的非核心成分。
1.表示时间的介词
介词 表达含义
at/on/in 在……时间点/时间上/时间内
before/after 在……时间之前/之后
from,since 自从……时间
by,until 截止到（直到）……时间
for 持续……时间
during 在……期间
Onacoldwinter`sday,fewculinarypleasurescanmatchit.(2010,UseofEnglish)
Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death...(2010,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text1)
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific
enterprise.(2012,Translation)
For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule…(2011,ReadingComprehension,
PartAText2)
During his lifetime, ... he was also one of England’ s foremost classical-music critics...(2010,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’sremainingcolonies.(2007,Useof
English)
2.表示地点或范围的介词
介词 表达含义
at/in 在……地点/在……里面
on,above,over/under,below,beneath 在……上面/下面
infrontof/behind 在……之前/之后
near/by,beside,nextto 在……附近/在……旁边（挨着）
between,among 在……之间（between表示两者之间；among
表示三者或以上的之间）
around 在……周围
into/outof 进入……里面/从……里面出去
onto/off 到……上面/脱离……
across,through/past 穿过……/经过……
along 沿着……
from/to,towards 来自……/朝着……去
beyond 超过，超过（指在范围内）
第12/17页25田静语法笔记 公众号【大年的资料库】整理分享
Thelink betweendreams andemotions showsupamong the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.(2005,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.(2010,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)（公众号：大年的资料库）
3.其他用法的介词
介词 表达含义
of ……的……（表示属性）
（“AofB” 通常翻译为“B的A”）
about 关于……
with/without 伴随着有……/没有……
for 为了……（表示目的）
因为……（表示原因）
对于……（表示对象）
by 通过……方式或方法
被……做（被动语态+by+动作的发出者）
相差了……（表示变化的差额）
as 作为……
像……一样，如同……
like 像……一样
despite,inspiteof 尽管……
Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonggenius.(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
...mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
First,they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.(2012,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process...(2011,Reading
Comprehension,PartB)
In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate...has increased by more than 50 percentage...(2000,
ReadingComprehension,Passage4)
Thelatterwasseenasaconsequenceofgeneticisolation.(2008,UseofEnglish)
Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems.(2000,
ReadingComprehension,PartB)
第二节 成分角度的拓展-同位语、插入语
1.同位语
用来解释说明名词，通常放在其解释的名词之后，可以用一个词、一个词组甚至一句话来作
同位语。
...thenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords"environmentalchange"or"climatechange"have
increasedrapidlysince2004.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Tip：专有名词常后接同位语，表示对专有名词的解释说明；还有可能反过来，普通名词后，
专有名词作同位语表示解释说明。
ItsaidthatInternet Explorer 10,the versiondueto appear withwindows8, wouldhave DNTas a
第13/17页25田静语法笔记 公众号【大年的资料库】整理分享
default.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
Tip：同位语表示进一步的解释说明，常伴随着一些标志性的标点符号，如：逗号，破折号，
冒号。
Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged:" We believe consumers should have
morecontrol,"(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)（公众号：大年的资料库）
Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters.
(2010,ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)
2.插入语
后来插入句子中的成分，表示想补充说明的内容。通常插入语两端会出现成对的逗号、破折
号或括号，但有时候没有标点隔开。
主谓结构作插入语
①
You can, Mr. Menand points out , become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in
four.(2011,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
副语作插入语
②
Thesefacts,however,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.(2008,UseofEnglish)
介词短语作插入语
③
Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record
Exam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.(2007,ReadingComprehension,Passage2)
注：同位语和插入语都是对于句子的补充说明，因此都是非核心部分，在考研的长难句分析
当中可以先略去不看。尤其是旁边有逗号或破折号隔开的时候，可以率先省略，降低句子难
度。
【考场攻略】
攻略：如何利用简单句的核心和扩展提高考研英语分数。Girlsplaygames.→Girlsareplaying
games.→Cute girls are playing games happily.→Thousands of cute girls are playing games very
happily.→After class thousands of cute girls are playing games games very happily on the
playground.（从前到后是写句子的过程，读句子是从后到前的过程。）
读句子：去扩展，找核心
In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof
2020onaninternationalsolution.(2020,ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)（红色为句子主
干部分）
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第三章 简单句的提升——非谓语动词
•什么是非谓语动词？
答：一个句子只能有一个谓语，句子中有了谓语之后，其余动词均为非谓语动词。
•什么时候用非谓语动词？
答：句子中有了谓语动词后，用非谓语动词。
•非谓语动词有哪几种？
答：doing/done/todo,doing,done,todo这三种形式只有单独出现，旁边没有其他动词，才是
非谓语动词
第一节非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语（核心成分）
非谓语动词中只有两种可以作主语、宾语、表语——doing和todo
一、非谓语动词doing/todo作主语
1.doing作主语
...sufferingisinevitable..(2014,ReadingComprehension,PartC)
...laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.(2011,UseofEnglish)
Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,”...(2011,ReadingComprehension,Part
AText2)
On the other hand, putting your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price.(2018,Useof
English)
2.todo作主语
...to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.(2019,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
注意：通常情况下，doing经常放句首，todo放句尾，写作中也建议以这种方式去写句子。
Todosoisimportant.=Itisimportanttodoso.(2002,UseofEnglish)
Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.(2020,ReadingComprehension,PartC)
Soitseemsparadoxicaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.(2009,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
一、非谓语动词doing/todo作宾语（doing能做动宾，介宾，todo只能作动宾）
1.及物动词后，非谓语动词doing/todo作宾语
Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.(2000,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention.(2005,ReadingComprehension,PartA
Text4)
Thedecisionmadeitmoredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.(2019,
ReadingComprehension,PartAText4)(宾语够长才能作形式宾语，并且在主谓宾补句型当中)
2.介词后，非谓语动词doing/todo作宾语
ThefarmersoftheConstitutionenvisionlawashavingauthority apartfrompolitics.(2012,Useof
English)
Thinkingisessentiallyaprocessofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.(2014,UseofEnglish)
3.介词后，非谓语动词doing/todo作表语（位于系动词后的为表语）
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Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.(2013,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.
(2018,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
【补充】非谓语动词doing也可以作表语，跟在系动词后，但在考研英语中不太常见，不用
掌握。
【补充】主系表结构中，主语和表语都可以用非谓语动词doing和todo。但如果同时使用，
请注意前后一致，即主语和表语同时都用doing或同时都用todo。
...todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone....(2009,ReadingComprehension,PartAText1)
第一节 非谓语动词作定语、状语（扩展成分）
doing,done,todo这三种形式只有单独出现，旁边没有其他动词，才是非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词修饰名词，作定语
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.(2005,UseofEnglish)
The include materials sponsored by energy industry associations.(2023,ReadingComprehension,
PartAText1)
Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning“values.”(2002,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearch
toajournal.(2008,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapublictrust.(2012,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
注：三种非谓语动词都可以起到修饰的作用，修饰名词时，通常放在名词前后，作定语。
一、非谓语动词修饰句子，作状语
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family
economics.(2007,ReadingComprehension,PartAText3)
Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an
extension.(2012,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
Totestthisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionprocess.(2013,UseofEnglish)
People are ... poor at considering background information when making individual
decisions.(2013,UseofEnglish)
Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordecline
it.(2008,ReadingComprehension,PartAText2)
内容要点
1. 非谓语动词，还是动词，但是不做谓语了
当简单句中“一主一谓”已经搭配好时，多余的动词一律变为非谓语动词
2. 非谓语动词一共有三种：doing/done/todo
3. 注意非谓语动词的完整性：
第16/17页25田静语法笔记 公众号【大年的资料库】整理分享
如果是及物动词，要后接宾语；还可以再加入解释说明、修饰限定的形容词、副词和介词短
语，构成一个较长的非谓语动词词组。
4. 非谓语动词的用法
【考场攻略】
攻略1：非谓语动词词组的完整性
The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage
thoughtfuldownloadingand...meaningfuluploading.(2012,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
攻略2：准确找到非谓语动词所修饰的对象
Isawapassingplane.（非谓语动词修饰plane）
Passingthecafe,Isawafriend.(非谓语动词修饰整个句子)
Archaeologists commonly use computer to map sites and the landscapes around sites. (2014,
ReadingComprehension,PartB)(todo在这修饰整个句子)
准确找到非谓语动词所修饰的对象：一是非谓语动词的位置，二是与句子间是否有逗号隔开，
三是代入法，把前后的名词或句子主语分别代入到非谓语，看意思是否合适
攻略3：准确找到非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语
Inadulthood,lookingatsomeoneelseinapleasantway(主语)canbe(谓语)acomplimentary.sign
ofpayingattention(宾语).(2020,ReadingComprehension,PartB)
The main purpose of this“clawback” rule is(系动词) to hold bankers accountable for harmful
risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions( 表 语 ). (2019, Reading
Comprehension,PartAText1)
攻略4：非谓语动词的去留
如果非谓语动词在句子中作主语、宾语、表语，在简化句子时要保留；如果作定语或状语，
则简化句子时可以先去掉不看。
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