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第 13 讲 过去分词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 ·························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航 ·························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究 ·························································································································3
【基础详单】
知识点 过去分词的概念及特点 ·······························································································3
过去分词考点一 过去分词的句法功能
知识点1 作定语 ························································································································4
知识点2 作补语 ························································································································5
知识点3 作表语 ························································································································5
知识点4 作状语 ························································································································6
知识点5 非谓语动词解题步骤··································································································7
过去分词考点二
知识点1 过去分词用于省略句“连词+过去分词”·····························································7
知识点2 过去分词用于独立主格结构 ···················································································8
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战······································································································································8
2.命题演练······································································································································9
题型 年份 卷别 过去分词 功能 考情分析新高考I卷 closed 作表语
新旧高考英语语法填空有关动词的题对比：
2024 新高考II卷 inspired 作定语
新高考：分析近年高考真题可知，新高考在
浙江1月 designed 作定语
命题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点与长难句
新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 作定语
综合运用的考查，对非谓语动词的各种形
全国甲卷 intended 作定语 式，结合语态进行综合设题，难度较大。
2023 全国乙卷 built 作定语 旧高考：侧重动词时态和主谓一致，相对简
语法 单。
天津卷第一次 posted 作定语
填空 复习目标：
浙江1月 surrounded 作定语
掌握过去分词的基本用法。
全国甲卷 held 作定语
掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。
2022 全国乙卷 shared 作定语 掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状
语的用法。
北京卷卷 supported 作定语
浙江1月 studied 作定语【基础详单】
知识点1 过去分词的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词
（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式
上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。过去分词构成形式：done
过去分词基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中
不可作谓语，可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。
考点一 过去分词句法功能
知识点1 作定语
1. 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作；
2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
【名师提醒】过去分词作定语，表示被动，相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。
例1．The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
例2．I spotted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。
例3．The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
例4．The houses built last year are for the teachers.
=The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备
的。
典例 1.（2024 新高考 II 卷）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s
Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was
built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
典例2.（2023新高考I卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【变式训练】1.（2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测）Together through Connectivity”,the competition centered on the
global practices of China’s modernization drive and highlighted the universal understanding of the BRI’s spirit
and China’s strong desire to build a community with a (share)future for mankind.
【变式训练】2.（2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测） (write) poetry is thought to have been recorded about
2000 BC with The Epic of Gilgamesh.知识点2 作补语
场合 用法 示例
1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如 notice, let, I heard the song sung in English.
观感类 make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
使役类 feel。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。
动词后 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词如 have, get,
He spoke in a loud voice in order to make
keep, leave, make等后。
himself heard.他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。
1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、 With his homework finished, he went to the
with结 已完成的动作； park to play.
构 2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生 作业写完了，他便去公园玩了。
的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作； She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
【名师提醒】过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语，该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。
例1. He is a humorous man and he always keep s u s amused with his jokes.
他是个很幽默的人，总是用他的笑话让我们消遣。
例2. I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。
典例1.（2024·重庆·三模）By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo had
completed the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses (equip) with
multimedia classrooms.
典例2.（23-24高三·四川泸州·阶段练习）With its fascinating history, cultures and customs (bring)
back to the island by overseas Chinese, the atmosphere of Haikou is more than worth experiencing.
【变式训练】1.With all the books he was interested in (buy), Tom left the bookshop with great
satisfaction.
【变式训练】2.The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current events.
知识点3 作表语
1.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人
的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如：amazed（感到惊讶的）； bored（感到无聊的）；confused（困
惑的）；delighted（开心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定决心的）； disappointed（失望
的）；excited（兴奋的）；embarrassed（尴尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力尽的）；frightened（令人惊骇
的）；frustrated（消沉的）； interested（感兴趣的）；satisfied （满意度）；surprised（吃惊的）；moved（感动的）
The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。
2.be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如：gone消失了，不在了； fallen落下的；
known著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。
【易错提醒】1.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作，作表
语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语，说名主语的身份、性质或情况，主语大多是物。
表示“令人......的”。
例1. The window is broken.（系表结构，表示主语the window所处的状态broken）这扇窗户碎了。
例2. The window was broken by Tim.（被动语态，表示动作）这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。
例3. The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
典例1.（2024·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）Because it is so (hide) and the land on either side of the canyon
is the same height, people sometimes come across it without warning.
典例2.（2024高三·全国· 模拟试题）It is recognised that people making friends online are afraid of getting
(cheat).
【变式训练】Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams.
知识点4 作状语
过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句
子主语之间的被动关系；为了强调，还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。
例1. Warned of the danger , he still went skating on the thin ice.（=Though he was warned...）虽然被警
告危险，他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。
例2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students .教授走进教室，几个学生跟在后
面。
例3. Given more time , I can finish the work.（=If I am given...）
例4. Seen from the hill , the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。
典例1.（2024高三·福建·期末） (see) from above, the shape of this building is like a figure“8”or the
infinity sign “∞”.
典例2.（2024四川高三期中） (strike) by the beauty of the moment, we sat there, feeling proud to
have witnessed such a magical sight.【变式训练】1. (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for
scholars.
【变式训练】2.First (manufacture) in Shanghai in the 1940s, White Rabbit wasn’t only a household
name in China, it also was used as gifts for foreign dignitaries (政要).
知识点5 非谓语动词解题步骤
归纳
1. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
2. 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。
作主语或宾语，常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况；
作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式；
作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语，常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，若是被动关
系，用过去分词。
考点二 过去分词用于省略句
知识点1 连词+过去分词
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致，且从句中含有 be动词
时，可以省略be动词，如果，从句中是被动结构时，即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
例1. When completed , the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。
=When it is completed, ...
例2. Though he was warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
= Though warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
典例1.（23-24高三·福建·期末）To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless (handle)
properly, will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts.
典例2.（2024高三·河北石家庄·阶段练习）To guarantee security, children, when ( accompany) by
their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
【变式训练】1. The passengers on board were asked to fasten their seat belts as (instruct) the moment
they settled down.
【变式训练】2.Though still (practice) today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be.知识点2 过去分词构成独立主格结构
“名词/代词+过去分词”中，名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语，与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，
是分词动作的承受者，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
例1. All our savings gone , we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。
= Because all our savings had been gone...
例2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it .
专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力全用在上面了。
例3. Many things settled , the manager looks relaxed.
很多事情处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。
典例1.（2024高三·重庆模拟）A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum,
the most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars.
典例2.（2024·高三全国模拟）Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright; Head (bend), in homesickness I am
drowned.
【变式训练】Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention________ (fix) on it.
一、 真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.（2024·浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2.（2023·全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than
3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system
of ring roads.
3.（2022·北京卷）Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly _______ (support)
by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
4.（2021·新高考II卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
5.（2020·浙江卷 1 月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
6.（2020 全国 II 卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with redenvelopes and messages of good fortune.
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. （2024·河北高三模拟）As China has more than 297 million people (age) 60 and over, according to
the latest statistics, this day has grown in popularity over the years.
2. （2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟）The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a
circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径).
3.（2024高三·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）All the opinions and ideas (collect) from others can give the
decision maker a more comprehensive picture of the current situation and help him or her make a correct decision.
4.（2024高三·广东·阶段练习）In 2004, a museum (dedicate) to Qiaopi opened in Shantou City,
Guangdong, where almost all families have saved such letters in their homes.
5. （2024高三·湖北·模拟预测）High-end Dragon Well, tasting like spring’s first green vegetables accented by
chestnuts (roast) with sugar, can sell for 15 to over a hundred dollars an ounce.
6.（2024·江西九江·二模）Among the over 5,000 precious relics (excavate)from the ruins, the most
eye-catching is the Golden Sun Bird.
7.（四川省绵阳市高中2023-2024学年诊断试题）One day when she is cycling to school, she bumps into
a handsome student named Souta, who turns out to be a “Closer” — a person _____(charge) with
“closing doors to another world”.
8.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年高三试题）Abduk Basit Khan, a Pakistani exhibitor participating in the
expo for the second time, attended the fair. He showed Pakistani jade(玉器) products, specially designed
for the Chinese market, and expressed hope for a better year ______ (compare) to the previous one. He
mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade products, and his businesshas been operating in
China for 10 years.
9．（2024·福建·高三模拟） (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major
exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
10．（2023·河南信阳·高三试题） (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company
eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
