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第 2 讲 有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词
技法一 如何确定名词的词形变化
名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词所有格和名词的词形变化。
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.A number of Olympic high
(technology) have been applied for the
1.有数词或者these，those， first time in Beijing to ensure its goal of
several，many，all，both， carbon neutrality.
various，a number of 等词修 2.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The rolling sea of
饰时，名词用复数形式。 clouds you see once you are at the top will
名词变复数
2.前有“one of”修饰时，名 remind you how tiny we (human)
词用复数形式。 are.
3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则 3.“Making coins was one of the greatest
作主语的名词用复数形式。 financial (activity) in human
history，” said researchers，adding that
it allowed wealth to be traded easily.
提示词与后面的名词为所属关
系，应考虑名词所有格。单数 4.(2022·河北衡水中学二调)These
名词或不以s 结尾的复数名 Yungang (researcher) attempt
名词所有格
词，在词尾加’s；以s 结尾 is a good example of technology helping to
的单数或者复数名词，在词尾 preserve cultural heritage.
加’。
提示词为名词，如果作定语修
饰后面的名词或前面有比较级
修饰，则一般考查名词变形容
5.(2021·全国乙)Provide (finance)
词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-
aid and other benefits for local peoples.
名词变 able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-
6.(2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will
形容词 less；-ly；-ous等构成形容
make the hiking trip even more
词，如：terrible，national，
(meaning).
useful，wooden，healthy，
careless，monthly，dangerous
等。
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或 7.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft
名词变动词 非谓语，则一般考查名词变动 surfaces，do exercises to (strength)
词。一般在名词词尾加后缀- your leg muscles，avoid hills and get gooden；-ize或前缀en-等构成动
词，如：strengthen，
running shoes.
apologize，encourage，
endanger等。
附表 名词变复数
变化规则 典型例词
一般在词尾加s；如果是以ch，sh，s，x trees，bikes，books，buses，
等结尾的单词，则加es watches，boxes，bushes
辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加
规 babies，families，boys，plays
es；元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s
则
以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)、
变
两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加 radios，photos
化
s
以f或fe结尾的单词，通常把f，fe变为v
wives，knives，wolves
再加es
man→men，woman→women；
特殊变化 tooth→teeth，foot→feet；
child→children；mouse→mice
Chinese，Japanese，people，
单复数同形
sheep，deer，fish
注意 1. 除了上表中的情况以外，还有一些特殊变化的名词如：
German→Germans human→humans stomach→stomachs chief→chiefs belief→beliefs
2．两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词，如 apple trees，factory workers；但是和
man，woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数，如women teachers，men doctors
技法二 如何确定代词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语
时，应考虑人称代词主格(I，we，
1.(2022·湖南湘潭三模)She showed
you，he，she，it，they等)形式。
_______(they) the microwave，water
人称代词 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语
dispenser(饮水机) and refrigerator in
或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格
the space kitchen.
(me，us，you，him，her，it，
them等)形式。
物主代词 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语 2.(2022·山东济南模拟)All (we)时，应考虑形容词性物主代词 yuanxiao are handmade，because it
(my，our，your，his，her，its， is the only way to maintain the
their等)形式。 traditional flavor.
2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语 3.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)As the song
或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑 goes，this long and winding road
名词性物主代词(mine，yours， “will never disappear”，and it will
his，hers，its，ours，theirs等)形 always stick in the visitor’s
式。 memory.It sure does in (I).
4.(2022·山东聊城一模)Although
提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介
several hundred people have claimed
词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一
__________(they) as eyewitnesses of
人时，应考虑反身代词(myself，
反身代词 some giant apelike creatures in
yourself，himself，herself，itself，
Shennongjia，there is no tangible
ourselves，yourselves，themselves
evidence to confirm the existence of a
等)形式。
“wild man”.
技法三 如何确定形容词和副词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.(2022·浙江1月)On a website called No
Fly Climate Sci，for example，
1.若空格处的词修饰动词、形
(rough) 200 academics—many of them
容词、副词或全句，应考虑副
climate scientists—have promised to fly as
形容词变副 词形式。
little as possible since the effort started two
词、名词 2.若空格处在动词前作主语或
years ago.
介词或形容词后作宾语，应考
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ)Filled with
虑名词形式。
(curious)，the artist packed his bags and
left.
根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确
定句意表否定时，可以添加否 3.Over the past decades，the country has
形容词、副
定前缀(il-，un-，im-，dis-等) lost more than 30% of its forest cover due to
词变反义词
或否定后缀(-less等)变为反义 (legal) logging.
词。
1.空前有much，far，still， 4.(2021·浙江6月)When the house was
even，rather，a little，a bit，a built，it was much (small) than it is
形容词、副
lot，a great deal，than等标志 today.
词变比较级
性词时应考虑用比较级。 5.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The amazing thing
2.句型“the＋比较级．..，the about the spring is that the colder the＋比较级．..”表示
“越……，就越……”。 temperature gets，the (hot) the
3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较 spring！
级”表示“越来越……”。 6.—Did you have a good sleep last night？
4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最 —Yes，never sleep (well).
高级含义。 7.Compared with other provinces，they are
5.句中如果没有标志词，但暗 also (large) in number，and have
含比较级的意思，也需要用比 bigger impact.
较级。
1.设空后有表示范围的标志词
8.China’s new-generation high-speed
in，of，among等时，用最高
train，the Fuxing Hao，is now one of the
级。
(fast) trains in the world.
2.设空前有one of the，the＋
形容词、副 9.(2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao
序数词等修饰词时，用最高
词变最高级 has walked through 34 countries in six
级。
continents，and in 2016，he reached the
3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗
top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s (high)
含最高级的意思，也需要用最
mountain.
高级。
附表1 形容词变副词的规则
变化规则 典型例词
一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元 immediate→immediately，
音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly polite→politely，true→truly
以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y possible→possibly，probable→probably
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly happy→happily，healthy→healthily
以-ic 结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically，basic→basically
以-ll 结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully，dull→dully
注意 以下单词是特殊的形式：whole-wholly public-publicly shy-shyly
附表2 形容词、副词变比较级或最高级
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
tall taller tallest
一般单音节词，末尾加-er，-est
great greater greatest
以不发音的-e结尾的单音节词和少 nice nicer nicest
数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st simple simpler simplest
big bigger biggest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-
hot hotter hottest
er，-est
“以辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节 easy easier easiest
词，变y为i，再加-er，-est busy busier busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词， clever cleverer cleverest
末尾加-er，-est narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面
important more important most important
加more，most来构成比较级和最高
easily more easily most easily
级
Group 1 达标练
1．(2022·重庆长寿期末)After reform and opening-up，teahouses flowered in China with the
development of the economy and evident improvement of (people) living standards.
2．(2022·福建莆田质检)A highlight of the villages is the dining halls，which will offer 678
dishes to athletes from diverse cultural (background)．
3．(2022·福建漳州二检)As is shown in the comments of the audience，the spirits of the heroes
who fought bloodily for our country and the people have aroused (they) national
pride and reminded them to value today’s peaceful life.
4．(2022·广东广州一模)By the age of 23，she has visited all the countries in an effort to
challenge (she) and push the limits of what she believed was possible for a female
traveler.
5．(2022·广东广州一模)But the most (value) experience of all was discovering a new
sense of independence，she said.
6．(2022·广东惠州一模)It was the first road in China with three colored dividing lines，and has
(successful) applied for national intellectual property certification.
7．The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school，before
you make any choice about your (far) education.
8．As a result，China has the fourth (large) number of museums in the world next to the
United States，Germany and Japan.
9．According to official statistics，over 346 million Chinese people have participated in winter
sports training，amateur or (profession) competitions，or winter sports leisure
activities，surpassing the goal of 300 million the government set in 2015 when Beijing won the
Olympic bid.10．China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a
_________(real)．
Group 2 真题练
1 ． As a main promoter of the International Tea Day ， the birthplace of tea and the
(large) tea-producing country，China has a (responsible) to work with other
countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.(2022·全国乙)
2．The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening
(it) first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.(2022·全国乙)
3 ． The GPNP’ s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
(population) and homes of giant pandas，and (eventual) achieve a desired level of
population in the wild.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
4 ． Why do we dream ？ Scientists aren’ t completely sure ， and they have diverse
(idea)．
(2021·北京)
5．...we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than to ride on a
piece of history！(2021·全国甲)
6．It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed! (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
7．This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside，including
(low) levels of income and education，higher costs of healthy foods，and fewer sports facilities.
(2021·浙江1月)
8．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters
squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.(2021·浙江1月)
9．As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine
_____________(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
10．Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2020·新高考全国
Ⅰ)
A
(2022·广东广州三模)
Yang Liu，a 25-year-old inheritor of single bamboo drifting(独竹漂)，has given over 3,000
performances of the traditional sport across China in the past 10 years.She desires 1.
(familiarize) people with it not just in the country but the entire world.
Born and 2. (bring) up in Zunyi，Guizhou，Yang started learning drifting on a
bamboo pole on the water when she was seven.In the 3. (begin)，she treated it justas a way to keep fit.But later on，she developed 4. interest when she managed to
pull off some basic dance moves while drifting on the water.
5． each brave attempt，her confidence grew.She 6. (late)
applied traditional Chinese costumes，Hanfu，to her performances.A girl in Hanfu dancing on the
water—it was a sight to behold.
7． Yang didn’t just stop there.Having a soft corner in her heart for 8.
(disable) people，she integrated sign language into her dance，thus not only promoting Chinese
culture ， but also telling people that “as long as you are willing to make 9.
(attempt)，you can also find your value.”
Since 2020，Yang has been actively popularizing the technique on social media platforms，
where she 10. (earn) millions of followers and likes from home and abroad.
B
(2022·广东梅州二模)
The term “China-Chic” characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends.It has
expanded the concept of “Made in China”，1. is usually regarded as the assurance of the
quality of products.
In recent years，“Made in China” has 2. (increasing) been recognized as the
representation of Chinese culture 3. (offer) by homegrown Chinese brands，or simply
“China-Chic”．
The initial 4. (adopt) of the term “China-Chic” was similar to “Brit
Style” ， which represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the country’ s
differentiating cultural 5. (element)．
Designers in the fashion industry were 6. first to feature traditional Chinese
patterns and characters，garment textiles and crafting technique in 7. (they) newest
collections.The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen
before，quickly 8. (turn) the collections into best sellers.
Under such influence，young people gradually 9. (shift) their attention from pop
culture imported from Japan ， Korea and the West and started to develop interest 10.
traditional Chinese art and literature，practicing Chinese calligraphy and musical instrument，
such as Guzheng.
